Search

Analysis of programming process data has become popular in computing education research and educational data mining in the last decade. This type of data is quantitative, often of high temporal resolution, and it can be collected non-intrusively while the student is in a natural setting. Many levels of granularity can be obtained, such as submission, compilation, edit, and keystroke events, with keystroke-level logs being the most fine-grained of commonly used dataset types. However, the lack of open datasets, especially at the keystroke level, is notable. There are several reasons for this failing, with the most prominent being the challenges of deidentification that are peculiar to keystroke log data. In this paper, we present the public release of two fully deidentified keystroke datasets that are the first of their kind in terms of both event and metadata richness. We describe our collection technique and properties of the data along with deidentification techniques that, while not fully relieving researchers of significant effort, at least reduce and streamline manual work in hopes that researchers will release similar datasets in the future.

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) stimulates oncogenic transcriptional pathways in cancer and CDK9 inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutic candidates. Methods: The activity of an orally bioavailable CDK9 inhibitor, CDKI-73, was evaluated in prostate cancer cell lines, a xenograft mouse model, and patient-derived tumor explants and organoids. Expression of CDK9 was evaluated in clinical specimens by mining public datasets and immunohistochemistry. Effects of CDKI-73 on prostate cancer cells were determined by cell-based assays, molecular profiling and transcriptomic/epigenomic approaches. Results: CDKI-73 inhibited proliferation and enhanced cell death in diverse in vitro and in vivo models of androgen receptor (AR)-driven and AR-independent models. Mechanistically, CDKI-73-mediated inhibition of RNA polymerase II serine 2 phosphorylation resulted in reduced expression of BCL-2 anti-apoptotic factors and transcriptional defects. Transcriptomic and epigenomic approaches revealed that CDKI-73 suppressed signaling pathways regulated by AR, MYC, and BRD4, key drivers of dysregulated transcription in prostate cancer, and reprogrammed cancer-associated super-enhancers. These latter findings prompted the evaluation of CDKI-73 with the BRD4 inhibitor AZD5153, a combination that was synergistic in patient-derived organoids and in vivo. Conclusion: Our work demonstrates that CDK9 inhibition disrupts multiple oncogenic pathways and positions CDKI-73 as a promising therapeutic agent for prostate cancer, particularly aggressive, therapy-resistant subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The choice of reclamation techniques could affect restoration success, ecosystem productivity, and the capacity of reclaimed mine soil (RMS) to sequester soil organic carbon (SOC). A field experiment was conducted at three reclaimed coal mine sites across eastern Ohio to assess the impact of several reclamation techniques on biomass production, soil properties, and temporal changes in SOC and N pools. Amendments and reclamation practices tested were: normal reclamation practice (NRP, control), cow (Bos taurus) manure (10 Mg [ha.sup.-1]), mulching with oat straw (15 Mg [ha.sup.-1]), and chiseling (30-cm depth). At each site, all treatments were applied in triplicate to experimental plots in accord with a randomized complete block design. After 5 yr of restoration, results showed no effect of mulching on any of the soil properties investigated but significant effects of manuring and chiseling. During that period, SOC sequestration rates ranged between 0.6 and 2.8 Mg C [ha.sup.-1] [yr.sup.-1], with the highest rates recorded in the manure-treated plots. Aboveground biomass production, biomass N content, and soil N and SOC pools were also significantly higher in the manure and chiseling treatments, probably due to greater exploration of the soil volume by plant roots and more efficient uptake of water and available nutrients. Ecosystem C (SOC + biomass C) in these two treatments also exceeded that in the NRP by 25 to 27 Mg C [ha.sup.-1]. Thus, manure application and chiseling are effective reclamation practices for restoring RMS and enhancing C sequestration in these ecosystems. Abbreviations: NRP, normal reclamation practice; RMS, reclaimed mine soil; SOC, soil organic carbon; TN, total nitrogen.