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Tumor microenvironment influences the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies. The dysfunctional tumor vasculature limits the efficiency of oxygenation and drug delivery to reduce treatment outcome. A concept of tumor vascular normalization (VN), which inhibits angiogenesis to improve vessel maturity, blood perfusion, and oxygenation, has been demonstrated under the anti-angiogenic therapy. The efficiency of drug delivery and penetration is increased by enhancing perfusion and reducing interstitial fluid pressure during the time window of VN. However, anti-angiogenic agents only induce transient VN and then prune vessels to aggravate tumor hypoxia. To repair tumor vessels without altering vessel density, we proposed to induce tumor VN by local oxygen release via oxygen microbubbles with ultrasound. With tumor perfusion enhancement under ultrasound contrast imaging tracing, the time window of VN was defined as 2-8 days after a single oxygen microbubble treatment. The enhanced tumor oxygenation after oxygen microbubble treatment inhibited hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway to improve the morphology and function of tumor vasculature. The pericyte coverage and Hoechst penetration of tumor vessels increased without any changes to the vessel density. Finally, the intratumoral accumulation of anti-cancer drug doxorubicin could be increased 3-4 folds during tumor VN. These findings demonstrate that regulating tumor oxygenation by oxygen microbubbles could normalize dysfunctional vessels to enhance vascular maturity, blood perfusion, and drug penetration. Furthermore, ultrasound perfusion imaging provides a simple and non-invasive way to detect the VN time window, which increases the feasibility of VN in clinical cancer applications.

Purpose A new tube, Metaireau tube (M-tube), was examined for its proficiency, durability, and safety for use in conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR). The frequent complications associated with this procedure and Jones tubes, such as tube migration, pyogenic granuloma, and tube obstruction, were particularly checked. Methods The study was a retrospective interventional case series conducted at a single institution between January 2009 and October 2012. An M-tube was used in 13 cases of external CDCR and four endoscopic CDCR. Ten cases were females and seven were males. Patients aged from 20 years old to 82 years old, mean 52.7 years. Six cases were complicated traumatic canalicular laceration. Five cases were replacement of lost or dislocated Jones tubes. The M-tube is flexible and slick. The tube length that remains in the nasal cavity is adjustable by scissor trimming with endoscopic observation. Results The surgery was uneventful. The tear drainage function works well when the tube is in situ . Twelve cases developed dry eye requiring artificial tear postoperatively. Nasal migration of the tube is frequently encountered in the early postoperative period (5/17, 29.4%). Reposition is easy using an endoscope. The tube is pulled out from the nose and replaced in the original tract. Mild tube extrusion occurred in one case without epiphora. Granuloma developed in one case. The follow-up took place from 2 months to 36 months, mean 21.6 months. Conclusion The M-tube is easy to use in either external or endoscopic CDCR. When dislocated, the tube is simple to reposition. Frequent follow-up in the postoperative 6 months is suggested for early detection of minor migration.

A mode-configurable filtering ΔΣ ADC is utilized as the analog baseband in a Wi-Fi 11ac direct-conversion receiver (RX). The filtering ΔΣ ADC providing both 2nd-order out-of-band filtering and 3rd-order in-band noise shaping is realized with only two opamps. A SAR-quantizer with built-in discrete-time (DT) excess-loop delay (ELD) compensation technique is also adopted. The filtering ΔΣ ADC is clocked at 480 MHz or 960 MHz and achieves 77-to-58 dB dynamic range (DR) in 10 MHz – 80 MHz bandwidth. With the aid of the filtering ability, the interferer DR at 4× bandwidth is at least 71.3 dB over modes. This work is fabricated in 28-nm low-power (LP) technology with 0.06 mm2 of active area. It consumes 3.97 mW or 6.39 mW over different clock rates, resulting a highest Schreier's FoM of 171 dB (BW20) and a best 4×-bandwidth Walden's FoM [2] of 13.3 fJ/c (BW160) among all modes.

In this letter, an 80 GHz push-push VCO with a gm-boosted full-wave rectification pair for W-band (75 to 110 GHz) applications is presented. Incorporating a gm-boosted push-push pair as a full-wave rectifier not only increases second-harmonic swing but also operates at low power consumption. Besides, the distributed LC-tank structure helps to further split the parasitic capacitances of buffers and then the push-push pair can extend the frequency tuning range effectively. The push-push VCO is implemented in 90 nm CMOS technology , and it achieves a tuning range of 3.4% and phase noise of -104.2 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset. The core area is 0.3 × 0.21 mm2, and the power consumption is 2.66 mW from a 1.4 V supply voltage excluding buffers.

In this paper, the design of an 85-GHz injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) with a current-reuse pre-amplifier is presented. Utilizing a current-reuse pre-amplifier can efficiently increase the input frequency locking range without extra power consumption. The divider is implemented in 90-nm CMOS technology for W-band (75 to 110 GHz) applications. The core area is 0.31×0.21 mm2, and the measured operation range is 78 ∼ 90.6 GHz. The center frequency is 85 GHz and the locking range is 14.8%. The power is 2.33 mW excluding buffers from a 1.2 V supply voltage.