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A putative transcriptional coactivator KELP of Arabidopsis thaliana and its homolog of Brassica campestris (BcKELP) can bind the movement protein (MP) of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) in vitro and, when transiently over-expressed, interfere with the cell-to-cell movement of ToMV. In this study, we generated and selected transgenic Nicotiana tabacum lines expressing BcKELP constitutively and examined their resistance to ToMV. We also investigated changes in MP localization in initially infected Nicotiana benthamiana cells expressing BcKELP transiently. Our results indicate that a high expression of BcKELP can reduce viral initial and short-distance movement probably through disturbance of plasmodesmal targeting of MP.

This paper deals with modeling and control systems design of a toner supply system of photocopiers. It is important to keep an image of the photocopier constant during printing. To realize the requirement, it is necessary to control the amount of the toner attracting to the paper. This paper proposes a design method of the toner supply control system. First, the printing process is divided to two components, that is, the toner supply system and development system. System identification method is applied to these systems in consideration of physical characteristics of the systems. Second, the toner supply control system is designed by model predictive control (MPC). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is examined by using the experimental data using a photocopier.

背景:神経内分泌細胞への分化neuroendocrine features (以下NEF) を伴う浸潤性乳癌は比較的まれであるが, 細胞診が診断に有用であった3症例を経験したので報告する.症例:全例女性, 症例1は28歳, 右前胸部打撲後腫瘤形成, 血性分泌が持続し来院. 症例2は45歳, 右乳房に約2cm大の腫瘤に気づき来院. 症例3は右乳房に自潰する約10cm大の腫瘤を認めた. これらの腫瘤の細胞診では, 結合性の比較的緩い小-中集塊ならびに不完全なロゼット様構造がみられた. 腫瘍細胞は軽度の大小不同を伴う中型の類円型細胞が主体で, クロマチンは細顆粒状で増量しN/C比大, 核型は軽度不整, 核小体は腫大していた. 細胞質は比較的豊富で重厚感と細顆粒状変化, 混濁したライトグリーン好染性を特徴とし浸潤性乳癌の所見とともにNEFを疑った. しかし, 各症例では, 多数のOsteoclast様多核巨細胞の出現, 背景に粘液成分を認めるなど, 多彩な所見もみられた. 組織所見でも, 同様な所見を認め, さらに, 腫瘍細胞では, Grimelius染色陽性, 免疫組織化学的に, Chromogranin AなどのNEFのマーカーが陽性となり, NEFを伴う浸潤性乳癌と診断された.結論:乳癌の細胞診においてもNEFの存在とその組織型の多彩さを念頭に置き診断することが必要と思われた.

To replace mercury lamps with AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet (DUV) LEDs, a simple and low-cost package with increased light extraction efficiency (LEE) is indispensable. Therefore, resin encapsulation is considered to be a key technology. However, the photochemical reactions induced by DUV light cause serious problems, and conventional resins cannot be used. In the former part of this study, a comparison of a silicone resin and fluorine polymers was carried out in terms of their suitability for encapsulation, and we concluded that only one of the fluorine polymers can be used for encapsulation. In the latter part, the endurance of encapsulation using the selected fluorine polymer was investigated, and we confirmed that the selected fluorine polymer can guarantee a lifetime of over 6,000 h at a wavelength of 265 nm. Furthermore, a 3 × 4 array module of encapsulated dies on a simple AlN submount was fabricated, demonstrating the possibility of W/cm2-class lighting.

Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) encodes a movement protein (MP) that is necessary for virus cell-to-cell movement. We have demonstrated previously that KELP, a putative transcriptional coactivator of Arabidopsis thaliana, and its orthologue from Brassica campestris can bind to ToMV MP in vitro. In this study, we examined the effects of the transient over-expression of KELP on ToMV infection and the intracellular localization of MP in Nicotiana benthamiana, an experimental host of the virus. In co-bombardment experiments, the over-expression of KELP inhibited virus cell-to-cell movement. The N-terminal half of KELP (KELPdC), which had been shown to bind to MP, was sufficient for inhibition. Furthermore, the over-expression of KELP and KELPdC, both of which were co-localized with ToMV MP, led to a reduction in the plasmodesmal association of MP. In the absence of MP expression, KELP was localized in the nucleus and the cytoplasm by the localization signal in its N-terminal half. It was also shown that ToMV amplified normally in protoplasts prepared from leaf tissue that expressed KELP transiently. These results indicate that over-expressed KELP interacts with MP in vivo and exerts an inhibitory effect on MP function for virus cell-to-cell movement, but not on virus amplification in individual cells.

The currently available resins for underfilling and encapsulation are limited to wavelengths longer than approximately 330 nm because almost all resins are decomposed by deep-ultraviolet light. Fluorine resins are possible materials for underfilling and encapsulation in deep-ultraviolet LEDs, and we have investigated methods of underfilling and encapsulation using such resins. Also, their durability at wavelengths of 265 and 285 nm has been studied from the photochemical viewpoint, and we propose a stable amorphous fluorine resin that is optically isotropic. Also, a trial of encapsulation using the resin has been made.