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Cissus quadrangularis plant from Vitaceae family, native in India. Many parts of this plant have medicinal values but most precious is stem of this plant. In past years number of studies reported their activities and secondary metabolites in Cissus quadrangularis plant and their pharmacological activities and uses in traditional medicine system. It is reported to possess excellent medicinal properties and potent fracture healing properties, antimicrobial, antiulcer, antioxidative, cholinergic activity and beneficial effect on cardiovascular diseases, possesses antiulcer and cytoprotective property in indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury. The aim of this study was to determine the qualitative phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity, cell viability and in vitro anticancer activity of a potential of Cissus quadrangularis stem extract against A549 human lung cancer cell line. The disc diffusion method was employed to determine the antimicrobial activity of Cissus quadrangularis stem extract and showed potential antibacterial and antifungal activity against various microorganisms. Results have shown that Stem methanolic extract induced a significant decrease of tumour cell viability. The cell viability assay clearly showed that the cells treated with Cissus quadrangularis methanolic extract has significantly reduced the lung cancer cell viability in a dose dependant manner. The stem methanolic extract was tested for the in vitro antiproliferative potential on A549 human lung cancer cell line using different concentrations, namely 1000, 62.5 and 7.8 µg/ml. We observed the IC50 dose at 65.2 μg/ml concentration. In cell culture A549 cells treated with Cissus quadrangularis stem methanolic extract in 24 h the cells growth is controlled.

Glutamate and dopamine hypotheses are leading theories of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that dopaminergic and glutamatergic dysfunction is an underlying mechanism in schizophrenia. Since currently available antipsychotic drugs have significant untoward side effects, identification of new neuroprotective compounds from the medicinal plants may prove beneficial in neurodegenerative disorders. In our previous investigation we have isolated, characterized and reported a novel bioactive compound viz. 3-(3, 4-dimethoxy phenyl)-1-(4-methoxy phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one from the Celastrus paniculatus (CP) is used for the current clinical intervention of schizophrenia disease. The present study is mainly aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of the above bioactive compound against ketamine-induced schizophrenia with particular reference to glutamate metabolism using in vivo and in silico methods. The decrease in glutamine content and the activity levels of glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, and glutaminase in different regions of the rat brain suggests lowered oxidative deamination and lowered mobilization of glutamate towards glutamine formation during ketamine-induced schizophrenia. Pre-treatment with the plant compound reversed the alterations in glutamate metabolism and restored the normal glutamatergic neurotransmission akin to the reference drug, clozapine. In addition, the compound has shown strong interaction and exhibited the highest binding energies against selected NMDA receptors with the lowest inhibition constant than the reference drug. Recoveries of these parameters during anti-schizophrenic treatment suggest that administration of plant compound might offer neuroprotection by interrupting the pathological cascade of glutamatergic neurotransmission that occurs during schizophrenia.

The present study was sought to evaluate the oxidative, antioxidant status and histopathological changes by the acute chronic exposure of formaldehyde. Bronco-T a poly-herbal formulation treatment, changes the oxidative, antioxidant status and histopathology of rat lungs with antioxidant and regenerative property. In this experiment thirty adult male albino Wister rats were used for the study and subdivided in to five groups consist of 6 rats for each group. Group-I served as control and the other 4 groups such as II, III, IV and V are considered as experimental. The control and treatment rats are maintained for 21 days of experimental period. Experimental rats are exposed to 40 percent formaldehyde for 1 h treated with Bronco-T and salbutamol. In the present investigation, the formaldehyde exposed rats a series of free radical chain reactions were grimly provoked, the evaluation of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT), other enzymes oxidative enzymes (G-6-PDH, SDH) and (ALT, ALAT and LDH) were measured. A clear assertive imbalance between oxidation and anti-oxidation status was critically observed, and oxidative stress was clearly exacerbated in lung tissue leading to altrations in architecture of lung histopathology. Oral gavage Bronco-T exhibits a beneficial action by bringing normal architecture in lung tissue of formaldehyde inhaled rats with antioxidant properties. Bronco-T treatment may be a suitable remedy for formalin occupational diseases. Keywords: Antioxidant status, Polyherbal, Formaldehyde, Bronco-T

During the past few years, there has been exponential growth in the field of ethnopharmacology in the treatment of different human ailments, including neurological disorders. In our previous study, we isolated, characterized, and reported a novel bioactive compound with therapeutic efficacy in vivo, which was used in the current study. This study was designed to investigate the pharmacological effect and therapeutic mechanism of the natural plant compound 3-(3,4-dimethoxy phenyl)-1-(4-methoxy phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one against ketamine-induced toxicity in PC 12 cell lines. Cell death was induced in PC 12 cell lines by incubating with ketamine, and the protection offered by the compound at different concentrations was studied during pretreatment. The therapeutic efficacy was screened through MTT assay, LDH assay, DCF-DA assay, clonogenic assay, RT-PCR, and densitometric analysis. The bioactive compound caused a significant elevation in cell viability up to approximately 80%, down-regulation of cell damage, reduction in free radical damage caused by intracellular reactive oxygen species, and up-regulation of cell survival ability, which was dysregulated during ketamine induction. In addition, RT-PCR analysis of DOPA-related genes suggests that the compound exerted significant inhibition in the expression of these genes, which were overexpressed during ketamine induction. The current findings provide new insight into the neuroprotective mediation of bioactive factors as a prospective therapy for neurological disorders.

This study is aimed to evaluate the impact of methanolic extract of Artemisia vulgaris and isolated plant compound, β-Caryophyllene oxide against carrageenan-induced paw edema in rat model and its therapeutic potential compared with reference drug, Indometacin. Methanolic extract of A. vulgaris was characterized using FTIR, LC-MS, NMR spectral studies. Paw edema was induced by sub-plantar injection of 100 µl of 1% carrageenan. Oxidative enzymes, such as super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR), lipid peroxidation and C-reactive protein levels were measured in paw tissue. In silico evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of plant compounds was evaluated against the molecular targets of inflammation. C-reactive protein and lipid-peroxidation levels were significantly increased whereas the activity levels of oxidative enzymes were significantly decreased in inflammation-induced rats. The recovery of oxidative enzyme levels was seen in treated groups in a dose dependent manner. C-reactive protein and lipid-peroxidation levels were significantly decreased in treated groups, indicating the anti-inflammatory activity of the plant extract and the plant compound. Computational analysis rationalizes the inhibitory ability of plant derived compound possibly by altering the inflammatory signaling pathway.