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Effect of microstructure size and type on the hardness for the duplex steel were disclosed by using of optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nanoindenter for the samples hot compressed under different temperature with reduction of 10%, 30%, 50% and 70%. OM and SEM were used to measure the average martensite lamellar width, space and indenter morphology. nanoindenter test characterized the microstructure hardness for the samples under different process. Experiment results show that martensite hardness for the sample hot compressed at 950°C has larger diversity than that of sample hot compressed at 1200°C. The martensite hardness fluctuation range for the sample compressed at 950°C is almost from about 7GPa to 12GPa, while, for the sample compressed at 1200°C, the fluctuation range is basically from about 9GPa to 12GPa. However, the average hardness for the samples hot compressed at 950°C is comparably smaller, which is related with lower quench temperature. The larger martensite hardness fluctuation is mainly related with induced ferrite formation and finer martensite lamellar width. For the ferrite phase, the hardness fluctuation range is lower.

Introduction The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of human semen on the proliferation, survival, migration and invasion of HeLa cervical cancer cells by analyzing the extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway. Material and methods HeLa cells were stimulated with different concentrations of human semen. MTT assay was used to analyze the effects on cell proliferation. Apoptosis in the different experimental groups was quantified by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The effect of seminal plasma on in vitro invasiveness of cells was evaluated using transwell assay. Western blotting was used to evaluate ERK pathway activation. Results Human semen promoted HeLa cell proliferation; ERK1/2 phosphorylation and c-myc expression also increased with increasing semen concentration. U0126 inhibited semen-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, c-myc upregulation and cell proliferation. Compared with the control group, semen did not significantly affect the apoptotic rate of HeLa cells (p > 0.05). The transwell assays showed that compared with the control group, the number of invading cells increased significantly with increasing semen concentration, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05) when 1 : 50 semen was added, suggesting that semen promotes the invasion of cervical cancer cells. Western blotting indicated that ERK1/2 phosphorylation began to increase when 1 : 100 semen was added; with increasing semen concentration, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was significantly up-regulated, and the expression of its downstream target gene, c-myc, was also up-regulated (p < 0.05). Conclusions Semen promoted the proliferation of HeLa cells by activating the ERK pathway and showed increased tumorigenic potential in vivo. Human seminal plasma might be a potential factor contributing to the development of cervical cancer.

Lots of work has been done to investigate slab surface microstructure evolution during continuous casting in order to improve hot ductility and avoid transverse cracks. The slab surface microstructure after continuous casting was characterized by optical microscopy, and the precipitation behavior was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the slabs were measured using a Gleeble 1500D thermal simulator and the transformation temperatures were examined by means of a thermal dilatometer. The experimental results show that homogeneous microstructure without film-like ferrites and chain-like precipitates at grain boundary can be obtained through surface intensive cooling and transverse cracks do not occur on the slab surface. For the experimental steel, fine ferrite can form at slab surface when the water flow rate is larger than 1560 L/min at vertical section. As the distance to surface increases, microstructure turned to ferrite and pearlite. Moreover, nano-size carbonitrides precipitated in the ferrite grain and the size was larger at the junction of the dislocations. The mechanical experiment results show that the hot ductility of the sample deformed at 650 °C was better than that of the sample deformed at 750 °C. The reason is that filmlike ferrite formed at the grain boundary in the sample deformed at 750 °C. Thus, the slab must be cooled quickly below Ar3 to prevent the occurrence of film-like ferrite and transverse cracks on the slab surface during casting.

Objective. Asthma is a syndrome that incorporates many immune phenotypes. The immunologic effects of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) exerts on allergic asthma remain still largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of SCIT on cytokine production and peripheral blood levels of lymphocyte subtypes in children with mite-induced moderate and severe allergic asthma. Methods. The study included 60 kids with mite-induced allergic asthma from 5 to 10 years old. All subjects had received antiasthmatic pharmacologic for 3 months at baseline. Half of the children were treated with SCIT combined with pharmacologic treatment named the SCIT group and the other half only with pharmacologic therapy named the no-SCIT group. Total asthma symptom score (TASS) and total medication score (TMS) were recorded. Flow cytometry was used to identify lymphocyte subtypes: type 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2s), type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) helper T cells, T helper 17 (Th17) cells, and regulatory T (Treg) cells. ELISA, flow cytometry, and cytometric bead array were used to assess cytokines IL-13, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17, and TGF-β, at baseline and 3 and 6 months after study treatment in both groups of patients. Results. Both groups can significantly improve clinical symptoms in children with asthma. SCIT can significantly reduce asthma medication after 6 months of treatment. SCIT induced a significantly higher and progressive reduction in ILC2 percentage and IL-13 levels after 3 and 6 months of treatment compared with baseline and compared with no-SCIT patients. Significant differences were detected in the Th1/Th2 cell ratio and IFN-γ/IL-4 cytokine ratio between groups after 6 months of treatment. Similarly, the Th17/Treg ratio and IL-17/TGF-β ratio in the SCIT group were much lower than those in the no-SCIT group after 3-6 months of treatment. Conclusion. SCIT is a promising option to reduce the percentage of ILC2 and regulate Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg immune balance in the peripheral blood of children with asthma.

The oxidation behavior of Fe-based amorphous ribbons was tested by annealing at 380 °C in air for different time with heat treatment furnace and analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanism of oxides formation of the amorphous ribbons was discussed in detail. The results showed that the oxides were mostly B2O2, SiO2 and Fe2O3 or FeO. With the increase of annealing time and holding temperature, the fraction of the oxides on the ribbon surface increased and the size of the oxides became larger due to the generation of new oxides and the coalescence of small oxides. The oxides have different shapes, such as round, rod and needle-shaped. Experimental results also showed that the oxides nucleated at fish scale, air pocket and impurities in priority, and the growth of the oxides was controlled by the diffusion of atoms. With the increase of the distance to the ribbon surface, the oxygen concentration decreased dramatically. Due to the low binding energy of B2O3 and the large diffusion coefficient of B atom, the B element was oxidized firstly compared with other elements. Moreover, the oxidation depths of the B2O3 and SiO2 were larger than that of Fe2O3.

Controlling agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, such as N

In order to solve the problem of the magnetic property deterioration of the amorphous cores annealed under high absolute water content condition, the deterioration mechanism was studied by using the SEM and X-ray diffraction equipment. The experimental results indicate that the magnetic properties deterioration of the amorphous cores is mainly related with the oxidation of the amorphous cores. It has been found that the oxidation occurred on the surface of the annealed amorphous materials. What’s more, the oxidation formed at the defects of the amorphous materials in priority. Thus the surface quality has a major impact on the oxidation and the magnetic properties deterioration. By analysis of the possibility of the chemical reaction, it is believed that the oxidation is caused by the Fe or B reaction with H2O. With the holding time increased, the oxides size and quantity increased. To reduce the influence of the H2O in the air on the magnetic properties deterioration of the amorphous materials during heat treatment, the experiment by aerating the N2 to the heat treatment furnace was performed. The experiment result proves that the magnetic properties of the amorphous cores were improved during annealing in N2, which almost reaches the same level of the amorphous cores annealed under low absolute water content condition.

The coordination between urban rail transit network and city spatial functional distribution plays an important role in the process of urbanization. This paper, based on an empirical analysis, studies the characteristics of the Beijing urban rail transit network from the perspective of time and space. Then, according to statistical analysis, a series of reasonable evaluating indicators and comparison among the typical cities in the world, we summarize the obvious problems existing in the network. At last, we draw the conclusions that the network needs improvement and we put forward six suggestions aiming to increase the transport efficiency and optimize the network layout.

The present study aims to evaluate the use of the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) translocation assay for retrospective dose estimation of acute accidental exposure to radiation in the past. Reciprocal translocation analysis by FISH with three whole-chromosome probes was performed on normal peripheral blood samples. Samples were irradiated with 0–5 Gy 60Co γ-rays in vitro, and dose–effect curves were established. FISH-based translocation analyses for six accident victims were then performed, and biological doses were estimated retrospectively by comparison with the dose–effect curves. Reconstructed doses by FISH were compared with estimated doses obtained by analysis of di-centrics performed soon after exposure, or with dose estimates from tooth-enamel electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data obtained at the same time as the FISH analysis. Follow-up FISH analyses for an adolescent victim were performed. Results showed that dose–effect curves established in the present study follow a linear-quadratic model, regardless of the background translocation frequency. Estimated doses according to two dose–effect curves for all six victims were similar. FISH dose estimations of three adult victims exposed to accidental radiation less than a decade prior to analysis (3, 6, or 7 years ago) were consistent with those estimated with tooth-enamel EPR measurements or analyses of di-centrics. Estimated doses of two other adult victims exposed to radiation over a decade prior to analysis (16 or 33 years ago) were underestimated and two to three times lower than the values obtained from analysis of di-centrics or tooth-enamel EPR. Follow-up analyses of the adolescent victim showed that doses estimated by FISH analysis decrease rapidly over time. Therefore, the accuracy of dose estimates by FISH is acceptable only when analysis is performed less than 7 years after exposure. Measurements carried out more than a decade after exposure through FISH analysis resulted in underestimation of the biological doses compared with values obtained through analysis of di-centrics and tooth-enamel EPR.

Aim of the study: This study aims to ana lyze the clinical manifestations and sequelae of peripheral nerve radiation damage of two cases of cancer patients after radiotherapy at the corresponding sites in clinical practice and to summa rize experiences and lesions in order to provide a reference for future tumor radiotherapy. Material and methods: Some data of two cases of patients, such as doses of ra diotherapy, clinical manifestations and damage occurrence time, were collect ed and examinations were conducted to define diagnosis. Afterwards, therapies and follow-up were conducted. Results: Case 1 (rectal cancer) was diag nosed as mild left lower extremity nerve damage. After the symptomatic treat ment, the disease condition was im proved, and there was no tumor recur rence sign. Case 2 (breast cancer) was diagnosed as left brachial plexus dam age, and left upper extremity movement function was lost completely. While the analgesic treatment was conducted, anti-tumor relevant treatments were being carried out. Conclusions: Radiotherapy can cause different extents of radioactive nerve damage. In practice, it is necessary to constantly improve the radiotherapy technology level and actively prevent the occurrence of complications. Once symp toms appear, the diagnosis and treat ment should be conducted as early as possible in order to avoid aggravating damage to cause dysfunction and cause lifetime pain to patients.

Objective: The aim of this Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) review and meta-analysis was to derive a more precise estimation of the association between p53 codon 72 polymorphism (Arg72Pro, rs1042522 G>C) and cervical cancer risk among Asians. Methods: A literature search of Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and CBM databases from inception through June 2012 was conducted. The meta-analysis was performed using STATA 12.0 software. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of any association. Twenty-eight case-control studies were included with a total of 3,580 cervical cancer cases and 3,827 healthy controls. When all the eligible studies were pooled into the meta-analysis, the results showed that the Pro/Pro genotype was associated with increased risk of cervical cancer under the heterozygous model (Pro/ Pro vs. Arg/Pro: OR = 1.25, 95%CI: 1.02-1.53, P= 0.005). However, no statistically significant associations were found under four other genetic models (Pro vs. Arg: OR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.85-1.10, P= 0.624; Pro/Pro + Arg/ Pro vs. Arg/Arg: OR = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.70-1.01, P= 0.058; Pro/Pro vs. Arg/Arg + Arg/Pro: OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 0.92-1.39, P= 0.242; Pro/Pro vs. Arg/Arg: OR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.76-1.22, P= 0.765; respectively). In the subgroup analysis based on country, the Pro/Pro genotype and Pro carrier showed significant associations with increased risk of cervical cancer among Indian populations, but not among Chinese, Japanese and Korean populations. Conclusion: Results from the current meta-analysis suggests that p53 codon 72 polymorphism might be associated with increased risk of cervical cancer, especially among Indians.

To investigate the late effects of radiation on child-bearing women, a follow-up study was performed on a 39-year-old survivor 16 years after a (60)Co radiation accident. The woman, Fang, was 19 weeks pregnant at the time of exposure. Physical examinations, a full range of clinical laboratory and imaging tests, as well as cytogenetic analyses were conducted to evaluate Fang's current health conditions. Fang shows the appearance of premature ageing and has a decreased menstrual period. Laboratory studies and imaging tests suggest nodular goitre disease and osteoporosis. Otherwise, no apparent abnormalities were found in the major organs. No malignant tumours were detected by either tumour markers or imaging tests. However, the existence of chromosome aberrations warrants long-term follow-up for tumour incidence in the future. Fang became pregnant 8 years after the accident, but suffered a miscarriage due to the death of the foetus at 6 months into the pregnancy. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the intrauterine death of the foetus might be associated with the previous exposure. There is no evidence of malignant tumours as of the date of the follow-up study. Non-cancerous diseases, i.e. thyroid disease and osteoporosis, which may be related to radiation exposure, are the major manifestations of the long-term effects of the accident.

Looking up data mainly depends on the designer. Automation of looking up related data of charts, curve resource is a key to automatic design of common components, and is neccessory to be solved for strength and structural design automation of common components. A continuous curve on the logarithmic coordinates taken automatically search algorithm and discrete forms of data management and automated check to take the basic data structure to solve all the data graphs and charts automatically check the computer taken. With computer technology, in mechanical product design, various standards curves and tables can be processed.

The microstructure evolution of the supercooling austenite for the eutectoid carbon steel during deformation was analyzed. The experiment results show that during deformation part of the supercooling austenite transformed to pearlite. The pearlite transformation began around the grain boundary. The interlamellar spacing of the pearlite was fine. In addition, the kinetics of the austenite to pearlite transformation during deformation was discussed in detail. The analysis indicates that the kinetics of the pearlite transformation under deformation can be described by the Avrami equation: . Particularly, in the Avrami equation the value b varied obviously with the change of the deformation conditions. However, the influence of the deformation conditions on the value n was little.

A series of 1,4-substituted phthalazine derivatives were designed and synthesized. All the prepared compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activities against A549, HT-29 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines in vitro . Among them, compounds 7a – 7h showed excellent selectivity for MDA-MB-231 cell line with IC 50 values from 1 nmol/L to 0.92 μmol/L. A preliminary SAR study of these derivatives was performed.

A series of quinoline-3-carbonitrile derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their cytotoxicity in vitro against four cancer cell lines (A549, HT-29, MDA-MB-231 and SMMC-7721) were evaluated by standard MTT assay. The pharmacological results showed that most of the prepared compounds displayed excellent selective cytotoxicity toward SMMC-7721 cell line. Among them, compounds 7c , 7e , 11b , 11f and 11g were more active than Gefitinb against SMMC-7721 cell line.

Ovarian epithelial serous cystadenocarcinoma (OESC) is the most lethal of all gynecologic malignancies. In this report, we performed comparative proteomic study of normal ovarian epithelial and OESC tissue in order to establish OESC related protein atlas, and to identify tumor-associated proteins which may be important target proteins for clinical diagnosis and therapy and/or closely correlated to OESC pathogenesis. Six proteins were found significantly differentially expressed between normal ovarian epithelial and OESC tissues. The marked expression differences of selected proteins were further confirmed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The correlation of prx-II expression with clinico-pathological features was also investigated.

Objective Therapeutic angiogenesis is a new strategy for treatment of vascular insufficiency. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced angiogenesis has been applied to induce the neovascularization of ischemic adult tissues in preclinical studies. This report summarizes a phase I clinical trial on the safety of adenovirus-mediated human HGF (Ad-HGF) gene transfer to treat clinically significant coronary artery disease. Methods The 18 patients with severe and diffused triple vessel disease determined by coronary angiography, 1–3 of the main coronary arteries not amenable to bypassing grafting and to catheter-based revascularization were assigned to 3 study groups according to the dose of Ad-HGF (from low to high), and the total dose as follows: 5 × 109 pfu (group A, n = 6); 1 × 1010 pfu (group B, n = 6); 2 × 1010 pfu (group C, n = 6). Arterial gene transfer was performed by over-the wire balloon to the distal of the accessible artery or otherwise the ostium of the target vessels by diagnostic coronary catheter. General safety parameters and cardiac-specific parameters were measured through the preoperative period and on day 7, 21, and 35 postoperatively. The safety and tolerance of Ad-HGF for patients were evaluated according to functional and cytological assessments. Results During the acute phase up to day 35 and at 11–14 months of follow-up there were no serious adverse events. A mild fever during the first 3 days was not present at day 4, and no long term or paroxysmal fever was found. There were no acute alterations in hemodynamic parameters and the electrocardiogram remained normal. No serious pericardial effusion was reported and there were no arrhythmia on Holter registrations. Moreover, the serum levels of HGF were not changed and the serum anti-adenovirus in the patients was not detected up to day 35. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that it is feasible to safely use an adenovirus gene-transfer vector to deliver the human hepatocyte growth factor gene to individuals with clinically significant coronary artery disease by direct intracoronary injection. However, a great deal of additional work must be done before administration of Ad-HGF can be recommended for clinical practice.

Background Autoimmune regulator (AIRE), a protein encoded by AIRE gene, is a transcriptional factor primarily expressed in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). It has pivotal role in regulation of human immunology. The mutations of AIRE gene or protein level changes would alter the status of body immunity and therefore onset of diseases. Therefore we aimed at investigating the association of AIRE gene with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods We genotyped 9 SNPs of AIRE gene of recruited 691 patients of rheumatoid arthritis and 800 healthy people in Chinese Han population. Results Our results indicated that a variant rs2075876 with minor allele A increased the risk of rheumatoid arthritis ( p a = 0.008, OR = 1.991, 95%CI 1.214–2.919). Other two SNPs rs933150 and rs760426 were borderline-associated with rheumatoid arthritis risk ( p a = 0.055; p a = 0.074, respectively). Furthermore, in correlation analysis of SNPs in AIRE gene with clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis, we found the SNP rs2075876 had significant correlation with CRP concentration ( p a = 0.020). Conclusion We might provide a new inside look into the AIRE gene variants in development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis.

Bakuchiol is a promising anti-tumor candidate with resveratrol-like structure. The present study aims to evaluate the inhibition potential of bakuchiol towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) 1A isoforms. An in vitro incubation system using 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) glucuronidation was used to evaluate the inhibition capability of bakuchiol towards UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A6, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9 and 1A10. The glucuronidation of trifluoperazine (TFP) was employed as the probe reaction to determine bakuchiol's inhibition towards UGT1A4. At 1 microM and 10 microM of bakuchiol, no or weak inhibition was observed for all the tested UGT1A isoforms. At 100 microM of bakuchiol, the activity of UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9 and 1A10 was inhibited by -46.2%, 74.7%, 17.8%, 98.7%, 70.4%, 99.2%, 75.8%, and 93.3%, respectively. Further inhibition kinetic behaviour was determined for UGT1A6, 1A8, and 1A10. Both Dixon plot and Lineweaver-Burk plot showed the noncompetitive inhibition of bakuchiol towards all these three UGT isoforms. The inhibition kinetic parameters (Ki) were calculated to be 5.3, 1.8, and 92.6 microM for UGT1A6, 1A8, and 1A10, respectively. In combination with the in vivo exposure of bakuchiol, the high possibility of in vivo inhibition of UGT1A6 and 1A8 was predicted. However, relatively low possibility of in vivo inhibition towards UGT1A10 was predicted due to lower in vivo concentration of bakuchiol than its inhibition parameter (Ki). All these information will be helpful for the RD of bakuchiol as a promising anti-tumor drug.

To evaluate the feasibility of endometrial sampler Pipelle for endometrial histologic diagnosis.Using prospective and self-control methods, 200 patients with endometrial biopsy firstly used Pipelle endometrial sampler for endometrial tissue, then followed by diagnostic curettage, the same pathologist evaluated the specimen quality and made the histologic diagnosis.Totally 200 patients completed the observation, the specimen satisfaction of Pipelle was 93.0% (in this 200 cases, 186 cases were satisfactory), its pathological accuracy was 85.0% (in this 200 cases, 170 cases' pathological results are highly consistent with diagnostic curettage). There was no significant difference between two kinds of endometrial sampling (P0.05). There was no pain for patients during the Pipelle using process.Pipelle could obtain satisfactory samples used for histological diagnosis in normal endometrium, simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and endometrial cancer disease, because its pathological accuracy is so close to the diagnostic curettage, which may be used as a routine screening tool of endometrial diseases.

To explore the relationship between the presence of HPV-16 DNA and the expression Treg surface marker Foxp3(+), peripheral blood levels of Th17/Treg cell-associated cytokines and explore their roles and significance in cervical cancer progression.Between January 2012 and October 2012 at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, a total of 142 HPV16 positive patients were divided into cervical cancer (CC, n = 60), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN, n = 65) and control group (n = 17). Cervical liquid-based cytological (LBC) samples were collected to detect E2 and E6 genes of HPV type 16 using multiple real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). E2/E6 ratio was used to evaluate the physical status of HPV-16 DNA in host cell genome. The SP immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of FOXP3 in cervical lesions. The concentrations of Th17/Treg cell-associated cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Under the same status of HPV16 DNA in vivo, the levels of Foxp3(+), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were significantly higher than those of the control group (P0.01) while the levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-21 (IL-21)were significantly lower than those of the control group (P0.05) . In the same disease, HPV16 DNA integration rate grew with the increases of Foxp3(+), TGF-β and IL-10 while IL-17 and IL-21 were opposite. In the different status of HPV16 type DNA, the expression of Foxp3(+) was closely correlated with Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, histological grade and lymphnode metastasis (P0.05) except for age (P0.05).Treg cytokines, HPV16 integration rate and severity of cervical lesions are positively correlated while Th17 cytokines show opposite effects. Th17/Treg cell-associated cytokines may play an important role in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.

Aim: The aim of the current study was to investigate the associations between rs3732581, rs73887537 of PARL gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related phenotypes in Chinese T2DM case-control population. Methods: We genotyped PARL gene rs3732581, rs73887537 polymorphisms in 543 T2DM patients and 384 healthy controls by using PCR-RFLP technique. Plasma glucose, insulin and lipid were measured by biochemical technique. Results: rs73887537 polymorphism of PARL gene was not existed in the studied population. The genotype and allele distributions of rs3732581 polymorphism were not significantly different between T2DM and control groups (both P>0.05). However compared with carriers of C allele, the carriers of the GG genotype showed significantly higher levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol in the T2DM and control groups respectively. Conclusion: rs73887537 polymorphism of PARL gene was not existed in the Chinese studied population. The rs3732581 polymorphism of PARL gene is not associated with the presence of T2DM. However, it is associated with blood lipid levels in T2DM and healthy Chinese population differently.

In November 1992, a radiation accident occurred in Xinzhou, due to the collection by a farmer of an unused (60)Co source; 37 individuals were exposed to ionizing radiation. Three individuals died and the farmer's 19-weeks-pregnant wife suffered acute radiation symptoms. Conventional chromosome analysis, cytokinesis-block micronuclei (CBMN) assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) painting with three pairs of whole chromosome probes were used to analyze chromosomal aberrations for the pregnant female and her baby during the 16 years following the accident. The yields of dicentrics and rings (dic+r) continually declined between 41 days and 16 years after the accident. The frequency of binucleated MN also decreased over time for both mother and daughter. Sixteen years after exposure, the yields of dic+r and binucleated MN decreased to normal levels, but the reciprocal translocation frequencies remained elevated, for both mother and daughter. FISH results showed a decreasing yield of translocations with time. Based on the changes in maternal translocation frequency, the daughter's dose at the time of exposure was estimated as 1.82 (1.35-2.54)Gy. This was consistent with the clinical manifestations of severe mental retardation and low IQ score. FISH-based translocation analysis can be used for follow-up studies on accidental exposure and, after correction, for retrospective dose estimation for individuals prenatally exposed to radiation.

To investigate the association of interferon (IFN) γ gene polymorphisms and risk and prognosis of HPV cervical infection.PCR-ASP was used for detecting IFN-γ rs2430561 polymorphism in 179 HPV positive patients and 328 HPV negative normal controls.The frequency of A allele of 63.7% (228/358) was significantly higher than the frequency of T allele of 36.3% (130/358) in HPV positive group (P = 0.045). The frequencies were 41.3% (74/179) in AA genotype and 14.0% (25/179) in TT genotype, women carrying AA genotype increased the risk of HPV infection compare with those with TT genotype (OR = 1.784, 95% CI: 1.031 - 3.088, P = 0.039). During follow-up, the rate of HPV positive again in AA genotype was 83.8% (62/74), while TT genotype was 20.0% (5/25). In the analysis of Kaplan-Meier, the cumulative HPV negative rates of AA, TA and TT genotype exhibited significantly different (P = 0.008). The cumulative HPV negative rate of AA genotype was the lowest (1.1% - 5.9%).IFN-γ rs2430561 polymorphisms confer the susceptibility to HPV infection. Women with AA genotype exhibited higher risk of infection and inclined to be continuous status and recurrence after HPV infection.

To explore the clinical significance of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.The serum SCC-Ag concentrations were measured for 1195 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 54 patients with non-squamous cell type cervical cancer, 325 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasm and 69 healthy women treated at Gynecology Ward of Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University from August 2008 to October 2010. And the correlations with their clinical pathological features of squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed and the changes in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis monitored.Serum SCC-Ag in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma showed a sensitivity of 62.32% and a specificity of 90.10% with the optimal cutoff point of diagnosis at 1.45 µg/L. The differences of pretreatment serum SCC-Ag levels were statistically significant in clinical stage, histological differentiation, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis (P0.01). The posttreatment serum SCC-Ag levels of 106 patients undergoing radical surgery and 264 patients on chemotherapy significantly decreased and were significant different with their pretreatment levels (P0.05). There was no relationship of serum SCC-Ag levels and human papillomavirus (HPV) opportunistic infection (all P0.05). The best threshold values of pretreatment serum SCC-Ag concentration for predicting early postoperative cervical lymph node metastasis and prognosis of cervical cancer were 2.15 and 12.1 µg/L respectively.As a relatively specific tumor maker for cervical squamous cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma antigen is correlated with clinicopathological features of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. And it has important clinical reference values in the diagnosis, prognosis, follow-up evaluation and treatment monitoring of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) represents the most common intramural mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract, but the synchronous occurrence of GIST in the stomach and gynecological cancer is rare. We present a unique case of a 56-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with the synchronous development of GIST and an isolated parenchymal splenic metastasis of ovarian cancer. She underwent a wide local excision of gastric lesions with splenectomy. A morphological (histological and immunohistochemical) study established a spindle-cell type of gastrointestinal tumor that expressed CD117, and a parenchymal recurrence of ovarian papillary serous adenocarcinoma. The patient has remained alive and disease-free for 30 months since the last operation. A small GIST concomitant with an isolated parenchymal splenic metastasis of ovarian cancer is rarely encountered. The coexistence of GIST with other malignancies constitutes an intriguing oncologic model. Surgeons are advised to be alert against possible primary GIST accompanying other neoplasms.

This study aimed at examining the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the protein tyrosine phosphatase gene (PTPN22) with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a Chinese population. A total of 200 RA patients and age and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited. Their genotypes and allelic frequency were determined by the TaqMan-MGB probe-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The frequencies of the CC genotype and C allele in RA patient group were significantly higher than that of controls (P0.01 or P0.05) with an odds ratio of 1.67, respectively. These data suggest, the CC genotype and C allele of the -1123GC in the PTPN22 gene are associated with an increased risk for RA in Chinese population. Therefore, the CC genotype and C allele of the -1123GC in the PTPN22 gene may be used as a genetic marker for the predisposition of RA in Chinese.

By using in situ leaching device, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen fertilization rate and straw mulching on the nitrate leaching at 90 cm soil depth, nitrate accumulation in soil profile (0-100 cm), crop yield, and nitrogen balance of wheat-corn rotation farmland in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi. Six treatments were installed, i. e., no fertilization (N1, 0 kg x hm(-2) x a(-1)), conventional fertilization (N2, 471 kg x hm(-2) x a(-1)), recommended fertilization (N3, 330 kg x hm(-2) x a(-1)), reduced N application (N4, 165 kg x hm(-2) x a(-1)), increased N application (N5, 495 kg x hm(-2) x a(-1)), and recommended fertilization plus straw mulching (N3 + S). The nitrate leaching loss was increased with increasing N fertilization rate. Excessive N fertilization and straw mulching could easily cause nitrate leaching. In treatment N3 + S, the annual NO3(-) -N loss at 90 cm soil depth was the greatest (22.32 kg N x hm(-2)), and the NO3(-) -N loss from N fertilization was 16.44 kg N x hm(-2) x a(-1), being 158.9% higher than that in treatment N3. Nitrate mainly accumulated in 20-60 cm soil layer. When the N application rate was 330 kg N x hm(-2) x a(-1), straw mulching had less effect on the NO3(-) -N distribution in soil profile. No significant difference was observed in the crop yield among the treatments, but reduced N application (N4) tended to decrease the yield. Under our experimental condition, a fertilization rate of 150 kg N x hm(-2) x a(-1) for wheat and 180 kg N x hm(-2) x a(-1) for maize could ensure the crop production and reduce the soil nitrate leaching and accumulation.

To investigate the menstruation status of reproductive age women of Han Nationality in Liaoning province.From Apr. 2008 to Dec. 2008, 1611 women at age of 19-45 years from Shenyang, Yingkou, Benxi, Zhangwu were enrolled in this study according to epidemiologic cluster sampling method. The study was performed by questionnaire consisting of age of menarche, regularity of menstruation, menstrual cycle and dysmenorrhea, et al.In the survey of 1611 women, the average menarche age is 14.4 years old, there were significant difference on menarche between (14.2 +/- 1.5) years in women from city and (14.6 +/- 1.5) years in women from country (t = 6.58, P0.01). The linear regression statistic method was used to analyze the relationship between age and menarche age, the linear regression equation was gotten as Y = 0.074X + 11.855, which means 1 year increase was associated with decrease by 0.074 years in menarche age approximately. About 86.34% (1391/1611) of women have normal and regular menstrual cycle at range of 21 to 35 days, while 11.05% (178/1611) of women have longer menstrual cycle (35 days) and 2.61% (42/1611) of women have shorter menstrual cycle (21 days). Of which 65.67% (1058/1611) women have regular menstrual cycle just after menarche, 94.97% (1530/1611) of women would have regular menstruation in 2 years after menarche. The rate of dysmenorrhea was 42.09% (678/1611), of which 13.6% (92/678) women have high severe pelvic pain.Our results suggested that the trend went toward younger ages of menarche, which was younger menarche age in women from city than country. About 95% women would have regular menstrual cycle within 2 years after menarche.

The human Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 (ARHGEF11), located on chromosome 1q21, is an activator of Rho GTPases involved in G protein signaling pathway known to regulate insulin secretion and action. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between the previously reported R1467H G/A variant in ARHGEF11 and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance as well as metabolic traits in a Chinese population. We genotyped R1467H G/A polymorphism in 311 patients with T2DM and 328 control subjects in a Chinese population, using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) protocol and DNA sequencing methods. The genotype and allele distributions of the R1467H G/A polymorphism were significantly different between the T2DM group and the normal control group (P = 0.024, 0.018, respectively) and we also found that the A allele carriers (GA + AA genotype) had markedly higher risk of T2DM as compared with the wild-type GG genotype after adjustment for gender, age, and BMI (OR = 1.578, 95% CI 1.126–2.212, P = 0.008). Moreover, in the T2DM group the A allele carriers had higher FPG, FINS, and HOMA-IR than that of the GG homozygote (P = 0.015, 0.029, and 0.007, respectively). FPG and HOMA-IR levels were also significantly increased from A allele carriers to GG homozygote in the control group (P = 0.017, 0.012, respectively). Our investigation suggests that the R1467H polymorphism of ARHGEF11 gene may contribute to susceptibility to T2DM and insulin resistance in a Chinese population.

Lewis(y) antigen is an oligosaccharide containing two fucoses, and is expressed variously in 75% of ovarian tumors, where its high expression level predicts poor prognosis. The effect and the possible mechanism of Lewis(y) on the proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells are still largely unkown. We report here that transfecting alpha1,2-FT gene into RMG-I cells increased the expression of Lewis(y) and promoted cell proliferation. In alpha1,2-FT-transfected cells, the Lewis(y) content of EGFR was increased dramatically. Tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR was elevated. Concomitantly, tyrosine phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2 was also upregulated. Moreover, the expression of HER2/neu mRNA and protein, the tyrosine phosphorylation of HER2/ neu were also elveated, while the expression of p27 was significantly reduced. However, the expression of EGFR and the relative content of Lewis(y) on HER2/neu were unchanged. The above-mentioned alterations were correlated with the Lewis(y) content of EGFR and alpha1,2-FT expression in cells. In addition, the phosphorylation intensity and difference in phosphorylation intensity between cells with different expression of alpha1,2-FT were attenuated significantly by the inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase and by the mono-antibody to Lewis(y). Meanwhile, the reduction in p27 and the difference in its expression among the two cell lines were also blocked by the Lewis(y) antibody. The PI3K signaling pathway was more important than the MAPK pathway in the regulation of p27 expression. These findings provide strong evidence that increased expression of Lewis(y) promotes cell proliferation through regulating the phosphorylation and expression of some molecules involved in the EGFR/PI3K-signaling pathway.

To investigate the expression and significance of elastin and fibulin-5 in anterior vaginal tissue of women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP).Between November 2006 and June 2008, 68 patients with POP underwent surgical treatment in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were enrolled in this study, who were classified into 10 patients with grade I, 21 patients with grade II, 25 patients with grade III and 12 patients with grade IV in accordance with pelvic organ prolapse quantitation (POP-Q). Meanwhile, 18 cases with early cervical cancer at stage of I b were treated by total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, their anterior vaginal tissues were selected as controls. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of elastin and fibulin-5.(1) Elastin and fibulin-5 were mainly expressed at extracellular matrix(ECM). (2) The positive rate of fibulin-5 expression in anterior vaginal wall were 5% (2/37) in grade III/IV and 26% (8/31) in grade I/IV POP patients, which reached statistical difference (P = 0.035). However, no statistical different expression was found between postmenopausal (13%, 8/60) and non-menopausal patients (2/8), vaginal deliveryor =2 (19%, 5/27) and2 patients (12%, 5/41, P0.05). (3) The positive rate of elastin expression in anterior vaginal wall in POP group was 31% (21/68), which was significantly lower than 72% (13/18) of control group (P = 0.002). Among POP group, 19% (7/37) of elastin expression in grade III/IV POP was significantly lower than 45% (14/31) in grade I/II of POP patients. However, no statistical difference was found between postmenopausal (30%, 18/60) and non-menopausal patients (3/8), vaginal deliveryor =2 (26%, 7/27) and2 patients(34%, 14/41, P0.05). (4) In POP group, both positive expression of fibulin-5 and elastin of anterior vaginal wall was in 6 cases, both negative expression of fibulin-5 and elastin was in 43 cases. It was illustrated that elastin and fibulin-5 had an positive relationship (P = 0.031).The decreased expression of elastin and fibulin-5 was correlated with degree of POP, which indicated that elastin and fibulin-5 may play a role in the pathogenesis of POP.

Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) plays an important role in atherosclerosis. This study was to examine expression of MMP-1 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to explore its relationship with atherosclerosis in SLE.Fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to examine the expression of MMP-1 mRNA in PBMCs in 80 SLE patients, including 39 prone to atherosclerosis (Group A) and 41 unprone to atherosclerosis (Group B). Meanwhile, 30 patients who were free of cardiovascular diseases and 30 healthy individuals were selected as disease and normal control group (Groups C and D). The changes of MMP-1 gene expression were analyzed by differences of cycle threshold (DeltaCt), with the following formula: DeltaCt = Ct(target) gene - Ct(reference) gene.The expression level of MMP-1 mRNA in Group A was significantly higher than that of group B (DeltaCt = 8.64 +/- 2.43 vs DeltaCt = 12.09 +/- 2.26, t = 6.588, P0.01). The expression level of MMP-1 mRNA of SLE patients was significantly higher than that of Group C (DeltaCt = 10.41 +/- 2.90 vs DeltaCt = 12.29 +/- 2.51, t = 3.135, P0.01) and Group D (DeltaCt = 10.41 +/- 2.90 vs DeltaCt = 12.48 +/- 1.69, t = 3.675, P0.01).In comparison to disease and control group, expression of MMP-1 mRNA in PBMCs of SLE patients was significantly elevated, and significant difference of MMP-1 mRNA expression was also found between SLE patients prone and unprone to atherosclerosis, indicating that expression of MMP-1 mRNA may be correlated with the pathogenesis and activity of atherosclerosis in SLE.

To compare the three Anti-dsDNA antibody detecting test (IIF, ELISA, Farr) with 200 serum samples to evaluate which one has higher sensitivity and specificity.200 serum samples including 120 serum samples of SLE, 20 serum samples of rheumatoid arthritis, 20 serum samples of MCTD, 20 serum samples of SS, 20 serum samples of PSS and 50 serum samples of healthy measured by IIF, Farr and ELISA.Detection the Anti-dsDNA antibody of the serum sample with the methods of IIF, ELISA and Farr. The positive percentage of Anti-dsDNA in SLE is 25%, 32% and 32%, while in RA is 0, 0 and 0; in PSS is 0, 0 and 5%; in SS is 0, 0 and 0; in healthy is 0, 0 and 0.Detection the Anti-dsDNA antibody with two method in the same time, especially with IIF and ELISA, will heighten the positive rate than with single method and will be helpful for the diagnosis of SLE.

To investigate the influence of Lewis y antigen on the gene expression of partial drug resistance associated proteins in human ovarian cancer cell line RMG-I-H.RT-PCR was used to determine the gene expressions of partial drug resistance associated proteins in RMG-I-H cell line transfected with alpha1, 2-fucosyltransferases gene and RMG-I cell line, as well as in RMG-I-H treated with or without anti-Lewis y monoclonal antibody at the concentration of 10 micro/g/ml. The immunocytochemical method was used to detect the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in RMG-I and RMG-I-H cell lines. RMG-I and RMG-I-H cells were transplanted into nude mice and the expression of P-gp in the tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry.The mRNA expressions of protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-alpha), topoismerase I ( Topo I ), multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP-1), and MRP-2 were significantly higher in RMG-I-H cells than those in RMG-I cells (0.46 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.27 +/- 0.05, 0.82 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.04, 0.66 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.34 +/- 0.12, and 0.44 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.05; all P0.05). However, the mRNA expression of multi-drug resistance 1 (MDR-1) was significantly lower in RMG-I-H cells than that in RMG-I cells (0.26 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.45 +/- 0.08, P0.05). The P-gp level increased in RMG-I-H cells compared with that in RMG-I cells both in vivo and in vitro (P0.05). Expressions of MDR-1, MRP-1, MRP-2, PKC-alpha, and Topo I mRNA decreased by the time in RMG-I-H cells treated with anti-Lewis y monoclonal antibody (all P0.05), while mRNA expressions of those genes in the control group did not statistically change (P0.05). In addition, MDR-1, MRP-1, MRP-2, PKC-alpha, and Topo I mRNA expressions were significantly lower in RMG-I-H cells treated with anti-Lewis y monoclonal antibody than those in the control group at 6 hours (all P0.05) and the inhibition ratios were 48.55%, 77.50%, 70.18%, 45.86%, and 46.13%, respectively.The Lewis y antigen of the human ovarian cancer cell surface is closely correlated with the regulation on the gene expression of partial drug resistance associated proteins.

To determine the bacterial composition and antibacterial resistance in female urinary tract infections (UTI) in China.The disc diffusion test, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), test or E-test was used to detect the antimicrobial susceptibility in 86 tertiary hospitals in China from June 1, 2006 to May 31, 2007. WHONET 5.4 was applied for data analysis.A total of 6071 pathogenic germs were collected from urine cultures of UTI female patients in the surveillance period, which included 5958 bacterial isolates. Escherichia coli 3529 strains (59.23%), Enterococcus spp 938 strains (15.74%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae 394 strains (6. 61%) were the most common pathogens. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae had 35.7% and 34.0% extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) positive rates, and their resistant rates to quinolones were about 70% and 40%, respectively. Enterococcus faecium was much more resistant to almost all the antibiotics than Enterococcus faecalis. 0.9% Escherichia faecalis and 3. 8% Escherichia faecium were resistant to vancomycin, whereas 2.7% and 4.8% were resistant to teicoplanin. Staphylococcus epdermidis was more common in UTI than Staphylococcus aureus, 79.1% and 75.0% of the isolates being methicillin-ressitant Staphylococcus epdermidis (MRSE) or methicillin-ressitant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), respectively. No vancomycin intermediate or resistant staphylococcus was detected, but 4.9% teicoplanin intermediate rate was found in Staphylococcus epdermidis. The resistant rates to quinolones increased with the patient age.Bacterial resistance in UTI in Chinese females is a severe problem, which could be resulted from antimicrobial irrational use. In the selection of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of UTI, doctors should refer to the results of bacterial resistant surveillance.

SUMMARY 1 There is growing evidence of the beneficial effects of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in myocardial infarction, heart failure and occlusive peripheral arterial disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of intracoronary administration of an adenovirus vector encoding the human HGF gene (Ad-HGF) on serum levels of cytokines and mobilization of CD34+ and CD117+ cells in patients with coronary heart disease. 2 Twenty-one patients with severe coronary artery disease were recruited to the study: 11 patients received both a stent and administration of Ad-HGF; the remaining 10 patients received a stent alone and served as the control group. Blood samples were obtained from the femoral vein before and then 6 and 24 h, 3 and 6 days and 2 weeks after treatment for the isolation of serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Intracoronary administration of Ad-HGF in patients with coronary heart disease resulted in high levels of HGF gene expression, as well as its receptor c-met, compared with the control group, as demonstrated by real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. In addition, serum levels of HGF, vascular endothelial growth factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin (IL)-10 were increased and serum levels of IL-8 were decreased in patients administered Ad-HGF compared with the control group. The percentage of CD34+ and CD117+ cells in the peripheral blood increased in patients administered Ad-HGF. 3 In conclusion, HGF gene therapy may play an important role in the regulation of cytokines and the induction of endothelial progenitor cell mobilization in patients with coronary heart disease.

To study the effect of RNA interference (RNAi) targeting E6AP on the proliferation and apoptosis of HeLa cells.HeLa cells were cultured and divided into 3 groups: blank control group, cells transfected with nonsense siRNA (small interference RNA), and cells transfected with specific E6AP siRNA. The expressions of E6AP mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot before and after the transfection respectively. Cell proliferation was determined by methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT). The cell apoptosis index was assessed by flow cytometry.Upon treatment with E6AP siRNA for 24, 48 and 72 h, the expression level of E6AP mRNA decreased 33%, 72% and 70% than siRNA treated group. The protein expression levels in 48 h and 72 h E6AP siRNA groups decreased 38%, 59% comparing with those of the nonsense siRNA treated group (P0.05). The proliferative capacity of cells transfectd with E6AP siRNA was significantly lower than blank control group (F = 101.38, P0.05) and siRNA treated group (F = 38.64, P0.05). The apoptosis index of HeLa cells treated with E6AP siRNA was significantly higher than that of the nonsense siRNA (F = 41.48, P0.05) and the blank control group (F = 86.36, P0.05).SiRNA targeting can effectively suppress the expression levels of E6AP mRNA, corresponding with a proliferation inhibition and an enhanced apoptosis of HeLa cells.

To explore the effect of alpha1,2-fucosyltransferase (alpha1,2-FT) gene on the biological behavior of ovarian carcinoma cells, the expression vector pcDNA3.1 -HFUT-H which containing human alpha1,2-FT gene coding region was constructed and transfected into ovarian carcinoma cell line RMG-I. alpha1,2-FT gene expression, Lewis y antigen expression, alpha1,2-FT activity, rates of cell growth and tumorogenesis in nude mice were compared before and after RMG-I being transfected. The transfection of alpha1,2-FT gene significantly increased the expression of alpha1,2-FT gene and Lewis y antigen in RMG-I cells. After the transfection, RMG-I cells showed remarkable improvement of alpha1,2-FT activity, cell proliferation, the ability of colony formation in soft agar and tumorogenesis in nude mice. The growth rates of alpha1,2-FT gene transfected RMG-I cells were obviously increased, presenting that the proportion of the cells in G2-M and S phases was obviously increased from 2.05% to 7.32% and from 23.95% to 33.27% respectively, and that of the cells in G1 phase was obviously decreased from 74.14% to 59.46%, as compared with the control group. These findings indicate that alpha1,2-FT and Lewis y antigen have the ability to enhance the proliferation and elevate the survival rates of RMG-I cells, which can promote the genesis and development of ovarian carcinoma.

To investigate the expression level of Galectin-9 (Gal-9) in the serum of cervical cancer patients and analyze the clinic significance of it.Collected sera from 29 patients with cervical cancer, 45 patients with cervical inter-epithelial lesion (CIN) and 26 normal females. Determination of Gal-9 was performed by ELISA, and in the group of patients with cervical cancer, these results were compared with the serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Then selecting four patients from the invasive cervical cancer group performed Gal-9 retrospective immuno-staining analysis.Gal-9 concentration was 27.15 ng/L in the group of patients with cervical cancer that was significantly higher compared with the patients with CIN (21.20 ng/L) and the normal females (17.43 ng/L), and the Gal-9 concentration was significantly correlated with both VEGF and CRP in cervical cancer group. Two of these patients, who had a higher Gal-9 serum level, shown more intense staining and the other two patients, with lower serum level of Gal-9, had moderate immunostaining, suggesting that at least part of serum Gal-9 might be produced by cervical cancer tissue.Gal-9 might play a role in the progression and invasion of cervical cancer and warrants further study.

The malignant biological behaviors are enhanced in human ovarian cancer cell line RMG-1 after transfection of alpha1,2-fucosyl transferase (alpha1,2-FT) gene. This study was to investigate the influence of alpha1,2-FT gene transfection on cancer-related gene expression profile of RMG-1 cells.Gene expressing vector pcDNA3.1-HFT-H and empty vector pcDNA3.1 were transfected into RMG-1 cells to produce RMG-1-H and RMG-1-C cells separately. Gene expression profiles of these two cell lines were detected by gene chip assay. The acquired data were inquired on the GoMiner online database.After transfection, comparing with those in RMG-1-C cells, 88 differentially expressed genes were identified in RMG-1-H cells: 60 were up-regulated and 28 were down-regulated. These genes are involved in protein binding, nucleotide binding, cell proliferation, DNA-dependent regulation of transcription, signal transduction, protein amino acid phosphorylation, transcription, cell adhesion, and so on.The transfection of alpha1,2-FT gene causes the changes of gene expression profile in ovarian cancer RMG-1 cells.

To investigate the effects of RNA interference (RNAi) targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) gene on the change of chemosensitivity to cisplatin of ovarian carcinoma cells. Methods Three kinds of HER-2 gene targeting siRNA, HER-2 siRNA I-III, were synthesized and the best one (HER-2 siRNA III) was screened. Human ovarian carcinoma cells of the line SKOV3 were cultured randomly divided into 3 groups: HER-2 siRNA III group, transfected with HER-2 siRNA III, non-specific siRNA group, transfected with non-specific siRNA III, and control group, without transfection. Cisplatin of the concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.2. 0.4, 0.8, 1.0, 2.0, 10, and 20 microg/ml was added into the culture fluid for 24 h. MTT method was used to detect the proliferation rate of the SKOV3 cells. Other SKOV3 cells were divided into 3 groups: siRNA group, transfected with HER-2 siRNA III, cisplatin group, exposed to cisplatin, and HER-2 siRNA III and exposed to cisplatin. Annexin V method and flow cytometry were used to detect the apoptosis of the SKOV3 cells. The HER-2 gene expression was assessed by Western blotting. The chemosensitivity of transfected cells to cisplatin was measured by MTT. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of apoptosis related proteins: Bcl-2, surviving, XIAP, and Smac.After exposed to cisplatin, the cell survival rate decreased as the dose of cisplatin increased. The proliferation rate of the SKOV3 cells transfected with HER-2 siRNA III and exposed to 1 microg/ml cisplatin was (58 +/- 5)%, significantly lower than those of the nonspecific siRNA III transfection group [(65 +/- 6)%] and the control group [(68 +/- 3)%, both P0.01]. No significant difference in the cell survival rate was found between the control and nonspecific groups (P0.05). The apoptosis rates at different time point of the HER-2 siRNA III + cisplatin group were all higher than those of the other 2 groups (all P0.01). The protein expression levels of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2, survivin, and XIAP were of the HER-2 siRNA III + cisplatin group were significantly lower than those of the cisplatin group, and the protein expression level of the apoptotic protein Smac of the HER-2 siRNA III + cisplatin group significantly higher than that of the cisplatin group (all P0.05).HER-2 siRNA III induces cell apoptosis significantly and increases the sensitivity of the human ovarian carcinoma cells to cisplatin. The mechanism of induction of cell apoptosis by HER-2 siRNA III + cisplatin may be related to the downregulation of Bcl-2, survivin and XIAP protein and the up-regulation of Smac protein.

To transfect human alpha1, 2-fucosyltransferase (alpha1, 2-FT) gene to ovarian cancer cell line RMG-I and investigate the antigenic expression change of Lewis y and the other related oligosaccharides.The expression vector pcDNA3.1(-)-HFUT-H was constructed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to clone human alpha1, 2-FT gene coding region. The alpha1, 2-FT gene stable high-expression cell line RMG-I-H was established by transfecting pcDNA3.1(-)-HFUT-H to ovarian cell line RMG-I. The change of alpha1, 2-FT activity in the cell line before and after the tranfection was confirmed by the determination of enzymatic activity. The changes of cell lipid and glucolipid, especially the change of type II oligosaccharide, in the cell line before and after the transfection was determined by Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) and TLC immunostaining method, respectively.The H-1 antigen and Lewis y antigen were obviously increased in the cell line RMG-1-H, especially the latter one, which was 20 times higher than before, and the type I saccharide chain Lewis b was decreased significantly. The main lipid components on the cell membrane, cholesterol and phosphatides, showed no change in the cell lines before and after the transfection, and the neutral glycolipid also showed no obvious change.The transfection of alpha1, 2-FT gene can increase the activity of alpha1, 2-FT in the cell line RMG-I and mainly increase the expression of Lewis y antigen simultaneously. The construction of RMG-I Lewis y high expression cell line provides a cell model for further study on the relationship between Lewis y antigen and biological behaviors in the ovarian cancer.

To study the inhibitory effect of anti-Lewis y monoclonal antibody on proliferation, adhesion and invasion of alpha1, 2-fucosyltransferase gene transfected human ovarian cancer cell line RMG-I-H with over-expression of Lewis y antigen in vitro.The changes of proliferation, adhesion and invasion of RMG-I-H cells in vitro were detected by cell growth assay, cell adhesive assay and cell invasive assay, respectively, with goat anti-human IgG antibody treated group or non-antibody treated group as control.The proliferation and adhesion of RMG-I-H cells were remarkably inhibited by preincubation of the tumor cells with anti-Lewis y antibody in vitro (P0.05). The growth inhibitory rate from the second day to the seventh day was 5.62%, 19.75%, 34.96%, 46.51%, 49.78% and 33.33%, respectively. The adhesion inhibitory rate at different time points (15, 30, 60 min) was 47.59%, 58.64% and 13.85%, respectively. Invasive assay with a transwell cell culture chamber showed that there were no significant differences of invasion in vitro between each concentration of the Lewis y antibody treated group and non-antibody treated group (P0.05).Anti-Lewis y antibody significantly inhibits the proliferation and adhesion of RMG-I-H cells cultured in vitro, but it has no effect on invasion, which indicates that Lewis y is associated with some biological behaviors, such as proliferation and adhesion. The antibody against Lewis y may be an effective anti-metastasis agent for the treatment of patients with ovarian cancer.