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Female Sex Workers are among those women who are significantly more vulnerable to violence. Apart from the human rights perspective, assessing the frequency of violence among sex workers is especially important because of its relation to the spread of HIV and other sexually-transmitted infections. This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among 263 female sex workers in southern parts of Tehran and their suburban regions in 2017 where the population is considered more socially and economically vulnerable. To evaluate univariate analysis between sexual violence and physical violence as dependent variables and the assumed exposures as well as confounders, the models were built distinctly. The models included exposures of the questionnaire as independent variables. The exposure factors with a p value of less than 0.2 were moved into the multiple logistic regression models. The rates of sexual violence and physical violence were reported as 72.2% and 82.3% respectively. According to our results, sexual violence is associated with higher education, working in streets, drug usage, having the experience of forced unprotected sex and feeling of discrimination. Physical violence is associated with low education, drug usage and feeling of discrimination in multiple analyses. Addressing the violence against female sex workers is a complex multifactorial issue in Iran. It requires structural changes in some social, legal, economic and health infrastructure programs.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adults and its early detection is effective in the successful treatment of children. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely used for classifying ADHD and normal children. In recent years, deep learning leads to more accurate classification.This study aims to adapt convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for classifying ADHD and normal children based on the connectivity measure of their EEG signals.In this experimental study, the dataset consisted of 61 ADHD and 60 normal children from which 13021 epochs were extracted as input for model training and evaluation. Synchronization likelihood (SL) and wavelet coherence (WC) were considered connectivity measures. The neighborhood between EEG channels was arranged in a two-dimensional matrix for better representation. Four-dimensional (4D) and six-dimensional (6D) connectivity tensors were composed as model inputs. Two architectures were developed, one 4D and 6D CNN for SL and WC-based diagnosis of ADHD, respectively.A 5-fold cross-validation was utilized to assess developed models. The average accuracy of 98.56% for 4D CNN and 98.85% for 6D CNN in epoch-based classification were obtained. In the case of subject-based classification, the accuracy was 99.17% for both models.Based on the evaluation metrics of the proposed models, ADHD children can be diagnosed and ADHD and normal children can be successfully distinguished.

Introduction: Nowadays, emotional reactions such as stress, anxiety and depression are ‎known as inseparable component of modern nursing, which cause problems for nurses and ‎patients. ‎ Objective: This study aims to determine the level of depression, anxiety and stress in nurses in ‎selected educational hospitals affiliated to a chosen university in Tehran city. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, ‎‏413‏‎ employed nurses in educational hospitals ‎affiliated to a selected university were chosen and a two part questionnaire was used which ‎included demographic characteristics and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale questionnaire.‎ ‎ Results: Study findings showed that ‎‏25‏‎.‎‏8%‏‎ of nurses suffered depression, ‎‏21‏‎.‎‏6%‏‎ had anxiety ‎and‏47‏‎.‎‏6%‏‎ had stress. Results showed significant relationship between depression, anxiety and ‎nurses marital status (P

Our objective was to evaluate the effect of surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse on female sexual function. Sixty seven women with pelvic organ prolapse were recruited in the study. Degree of pelvic organ prolapse was assessed using pelvic organ prolapse quantitation (POPQ) staging system. Female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaire was used to assess sexual function of the cases preoperatively and 12–16 weeks after the operation. Mean age of the cases was 36.03 ± 5.38 years. The total mean FSFI score increased from 15.9 ± 10.7 to 21.9 ± 11.1 (P < 0.05). Domain scores of desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and satisfaction were increased significantly (P < 0.05). The mean score for the pain-free intercourse decreased significantly. Results demonstrated that sexual function was improved postoperatively. Using various instruments to assess female sexual function and differences in demographic and cultural characteristics of study groups might be the reasons of discrepancy between the reports.

Background: There are many regional variations in the rate and predisposing factors of hearing loss and these could vary over time. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and possible etiology of severe to profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) among Iranian children who were a candidate for cochlear implantation. Materials and Methods: We designed a cross-sectional study to evaluate children with profound SNHL referred to Baqiyatallah Cochlear Implantation Center from all over the country of Iran. Among 471 referred children, 310 cases with diagnosis of bilateral profound SNHL ranging in age from 6 months to 4 years between 2005 and 2011 were enrolled. Results: The mean (±standard deviation) age of individuals and the mean age of diagnosis was 3.50 ± 1.23 and 164 (53%) were male. Considerable risk factors for SNHL in 218 patients (70.3%) were obvious. A total of 103 (33%) children had one or more close relatives with deafness in their family, so they were considered to be hereditary deafness cases, followed by prematurity 32 (10.3%), syndromic etiology 25 (8%), maternal toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes infection 12 (3.9%), severe hyperbilirubinemia 9 (3%), eruptive infections 9 (3%), meningitis 8 (2.6%), asphyxia 6 (2%), and oto-toxic drug 6 (2%). Our data showed the prevalence of 65% consanguineous marriage among parents of deaf children. Conclusion: This is the first attempt to describe the risk factor of SNHL in Iran. Among the identifiable causes of severe to profound SNHL in Iranian population, the consanguineous marriage was the most common risk factor. Further analytical studies focusing on the relation between etiology and demographic factors were recommended.