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Sustainable behaviour promotes pro-ecological behaviour and is a practice of consuming and utilizing resources responsibly. The ongoing COVID-19-induced pandemic has already put economic, social and psychological distress across the globe. Meanwhile, it has become vital to think of issues related to the sustainable management of resources. Behavioural norms play a prominent role while promoting sustainable living. This research examines how the sustainable dimension in one’s behaviour influences the decision-making in their daily life. Previous studies have shown the importance of sub-factors like happiness, diversity constraint and frugal actions as factors affecting sustainable behaviour. These indicators mainly define the action one will choose to react to while buying and consuming different resources. The study identifies happiness as the mediating variable which influences the relationship between the predictor variables—mindfulness and diversity acceptance and the criterion variable—frugality-linked sustainable behaviour. With a sample of 324 participants, Baron and Kenny’s mediation model was outlined to test the mediation. Results showed a positive relationship between frugality, diversity, mindfulness and happiness. Happiness was found to be mediating between mindfulness, diversity acceptance and frugality-linked sustainable behaviour indicating that mindfulness and diversity acceptance alone have limited potential to impact the frugality-linked sustainable approach that individuals take. Happiness, as explained through a positive frame of mind, plays a very important role in enhancing sustainability behaviour.

Background: Hyponatremia, dened as a serum sodium concentration 0.05). The odds of complications (including death) was 2.91 times in the cases with hyponatremia as compared to cases with normal serum sodium levels, 2.47 times in the cases with mild hyponatremia as compared to cases with normal serum sodium levels, 3.42 times in the cases with moderate hyponatremia as compared to cases with normal serum sodium levels and 25 times in the cases severe hyponatremia as compared to cases with normal serum sodium levels. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the severity of MI is more in cases with hyponatremia and hyponatremia is associated with poorer outcomes in terms of complications post MI and mortality.

Appointment no-shows in clinics can adversely impact patients and physicians alike. This study aimed to determine the rate and potential causes of missed appointments in oculoplastic clinics and compare a private practice and hospital-based academic setting.A retrospective review of patients who booked appointments for oculoplastic consultation, between August 2019 and January 2020 at two oculoplastic clinics was performed. Demographic and patient-specific characteristics of patients who failed to attend their appointment were identified. Data were analysed to determine and compare the no-show rates in both clinics and logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with them.The rate of missed appointments was 3% and 17% at the oculoplastic clinics of Lions Eye Institute (LEI, private practice) and Albany Medical Center (AMC, academic hospital-based office), respectively. Patients at the AMC clinic were more likely to be male, younger, have a lower household income, not carry private insurance, and suffer from trauma. Logistic regression analysis showed lower patient age to significantly increase the likelihood of no-shows in both clinics (The no-show rate for oculoplastic appointments is 3% and 17% at LEI and AMC clinics, respectively. Our analysis shows that younger patients are more likely to miss appointments at both clinics, and an appointment lead time greater than 90 days is a significant risk factor for no-shows at LEI.

Statement of the Problem:In today’s era there has been a tremendous change in the doctor patient’s relationship leading to litigationswhich the medical and dental professionals have to face in their day to day practice. This trend is very disturbing and doctors find themselves standing on crossroads, as to how to proceed with patient’s treatment and care. Thus it is vital that all doctors and healthcare workers should be aware of the medical ethics and law. Purpose:The present study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of dental professionals practicing in India towards the awareness of medicolegal aspects. Materials and Method: In the present study, a self-administered closed-ended questionnaire was designed to conduct a cross-sectional study. It was distributed among 1077 dentists in various states of India. The questionnaire comprised 26 questions regarding knowledge and attitude of dentists towards awareness of medicolegal aspects. Frequency distribution and chi-square test along with paired t-test were used to compare the data obtained between the BDS and MDS dentists along with comparision on the basis of their age group and years of experience.

Microarray gene expression data is used to understand the actions of thousands of genes. Just a few genes out of thousands have a significant impact in any cancer process. Finding these defective genes using experimental data is impractical. To locate the relevant genes, computational techniques are required. A method to identifying cancer candidate genes from microarray data is created. Clustering of similar genes is necessary to find co-expressed genes in different biological conditions. It is important to develop methods to find the few candidate genes for cancer. An optimization process is used for such purpose. A genetic algorithm employs the principles of evolution: selection, recombination, and mutation to solve an optimization problem. Mutual information is used to find the dependency between genes. The two genes are similar if their expression levels are comparable. The similarity as well as positive and negative correlations between genes is considered while clustering them. Interdependence measure tells how the genes are correlated. The genes responsible for a sick state have higher interdependence measures. These genes are defective genes having cancer diagnostic information. Here microarray gene expression datasets from gastric cancer and colon cancer from the public domain are considered.

"Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity," states the World Health Organization. So the three components of health are 'Physical', 'mental', and 'Social' Well-being. It means that mental health is one of the important components of human life. A mentally healthy person realizes his or her abilities and can work with an outcome of fruitfulness and productivity, coping with the stress of life and contributing his or her efforts in favor of a society in all aspects. In simple words, we can say that mental health is a state of balance between the individual and the surrounding world. A person is suspected to be suffering from mental illness, if he/she behaves abnormally or in a strange manner, maybe he/she is very quiet and does not talk or mix with people. In mental illness, a person does not know his/her needs or problems, or goals. If a person is abnormally suspicious, unusually cheerful, crying without any reason, or harms him/her or others, then it is a red sign of mental illness. On the other hand, a mentally stable person is free from internal conflict, has a sense of self-respect, is well-adjusted, can solve problems, and at the same time has the power of dealing with stress and anxiety. In Aphorism 210-230, in Organon of Medicine, Dr. Hahnemann, Father of Homoeopathy, discussed mental disease. Dr. Hahnemann stated that the mind and body are under the control of the same vital force, so cannot be separated, so derangement of vital force which is observed more in the mental plane is a mental disease. There is a visible alteration in the mind, disposition, temperament, intellect, etc. Mental diseases are one-sided diseases that manifest most of their symptoms through the mind. Even in every proven drug in Homoeopathic Materia Medica, mental symptoms of thought, feeling, affection, intellect, and memory are found which reflects the whole mental picture of the drug. So the derangement of vital force is observed in the mental plane of a person followed by the derangement of vital force in the physical plane. Even in Homoeopathic prescription, the selection of the remedy, 'Similimum' depends upon mental symptoms including mind, disposition, temperament, intellect, memory, will, thoughts, etc. Dr. Stuart Close says "Statements or observations that reflect a man's state of mind, his moods, his passions, his fears, his desires, and aversion are all generals because they express the man himself and not merely some part or organ". The mind is the man, a true drug picture, so acquired a first-grade symptom in case taking., {"references":["1.\thttps://www.who.int>.....>Detail","2.\thttps://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki","3.\thttps//www.healthline.com>health","4.\tSuryakantha, A. H. (2009). Community Medicine:(with Recent Advances). Jaypee Bros..","5.\tPark, K. (2015). Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine. 23rd. Jabalpur, India: Banrsidas Bhanot.","6.\tClose, S. (1981). The genius of homoeopathy: lectures and essays on homoeopathic philosophy. In The genius of homoeopathy: lectures and essays on homoeopathic philosophy. B Jain Publishers."]}

How gene expression is controlled to preserve human T cell quiescence is poorly understood. Here we show that non-canonical splicing variants containing long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE1) enforce naive CD4+ T cell quiescence. LINE1-containing transcripts are derived from CD4+ T cell-specific genes upregulated during T cell activation. In naive CD4+ T cells, LINE1-containing transcripts are regulated by the transcription factor IRF4 and kept at chromatin by nucleolin; these transcripts act in cis, hampering levels of histone 3 (H3) lysine 36 trimethyl (H3K36me3) and stalling gene expression. T cell activation induces LINE1-containing transcript downregulation by the splicing suppressor PTBP1 and promotes expression of the corresponding protein-coding genes by the elongating factor GTF2F1 through mTORC1. Dysfunctional T cells, exhausted in vitro or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), accumulate LINE1-containing transcripts at chromatin. Remarkably, depletion of LINE1-containing transcripts restores TIL effector function. Our study identifies a role for LINE1 elements in maintaining T cell quiescence and suggests that an abundance of LINE1-containing transcripts is critical for T cell effector function and exhaustion.

Folding eukaryotic DNA by chromatin is a vital process necessary for the proper function of DNA. This is achieved by the fundamental unit of chromatin, known as a nucleosome. The position of a nucleosome and its interaction with DNA plays a crucial role in regulating the vital processes involved in DNA function. Factors such as variations in nucleosome and its core structure and histone fold variations will help to understand nucleosome functions and their role in DNA replication, transcription, translation, posttranslational modifications, re-combinations and repair. The present review focuses on recent findings in understanding the variations in the structure and functions of nucleosomes across eukaryotes. Variations in the nucleosome organization and its assembly have also been discussed by stating the contribution of histone binding factors and chromatin assembly factors.

It is well documented that the microbes found in soil are key drivers of various environmental processes such as nutrient cycling, soil formation and production of key enzymes and metabolites. There is a possibility of infinite number of microbes being buried in the layers of soil that formed over timescales of hundreds and thousands of years. However, there are few studies till date which correlate the depth and physicochemical properties of soil with the microbial population inhabiting that soil. In this study, an investigation of eleven samples along a 100 cm vertical section of soil from Lam Pokhari Lake, Eastern Himalayas, India was done by Sanger sequencing and Field emission scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS). Further, the distribution of culturable bacteria and fungi was studied. Bacteria belonging to four different phyla- Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Beta-proteobacteria and Gamma-proteobacteria were present in the soil samples as inferred from 16s rDNA gene sequencing. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequencing revealed the presence of fungi belonging to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Lastly, the particle size was obtained and the homogeneity of the samples was assessed by FESEM and imaging. EDS was used for obtaining the composition of seventeen elements in the soil samples. The weight percentage of oxygen and silicon was the highest in all the samples. Each sample showed a characteristic microbial distribution, particle size and elemental profile, which validated the use of a multidisciplinary approach to study soil samples.

To determine the accuracy of using the suspicious features of periorbital lesions-telangiectasias, madarosis, and ulceration-to identify basal cell carcinoma (BCC). This may impact whether a histopathologic confirmation is always necessary.This retrospective review of patients who underwent biopsy of eyelid lesions was conducted over a five-year period, between 2015 and 2020 at a single clinical site. Specifically, the histopathologic diagnosis and the presence or absence of clinical signs of madarosis, ulceration and telangiectasia were recorded. The positive predictive value (PPV) for eyelid BCC and odds ratio of each of these clinical signs was calculated.179 patients underwent incisional biopsies of eye lid lesions. Of the 79 patients with eyelid BCC, 96% had ulceration, 95% had madarosis, and 75% had telangiectasias over the lid lesion; this contrasted with the 3%, 4% and 6% respectively in the 100 patients with benign lid lesions. The PPV for eyelid BCC of ulceration was 95.0%, madarosis was 96.2% and telangiectasias was 90.8%. The presence of two or all three signs in a patient was strongly predictive of BCC (PPV=100%).The presence of two or more suspicious features almost ensures the accuracy of the suspected diagnosis of a BCC. This suggests that biopsy of eyelid lesions before complete surgical excision that demonstrate several defining features may not be necessary in all cases. However, lesions that do not demonstrate multiple explicit features that indicate a malignancy will still require histopathologic confirmation.

Keratin 8/18, the predominant keratin pair of simple epithelia, is known to be aberrantly expressed in several squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), where its expression is often correlated with increased invasion, neoplastic progression, and poor prognosis. The majority of keratin 8/18 structural and regulatory functions are governed by posttranslational modifications, particularly phosphorylation. Apart from filament reorganization, cellular processes including cell cycle, cell growth, cellular stress, and apoptosis are known to be orchestrated by K8 phosphorylation at specific residues in the head and tail domains. Even though deregulation of K8 phosphorylation at two significant sites (Serine73 /Serine431 ) has been implicated in neoplastic progression of SCCs by various in vitro studies, including ours, it is reported to be highly context-dependent. Therefore, to delineate the precise role of Kereatin 8 phosphorylation in cancer initiation and progression, we have developed the tissue-specific transgenic mouse model expressing Keratin 8 wild type and phosphodead mutants under Keratin 14 promoter. Subjecting these mice to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-mediated skin carcinogenesis revealed that Keratin 8 phosphorylation may lead to an early onset of tumors compared to Keratin 8 wild-type expressing mice. Conclusively, the transgenic mouse model developed in the present study ascertained a positive impact of Keratin 8 phosphorylation on the neoplastic transformation of skin-squamous cells.

Child abuse is a globally prevalent phenomenon. The child may face abuse which can be physical, emotional, sexual or in the form of neglect. It is the violation of the basic human rights of a child. Root cause of abuse can be family problems, social, psychological or economic causes. It can lead to serious physical and psychological consequences which adversely affect not only the health but also the mind and soul of a child, scarring him or her for lifetime. Children form the vulnerable section of the society in the time of pandemics. With the current COVID situation at hand they are at a higher danger of being maltreated. It is important for us to realize that as dentists we have an indispensable role, duty and obligation to assist in the struggle against child abuse by identifying and reporting it so that it can be curbed from our society.

Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is a degenerative disorder of the cornea characterized by decreased sensory innervation, epitheliopathy, and impaired epithelial healing. In this study, we assessed ocular pain and quality-of-life-related parameters in ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD) patients with and without NK.We included 213 oGVHD patients in this retrospective study, including 29 patients with NK assessed by the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. We evaluated their records for ocular pain assessment survey (OPAS) scores and clinical parameters, including corneal sensation, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score, Schirmer's test, tear break-up time (TBUT), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score.oGVHD patients with NK had lower corneal sensation (3.4 ± 1.4 vs. 5.9 ± 0.3; p 0.0001), higher CFS scores (6.4 ± 4.2 vs. 4.7 ± 4.0; p = 0.01), and lower TBUT scores (1.2 ± 2.1 vs. 2.2 ± 3.1; p = 0.08) compared to oGVHD patients without NK and additionally had significantly higher ocular pain intensity scores (OPAS 24-h average eye pain intensity: 2.0 ± 2.8 vs. 1.1 ± 1.9; p = 0.03). Patients with NK more commonly reported burning (0.2 ± 0.3 vs. 0.3 ± 0.4; p = 0.021) and sensitivity to light (0.2 ± 0.3 vs. 0.3 ± 0.4; p = 0.049) as compared to patients without NK.Clinical signs of ocular surface disease are worse in oGVHD patients with NK compared to oGVHD patients without NK. These patients additionally experience higher intensity ocular pain and lower quality-of-life-related parameters.

PURPOSE: To examine the retention rates and efficacy of silicone punctal plugs for the treatment of dry eye disease (DED) in patients with ocular graft-versus-host-disease (oGVHD) in comparison to dry eye disease due to non-oGVHD etiologies. METHODS: We reviewed the case-records of 864 consecutive patients with DED who were symptomatic despite topical therapy and had silicone punctal plugs placed over an eight-year- period at a single academic center. We compared plug retention rates in oGVHD and non-oGVHD DED patients using Kaplan-Meier analyses. Furthermore, we analyzed changes in objective ocular surface parameters including tear breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer’s test, and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score in plug-retaining patients at two-, six- and twelve-month follow-up. RESULTS: Median age of dry eye patients was 58 years, and 606 (70%) of patients were women. In the cohort, 264(31%) patients were diagnosed with oGVHD. Plug retention was significantly lower in oGVHD-DED patients compared to non-oGVHD-DED patients (p

Purpose To establish the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for persistent corneal epithelial defects (PED) in patients with chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD) and to determine visual outcomes after healing. Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods A chart review was conducted of patients in whom chronic oGVHD was diagnosed between January 2011 and December 2018 and their demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. Data were analyzed to determine prevalence of PED, and multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the risk factors associated with it. Results A total of 405 patients at a mean age of 60 ± 13 years in whom chronic oGVHD was diagnosed; 58% were men. The prevalence of PED was 8.1%. The median time for PED development after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was approximately 24 months. Median time to PED resolution was 4.5 weeks after starting therapy. The mean best-corrected visual acuity declined by 2 lines post-PED resolution. The prevalence rates of corneal ulcer and perforation were 6.2% and 4.0%, respectively, over 8 years. Logistic regression analysis, used to determine factors associated with PED, showed diabetes (P = .006), limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) (P = .02), filamentary keratitis (P = .02), subconjunctival fibrosis (P = .02), and a higher National Institutes of Health (NIH) oGVHD score (P = .01) were significant risk factors for PED development. Conclusions The study found the prevalence rate of PED, corneal ulceration, and corneal perforation in chronic oGVHD to be 8.1%, 6.2%, and 4%, respectively. Analysis showed that oGVHD patients with diabetes, LSCD, filamentary keratitis, subconjunctival fibrosis, and a high NIH score were at higher risk of developing severe corneal disease.

Microarray gene expression data provides a simultaneous gene expression profile of thousands of genes. A handful of genes among the thousands of genes play dominant roles in a disease process. It is impractical to find these faulty genes from experimental data. A computational approach is necessary to find the key genes and hence it is an important area of research in bioinformatics. A new algorithm is developed in this work to identify the candidate genes of a cancer from microarray gene expression data. Gene clustering enables identification of co-expressed genes in specified biological conditions. Many algorithms have inherent limitations to understand the accurate information. This model is a hybrid of clustering algorithm and genetic. A genetic algorithm utilizes the three biological principles of evolution, such as selection, recombination, and mutation to solve an optimization problem. An interdependence measure between the genes is based on a metric which can be mutual information. In many conventional algorithms, a Euclidean genetic distance measure is used. This is basically the difference between gene expression values. Genes are similar if their expressions levels are very close. Similarity of the gene expression levels, and also positive and negative correlations between the genes are taken into account while clustering them. This property is used in mutual information which introduces a parameter called interdependence measure. This says roughly how the two genes are correlated. The genes having higher interdependence measures are the top candidate genes responsible for a diseased state. These top genes are believed to be faulty genes that contain the most diagnostic information for cancer. An analysis is done on gastric cancer, colon cancer, and brain cancer microarray gene expression datasets to pinpoint the faulty genes. In comparison with many existing computational tools, the top candidate genes found by this evolutionary computational model, are able to classify the known samples into cancerous and normal ones with high accuracy. The new model called as evolutionary clustering algorithm also creates more even-like distribution of genes in the clusters. Furthermore, the present computational tool is more coherent in clustering the genes having large differences in their expression values. This information-theoretic computational method can be potentially applied to the big data analysis from other sources.

Plasma cell dyscrasias are a wide range of severe monoclonal gammopathies caused by pre-malignant or malignant plasma cells that over-secrete an abnormal monoclonal antibody. These disorders are associated with various systemic findings, including ophthalmological disorders. A search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane databases was performed in March 2021 to examine evidence pertaining to ocular complications in patients diagnosed with plasma cell dyscrasias. This review outlines the ocular complications associated with smoldering multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, plasmacytomas, multiple myeloma, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, systemic amyloidosis, Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal gammopathy and Skin changes (POEMS) syndrome, and cryoglobulinemia. Although, the pathological mechanisms are not completely elucidated yet, wide-ranging ocular presentations have been identified over the years, evolving both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Moreover, the presenting symptoms also help in early diagnosis in asymptomatic patients. Therefore, it is imperative for the treating ophthalmologist and oncologist to maintain a high clinical suspicion for identifying the ophthalmological signs and diagnosing the underlying disease, preventing its progression through efficacious treatment strategies.

Pyogenic granuloma is an acquired, benign, common, non-neoplastic, and vascular reactive lesion, occurring in the oral cavity. It is a localized granulation tissue overgrowth symbolizing an exuberant tissue reaction to a trauma or local irritation. Regardless the name, the condition is not accompanied with pus discharge or formation of granuloma; therefore, the term “pyogenic granuloma” is a misnomer. It shows a striking predilection for gingiva though it may occur extragingivally on the tongue, lips, buccal mucosa, or palate. Herein, we describes a case report of pyogenic granuloma at an uncommon location on the upper lip in a male patient aged 40 years.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with corneal perforation in patients with chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD). Methods: We reviewed the case records of 405 patients diagnosed with chronic oGVHD over 8 years at a single academic center and assessed the prevalence of corneal perforation in the cohort. We reviewed patient demographics, indication for and type of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), time elapsed between HSCT and perforation, and clinical characteristics including oGVHD severity scores, ocular comorbidities, and topical medications at the time of perforation. Data were analyzed to determine the characteristics of patients with corneal perforation and establish the risk factors. Results: Of the 405 patients with chronic oGVHD, 15 (3.7%) developed a corneal perforation. The mean age of patients at the time of perforation was 64 +/- 11 years and 10 (67%) were men. The median time to corneal perforation was 3.3 years post-HSCT. Although perforation occurred unilaterally in all cases, 44% had epithelial defects and 38% had stromal abnormalities in the contralateral eye. Of the patients with corneal perforation, 9 (60%) had a National Institute of Health oGVHD severity score of 2 and 6 (40%) had a score of 3. Patients with chronic oGVHD on antiglaucoma drops had a significantly higher risk of corneal perforation (P < 0.001). Conclusions Corneal perforation is a rare but vision-threatening complication of chronic oGVHD. Our study emphasizes the need for frequent and long-term follow-up of patients with oGVHD regardless of the severity of disease. In particular, patients with chronic oGVHD on topical antiglaucoma medications should be monitored closely due to a higher risk for corneal perforation.

Despite increasing insights in genome structure organization, the role of DNA repetitive elements, accounting for more than two thirds of the human genome, remains elusive. Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is associated with deletion of D4Z4 repeat array below 11 units at 4q35.2. It is known that the deletion alters chromatin structure in cis, leading to gene up-regulation. Here we show a genome-wide role of 4q-D4Z4 array in modulating gene expression via 3D nuclear contacts. We have developed an integrated strategy of 4q-D4Z4–specific 4C-seq and chromatin segmentation analyses, showing that 4q-D4Z4 3D interactome and chromatin states of interacting genes are impaired in FSHD1 condition; in particular, genes that have lost the 4q-D4Z4 interaction and with a more active chromatin state are enriched for muscle atrophy transcriptional signature. Expression level of these genes is restored by the interaction with an ectopic 4q-D4Z4 array, suggesting that the repeat directly modulates the transcription of contacted targets. Of note, the up-regulation of atrophic genes is a common feature of several FSHD1 and FSHD2 patients, indicating that we have identified a core set of deregulated genes involved in FSHD pathophysiology.

High-throughput screening (HTS) is a present-day approach for assaying thousands of cultures in parallel. This miniaturization allows rapid screening of large number of microorganims capable of producing bio-based materials thereby meeting the demands of the ever evolving food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. In this study, agar-based assays for phosphate solubilization, cellulose degradation and lactic acid production were developed in 96-well microplates using Biomek FX

This paper describes the design, development and measured results of space grade medium power balanced amplifier at S Band. The amplifier is designed using discrete bipolar junction transistor as an active device. It provides desired in-band response at 3200 ± 40 MHz with flatness of 0.29 dB, 19.87 dB gain at P1 dB compression and input output return loss better than 19.4 dB. Balanced amplifier topology is used to meet the gain, power and derating requirement of the amplifier circuit. The amplifier has been characterized over temperature range from -15°C to 55°C.

In this chapter, the authors take a walkthrough in BCI technology. At first, they took a closer look into the kind of waves that are being generated by our brain (i.e., the EEG and ECoG waves). In the next section, they have discussed about patients affected by CLIS and ALS-CLIS and how they can be treated or be benefitted using BCI technology. Visually evoked potential-based BCI technology has also been thoroughly discussed in this chapter. The application of machine learning and deep learning in this field are also being discussed with the need for feature engineering in this paradigm also been said. In the final section, they have done a thorough literature survey on various research-related to this field with proposed methodology and results.

Background: Our academic performance can differ due various to non academic factors namely, self motivation and mind stability where peace of mind plays a pivotal role; self confidence after any kind of set back, environment and financial pressure, family support, and capability of an individual to make a combat. These nonacademic factors may lead to stress affecting our academic performance. Objective: Inthispaper,weaimtoassess the academicfactorsaffect our academic performance. Methods: The paper is modeled on survey performed on college students and depending upon their responses related to these non-academicfactors. We have carried out the work through statistical analysis and machine learning algorithms. Density bases Clustering algorithm is being used to cluster similar kind of performance and analyze how the factors differ from each other. Moreover we also presented a comparative study between academic parameters such as attendance, interest in subject and travelling time in comparison to such non academic performances. A rough set is also being created comprising the parameterswhichgivesthebestresultamongthestudents. Results: Proposed algorithm based on RST outplayed the accuracy of current models which is existing, there is a sharp drop in RMSE value for the parameters chosen in reduct dataset rather than whole dataset. Conclusion: Our proposed model’s accuracy overshadows the current analyzing model.

Aloevera has been in used by humans since times immemorial. Its health benefits are well known. AncientGreeks and Egyptians used it in their daily routine and in battle fields due to its many miraculous properties.Studies have proved the antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-fungal and wound healing propertiesof aloe vera plant. Recently it has garnered a lot of interest regarding its use in dentistry as it is completelynatural and there are no side effects reported with proper usage. This paper gives an overview of the uses ofthis wonder plant in various departments of dentistry

Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) is a global concern. In common parlance BMW means any waste generatedin the process of diagnosis, treatment, immunization and research related to human beings and animals.Due to improper or poor waste management practicesa huge risk is posed to the health of public, patients,professionals and also cause environmental disturbance. The Union Ministry of Environment and Forestsunder the provision of Environment [protection] act, 1986 which brought the focus back on this issue. Theserules apply to all the people who are connected to generation, collection, receiving, storage, transportationand handling or biomedical waste in any form. This article aims to highlight the categories, segregation andmanagement protocols by various government and non- government organizations and spread knowledgeabout the same

Bacteriophages are known for a century but their use in therapy to cure bacterial infection is still unknown. The working on bacteriophage investigation started about a century ago with their discovery by the English microbiologist Twort in 1915. The continuous growth of resistance in bacteria for various diseases and infections has caused renewing in bacteriophage therapy against bacterial infections. Lytic bacteriophages are those bacteriophages that can kill bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics by the end of their lytic cycle. Bacteriophages use proteins for the lysis of bacteria, termed as the Holin-lysin system. Research is going on globally on therapeutic uses of bacteriophages as less is known about phage therapy to combat bacterial diseases and infections. This therapy has attracted many scientists as difficulty in curing bacterial infection is at the peak. This difficulty is arising mainly in antibiotic-resistance bacteria in contemporary medicine.

Introduction: In the working age population, Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) is the most common cause of visual loss. Purpose: The present study is aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab (IVR) versus intravitreal Dexamethasone implant (IVD) in patients with DME in a tertiary care centre upto 4 months. Methods: This is a comparative, prospective, randomized study that was done on 140 patients with macular edema confirmed on optical coherence tomography (OCT). IVD group received Ozurdex® (Allergan, Inc, Ireland) while the IVR group received Lucentis® (Novartis, Basel, Switzerland); the groups were followed up at day-1 and weeks 4, 8, 12, 16. Patients were divided into Group A, in which patients were given 3 doses (monthly) of IVR 0.3 mg in 0.05 ml (n=70). Group B patients were given a single dose of IVD implant 0.7 mg (n=70). Results: The mean number of injections given was 1 Ozurdex® per patient vs. 3 Lucentis® per patient. The maximum reduction in central macular thickness (CMT) with IVD was 167.8 μm and 138.8μm in the 2nd and 3rd months, respectively, with IVR. The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the 4th month was 0.34 logMAR and 0.33 logMAR, in IVD and IVR groups, respectively, with consistent improvement. Patients with 0-5 letters, 6-10 letters and 10-15 letters, and >15 letters visibility in IVD group were 9.5, 20.6, 4.8, 6.4%, and 20.4, 18.8, 20.3 20.3% in IVR groups, respectively. The maximum intraocular pressure (IOP) rise with IVD was found to be 16 mmHg in 2 patients (3.17%). IOP rise >10 mmHg was observed in 14/63 patients (22.22%); the majority of patients indicated a high rise at 2nd month with all returning to baseline by 4th month. No reports of infectious endophthalmitis or new cataracts were detected in either of the treated groups. Conclusion: Both intravitreal Ranibizumab injection and Dexamethasone implants were found to be safe and effective in lowering CMT and improving BCVA at the 4-month follow up in patients with DME. Since there was no recurrence of CMT in the Dexamethasone implant group, we suggest that early administration before the 4th month may indicate superior efficacy over the ranibizumab injection. Further randomized trials in a large sample size with a longer period follow- up would be performed to justify the obtained results in the present study.