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The utilization of back-propagation neural network in identification of internal dynamics of chaotic motion is found appropriate. However, during its training through Rumelhart algorithm, it is found that, a high learning rate (α) leads to rapid learning but the weights may oscillate, while a lower value of 'α' leads to slower learning process in weight updating formula Δvjk = αδjxi Momentum factor (μ) is to accelerate the convergence of error during the training in the equation wjk(t+1) = wjk(t) + αδkzj + μ{wjk(t) - wjk(t - 1)} vjk(t+1) = vjk(t) + αδkz + μ{vjk(t) - vjk(t-1) while transfer function sigmoid f(x) = 1/1+e-δx+n. It is the most complicated and experimental task to identify optimum value of 'α' and 'μ' during the training. To identiαy optimum value of 'α' and 'μ', firstly the network is trained with 10³ epochs under different values of 'α' in the close interval 0 < α <1 and μ = 1. At α = 0.3the convergence of initial weights and minimization of error (i.e., mean square error) process is found appropriate. Afterwards to find optimum value of μ, the network was trained again with α = 0.3 (fixed) and with different values of μ in the close interval 0 <μ < 1 for 10³ epochs. It was observed that the convergence of initial weights and minimization of error was appropriate with α = 0.3 and μ = 0.9. On this optimum value of α and μ the network was trained successfully from local minima of error = 1.67029292416874E-03 at 10³ epochs to global minima of error = 4.99180426869658E-04 at 15 105 epochs. At the global minima, the network has exhibited excellent performance in identification of internal dynamics of chaotic motion and in prediction of future values by past recorded data series. These essentials are presented through this research paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The particle aspect approach is adopted to investigate the trajectories of charged particles in the electromagnetic field of kinetic Alfven wave. Expressions are found for the dispersion relation, damping rate and associated currents in homogenous plasma. Kinetic effects of electrons and ions are included to study kinetic Alfven wave because both are important in the transition region. It is found that the ratio β of electron thermal energy density to magnetic field energy density and the ratio of ion to electron thermal temperature (T i/T e) affect the dispersion relation, damping-rate and associated currents in both cases (warm and cold electron limits). The treatment of kinetic Alfven wave instability is based on the assumption that the plasma consists of resonant and non-resonant particles. The resonant particles participate in an energy exchange process, whereas the non-resonant particles support the oscillatory motion of the wave. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article focuses on a Caribbean case study of water resources and food security. It shows the need for policymakers to come to terms with the realities of virtual water imports and the impending food insecurity, and thereby give high priority to the expansion and improvement of the irrigation infrastructure in the contemporary planning of the island's water resources. The neglect of agriculture in Trinidad has deep historical roots, which go back to the days of the transatlantic slave trade and the sugar cane plantations between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. It may also be noted that the island's topography, in its central and southwestern plains, permits mechanized rice production.

Presents a medical case of a woman suffering from pain in the abdomen. Performance of Barium Meal Examination in the abdomen which showed dilated stomach with filling defect towards the pylorus; Detection of a perforation in the pyloric region of the stomach and contamination of the peritoneal cavity by barium; Administration of omentopexy to close the perforation.

Objective: This article aimed to study the various treatment options according to the grading scale for penile incarceration. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review, of all the case files of patients presented with penile incarceration with encircling metallic object was performed. The patients were analyzed for age, marital status, motive, object used, who applied it, trauma grade, duration of incarceration, removal technique, removal time, anesthesia used and recovery time. Result: A total of seven patients were identified. The average age was 46.71 years. Self-sexual gratification was the most common motive (five patients). Six patients presented within 24 hours. Grade II of injury was commonest type of injury seen in five patients. The technique of removal chosen was according to grade of penile injury, duration of incarceration and type of object used. Spinal anesthesia was used in most of the cases (five patients). Conclusion: Penile incarceration with encircling metallic objects is a rare presentation and requires urgent intervention according to trauma grade to prevent complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice ecosystem of Chattisgarh can be divided into three major farming situations such as low-land, mid-land and up-land. In the present investigation, two farming situations of rice viz, mid-land and low-land were selected to evaluate the production potential of spices like-coriander, fenugreek and black cumin over traditionally grown crop chickpea during the rainy and winter season of year 2003 and 2004. The result revaled that, in general, the chickpea equivalaent yield was found higher in mid-land situation than low-land situation. Total net income of rice-spice croppping system was higher under mid-land farming situation than low-land farming situation. Among the crops, rice fenugreek gave maximum net returns in both the cropping system followed by black cumin and coriander crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bezoars are conglomerates of food or fiber in the alimentary tract of humans and certain animals, mainly ruminants. A trichobezoar represents a mass of accumulated hair. Trichobezoars may present as an isolated gastric mass, as an extension into the small intestine, or as an independent fragmented mass in the small intestine. The presence of discrete coexisting gastric and ileal trichobezoars has been reported only rarely in the literature. This is a case report of a 10-year-old girl presenting with small-bowel obstruction secondary to synchronous trichobezoars in the stomach and ileum. The case highlights the role of imaging and importance of complete evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract at the time of surgical evacuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]