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Background: Unlike COVID 19 lockdown, very little is known about the impact of non-COVID 19 lockdown and two lockdowns (post abrogation of article 370 and post COVID 19) in series on health-care delivery system. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to look for the impact of two lockdowns, separately and in combination, on health-care delivery system. Materials and Methods: Data of patients visiting the pediatric outpatient department, pattern of hospital admissions and patient outcomes 1 month and 6 months before and after two lockdowns were recorded and compared within a lockdown and with each other. Results: Fall in Outpatient visits and its persistence even after 6 months was more pronounced for post COVID 19 Lockdown or lockdown 2 (–73%VS–43% and +195VS–61%). There was a statistically significant difference between admissions rates 1 month before and after lockdown 1 (post article 370 abrogation) as well as 1 month before and after lockdown 2 (P= 0.001; P< 0.0001). For the same time period, admission rates were significantly different for respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses during the two lockdowns (

The pre-modern practices of political institutions of Muslims are no longer compatible with nation-state framework. The new classifications, Dār al-Shahādah (Abode of Testimony), Dār al-Ahd (Abode of Truce) and Dār al-Amān (Abode of Peace) have been the contemporary additional terms (Mustalhāt al-Mʻāsirah al-Ḥarbiya) to the classical legalistic framework which classifies the countries into Dār al-Islam (Abode of Islam) and Dār al-Harb (Abode of War). This paper will analyse the contribution of modern Muslim scholars in the emergence of the concept on the one hand while reformist scholars on the other hand. The former laying emphasis on forwarding the concept of citizenship in light of al-Darūrah (Necessity/Compulsion), while the latter ones trying to expand the existing concept of Dhimmah to adjust the needs and obligations of non-Muslim citizens in an Islamic state. The basic idea of citizenship seems to treat all the citizens alike and make the concept as nearer to the modern conception of citizenship as possible. In the given context, the paper will highlight how has the concept of citizenship evolved during the course of time from Caliphate (632-661 C.E) to the Ottoman Empire (1299-1924 C.E) and afterwards.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of different concentrations of lidocaine (2% endotracheal [ET] spray; 10% ET spray; and 2% intravenous [IV]) in suppressing cough and on hemodynamic response during extubation in pediatric age groups; an observational prospective study. Methods: Ninety patients were enrolled for the study and divided into three groups. In Group A, patients were administered (1 mg/kg) of 2% lidocaine ET spray 5 min before extubation; in Group B, patients were administered (1 mg/kg) of 10% lidocaine ET spray 5 min before extubation; and in Group C patients were administered (1 mg/kg) 2% lidocaine IV 3 min before extubation. The three groups were compared for hemodynamic parameters, incidence of cough, breathing pattern, and need for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Results: There was significant attenuation of hemodynamic parameters and less incidence of cough and labored breathing in patient receiving either 10% ET or 2% IV lidocaine. As compared to 2% ET lidocaine, requirement of CPAP support was less in patients who received 10% lidocaine. Patients who were administered 2% IV lidocaine did not receive any CPAP support postextubation. Conclusion: As compared to 2% lidocaine spray postextubation, both 10% lidocaine spray and 2% IV lidocaine postextubation have significantly positive effect on suppression of cough and on hemodynamic parameters.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the exclusive breastfeeding practices among the lactating mothers in rural field practice areas of a Government Medical College Anantnag. Methods: It was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in rural field practice area, Department of Community Medicine GMC Anantnag, for 6 months from May 2021 to October 2021. A total of 120 lactating mothers were interviewed who had delivered 1 year back. The study participants were selected by systematic sampling method. Results: In this study, 120 lactating mothers were interviewed. Around 68.4% of the mothers were in the age group of 20–30 years, 60% were illiterate, 78% of the mothers belonged to joint families, and 93.3% had institutional deliveries. The practice of exclusive breastfeeding among lactating mothers was 71.6%. Colostrum and pre-lacteal feeds were given by 93.4% and 80.8% of the mothers, respectively. Conclusion: The present study shows that the prevalence of breastfeeding is higher in the rural population. It is clear that delayed initiation of breastfeeding and use of pre-lacteal feeds is prevalent among mothers. There was also lack of knowledge of proper breastfeeding practices among rural women.

The paper aims to explore the establishment, organizational setup, and relevance of the international regulatory/standard setting institutions as Sharī‘ah governance platforms primarily AAOIFI (Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Finance Institutions) and IFSB (Islamic Financial Services Board). The role of IIFA (International Islamic Fiqh Academy Jeddah) IFC (Islamic Fiqh Council of Muslim World League MWL) and ISRA (International Sharī‘ah Research Academy for Islamic Finance) and supportive Shari ‘ah compliance platforms for Islamic Finance Industry (IFI) in the corporate and academic dimensions. The study is qualitative analysis of related Guiding Principles, which enshrine the Sharī‘ah governance framework (SGF) in IFI. The discussion highlights that the (SGF) is the particular aspect in the Islamic Finance Industry (IFI), which embodies the legitimacy of instruments, and generates the trust of stakeholders and shareholders in Islamic finance. The paper shows that analysis will support the understanding of Sharī‘ah governance and jurisdiction of the Islamic finance industry in the contemporary Banking and finance sector. The outcome of the predicted hypothesis will enable to suggest and modify the ongoing banking practices in Islamic corporate with strict adherence to the sharīa standards.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to study the clinical profile and outcome of children Admitted in NRC of MCCH-associated hospital of GMC-Anantnag. Methods: Children in the age group of 1 month-5 years, admitted to NRC of our hospital between April 2019 and May 2022 with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) were enrolled for the study. As per a predesigned pro forma, a detailed history was taken from mothers or caregivers and nutritional status assessment using standard anthropometric methods was performed. Classification of malnutrition was made according to the WHO guidelines. Anthropometric measurements including weight in kg and length/height in cm, weight for height, Z score, mid-upper arm circumference, and presence of edema were used to classify the grades of malnutrition. After basic workup and starting nutrition rehabilitation, serial weight gain was recorded. Outcome of patients (home discharge, referral to higher center, and death) was recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 306 children with SAM admitted to NRC of our hospital were enrolled for the study. Majority were of 7–12 months of age (n=93; 30.4%), of female gender (n=178; 58.2%), were from nuclear families and from families with spacing between two children

Poland syndrome (PS) is right sided in 75 percent of cases. Only 10 percent are associated with dextrocardia. It is usually detected late for the milder nature of the condition. Only in severe cases it comes to attention during neonatal period. Left sided Poland syndrome with dextrocardia is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of left sided type 3 Poland syndrome with dextrocardia diagnosed at birth with chest wall getting sucked in and bulging out during inspiration and expiration respectively

Markandaya’s novels are pregnant with different themes and as a woman novelist her novels give us a glimpse of personal life as well.Markandaya’s novels give a glimpse of all such social issues that have roots in the Indian culture and are still existing in many rural Indian societies.A Handful of Rice is a bolt from blue by Kamala Markandaya to make the readers aware about the plight of people. The author depicts the trauma that people face because of hunger and starvation. The novelist highlights that hunger is the root cause of all social evils. It forces a person to go from bad to worse. This thing has been highlighted in the character of Ravi.&nbsp

Objective: The objective of the study was to study the clinical profile of kerosene poisoning, its complications and outcome in children in South Kashmir, J and K, India. Methods: This prospective study of children admitted with kerosene poisoning was conducted in a Govt. Medical College Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. Demographic data, risk factors, clinical features, and the outcome recorded as per predesigned pro forma were analyzed. Results: A total of 199 children were admitted with acute poisoning and 77 (38.6%) had kerosene poisoning. Majority of the patients was male (77%) in the age group of 1 year–3 years (80.5%) and from an urban background (80.5%). Clinical features mainly included cough (75.3%), vomiting (64.9%), and fever (50.6%). X-ray was showing right lower lobe pneumonia in 23.3% followed by bilateral peri-hilar infiltration (18.1%). The most common risk factors include improper storage and lack of knowledge in family. Conclusion: Kerosene poisoning is a common acute poisoning in pediatric age group. Male children in the age group of 1–3 years are most commonly affected. Improper storage is the most common reason for the accidental poisoning.

Introduction: Since the 80's, clonidine has been used as an adjunct to local anesthetics agents in various regional techniques to extend the duration of block. The results of previous studies on the usefulness of clonidine on brachial plexus block have been mixed. To evaluate the efcacy of clonidine, as Material and Methods: an adjunct to the ropovacaine in supraclavicular branchial plexuses on the onset and duration of sensory and motor block. Observations and Results: the onset of sensory and motor bock is the same whether patients receive ropivacaine alone or in combination with clonidine. However duration of both sensory and motor block is signicantly prolonged in Ropivacaine and clonidine group . Clonidine Hcl can s Conclusion: afely be used as an adjunct to local anesthetic agent in supraclavicular brachial plexus block to enhance onset and duration of sensory and motor block and provide better postoperative pain relief in upper limb surgeries.

Kamala Markandaya stands outstanding and aloof from all women writers.She is a distinguished woman novelist who ranks with eminent Indian English Novelists like Anita Desai, Mulk Raj Anand, Raja Rao etc. Markandaya"s novels depict women as the centre of concern. She painted her novels with sufferings and hardships faced by women folk. Being a woman novelist, her debut novel Nectar in a Sieve and highlight the problems faced by Indian rural women. The major concern in her works is the identity crisis of women. Her novels are dominant with femininevoices and throw a massive light on the struggle of rural Indian wives.&nbsp

As human beings, we need to communicate in order to get acquaintance. Communication is the essence of human beings that definitely needs a tool to happen it. So, human beings use language as a means of communication .It urges people to acquire English language frequently. English is the only language that is almost used in all fields like education, science, information and technology, internet, medicine, business, engineering, tourism and so on. As a language ,English attains the global status due to its usage and being lingua franca.The trait of lingua franca does not only make communication a lot easier but formation of English as bridge or common language among the people of diverse speech as well. The present paper mainly highlights the importance of English language, its application, and various benefits in our day to day life. &nbsp

Early blight (EB), caused by the fungus, Alternaria solani, is one of the most destructive diseases of tomatoes and other solanaceous crops; particularly in warm and humid climate. This study was targeted to explore the genetic and pathogenic diversity of A. solani from major tomato producing states of India. Thirty-three isolates were chosen for this study. These isolates exhibited considerable intra as well as inter-state variation. The phylogenetic tree generated with the ISSR sequences confirmed this result. Aggressiveness of the isolates towards susceptible tomato genotype was assessed in vitro, using detached leaf method. Considerable amount of variability in virulence was observed among the isolates. Specific activity of polygalacturonase and pectin methyl esterase was also estimated, to observe the relation among these, with the virulence of isolates. The information generated in the present study provides initial data on the population variability of the EB pathogen. It could be a valuable aid for tomato breeding strategies, aimed at obtaining cultivars with resilient resistance. This will provide a basis for planning disease protection strategies for sustainable agriculture which is required for producing crop plants which harmonize with the environment.

Isolated aortic valve stenosis in adults with or without aortic regurgitation is almost always secondary to a congenital valvular malformation. These congenital malformations usually present as a bicuspid, quadricuspid, or unicuspid aortic valve. The unicuspid acommissural valve has no commissures or lateral attachments to the aorta at the level of the orifice and appears as a pinhole on imaging. The unicommissural UAV has one lateral commissural attachment to the aorta at the level of the orifice and appears as a slit-shaped structure. We report the case of a 21-year-old man who presented with dyspnea, palpitations and one episode of syncope on exertion. Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed a stenotic, unicuspid, unicommissural aortic valve with dilated ascending aorta. He underwent successful aortic valve replacement since the ascending aorta was only mildly dilated (40 mm). Postoperative course was uneventful and discharge from the hospital in stable condition.