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We study incoherent diffractive dijet production in electron-nucleus deep inelastic scattering at small $x_{\rm \scriptscriptstyle Bj}$ within the Color Glass Condensate. We follow the general approach of [1] but we focus on the correlation limit, that is, when the momentum transfer $\Delta_{\perp}$ and the gluon saturation momentum $Q_s$ of the nucleus are much smaller than the individual jet momentum $P_{\perp}$. We arrive at analytic expressions for the dijet cross section, which can be written as a sum of four terms which exhibit factorization: each such term is a product between a hard factor, which includes the decay of the virtual photon to the $q\bar{q}$ pair, and a semi-hard one which involves the dipole-nucleus scattering amplitude. We further calculate the azimuthal anisotropies $\langle \cos 2 \phi \rangle$ and $\langle \cos 4 \phi \rangle$. They are of the same order in the hard momentum $P_{\perp}$, but the $\langle \cos 4 \phi \rangle$ is logarithmically suppressed due to its dependence on the semi-hard factor. Finally, in order to extend the validity of our result towards the perturbative domain, we calculate the first higher kinematic twist, i.e. the correction of relative order $\Delta_{\perp}^2/P_{\perp}^2$., Comment: 31 pages, 9 figures, 4 appendices

We develop a novel Monte Carlo parton branching algorithm based on the Gribov-Levin-Ryskin (GLR) equation. The formulations of both forward evolution and backward evolution for the GLR equation are presented. The results from the Monte Carlo implementation of the GLR equation are in full agreement with its numerical solutions. Our work thus paves the way for developing an event generator that embodies the saturation effect.

The longitudinal spin transfer represents the probability density of producing longitudinally polarized hadrons from longitudinally polarized quarks or circularly polarized gluons. It thus was usually measured in polarized reactions or high-energy collisions where weak interaction dominates. In this work, we propose the dihadron polarization correlation as a novel probe of this quantity. Such an observable does not require the fragmenting partons to be polarized and therefore can be measured in the currently available experimental facilities, such as Belle, RHIC, Tevatron, and the LHC. We make quantitative predictions for these experiments. In light of the data already harvested, the experimental investigation of this observable provides more opportunity for the quantitative study of the longitudinal spin transfer. In particular, the measurements in pp collisions can significantly constrain the fragmentation function of a circularly polarized gluon., Comment: Slightly revised. To be published in Physics Letters B

Isolated congenital alar rim defects are extremely rare, and there has been no standard technique for the reconstruction of remarkable aesthetic deformity. Herein, we introduce a trifoliate flap for the correction of isolated congenital alar rim defects in pediatric patients. Fifteen cases undergoing nasal alar sulcus rotation flap surgery were analyzed retrospectively. This rotation flap including 3 triangles was a modified flap based on prior studies. Clinical medical notes and photographs were reviewed. Patients’ (or their parents) reported satisfactions with aesthetic outcome were also evaluated during the post-operative follow-up period. In all patients, the isolated congenital alar rim defects were successfully reconstructed. The rotation flap survived and the wound healed primarily. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 22 months (average 11 months). There were no incidents of flap loss, step-off deformities, nasal obstruction, or alar retraction. At follow-up of post-operative 3 months, pale red scars were observed in the operative area in few patients (2/15). However, these scars gradually became invisible at post-operative 6 months. All patients (or their parents) were satisfied with the aesthetic outcome of this operation. This newly designed trifoliate flap can be an alternative method for the reconstruction of isolated congenital alar rim defects in pediatric patients. The scars of this procedure can be unobvious with fine surgical suture.

In Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin‐resistance‐associated response regulator (VraR) is a part of the VraSR two‐component system, which is responsible for activating a cell wall‐stress stimulon in response to an antibiotic that inhibits cell wall formation. Two VraR‐binding sites have been identified: R1 and R2 in the vraSR operon control region. However, the binding of VraR to a promoter DNA enhancing downstream gene expression remains unclear. VraR contains a conserved N‐terminal receiver domain (VraR(N)) connected to a C‐terminal DNA binding domain (VraR(C)) with a flexible linker. Here, we present the crystal structure of VraR(C) alone and in complex with R1‐DNA in 1.87‐ and 2.0‐Å resolution, respectively. VraR(C) consisting of four α‐helices forms a dimer when interacting with R1‐DNA. In the VraR(C)–DNA complex structure, Mg(2+) ion is bound to Asp194. Biolayer interferometry experiments revealed that the addition of Mg(2+) to VraR(C) enhanced its DNA binding affinity by eightfold. In addition, interpretation of NMR titrations between VraR(C) with R1‐ and R2‐DNA revealed the essential residues that might play a crucial role in interacting with DNA of the vraSR operon. The structural information could help in designing and screening potential therapeutics/inhibitors to deal with antibiotic‐resistant S. aureus via targeting VraR.

Different types of high energy hard probes are used to extract the jet transport properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma created in heavy-ion collisions, of which the heavy boson tagged jets are undoubtedly the most sophisticated due to its clean decay signature and production mechanism. In this study, we used the resummation improved pQCD approach with high order correction in the hard factor to calculate the momentum ratio $$x_J$$ x J distributions of Z and Higgs (H) tagged jets. We found that the formalism can provide a good description of the 5.02 TeV pp data. Using the BDMPS energy loss formalism, along with the OSU 2 + 1D hydro to simulate the effect of the medium, we extracted the value of the jet transport coefficient to be around $${\hat{q}}_0=4\sim 8~\text {GeV}^2/\text {fm}$$ q ^ 0 = 4 ∼ 8 GeV 2 / fm by comparing with the Z + jet PbPb experimental data. The H + jet $$x_J$$ x J distribution were calculated in a similar manner in contrast and found to have a stronger Sudakov effect as compared with the Z + jet distribution. This study uses a clean color-neutral boson as trigger to study the jet quenching effect and serves as a complimentary method in the extraction of the QGP’s transport coefficient in high energy nuclear collisions.

Background Various techniques for the aesthetic correction of short noses have been described, but the selection of the adequate graft material remains controversial. Previous reports have mainly focused on the application of septal cartilage or alloplastic materials for short nose elongation, but the lengthening effect is often unsatisfactory for severe short noses. We propose costal cartilage as an alternative treatment for short noses, describe the technique, and discuss outcomes, patient selection, and complications based on our 15-year experience. Methods From February 2004 to December 2018, 611 patients with varying degrees of short noses were included in this retrospective study. All patients underwent nose elongation surgery using a costal cartilage graft. Nasal length before and after surgery was measured based on a 3-dimensional simulation technology. Outcomes and complications including possible underlying reasons were analyzed. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a self-assessment survey. Results Nasal elongation using costal cartilage was successfully achieved, with a mean increase in nasal length of 4.06 ±0.79 mm. Patients were followed up for a period of 8.5 months on average, ranging from 6 months to 8 years. Follow-up examinations demonstrated stable results. The overall complication rate was 3.8%. Complications included infection, implant extrusion, migration, deviation, visibility, prominence, and reddening of the nasal skin. Most patients (95.2%) rated their outcome as improved and much improved. Conclusion Nasal elongation using costal cartilage grafting is an effective therapeutic approach for patients with severe short noses. Reliable outcomes and the use of autologous tissue along with minimal donor site morbidity contribute to the high patient acceptance. Meticulous surgical technique and careful patient selection are prerequisites for successful results.

We briefly report our recent progress on the study of the polarized fragmentation functions of $\Lambda$ hyperon in unpolarized semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scatterings and electron-positron annihilations at low energies. In particular, we present a simple but practical method on how to measure the azimuthal-angle-dependent longitudinal polarization and the transverse polarization inside the production plane and bridge these observables to the corresponding structure functions and fragmentation functions at the leading twist. Our work diversifies the high energy reactions that can probe the polarized fragmentation functions., Comment: Contribution to the Proceedings of the 24th International Spin Symposium (SPIN2021)

Motivated by recent experimental LHC measurements on the forward inclusive jet productions and based on our previous calculations on forward hadron productions, we calculate a single inclusive jet cross section in pA collisions at forward rapidity within the color glass condensate framework up to the next-to-leading order. Moreover, with the application of a jet algorithm and proper subtraction of the rapidity and collinear divergences, we further demonstrate that the resulting next-to-leading-order hard coefficients are finite. In addition, in order to deal with the large logarithms that can potentially spoil the convergence of the perturbative expansion and improve the reliability of the numerical predictions, we introduce the collinear jet function and the threshold jet function and resum these large logarithms hidden in the hard coefficients.

Organ fibrosis represents a vital health threat that substantially contributes to yearly mortality rates. While a considerable amount of research has been conducted on fibrosis, these reports have only focused on specific organs as affected within distinct disorders. Accordingly, results from such studies have been unable to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pathological processes involved. Here, we describe the development of FibROAD, an open-access database that integrates evidence from fibrosis-associated disorders as obtained from both the literature and multi-omics data. This resource will greatly assist both researchers and clinicians in the comprehension and treatment of this condition. FibROAD currently involves an assembly of 232 strong evidence-based fibrosis-related genes (FRGs) as garnered from 909 PubMed publications and contains lists of multi-omics data from > 4000 samples including RNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq, miRNA-seq, ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq MeDIP-seq and MBD-seq as obtained from 17 different organs in 5 species. Results from integrative analyses as obtained using FibROAD have demonstrated that FRGs can be indicators for a wide range of organ fibrosis and reveal potential pro-fibrotic candidate genes for fibrosis research. In conclusion, FibROAD serves as a convenient platform where researchers can acquire integrated evidence and a more comprehensive understanding of fibrosis-related disorders. Database URL https://www.fibroad.org

Rationale: Disturbed flow occurring in arterial branches and curvatures induces vascular endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and atherosclerosis. We postulated that disturbed flow plays important role in modulating phosphoprotein expression profiles to regulate endothelial functions and atherogenesis. Objective: The goal of this study is to discover novel site-specific phosphorylation alterations induced by disturbed flow in ECs to contribute to atherosclerosis. Methods and Results: Quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis of ECs exposed to disturbed flow with low and oscillatory shear stress (0.5±4 dynes/cm 2 ) versus pulsatile shear stress (12±4 dynes/cm 2 ) revealed that oscillatory shear stress induces phospho-YY1 S118 (serine [S]118 phosphorylation of Yin Yang 1) in ECs. Elevated phospho-YY1 S118 level in ECs was further confirmed to be present in the disturbed flow regions in experimental animals and human atherosclerotic arteries. This disturbed flow-induced EC phospho-YY1 S118 is mediated by CK2α (casein kinase 2α) through its direct interaction with YY1. Yeast 2-hybrid library screening and in situ proximity ligation assays demonstrate that phospho-YY1 S118 directly binds ZKSCAN4 (zinc finger with KRAB [krüppel-associated box] and SCAN [SRE-ZBP, CTfin51, AW-1 and Number 18 cDNA] domains 4) to induce promoter activity and gene expression of HDM2 (human double minute 2), which consequently induces EC proliferation through downregulation of p53 and p21 CIP1 . Administration of apoE-deficient ( ApoE −/− ) mice with CK2-specific inhibitor tetrabromocinnamic acid or atorvastatin inhibits atherosclerosis formation through downregulations of EC phospho-YY1 S118 and HDM2. Generation of novel transgenic mice bearing EC-specific overexpression of S118-nonphosphorylatable mutant of YY1 in ApoE −/− mice confirms the critical role of phospho-YY1 S118 in promoting atherosclerosis through EC HDM2. Conclusions: Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which disturbed flow induces endothelial phospho-YY1 S118 to promote atherosclerosis, thus indicating phospho-YY1 S118 as a potential molecular target for atherosclerosis treatment.

Background and aims Atherosclerosis preferentially develops in arterial branches and curvatures where vascular endothelium is exposed to disturbed flow. In this study, the effects of disturbed flow on the regulation of vascular endothelial phosphoproteins and their contribution to therapeutic application in atherogenesis were elucidated. Methods Porcine models, large-scale phosphoproteomics, transgenic mice, and clinical specimens were used to discover novel site-specific phosphorylation alterations induced by disturbed flow in endothelial cells (ECs). Results A large-scale phosphoproteomics analysis of native endothelium from disturbed (athero-susceptible) vs. pulsatile flow (athero-resistant) regions of porcine aortas led to the identification of a novel atherosclerosis-related phosphoprotein vinculin (VCL) with disturbed flow-induced phosphorylation at serine 721 (VCLS721p). The induction of VCLS721p was mediated by G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2)S29p and resulted in an inactive form of VCL with a closed conformation, leading to the VE-cadherin/catenin complex disruption to enhance endothelial permeability and atherogenesis. The generation of novel apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice overexpressing S721-non-phosphorylatable VCL mutant in ECs confirmed the critical role of VCLS721p in promoting atherosclerosis. The administration of a GRK2 inhibitor to ApoE−/− mice suppressed plaque formation by inhibiting endothelial VCLS721p. Studies on clinical specimens from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) revealed that endothelial VCLS721p is a critical clinicopathological biomarker for atherosclerosis progression and that serum VCLS721p level is a promising biomarker for CAD diagnosis. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that endothelial VCLS721p is a valuable hemodynamic-based target for clinical assessment and treatment of vascular disorders resulting from atherosclerosis.

Background According to Tessier classification, number 1 and number 2 craniofacial clefts involve the nasal ala. Congenital nasal cleft is not common and is difficult for reconstruction. Notches in the medial one-third of either nasal ala are typical manifestations in these patients. Herein, we introduce a alar rim triangular flap, which is indeed a local flap, for the treatment of isolated nasal cleft due to congenital deformities in pediatric patients. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study including 10 consecutive pediatric patients undergoing this surgery. This alar rim triangular flap including 2 triangles was existing nasal tissue near the cleft. The alar rim defect was covered through local tissue re-arrangement. The authors reviewed the photographs and clinical medical notes of these patients carefully. Self-reported satisfactions of patients (or children's parents) with the scar morphology and correction effect of this procedure were evaluated as well at postoperative every follow-up. Results All the cases were followed up regularly, and the average follow-up time was 22 months (ranged from 13-38 months). All the nasal clefts were reconstructed successfully. The alar rim triangular flap survived with no flap loss. The wound created by this procedure healed primarily. No alar retraction, nasal obstruction or step-off deformities were observed during postoperative follow-up. There were no patients unsatisfied with the outcome of the scar morphology and correction effect of this operation. Conclusions The newly designed alar rim triangular flap in this study can be an alternative treatment for correcting isolated congenital nasal cleft with optimal clinical outcome. Level of evidence Level 4.

In this paper, nanodiamond films (NDF) were prepared on glass substrate by screen printing with nanodiamond. The NDF was printed with two layers and treated with different surface treatments.The field emission model of nanodiamond thin film was established. Field Emission of different Ratio was studyed. The mechanism by which the field emission characteristics of nanocrystalline diamond films are improved was analyzed.

This article outlines the various processes for CNT growth. The surface morphology of carbon nanotubes on carbon nanotubes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (TEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Bifurcated carbon nanotubes were founded. Mechanism analysis was studied of bifurcated carbon nanotubes from chemical crystallization bifurcation and nonlinear dynamic bifurcation. At present, 5nm or 7nm chip fabrication is limited by quantum effects, which makes Moore's Law invalid. Bifurcated carbon nanotubes may be the development direction of new transistors.

We make a systematic study of the isospin symmetry of fragmentation functions by taking decay contributions into account. We assume the isospin symmetry in strong interactions and show that in the unpolarized case the isospin symmetry is held for fragmentation functions of $\Lambda$ and only tiny violations are allowed for other hadrons such as nucleon and pions due to the contributions from weak decays. We present a rough estimate of the magnitudes of such violations. In the polarized case, we show that the isospin symmetry violation for $\Lambda$ production should be tiny and the recent Belle data on the transverse polarization of $\Lambda$ can be reproduced if the isospin symmetry is kept in the corresponding polarized fragmentation functions., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Shear stress and cyclic stretch are mechanical forces on the vessel wall exerted by blood flow and luminal pressure. These forces regulate gene expression and function in vascular cells, including endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), thus affecting vascular biology in health and pathobiology in disease. Epigenetics refers to the study of sequence-independent heritable DNA alterations that modulate gene expression, including DNA methylation, histone modification/chromatin remodeling, and RNA-based mechanisms. Recently, the roles of mechanical force-induced epigenetic modifications in vascular gene expression and function have been intensively investigated. This chapter presents a critical concept: vascular gene expression can be mechanically modulated without DNA sequence change. By elucidating the relationship between mechanical forces and epigenetic modifications in gene expression, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and pathological status, this review provides a conceptual framework for understanding how mechanical force-induced epigenetic modifications modulate gene expression and cellular function in vascular biology in health and pathobiology in disease. This review contributes to our knowledge of how the mechanical microenvironment affects epigenetic changes in vascular cells and modulates their functions and behaviors, with the consequent modulation in vascular diseases.

$Z^0$-boson production at low transverse momentum offers an unique opportunity to explore the non-perturbative Sudakov factor. In this paper, we employ three parameterizations of the non-perturbative Sudakov factor to calculate the $\phi^*$-distribution and compare our results with the ultra precise experimental data. We extract the free parameters in each parameterization with a $\chi^2$ analysis. The parton-momentum-fraction dependence of these free parameters is also studied by comparing the values extracted at different collision energies and different rapidity ranges., Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures; slightly revised; more references added

The spin alignment of vector meson produced in high energy reactions is determined by the spin-dependent fragmentation function $D_{1LL} (z,\mu_f)$ that is shown to be independent of the polarization of the fragmenting quark. In this paper, we extract the spin-dependent fragmentation function $D_{1LL} (z,\mu_f)$ from data on the spin alignment of $K^{*0}$ in $e^+e^-$ annihilation at LEP in two different scenarios and apply them to make predictions in $pp$ collisions. We make detailed analysis of contributions from different sub-processes and show that the spin alignment should be quite significant also in high energy $pp$ collisions., Comment: 12 pages, 16 fgiures,version printed in PRD

We calculate and compare the differential cross sections for forward $Z^0$-boson production at small transverse momentum, in proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions, using both the collinear and dilute-dense factorization frameworks. In both cases, we implement a Sudakov resummation of the large logarithms generated by soft-gluon emissions, which is essential in order to describe the transverse momentum distribution of forward $Z^0$ bosons measured at the Tevatron and the LHC. We further compute the nuclear modification factor in the dilute-dense framework, hoping to single out signals of saturation effects at small values of $x$. Our predictions are compared with those obtained in the collinear factorization framework, using two different nuclear parton distribution functions., References added. Published version

Using a model based on the Color Glass Condensate framework and the dilute-dense factorization, we systematically study the azimuthal angular correlations between a heavy flavor meson and a light reference particle in proton-nucleus collisions. The obtained second harmonic coefficients (also known as the elliptic flows) for $J/\psi$ and $D^0$ agree with recent experimental data from the LHC. We also provide predictions for the elliptic flows of $\Upsilon$ and $B$ meson, which can be measured in the near future at the LHC. This work can shed light on the physics origin of the collectivity phenomenon in the collisions of small systems., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures. This work is an extension of our earlier publication 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.172302 (arXiv:1901.10320); v2 with minor updates

Using the dipole picture for electron-nucleus deep inelastic scattering at small Bjorken $x$, we study the effects of gluon saturation in the nuclear target on the cross-section for SIDIS (single inclusive hadron, or jet, production). We argue that the sensitivity of this process to gluon saturation can be enhanced by tagging on a hadron (or jet) which carries a large fraction $z \simeq 1$ of the longitudinal momentum of the virtual photon. This opens the possibility to study gluon saturation in relatively hard processes, where the virtuality $Q^2$ is (much) larger than the target saturation momentum $Q_s^2$, but such that $z(1-z)Q^2\lesssim Q_s^2$. Working in the limit $z(1-z)Q^2\ll Q_s^2$, we predict new phenomena which would signal saturation in the SIDIS cross-section. For sufficiently low transverse momenta $k_\perp\ll Q_s$ of the produced particle, the dominant contribution comes from elastic scattering in the black disk limit, which exposes the unintegrated quark distribution in the virtual photon. For larger momenta $k_\perp\gtrsim Q_s$, inelastic collisions take the leading role. They explore gluon saturation via multiple scattering, leading to a Gaussian distribution in $k_\perp$ centred around $Q_s$. When $z(1-z)Q^2\ll Q^2$, this results in a Cronin peak in the nuclear modification factor (the $R_{pA}$ ratio) at moderate values of $x$. With decreasing $x$, this peak is washed out by the high-energy evolution and replaced by nuclear suppression ($R_{pA}, 53 pages, 13 figures, 6 appendices. New appendix on double-logarithmic corrections, 2 additional figures and minor corrections. Published in JHEP