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11. Estimation of Toxic Doses of Strychnine Hydrochloride in Rats and Dogs

Author

Shokry H. Kamel and Ahlamy A. Afifi

Subjects
Male, Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Hydrochloride, Strychnine, Rats, Surgery, chemistry.chemical_compound, Dogs, chemistry, Animals, Medicine, Female, business
Abstract

Summary The dose-response curves of strychnine hydrochloride injected subcutaneously have been assessed in white rats and dogs. Two new cardinal signs which appeared in poisoned animals before death were recorded. The effect of daily injection of strychnine hydrochloride in sublethal doses over a period of 28 days was tested in dogs. Zusammenfassung Die toxischen Strychnindosen fur Ratten und Hunde Fur weise Ratten und Hunde wurde die Dosis-Wirkungskurve von Strychnin-Hydrochlorid bei subkutaner Applikation bestimmt. Zwei neue Vergiftungssymptome wurden festgestellt. Bei Hunden wurde die Wirkung taglicher Injektionen von Strychnin-Hydrochlorid in subletalen Dosen wahrend einer Periode von 28 Tagen bestimmt. Resume Estimation des doses toxiques d'hydrochlorure de strychnine chez les rats et les chiens On etablit les courbes de reaction aux doses d'hydrochlorure de strychnine injectees par voie sous-cutanee a des rats blancs et des chiens. On rapporte deux nouveaux signes fondamentaux, qui se manifestent avant la mort des animaux empoisonnes. On teste sur des chiens l'effet d'une injection quotidienne d'hydrochlorure de strychnine a des doses subletales, pendant une periode de 28 jours. Resumen Valuacion de las dosis toxicas del clorhidrato de estricnina en ratas y perros Las curvas de respuesta a la dosis de clorhidrato de estricnina inyectadas por via subcutanea se tasaron en ratas blancas y perros. Indicanse dos dignos fundamentales nuevos que aparecen en los animales envenenados antes morir. En perros se ensayo el efecto de una inyeccion diaria de clorhidrato de estricnina en dosis subletales a lo largo de un periodo de 28 dias.

Published
2010
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12. Study of the Frequency of Blood Group Antigen and their Combinations in Dogs

Author

Ezzeldin A. Ezzat and Shokry H. Kamel

Subjects
Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, Dogs, business.industry, Blood Group Antigens, Animals, Medicine, Egypt, Antigens, business, Blood group antigens
Abstract

Summary The blood groups of 241 mongrel dogs from the Giza and Cairo districts were studied. Group A was found in 66.1% of the dogs. No groups were idendified in 2.5% of the dogs and 78.6% of the dogs showed 2–4 different groups. Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen uber die Haufigkeit von Blutgruppenantigenen und ihre Kombinationen bei Hunden Bei 241 Hunden (Bastarde) aus der Gegend von Giza und Kairo wurden die Blutgruppen untersucht. Gruppe A wurde bei 66,1% der Hunde gefunden. Bei 2,5% der Tiere konnte die Gruppe nicht identifiziert werden. 78,6% der Hunde wiesen 2–4 verschiedene Gruppen auf. Resume Etude de la frequence des antigenes du groupe sanguin et de leurs combinaisons chez les chiens On etudie groupes sanguins de 241 chiens metis de Giza et du Caire. On trouve le groupe A chez 66,1% des chiens. On n'identifie aucun groupe chez 2,5% des chiens. 78,6% des chiens donnent 2–4 groupes differents. Resumen Estudios de la frecuencia de los antigenos de grupos sanguineos y sus combinaciones en perros Se estudiaron los grupos sanguineos de 241 perros mestizos de los distritos de Giza y Cairo. El grupo A se encontro en el 66,1% de los perros. Ningun grupo se identifico en el 2,5% de los perros y el 78% de los mismos tenia de 2–4 grupos diferentes.

Published
2010
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13. The Pathology of Strychnine hydrochloride Poisoning in Dogs

Author

Shokry H. Kamel and A. A. Ahlamy

Subjects
Gynecology, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine.medical_specialty, chemistry, business.industry, Medicine, Strychnine, business, Surgery
Abstract

ummary The pathological changes occurring in the internal organs of dogs after acute strychnine hydrochloride poisoning and after prolonged repeated administration of sublethal doses were studied after death in the acute types of poisoning and after killing by pithing dogs that survived sublethal doses. Zusammenfassung Zur Pathologie der Strychninvergiftung beim Hund Bei Hunden wurden die Veranderungen an den inneren Organen einerseits nach akuter, andererseits nach chronischer Vergiftung mit Strychninhydrochlorid untersucht. Resume La pathologie de l'empoisonnement a l'hydrochlorure de strychnine chez les chiens On etudie les modifications pathologiques qui se produisent dans les organes internes des chiens apres un empoisonnement aigu a l'hydrochlorure de strychnine ou apres administration prolongee de doses subletales repetees. On procede aux examens apres la mort dans les cas d'empoisonnement aigu ou apres avoir sacrifie les chiens qui survivent aux doses subletales. Resumen Patologia de la intoxicacion por clorhidrato de estricnina en perros Se estudiaron los cambios que se producen en las visceras de perros tras envenenamiento agudo por clorhidrato de estricnina y a continuacion de la administracion repetida prolongada de dosis subletales despues de acaecida la muerte en los tipos agudos de intoxicacion y despues del sacrificio eutanasico en perros que sobrevivieron dosis subletales.

Published
2010
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14. Sinus Paranasalis of the Egyptian Buffalo, Bos (Bubalus) bubalis L

Author

Shokry H. Kamel and M. S. E. D. n Moustafa

Subjects
Buffaloes, biology, Skull, Búfalos, Anatomy, biology.organism_classification, Senos paranasales, medicine.anatomical_structure, Paranasal sinuses, Paranasal Sinuses, medicine, Animals, Bubalus, Sinus (anatomy)
Abstract

Summary Twenty heads of Egyptian buffaloes, Bos (Bubalus) bubalis L. were examined. A full anatomical description of the paranasal sinuses is given. Zusammenfassung Der Sinus paranasalis des Agyptischen Buffels, Bos (Bubalus) bubalis L. Die Anatomie des Sinus paranasalis des Aegyptischen Buffels wird beschrieben. Resume Sinus paranasal du buffle egyptien, Bos (Bubalus) bubalis L. Nous avons examine vingt tetes de buffles egyptiens, Bos (Bubalus) bubalis L. Nous donnons une description anatomique complete et detaillee des sinus paranasaux. Resumen Los senos paranasales del bufalo egipcio, Bos (Bubalus) bubalis L. Se examinaron 20 cabezas de bufalos egipcios, Bos (Bubalus) bubalis L. Ofrecese una descripcion anatomica detallada de los senos paranasales.

Published
2010
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15. Evolution and Heredity of Blood Groups in Dogs

Author

Shokry H. Kamel and Ezzeldin A. Ezzat

Subjects
Dogs, Philosophy, Blood Group Antigens, Genetics, Animals, Humanities
Abstract

Summary The evolution of blood groups was studied in 8 families of purebred Alsatians. Antigens were first detectable 3–5 months after birth and well established at 6 months. As in man, the blood groups obey Bernstein's laws of inheritance. Zusammenfassung Entwicklung und Hereditat der Blutgruppen bei Hunden Bei 8 Familien von reinrassigen Deutschen Schaferhunden wurde die Entwicklung der Blutgruppen untersucht. 3–5 Monate nach der Geburt werden die Antigene erstmals nachweisbar und nach 6 Monaten sind sie leicht feststellbar. Die Blutgruppen werden, ahnlich wie die des Menschen, nach den Bernsteinschen Gesetzen vererbt. Resume Evolution et heredite des groupes sanguins chez les chiens On etudie l'evolution des groupes sanguins sur huit familles de bergers allemands pure race. On met en evidence les premiers antigenes 3–5 mois apres la naissance et on les trouve aisement apres le 6eme mois. Ces groupes sanguins sont transmis par les parents a leur descendance selon les lois de Bernstein qui s'appliquent aux etres humains. Resumen Evolucion y herencia de los grupos sanguineos en perros La evolucion de los grupos sanguineos se estudio en ocho familias de perros alsacianos pura raza. Los antigenos no se detectan hasta transcurridos 3–5 meses despues del nacimiento, tornandose detectables con facilidad despues de los seis meses. Estos grupos sanguineos se heredan de los padres a la prole con arreglo a las leyes de Bernstein, que se aplican en la especie humana.

Published
2010
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16. Predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury: Practical prognostic models based on large cohort of international patients

Author

Perel, P. A., Olldashi, F., Muzha, I., Filipi, N., Lede, R., Copertari, P., Traverso, C., Copertari, A., Vergara, E. A., Montenegro, C., De Huidobro, R. R., Saladino, P., Surt, K., Cialzeta, J., Lazzeri, S., Pinero, G., Ciccioli, F., Videtta, W., Barboza, M. F., Svampa, S., Sciuto, V., Domeniconi, G., Bustamante, M., Waschbusch, M., Gullo, M. P., Drago, D. A., Linares, J. C. A., Camputaro, L., Troccoli, G., Galimberti, H., Tallott, M., Eybner, C., Buchinger, W., Fitzal, S., Mazairac, G., Oleffe, V., Grollinger, T., Delvaux, P., Carlier, L., Braet, V., Jacques, J. -M., De Knoop, D., Nasi, L., Choi, H. K., Schmitt, M., Gentil, A., Nacul, F., Barrios, P. B., Xinkang, C., Hua, L. S., Tian, H. H., Xiaodong, C., Gualteros, W., Otero, A. A., Arango, M., Ciro, J., Jaramillo, H., Gonzalez, I., Gomez, C., Arias, A., Fonseca, M., Mora, C., Cabrera, E. G. L., Betancurth, J. L., Munoz, P., Quinonez, J. A., Castillo, M. E. G., Lopez, O., Yepes, R. P., Cuellar, D. L., Paez, G., Chaves, H. D., Ordonez, P. E., Plata, Riccardo, Pineda, M., Pulido, L. E., Jaramillo, J. S. V., Rebolledo, C., Palma, O., Soler, C., Pastrana, I., Falero, R., Perera, M. D., Garcia, A. A., Oliva, R., Delgado, H. L., Carnero, A. M., Lopez, B. L., Gallardo, A. L., Morales, A. O., Lezcano, H., Ferrer, M. I., Bess, I. Z., Canino, G. R., Ruiz, E. M. P., Cruz, O. G., Svoboda, P., Kantorova, I., Ochmann, J., Scheer, P., Kozumplik, L., Marsova, J., Edelmann, K., Chytra, I., Bosman, R., Andrejsova, H., Pachl, J., Burger, J., Kramar, F., Ulloa, M. I., Gonzalez, L., Daccach, A., Ortega, A., Cevallos, S., Cueva, B. Z., Ochoa, M., Tapia, J. V., Hurtado, J., Wong, M. C. S., Santos, R., Khamis, H., Abaza, A. H., Fekry, A., El Kordy, S., Shawky, T., El-Sayed, H., Khalil, N., Negm, N., Fisal, S., Alamin, M., Shokry, H., Elhusseny, A. Y., Radwan, A., Rashid, M., Gogichaisvili, T., Ingorokva, G., Gongadze, N., Otarashvili, A., Kleist, W., Kalkum, M., Ulrich, P., Andrews, N., Nakos, G., Karavelis, A., Archontakis, G., Myrianthefs, P., Yadav, Y., Yadav, S., Khatri, R., Baghel, A., Husain, M., Jha, D., Chhang, W. H., Dhandhania, M., Fonning, C., Iyengar, S. N., Gupta, S., Ravi, R. R., Bopiah, K. S., Herur, A., Venkataramana, N. K., Satish, A., Bhavadasan, K., Morris, R., Ramesh, S., Dewan, Y., Singh, Y., Bhagchandani, R., Bhagchandani, S., Sethurayar, V. U., Ipe, S., Sreekumar, G., Panigrahi, M., Reddy, A., Khosla, V., Pillay, H., Thomas, N., Sridhar, K., Jose, B., Kurian, N., Praharaj, S., Pillai, S., Ramana, Kiyawat, D., Maheshwari, K., Panikar, D., Chawla, J., Shenoy, S., Raja, A., Rupayana, Y., Reddy, S., Mohan, N., Kelkar, S., Johri, M., Golden, N., Maliawan, S., Fauzi, A., Farouk, U., Fakharian, E., Aramesh, A., Eghtedari, M., Ahmadzadeh, F., Gholami, A., Plunkett, P., Redican, C., Mcmahon, G., Annetta, Maria Giuseppina, Mouchaty, H., Bruzzone, E., Harding, B., Qureshi, M., Idris, Z., Jafri Abdullah, N. C., Ghazali, G., Ghani, A. R. I., Cheah, F., Cabrera, A., Gonzalez, J. L. M., Loria-Castellanos, J., Jackson, S., Hutchinson, R., Komolafe, E., Adeolu, A., Komolafe, M., Adeyemi-Doro, O., Bankole, F., Shehu, B., Danlami, V., Odebode, O., Oluwadiya, K., Sanni, A., Giebel, H., Kumar, S., Jooma, R., Mezquita, J. E., Ovelar, C. O., Portillo, M. G., Rodriguez, D., Balica, L., Oprita, B., Sklerniacof, M., Steflea, L., Bandut, L., Danil, A., Iliescu, R., Ciurea, J., El-Dawlatly, A., Alwatidy, S., Al-Yafi, W., El-Dawlatly, M., Krunic-Protic, R., Janosevic, V., Tan, J., Seah, C., Trenkler, S., Humenansky, M., Stajancova, T., Schwendt, I., Laincz, A., Julius, Z., Maros, S., Firment, J., Cifranicova, M., Saniova, B., Kalig, K., Medekova, S., Wiszt, R., Macuga, I., Hartzenberg, B., Du Plessis, G., Houlie, Z., Nathoo, N., Khumalo, S., Tracey, R., Munoz-Sanchez, A., Francisco Murillo-Cabezas, N. C., Flores-Cordero, J., Rincon- Ferrari, D., Rubi, M., Caler, L., Del Campo, M. M., Laguna, L. B., Nava, J. M., Minguillon, M. A., Lopez, A. M., Ramos-Gomez, L., De La Torre-Prados, V., Pellejero, R., Laloe, V., Mandrella, B., Suganthan, Perera, S., Mahendran, K., Stocker, R., Ludwig, S., Zimmermann, H., Denzler, U., Yutthakasemsunt, S., Kittiwattanagul, W., Piyavechvirat, P., Tapsai, P., Namuang-Jan, A., Chantapimpa, U., Watanachai, C., Subsompon, P., Pussanakawatin, W., Khunjan, P., Tangchitvittaya, S., Nilapong, S., Klangsang, T., Taechakosol, W., Srinat, A., Jerbi, Z., Borsali- Falfoul, N., Rezgui, M., Cakar, N., Ssenyonjo, H., Kobusingye, O., Lomas, G., Yates, D., Lecky, F., Bleetman, A., Baldwin, A., Jenkinson, E., Pantrini, S., Stewart, J., Contractor, N., Roberts, T., Butler, J., Pinto, A., Lee, D., Brayley, N., Robbshaw, K., Dix, C., Graham, S., Pye, S., Green, M., Kellins, A., Moulton, C., Fogg, B., Cottingham, R., Funnell, S., Shanker, U., Summers, C., Malek, L., Ashcroft, C., Powell, J., Moore, S., Buckley, S., Grocutt, M., Chambers, S., Morrice, A., Marshall, H., Harris, J., Matthews, W., Tippet, J., Mardell, S., Macmillan, F., Shaw, A., Luthra, P., Dixon, G., Ahmed, M., Young, M., Mason, S., Loveday, I., Clark, C., Taylor, S., Wilson, P., Ali, K., Greenwood, S., White, M., Perez, R., Eljamel, S., Wasserberg, J., Shale, H., Read, C., Mccarron, J., Pennell, A., Ray, G., Thurston, J., Brown, E., Jaffey, L., Graves, M., Bailey, R., Loveridge, N., Evans, G., Hughes, S., Ahmed, M. K., Richardson, J., Gallagher, C., Odedun, T., Lees, K., Foley, D., Payne, N., Pennycook, A., Griffiths, C., Moore, D., Byrne, D., Dasan, S., Banerjee, Abhishek, Mcguinness, S., Chikhani, C., Zoltie, N., Barlow, I., Stell, I., Hulse, W., Crossley, J., Watkins, L., Dorani, B., Van Viet, T., Plata R., Annetta M. G. (ORCID:0000-0001-7574-1311), Banerjee A., Perel, P. A., Olldashi, F., Muzha, I., Filipi, N., Lede, R., Copertari, P., Traverso, C., Copertari, A., Vergara, E. A., Montenegro, C., De Huidobro, R. R., Saladino, P., Surt, K., Cialzeta, J., Lazzeri, S., Pinero, G., Ciccioli, F., Videtta, W., Barboza, M. F., Svampa, S., Sciuto, V., Domeniconi, G., Bustamante, M., Waschbusch, M., Gullo, M. P., Drago, D. A., Linares, J. C. A., Camputaro, L., Troccoli, G., Galimberti, H., Tallott, M., Eybner, C., Buchinger, W., Fitzal, S., Mazairac, G., Oleffe, V., Grollinger, T., Delvaux, P., Carlier, L., Braet, V., Jacques, J. -M., De Knoop, D., Nasi, L., Choi, H. K., Schmitt, M., Gentil, A., Nacul, F., Barrios, P. B., Xinkang, C., Hua, L. S., Tian, H. H., Xiaodong, C., Gualteros, W., Otero, A. A., Arango, M., Ciro, J., Jaramillo, H., Gonzalez, I., Gomez, C., Arias, A., Fonseca, M., Mora, C., Cabrera, E. G. L., Betancurth, J. L., Munoz, P., Quinonez, J. A., Castillo, M. E. G., Lopez, O., Yepes, R. P., Cuellar, D. L., Paez, G., Chaves, H. D., Ordonez, P. E., Plata, Riccardo, Pineda, M., Pulido, L. E., Jaramillo, J. S. V., Rebolledo, C., Palma, O., Soler, C., Pastrana, I., Falero, R., Perera, M. D., Garcia, A. A., Oliva, R., Delgado, H. L., Carnero, A. M., Lopez, B. L., Gallardo, A. L., Morales, A. O., Lezcano, H., Ferrer, M. I., Bess, I. Z., Canino, G. R., Ruiz, E. M. P., Cruz, O. G., Svoboda, P., Kantorova, I., Ochmann, J., Scheer, P., Kozumplik, L., Marsova, J., Edelmann, K., Chytra, I., Bosman, R., Andrejsova, H., Pachl, J., Burger, J., Kramar, F., Ulloa, M. I., Gonzalez, L., Daccach, A., Ortega, A., Cevallos, S., Cueva, B. Z., Ochoa, M., Tapia, J. V., Hurtado, J., Wong, M. C. S., Santos, R., Khamis, H., Abaza, A. H., Fekry, A., El Kordy, S., Shawky, T., El-Sayed, H., Khalil, N., Negm, N., Fisal, S., Alamin, M., Shokry, H., Elhusseny, A. Y., Radwan, A., Rashid, M., Gogichaisvili, T., Ingorokva, G., Gongadze, N., Otarashvili, A., Kleist, W., Kalkum, M., Ulrich, P., Andrews, N., Nakos, G., Karavelis, A., Archontakis, G., Myrianthefs, P., Yadav, Y., Yadav, S., Khatri, R., Baghel, A., Husain, M., Jha, D., Chhang, W. H., Dhandhania, M., Fonning, C., Iyengar, S. N., Gupta, S., Ravi, R. R., Bopiah, K. S., Herur, A., Venkataramana, N. K., Satish, A., Bhavadasan, K., Morris, R., Ramesh, S., Dewan, Y., Singh, Y., Bhagchandani, R., Bhagchandani, S., Sethurayar, V. U., Ipe, S., Sreekumar, G., Panigrahi, M., Reddy, A., Khosla, V., Pillay, H., Thomas, N., Sridhar, K., Jose, B., Kurian, N., Praharaj, S., Pillai, S., Ramana, Kiyawat, D., Maheshwari, K., Panikar, D., Chawla, J., Shenoy, S., Raja, A., Rupayana, Y., Reddy, S., Mohan, N., Kelkar, S., Johri, M., Golden, N., Maliawan, S., Fauzi, A., Farouk, U., Fakharian, E., Aramesh, A., Eghtedari, M., Ahmadzadeh, F., Gholami, A., Plunkett, P., Redican, C., Mcmahon, G., Annetta, Maria Giuseppina, Mouchaty, H., Bruzzone, E., Harding, B., Qureshi, M., Idris, Z., Jafri Abdullah, N. C., Ghazali, G., Ghani, A. R. I., Cheah, F., Cabrera, A., Gonzalez, J. L. M., Loria-Castellanos, J., Jackson, S., Hutchinson, R., Komolafe, E., Adeolu, A., Komolafe, M., Adeyemi-Doro, O., Bankole, F., Shehu, B., Danlami, V., Odebode, O., Oluwadiya, K., Sanni, A., Giebel, H., Kumar, S., Jooma, R., Mezquita, J. E., Ovelar, C. O., Portillo, M. G., Rodriguez, D., Balica, L., Oprita, B., Sklerniacof, M., Steflea, L., Bandut, L., Danil, A., Iliescu, R., Ciurea, J., El-Dawlatly, A., Alwatidy, S., Al-Yafi, W., El-Dawlatly, M., Krunic-Protic, R., Janosevic, V., Tan, J., Seah, C., Trenkler, S., Humenansky, M., Stajancova, T., Schwendt, I., Laincz, A., Julius, Z., Maros, S., Firment, J., Cifranicova, M., Saniova, B., Kalig, K., Medekova, S., Wiszt, R., Macuga, I., Hartzenberg, B., Du Plessis, G., Houlie, Z., Nathoo, N., Khumalo, S., Tracey, R., Munoz-Sanchez, A., Francisco Murillo-Cabezas, N. C., Flores-Cordero, J., Rincon- Ferrari, D., Rubi, M., Caler, L., Del Campo, M. M., Laguna, L. B., Nava, J. M., Minguillon, M. A., Lopez, A. M., Ramos-Gomez, L., De La Torre-Prados, V., Pellejero, R., Laloe, V., Mandrella, B., Suganthan, Perera, S., Mahendran, K., Stocker, R., Ludwig, S., Zimmermann, H., Denzler, U., Yutthakasemsunt, S., Kittiwattanagul, W., Piyavechvirat, P., Tapsai, P., Namuang-Jan, A., Chantapimpa, U., Watanachai, C., Subsompon, P., Pussanakawatin, W., Khunjan, P., Tangchitvittaya, S., Nilapong, S., Klangsang, T., Taechakosol, W., Srinat, A., Jerbi, Z., Borsali- Falfoul, N., Rezgui, M., Cakar, N., Ssenyonjo, H., Kobusingye, O., Lomas, G., Yates, D., Lecky, F., Bleetman, A., Baldwin, A., Jenkinson, E., Pantrini, S., Stewart, J., Contractor, N., Roberts, T., Butler, J., Pinto, A., Lee, D., Brayley, N., Robbshaw, K., Dix, C., Graham, S., Pye, S., Green, M., Kellins, A., Moulton, C., Fogg, B., Cottingham, R., Funnell, S., Shanker, U., Summers, C., Malek, L., Ashcroft, C., Powell, J., Moore, S., Buckley, S., Grocutt, M., Chambers, S., Morrice, A., Marshall, H., Harris, J., Matthews, W., Tippet, J., Mardell, S., Macmillan, F., Shaw, A., Luthra, P., Dixon, G., Ahmed, M., Young, M., Mason, S., Loveday, I., Clark, C., Taylor, S., Wilson, P., Ali, K., Greenwood, S., White, M., Perez, R., Eljamel, S., Wasserberg, J., Shale, H., Read, C., Mccarron, J., Pennell, A., Ray, G., Thurston, J., Brown, E., Jaffey, L., Graves, M., Bailey, R., Loveridge, N., Evans, G., Hughes, S., Ahmed, M. K., Richardson, J., Gallagher, C., Odedun, T., Lees, K., Foley, D., Payne, N., Pennycook, A., Griffiths, C., Moore, D., Byrne, D., Dasan, S., Banerjee, Abhishek, Mcguinness, S., Chikhani, C., Zoltie, N., Barlow, I., Stell, I., Hulse, W., Crossley, J., Watkins, L., Dorani, B., Van Viet, T., Plata R., Annetta M. G. (ORCID:0000-0001-7574-1311), and Banerjee A.

Abstract

Objective: To develop and validate practical prognostic models for death at 14 days and for death or severe disability six months after traumatic brain injury. Design: Multivariable logistic regression to select variables that were independently associated with two patient outcomes. Two models designed: "basic" model (demographic and clinical variables only) and "CT" model (basic model plus results of computed tomography). The models were subsequently developed for high and low-middle income countries separately. Setting: Medical Research Council (MRC) CRASH Trial. Subjects: 10 008 patients with traumatic brain injury. Models externally validated in a cohort of 8509. Results: The basic model included four predictors: age, Glasgow coma scale, pupil reactivity, and the presence of major extracranial injury. The CT model also included the presence of petechial haemorrhages, obliteration of the third ventricle or basal cisterns, subarachnoid bleeding, midline shift, and non-evacuated haematoma. In the derivation sample the models showed excellent discrimination (C statistic above 0.80). The models showed good calibration graphically. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test also indicated good calibration, except for the CT model in low-middle income countries. External validation for unfavourable outcome at six months in high income countries showed that basic and CT models had good discrimination (C statistic 0.77 for both models) but poorer calibration. Conclusion: Simple prognostic models can be used to obtain valid predictions of relevant outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Published
2008

19. Effect of intravenous corticosteroids on death within 14 days in 10008 adults with clinically significant head injury (MRC CRASH trial): Randomised placebo-controlled trial

Author

Olldashi, F., Muzha, I., Filipi, N., Lede, R., Copertari, P., Traverso, C., Copertari, A., Vergara, E. A., Montenegro, C., De Huidobro, R. R., Surt, K., Cialzeta, J., Lazzeri, S., Pinero, G., Ciccioli, F., Videtta, W., Barboza, M. F., Svampa, S., Sciuto, V., Domeniconi, G., Bustamante, M., Waschbusch, M., Gullo, M. P., Drago, D. A., Linares, J. C. A., Camputaro, L., Troccoli, G., Galimberti, H., Tallott, M., Eybner, C., Buchinger, W., Fitzal, S., Mazairac, G., Oleffe, V., Grollinger, T., Delvaux, P., Carlier, L., Braet, V., Jacques, J. -M., De Knoop, D., Nasi, L., Choi, H. K., Schmitt, M., Gentil, A., Nacul, F., Barrios, P. B., Xinkang, C., Hua, L. S., Tian, H. H., Xiaodong, C., Gualteros, W., Otero, A. A., Arango, M., Ciro, J., Jaramillo, H., Garcia, G., Gonzalez, I., Gomez, C., Arias, A., Fonseca, M., Mora, C., Cabrera, E. G. L., Betancurth, J. L., Munoz, P., Quinonez, J. A., Castillo, M. E. G., Lopez, O., Yepes, R. P., Cuellar, D. L., Paez, G., Chaves, H. D., Ordonez, P. E., Plata, Riccardo, Pineda, M., Pulido, L. E., Jaramillo, J. S. V., Rebolledo, C., Palma, O., Soler, C., Pastrana, I., Falero, R., Perera, M. D., Garcia, A. A., Oliva, R., Delgado, H. L., Carnero, A. M., Lopez, B. L., Gallardo, A. L., Morales, A. O., Lezcano, H., Ferrer, M. I., Bess, I. Z., Canino, G. R., Ruiz, E. M. P., Cruz, O. G., Svoboda, P., Kantorova, I., Ochmann, J., Scheer, P., Kozumplik, L., Marsova, J., Edelmann, K., Chytra, I., Bosman, R., Andrejsova, H., Pachl, J., Burger, J., Kramar, F., Ulloa, M. I., Gonzalez, L., Daccach, A., Ortega, A., Cevallos, S., Cueva, B. Z., Ochoa, M., Tapia, J. V., Hurtado, J., Wong, M. C. S., Santos, R., Khamis, H., Abaza, A. H., Fekry, A., El Kordy, S., Shawky, T., El-Sayed, H., Khalil, N., Negm, N., Fisal, S., Shokry, H., Alamin, M., Elhusseny, A. Y., Radwan, A., Rashid, M., Gogichaisvili, T., Ingorokva, G., Gongadze, N., Otarashvili, A., Kleist, W., Kalkum, M., Ulrich, P., Andrews, N., Nakos, G., Karavelis, A., Archontakis, G., Myrianthefs, P., Yadav, Y., Yadav, S., Khatri, R., Baghel, A., Husain, M., Jha, D., Hoong Chhang, W., Dhandhania, M., Fonning, C., Iyengar, S. N., Gupta, S., Ravi, R. R., Bopiah, K. S., Herur, A., Venkataramana, N. K., Satish, A., Bhavadasan, K., Morris, R., Ramesh, S., Dewan, Y., Singh, Y., Bhagchandani, R., Bhagchandani, S., Sethurayar, V., Ipe, S., Sreekumar, G., Panigrahi, M., Reddy, A., Khosla, V., Pillay, H., Thomas, N., Sridhar, K., Jose, B., Kurian, N., Praharaj, S., Pillai, S., Ramana, Kiyawat, D., Maheshwari, K., Panikar, D., Chawla, J., Shenoy, S., Raja, A., Rupayana, Y., Reddy, S., Mohan, N., Kelkar, S., Johri, M., Golden, N., Maliawan, S., Fauzi, A., Farouk, U., Fakharian, E., Aramesh, A., Eghtedari, M., Ahmadzadeh, F., Gholami, A., Plunkett, P., Redican, C., Mcmahon, G., Annetta, Maria Giuseppina, Mouchaty, H., Bruzzone, E., Harding, B., Qureshi, M., Idris, Z., Abdullah, J., Ghazali, G., Ghani, A., Cheah, F., Gonzalez, J., Loria-Castellanos, J., Jackson, S., Hutchinson, R., Komolafe, E., Adeolu, A., Komolafe, M., Adeyemi-Doro, O., Bankole, F., Shehu, B., Danlami, V., Odebode, O., Oluwadiya, K., Sanni, A., Giebel, H., Kumar, S., Jooma, R., Mezquita, J., Ortiz Ovelar, C., Gonzales-Portillo, M., Rodriguez, D., Balica, L., Oprita, B., Sklerniacof, M., Steflea, L., Bandut, L., Danil, A., Iliescu, R., Ciurea, J., El-Dawlatly, A., Alwatidy, S., Al-Yafi, W., El-Dawlatly, M., Krunic-Protic, R., Janosevic, V., Tan, J., Seah, C., Trenkler, S., Humenansky, M., Stajancova, T., Schwendt, I., Laincz, A., Julius, Z., Maros, S., Firment, J., Cifranicova, M., Saniova, B., Kalig, K., Medekova, S., Wiszt, R., Macsuga, I., Hartzenberg, B., Du Plessis, G., Houlie, Z., Nathoo, N., Khumalo, S., Tracey, R., Munoz-Sanchez, A., Murillo-Cabezas, F., Flores-Cordero, J., Rincon-Ferrari, D., Rubi, M., Caler, L., Del Campo, M., Laguna, L., Manuel Nava, J., Minguillon, M., Lopez, A., Ramos-Gomez, L., De La Torre-Prados, V., Pellejero, R., Laloe, V., Mandrella, B., Suganthan, Perera, S., Mahendran, K., Stocker, R., Ludwig, S., Zimmermann, H., Denzler, U., Yutthakasemsunt, S., Kittiwattanagul, W., Watanachai, C., Subsompon, P., Pussanakawatin, W., Khunjan, P., Tangchitvittaya, S., Nilapong, S., Klangsang, T., Taechakosol, W., Srinat, A., Jerbi, Z., Borsali-Falfoul, N., Rezgui, M., Cakar, N., Ssenyonjo, H., Kobusingye, O., Lomas, G., Yates, D., Lecky, F., Bleetman, A., Baldwin, A., Jenkinson, E., Pantrini, S., Stewart, J., Contractor, N., Roberts, T., Butler, J., Pinto, A., Lee, D., Brayley, N., Robbshaw, K., Dix, C., Graham, S., Pye, S., Green, M., Kellins, A., Moulton, C., Fogg, B., Cottingham, R., Funnell, S., Shanker, U., Summers, C., Malek, L., Ashcroft, C., Powell, J., Moore, S., Buckley, S., Grocutt, M., Chambers, S., Morrice, A., Marshall, H., Harris, J., Matthews, W., Tippet, J., Mardell, S., Macmillan, F., Shaw, A., Luthra, P., Dixon, G., Ahmed, M., Young, M., Mason, S., Loveday, I., Clark, C., Taylor, S., Wilson, P., Ali, K., Greenwood, S., White, M., Perez, R., Eljamel, S., Wasserberg, J., Shale, H., Read, C., Mccarron, J., Pennell, A., Ray, G., Thurston, J., Brown, E., Jaffey, L., Graves, M., Bailey, R., Loveridge, N., Evans, G., Hughes, S., Richardson, J., Gallagher, C., Odedun, T., Lees, K., Foley, D., Payne, N., Pennycook, A., Griffiths, C., Moore, D., Byrne, D., Dasan, S., Banerjee, Abhishek, Mcguinness, S., Chikhani, C., Zoltie, N., Barlow, I., Stell, I., Hulse, W., Crossley, J., Watkins, L., Dorani, B., Vanviet, T., Saladino, P., Cabrera, A., Baigent, C., Bracken, M., Chadwick, D., Curley, K., Duley, L., Farrell, B., Haegi, M., Nickson, G., Peto, R., Pickard, J., Roberts, I., Sandercock, P., Teasdale, G., Collins, R., Haines, S., Macmahon, S., Warlow, C., Edwards, P., Ritchie, N., Shakur, H., Ramos, M., Barnetson, L., Fernandes, J., Tooth, D., Free, C., Narayanan, L., Collander, J., Abernethy, J., Bardswell, J., Mashru, R., Godward, C., Afolabi, L., Ritchie, A., Hosford, T., Collingwood, A., Massey, S., Plata R., Annetta M. (ORCID:0000-0001-7574-1311), Banerjee A., Olldashi, F., Muzha, I., Filipi, N., Lede, R., Copertari, P., Traverso, C., Copertari, A., Vergara, E. A., Montenegro, C., De Huidobro, R. R., Surt, K., Cialzeta, J., Lazzeri, S., Pinero, G., Ciccioli, F., Videtta, W., Barboza, M. F., Svampa, S., Sciuto, V., Domeniconi, G., Bustamante, M., Waschbusch, M., Gullo, M. P., Drago, D. A., Linares, J. C. A., Camputaro, L., Troccoli, G., Galimberti, H., Tallott, M., Eybner, C., Buchinger, W., Fitzal, S., Mazairac, G., Oleffe, V., Grollinger, T., Delvaux, P., Carlier, L., Braet, V., Jacques, J. -M., De Knoop, D., Nasi, L., Choi, H. K., Schmitt, M., Gentil, A., Nacul, F., Barrios, P. B., Xinkang, C., Hua, L. S., Tian, H. H., Xiaodong, C., Gualteros, W., Otero, A. A., Arango, M., Ciro, J., Jaramillo, H., Garcia, G., Gonzalez, I., Gomez, C., Arias, A., Fonseca, M., Mora, C., Cabrera, E. G. L., Betancurth, J. L., Munoz, P., Quinonez, J. A., Castillo, M. E. G., Lopez, O., Yepes, R. P., Cuellar, D. L., Paez, G., Chaves, H. D., Ordonez, P. E., Plata, Riccardo, Pineda, M., Pulido, L. E., Jaramillo, J. S. V., Rebolledo, C., Palma, O., Soler, C., Pastrana, I., Falero, R., Perera, M. D., Garcia, A. A., Oliva, R., Delgado, H. L., Carnero, A. M., Lopez, B. L., Gallardo, A. L., Morales, A. O., Lezcano, H., Ferrer, M. I., Bess, I. Z., Canino, G. R., Ruiz, E. M. P., Cruz, O. G., Svoboda, P., Kantorova, I., Ochmann, J., Scheer, P., Kozumplik, L., Marsova, J., Edelmann, K., Chytra, I., Bosman, R., Andrejsova, H., Pachl, J., Burger, J., Kramar, F., Ulloa, M. I., Gonzalez, L., Daccach, A., Ortega, A., Cevallos, S., Cueva, B. Z., Ochoa, M., Tapia, J. V., Hurtado, J., Wong, M. C. S., Santos, R., Khamis, H., Abaza, A. H., Fekry, A., El Kordy, S., Shawky, T., El-Sayed, H., Khalil, N., Negm, N., Fisal, S., Shokry, H., Alamin, M., Elhusseny, A. Y., Radwan, A., Rashid, M., Gogichaisvili, T., Ingorokva, G., Gongadze, N., Otarashvili, A., Kleist, W., Kalkum, M., Ulrich, P., Andrews, N., Nakos, G., Karavelis, A., Archontakis, G., Myrianthefs, P., Yadav, Y., Yadav, S., Khatri, R., Baghel, A., Husain, M., Jha, D., Hoong Chhang, W., Dhandhania, M., Fonning, C., Iyengar, S. N., Gupta, S., Ravi, R. R., Bopiah, K. S., Herur, A., Venkataramana, N. K., Satish, A., Bhavadasan, K., Morris, R., Ramesh, S., Dewan, Y., Singh, Y., Bhagchandani, R., Bhagchandani, S., Sethurayar, V., Ipe, S., Sreekumar, G., Panigrahi, M., Reddy, A., Khosla, V., Pillay, H., Thomas, N., Sridhar, K., Jose, B., Kurian, N., Praharaj, S., Pillai, S., Ramana, Kiyawat, D., Maheshwari, K., Panikar, D., Chawla, J., Shenoy, S., Raja, A., Rupayana, Y., Reddy, S., Mohan, N., Kelkar, S., Johri, M., Golden, N., Maliawan, S., Fauzi, A., Farouk, U., Fakharian, E., Aramesh, A., Eghtedari, M., Ahmadzadeh, F., Gholami, A., Plunkett, P., Redican, C., Mcmahon, G., Annetta, Maria Giuseppina, Mouchaty, H., Bruzzone, E., Harding, B., Qureshi, M., Idris, Z., Abdullah, J., Ghazali, G., Ghani, A., Cheah, F., Gonzalez, J., Loria-Castellanos, J., Jackson, S., Hutchinson, R., Komolafe, E., Adeolu, A., Komolafe, M., Adeyemi-Doro, O., Bankole, F., Shehu, B., Danlami, V., Odebode, O., Oluwadiya, K., Sanni, A., Giebel, H., Kumar, S., Jooma, R., Mezquita, J., Ortiz Ovelar, C., Gonzales-Portillo, M., Rodriguez, D., Balica, L., Oprita, B., Sklerniacof, M., Steflea, L., Bandut, L., Danil, A., Iliescu, R., Ciurea, J., El-Dawlatly, A., Alwatidy, S., Al-Yafi, W., El-Dawlatly, M., Krunic-Protic, R., Janosevic, V., Tan, J., Seah, C., Trenkler, S., Humenansky, M., Stajancova, T., Schwendt, I., Laincz, A., Julius, Z., Maros, S., Firment, J., Cifranicova, M., Saniova, B., Kalig, K., Medekova, S., Wiszt, R., Macsuga, I., Hartzenberg, B., Du Plessis, G., Houlie, Z., Nathoo, N., Khumalo, S., Tracey, R., Munoz-Sanchez, A., Murillo-Cabezas, F., Flores-Cordero, J., Rincon-Ferrari, D., Rubi, M., Caler, L., Del Campo, M., Laguna, L., Manuel Nava, J., Minguillon, M., Lopez, A., Ramos-Gomez, L., De La Torre-Prados, V., Pellejero, R., Laloe, V., Mandrella, B., Suganthan, Perera, S., Mahendran, K., Stocker, R., Ludwig, S., Zimmermann, H., Denzler, U., Yutthakasemsunt, S., Kittiwattanagul, W., Watanachai, C., Subsompon, P., Pussanakawatin, W., Khunjan, P., Tangchitvittaya, S., Nilapong, S., Klangsang, T., Taechakosol, W., Srinat, A., Jerbi, Z., Borsali-Falfoul, N., Rezgui, M., Cakar, N., Ssenyonjo, H., Kobusingye, O., Lomas, G., Yates, D., Lecky, F., Bleetman, A., Baldwin, A., Jenkinson, E., Pantrini, S., Stewart, J., Contractor, N., Roberts, T., Butler, J., Pinto, A., Lee, D., Brayley, N., Robbshaw, K., Dix, C., Graham, S., Pye, S., Green, M., Kellins, A., Moulton, C., Fogg, B., Cottingham, R., Funnell, S., Shanker, U., Summers, C., Malek, L., Ashcroft, C., Powell, J., Moore, S., Buckley, S., Grocutt, M., Chambers, S., Morrice, A., Marshall, H., Harris, J., Matthews, W., Tippet, J., Mardell, S., Macmillan, F., Shaw, A., Luthra, P., Dixon, G., Ahmed, M., Young, M., Mason, S., Loveday, I., Clark, C., Taylor, S., Wilson, P., Ali, K., Greenwood, S., White, M., Perez, R., Eljamel, S., Wasserberg, J., Shale, H., Read, C., Mccarron, J., Pennell, A., Ray, G., Thurston, J., Brown, E., Jaffey, L., Graves, M., Bailey, R., Loveridge, N., Evans, G., Hughes, S., Richardson, J., Gallagher, C., Odedun, T., Lees, K., Foley, D., Payne, N., Pennycook, A., Griffiths, C., Moore, D., Byrne, D., Dasan, S., Banerjee, Abhishek, Mcguinness, S., Chikhani, C., Zoltie, N., Barlow, I., Stell, I., Hulse, W., Crossley, J., Watkins, L., Dorani, B., Vanviet, T., Saladino, P., Cabrera, A., Baigent, C., Bracken, M., Chadwick, D., Curley, K., Duley, L., Farrell, B., Haegi, M., Nickson, G., Peto, R., Pickard, J., Roberts, I., Sandercock, P., Teasdale, G., Collins, R., Haines, S., Macmahon, S., Warlow, C., Edwards, P., Ritchie, N., Shakur, H., Ramos, M., Barnetson, L., Fernandes, J., Tooth, D., Free, C., Narayanan, L., Collander, J., Abernethy, J., Bardswell, J., Mashru, R., Godward, C., Afolabi, L., Ritchie, A., Hosford, T., Collingwood, A., Massey, S., Plata R., Annetta M. (ORCID:0000-0001-7574-1311), and Banerjee A.

Abstract

Background Corticosteroids have been used to treat head injuries for more than 30 years. In 1997, findings of a systematic review suggested that these drugs reduce risk of death by 1-2%. The CRASH trial—a multicentre international collaboration—aimed to confirm or refute such an effect by recruiting 20 000 patients. In May, 2004, the data monitoring committee disclosed the unmasked results to the steering committee, which stopped recruitment. Methods 10 008 adults with head injury and a Glasgow coma score (GCS) of 14 or less within 8 h of injury were randomly allocated 48 h infusion of corticosteroids (methylprednisolone) or placebo. Primary outcomes were death within 2 weeks of injury and death or disability at 6 months. Prespecified subgroup analyses were based on injury severity (GCS) at randomisation and on time from injury to randomisation. Analysis was by intention to treat. Effects on outcomes within 2 weeks of randomisation are presented in this report. This study is registered as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN74459797. Findings Compared with placebo, the risk of death from all causes within 2 weeks was higher in the group allocated corticosteroids (1052 [21·1%] vs 893 [17·9%] deaths; relative risk 1·18 [95% CI 1·09-1·27]; p=0·0001). The relative increase in deaths due to corticosteroids did not differ by injury severity (p=0·22) or time since injury (p=0·05). Interpretation Our results show there is no reduction in mortality with methylprednisolone in the 2 weeks after head injury. The cause of the rise in risk of death within 2 weeks is unclear.

Published
2004

42. Pathological changes in experimental copper poisoning in chickens

Author

Shokry H. Kamel, A. R. Khater, and Adel F. Farid

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Chemistry, Poisoning, Body weight, Kidney, Molecular biology, Surgery, Liver, medicine, Animals, Controlled experiment, Copper poisoning, Chickens, Copper, Poultry Diseases
Abstract

Summary In a controlled experiment 100 chickens received a single dose of various amounts of 20% copper sulphate. There were 20 control birds. The symptoms and the gross and microscopical changes are described. The pathological findings in the different forms of copper poisoning in chickens are discussed and compared with what happens in mammals. Zusammenfassung Pathologische Veranderungen bei experimentellen Kupfervergiftungen von Kuken 100 Kuken erhielten einmalig eine verschiedene Dosis einer 20% Kupfersulfatlosung in den Kropf. Die klinischen Symptome sowie die makroskopischen und mikroskopischen Organveranderungen werden beschrieben. Resume Modifications pathologiques dans des intoxications experimentales au cuivre chez des poussins On administre a 100 poussins des doses differentes d'une solution de sulfate de cuivre a 20%, en application unique dans le gesier. On decrit les symptomes cliniques, de meme que les modifications organiques macroscopiques et microscopiques. Resumen Alteraciones patologicas en intoxicaciones de pollitos por el cobre 100 pollitos recibieron una sola vez en el buche dosis diversas de una solucion de sulfato de cobre al 20%. Se describen los sintomas clinicos, asi como las alteraciones organicas macro y microscopicas, comparandose con los eventos en los mamiferos.

Published
1971

43. Studies on blood transfusion in dogs

Author

Shokry H. Kamel and Ezzeldin A. Ezzat

Subjects
Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, Blood transfusion, Dogs, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Blood Group Incompatibility, medicine, Blood Group Antigens, Animals, Blood Transfusion, business, Surgery
Abstract

Summary Blood transfusion was carried out in 54 dogs to study compatibility. Large quantities of blood can be transfused in dogs from any donor to any recipient. Irrespective of their groups, the blood transfused may reach up to 50% of the recipient's blood volume without any danger at the first blood transfusion. Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen uber die Bluttransfusion bei Hunden Bei Hunden konnen grose Blutmengen von irgendeinem Spender auf beliebige Empfanger transfundiert werden. Bei der ersten Transfusion konnen ohne Beachtung der Blutgruppe Transfusionen bis zu 50% des Empfangerblutvolumens gefahrlos vorgenommen werden. Resume Etudes sur la transfusion sanguine chez les chiens On procede a des transfusions sanguines sur 54 chiens, pour une etude de la compatibilite. On peut transfuser de grandes quantites de sang a des chiens, de n'importe quel donneur a n'importe quel receveur. Quel que soit son groupe, le sang transfuse peut atteindre 50% du volume du sang du receveur, sans representer un danger a la premiere transfusion. Resumen Estudios sobre la transfusion sanguinea en perros La transfusion sanguinea se llevo a cabo en 54 perros con el fin de estudiar las compatibilidades. Grandes cantidades de sangre se pueden transfundir en perros desde cada donador a cada receptor. Independiente de sus grupos, la sangre transfundida puede alcanzar hasta el 50% del volumen de la sangre del receptor sin correr peligro en la transfusion primera de sangre.

Published
1969

44. Toxicity of the Egyptian garlic alkaloid injected into rats kept under various conditions of temperature and relative humidity

Author

Shokry H. Kamel

Subjects
Gynecology, Diarrhea, medicine.medical_specialty, Plants, Medicinal, Injury control, Accident prevention, business.industry, Vomiting, Alkaloid, Temperature, Poison control, Humidity, Surgery, Rats, Alkaloids, Toxicity, medicine, Animals, business, Garlic
Abstract

Summary 1 The M.L.D. and LD50 of a 1% solution of the alkaloidal extract of Egyptian garlic, Allium ampeloprasum, injected subcutaneously were determined in white rats. 2 A chronic toxicity test on the same laboratory animal, was negative 3 Toxic symptoms in rats injected with different doses (M.L.D. and LD50) of the drug were colic, severe diarrhoea, vomiting, incoordination and a reddish coloured urine. 4 Anaemia and leukocytosis were common in animals injected with the LD50 of the alkaloidal extract. The presence of a garlic odour, inflammation of the internal organs and pallor of the mucous membranes were post mortem features. 5 Rise of temperature and relative humidity greatly affect the mortality rate in rats dosed with the LD50 of the drug. Zusammenfassung Toxizitat des Alkaloides von agyptischem Knoblauch (Allium ampeloprasum) bei verschiedener Temperatur und relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit 1 An weisen Ratten wurde die M.L.D. und LD50 einer 1%oigen Losung des Alkaloid-Extraktes von agyptischem Knoblauch (Allium ampeloprasum) bestimmt. 2 Bei chronischer Applikation an demselben Versuchstier erwies sich der Extrakt als ungiftig. 3 Toxische Symptome bei Ratten, welche mit verschiedenen Dosen behandelt wurden, waren: Kolik, schwere Diarrhoe, Erbrechen, Inkoordination und Ausscheiden von rotlichem Urin. 4 Bei mit LD50 des Alkaloid-Extraktes behandelten Tieren traten regelmasig Anamie und Leukozytose auf. Die Sektion ergab: Knoblauch-Geruch, Entzundung der inneren Organe und blasse Schleimhaute. 5 Erhohung der Ausentemperatur und der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit ubten einen grosen Einflus auf die Mortalitat derjenigen Ratten aus, welche eine LD50 der Droge erhielten. Resume La toxicite de l'alcaloide de l'ail egyptien (Allium ampeloprasum) a differents degres de temperature et d'humidite de liair 1 On determina sur des rats blancs la D.L.M. et la DL50 d'une solution a 1% de l'extrait d'alcaloide de l'ail egyptien (Allium ampeloprasum). 2 Lors de l'administration prolongee au meme animal d'experience l'extrait se montra non toxique. 3 Les symptomes de toxicite observes sur les rats ayant recu differentes doses de l'alcaloide etaient: coliques, diarrhee grave, vomissements, incoordination des mouvements et elimination d'une urine rougeâtre. 4 Chez les animaux ayant recu la DL50 de l'extrait d'alcaloide on constata regulierement de l'anemie et de la leucocytose. L'autopsie mis en evidence une odeur d'ail, l'inflammation des organes internes et la pâleur des muqueuses. 5 L'augmentation de la temperature ambiante et de l'humidite relative de l'air eurent une grande influence sur la mortalite des rats qui recurent la DL50 de la drogue. Resumen Toxicidad del alcaloide de Allium ampeloprasum (ajo egipcio) a diferentes temperaturas y humedades relativas del aire 1 En ratas blancas se determinaron la DLM y la DL50 de una solucion al 1% del extracto alcaloideo de Allium ampeloprasum (ajo egipcio). 2 Durante la aplicacion cronica en el mismo animal de experimentacion, el extracto resulto ser atoxico. 3 Los sintomas toxicos en ratas, tratadas con diversas dosis, fueron: colico, diarrea profusa, vomito, incoordinacion y eliminacion de orina rojiza. 4 En los animales tratados con la DL50 del extracto alcaloideo aparecian con regularidad anemia y leucocitosis. La seccion descubrio: olor a ajos, inflamacion de los organos internos y mucosas palidas. 5 El aumento de la temperatura exterior y de la humedad relativa del aire ejercian una influencia grande sobre la mortalidad de aquellas ratas que recibieron una DL50 de la droga.

Published
1966

45. Preparation of antisera and identification of blood groups in dogs

Author

Ezzeldin A. Ezzat and Shokry H. Kamel

Subjects
Gynecology, Antiserum, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Immune Sera, Hemagglutination Tests, Dogs, Antibody Formation, medicine, Blood Group Antigens, Chromium Isotopes, Animals, Blood Transfusion, business
Abstract

Summary There are five blood groups in dogs. The most important is Group A since it causes clinical symptoms on repeated inoculations from positive donors to negative recipients. In no case however were these symptoms dangerous to the life of the recipients. The antibodies formed cause destruction of the transfused red cells. Zusammenfassung Herstellung von Antiseren und die Blutgruppenbestimmung bei Hunden Bei Hunden konnen 5 Blutgruppen unterschieden werden. Die wichtigste ist die Gruppe A, da bei negativen Empfangern nach wiederholten Transfusionen von Blut positiver Donatoren klinische Storungen auftreten. Diese Storungen sind jedoch in keinem der beobachteten Falle lebensgefahrlich. Die entwickelten Antikorper zerstoren die transfundierten Erythrozyten. Resume Preparation d'antiserums et identification des groupes sanguins chez le chien On trouve cinq groupes sanguins chez les chiens. Le plus important est le groupe A, car il cause des symptomes cliniques lors de transfusions sanguines repetees de donneurs positifs a receveurs negativs. Ces symptomes ne menacent pourtant pas la vie du receveur. Les anticorps formes provoquent une destruction des globules rouges transfuses. Resumen La preparacion de antisueros e identificacion de los grupos sanguineos en perros En los perros existen cinco grupos sanguineos. El grupo mas importante es el A, puesto que origina sintomas clinicos al repetirse las inoculaciones de donadores positivos a receptores negativos. Sin embargo, en ningun caso resultaron ser peligrosos estos sintomas para la vida de los receptores. Los anticuerpos formados ocasionaban la destruccion de los eritrocitos transfundidos.

Published
1969

46. Effect of harmine and harmaline hydrochloride on pregnancy in white rats

Author

Salah M. Hamza, Shokry H. Kamel, and Tahany M. Ibrahim

Subjects
Gynecology, Pregnancy, medicine.medical_specialty, Indoles, Time Factors, Hydrochloride, business.industry, medicine.disease, Rats, Abortion, Spontaneous, chemistry.chemical_compound, Harmaline, Harmine, Alkaloids, chemistry, medicine, Animals, Pregnancy, Animal, Female, Embryo Implantation, business, Fetal Death, Maternal-Fetal Exchange
Abstract

Summary The effect of a harmine: harmaline 2:1 mixture on early and late pregnancy was studied in rats by assessing the abortifacient action of this alka-loidal preparation in animals injected subcutaneously with one-tenth of the LD 50 of the preparation daily for five successive days. The possible causes of foetal death are discussed. Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung von Harmin und Harmalin-Hydrochlorid auf der Graviditat weiser Ratten Der abortive Effekt einer Mischung von Harmin und Harmalin im Verhaltnis 2:1 bei kurz- und langtrachtigen Ratten wurde untersucht. Das Pflanzenalkaloid wurde wahrend funf aufeinander folgenden Tagen in einer Dosis von je 1/10 des LD 50 subkutan injiziert. Die Ursachen des Fruchttodes werden besprochen. Resume Effet de l'hydrochlorure d'harmine et d'harmaline sur la gestation chez des rats blancs On etudie l'effet d'un melange d'harmine: harmaline 2:1 sur le debut et la fin de la gestation chez des rats. On determine l'action abortive de ces alcaloides chez des animaux injectes par voie sous-cutanee, chaque jour, pendant 5 jours successifs, avec la preparation dosee a 1/10 de la LD50. On discute les causes possible de la mort foetale. Resumen Efecto de la harmina y clorhidrato de harmalina sobre la gestacion en ratas blancas Se estudio el efecto de la mezcla harmina: harmalina 2:1 sobre la gestacion temprana y avanzada en ratas, avaluando la accion abortiva de esta especialidad alcaloidea en los animales inyectados a diario por via subcutanea con la decima parte de la DL50 de la preparacion durante cinco dias consecutivos. Se discuten las causas posibles de la muerte fetal.

Published
1971

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