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Dye-sensitized solar cells are expected to be used for future clean energy. Recently, most of the researchers in this field use Ruthenium complex as dye in the dye-sensitized solar cells. However, Ruthenium is a rare metal, so the cost of the Ruthenium complex is very high. In this paper, various dye-sensitized solar cells have been fabricated using natural dye, such as the dye of red-cabbage, curcumin, and red-perilla. As a result, it was found that the conversion efficiency of the solar cell fabricated using the mixture of red-cabbage and curcumin was about 0.6% (light source: halogen lamp), which was larger than that of the solar cells using one kind of dye. It was also found that the conversion efficiency was about 1.0% for the solar cell with the oxide semiconductor film fabricated using polyethylene glycol (PEG) whose molecular weight was 2,000,000 and red-cabbage dye. This indicates that the cost performance (defined by [conversion efficiency]/[cost of dye]) of the latter solar cell (dye: red-cabbage) is larger by more than 50 times than that of the solar cell using Ruthenium complex, even if the effect of the difference between the halogen lamp and the standard light source is taken into account.

The gas hollow tungsten arc (GHTA) welding experiments on aluminum pipe were carried out in a simulated space environment using an aircraft. A vacuum chamber and welding machine for GHTA welding test were placed in the cabin of the aircraft and the 10− 2 G gravity environment was produced by a parabolic flight of the aircraft. The square butt welding joints with non root gap on aluminum pipe were made by orbital welding in the vacuum chamber without wire filler metal using DC or DC-pulsed power supply under the 10− 2 and 1 G gravity conditions. The welding phenomenon during the aluminum GHTA welding recorded in the high-speed video image was analysed and also the macrostructure and mechanical properties of butt weld joints were investigated. The welding experiments under simulated space environment showed that the DC-pulsed GHTA process could make the welding joints without the weld defects such as a lack of fusion, oxide film inclusion and spattering, though throat thickness decreased by the impulsive ar...

The characteristics of flow oscillations in density wave instabilities are experimentally investigated by means of a deterministic method based on chaotic dynamics. The results are as follows. (1) The flow oscillation analyzed in this paper is chaotic and obeys a dynamics with a small degree of freedom. (2) Given the mass flux, the dimension of the attractor in the unstable region decreases with the heat flux, which means that the randomness of the dynamics gradually attenuates with departure from the marginal stability boundary, and the structure of the attractor becomes simpler. (3) The dimension of the attractor can be related to the fundamental frequency, which means that the characteristics of the chaotic dynamics generating the density wave instability depend mainly on the fundamental frequency in the flow oscillation independent of the differences in the experimental conditions. (4) The least number of significant figures of the time-series data is two, but it is plausible to take more than three if possible.

The blood supply of the hypophysis in the dog was examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The anterior hypophyseal arteries converged toward the infundibular stalk, subdivided in the stalk, and entered the primary capillary net and capillary loops in the median eminence lying at the base of the third ventriculus. The portal vessels originated from the capillary net and loops, and were continuous with the capillary sinusoids in the pars distalis. Some of the anterior hypophyseal arteries supplied the pars distalis directly and were also continuous with capillary sinusoids. In its caudal pole, the pars nervosa received the posterior hypophyseal arteries, which formed a capillary plexus in the pars nervosa. The vessels of the pars nervosa broke up into a primary capillary net at the caudal areas in the median eminence. The vasculature in the dog hypophysis is compared with that in the rat.

The characteristics of flow oscillations in density wave instabilities are experimentally investigated by means of the deterministic manner based on chaotic dynamics. The results are as follows. ( 1 ) The least number of significant figures of the time-series data is two, but it is plausible to take more than three if possible. ( 2 ) The flow oscillation analyzed in this paper is chaotic and obeys a dynamics with a small degree of freedom. ( 3 ) Given the mass flux, the dimension of the attractor in the unstable region decreases with the heat flux, which means that the randomness of the dynamics gradually attenuates with departure from the stability threshold and the structure of the attractor becomes simpler. ( 4 ) The dimension of the attractor can be related to the fundamental frequency, which means that the characteristics of the chaotic dynamics generating the density wave instability depend mainly on the fundamental frequency in the flow oscillation independent of the differences in the experimental conditions.

Female mice were divided into androgenized (AF) and control (CF) groups. The AF mice were injected subcutaneously with testosterone propionate (Tp) and the CF mice with sesame oil at 5 days of age. Mammotropes (PRL cells) and somatotropes (GH cells) in the adenohypophyses of these mice when they became adults were studied with immunohistochemistry and morphometry by light microscopy correlated with routine electron microscopy. In CF mice, almost all of the PRL-immunoreactive cells (about 43% of all parenchymal cells) were type I (classical) PRL cells, and almost all of the GH-immunoreactive cells (about 30% of all parenchymal cells) were type I (classical) GH cells. Type II PRL cells accounted for about 0.4% of parenchymal cells, and type II GH cells were about 2.5% of all parenchymal cells. In AF mice, the percentages of PRL and GH cells were not significantly different from those of CF mice. Mammosomatotropes (Ms cells) in both groups were less than 1% of all parenchymal cells. Numbers of all parenchymal, PRL and GH cells, however, were increased significantly in AF mice when compared to those in CF, because the adenohypophysis was increased in volume in AF mice. Type I PRL cells were larger in AF than in CF. The ultrastructure suggested that type I PRL cells may show increased PRL synthesis and secretion in AF mice. Furthermore, AF mice, in which the hypothalamus is masculinized by the neonatal treatment with Tp, retained feminine characteristics in the population and size of PRL cells and GH cells in the adenohypophysis.

The maternal vascular architecture of the dog girdle placenta from 30 to 63 (full term) days of pregnancy was investigated on corrosion casts by means of scanning electron microscopy.Each zone in the zonary girdle of the dog placenta was supplied by the radial arteries which were emitted from the arcuate arteries. The radial arteries branched three to five times giving off arterioles in the middle of the labyrinth which reached the allantochorionic side of the labyrinth. Subsequently, the arterioles emitted capillaries which formed a network in the labyrinthine zone. The capillary network was oriented in feto-maternal direction. Venules originating from the network converged into the radial veins near the junctional zone. Finally the radial veins joined the arcuate veins.At 30 days of pregnancy, the capillary network of the labyrinthine zone had a basic architecture. It developed remarkably in quantity from 30 to 45 days of pregnancy, with prominent development from 40 to 45 days. Though the network continuously developed from 45 days onward, the rate of development was lower than before. In the placenta of 45 days, the capillary network of the labyrinthine zone completed its development as well as its arrangement.

Adenohypophyses of porcine fetuses from 25 to 110 days of gestation were studied by immunohistochemical staining to ascertain the ontogeny of specific cell types and their spatial distribution in the pars distalis. No hormonecontaining cells were found before 30 days of gestation. ACTH cells were observed first at 40 days, while GH and LH cells appeared first at 60 days. PRL cells were initially detected at 105 days. ACTH immunoreactive cells were also observed in the pars intermedia at 40 days. Blood capillaries were interposed between cell cords of the pars distalis after 40 days of gestation. ACTH cells were evenly distribution in all areas of the pars distalis except the rostal area (sex zone). GH cells were densely distributed in lateral wings of the pars distalis and immediately anterior to Rathke's lumen. PRL cells resembled GH cells in their distribution pattern, but PRL cells were fewer in number. LH cells were scattered in the sex zone of the pars distalis from 60 to 80 days of gestation. After 90 days, they became scattered throughout the pars distalis but were more numerous in the sex zone than in other areas. The inductive elements of adenohypophysial cells from Rathke's pouch epithelia are discussed. We hypothesize that cell cords of specific areas facing Rathke's lumen may differentiate into specific cell types of the pars distalis during fetal life. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Development of the large intestine in the insectivore Suncus murinus (the laboratory shrew) was investigated from day 21 to 30 of gestation and from birth to 20 days of age. Two days before birth, the stratified epithelium in the large intestine changed into a single layer. Although neither villi nor villus-like structures were ever present, fissures, corresponding to openings of the crypts, appeared on the mucosal surface before birth. These increased in number as well as in width and depth, connected with each other, and gave the mucosal surface a ridge-like appearance by 20 days of age. An elevation containing submucosae appeared shortly after birth and formed a large circular fold during the neonatal period. Goblet cells were the predominant epithelial cell type. Individual epithelial cells were mature-looking a few days before birth; goblet cells contained numerous mucous globules and absorptive cells possessed well-developed organelles. However, although goblet cells increased in number and exhibited active mucous-releasing forms after birth, absorptive cells never showed morphologic evidence of active endocytosis, such as apical endocytotic complexes and large supranuclear vacuoles. Each epithelial cell was similar in ultrastructure to that of the adult shortly after birth.

The interhemal membrane of the chorioallantoic placenta in the insectivore Suncus murinus was investigated by means of electron microscopy. In the interhemal membrane the syncytiotrophoblast clearly intervened between the hypertrophied maternal endothelium and the fetal endothelium by day 20 of pregnancy. Although the syncytiotrophoblast showed a sieve-like feature from day 20 to 24, it was distinctly continuous. The syncytiotrophoblast, however, became discontinuous in most areas of the labyrinthine zone after day 24, and finally both projections of the maternal and the fetal endothelium contacted each other. These findings indicate the focal existence of an endothelio-endothelial condition within an otherwise endothelio-chorial placenta.

Flow reversal phenomena in natural-circulation boilers are studied analytically according to both the homogeneous-flow model and the slip-flow model. In the latter model Thom's pressure drop correlation is used. The pressure drop between the upper steam-water drum and the lower header is assumed not to be affected by inception of reverse flow in an evaporator tube which will be analyzed later.The mechanism of flow reversal is examined through analysis of the static flow characteristics of the evaporator tube in the non-dimensional form. Some important dimensionless parameters are introduced and their effects on inception of reverse flow are studied.It was found that the criterion of flow reversal is correlated practically with only three dimensionless parameters. Finally, an approximate method to predict flow reversal is put forward.

Light and electron microscopic morphometry was performed on the parathyroid (PT) glands of the SHC rats with naturally occurring chronic renal failure. Macroscopically, the PT glands were distinctively hypertrophied in 24-week-old male SHC rats when compared with the corresponding controls, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Light microscopic morphometry on consecutive sections of the PT glands showed that the volume was about 3 times greater in the SHC rats, whereas there was no difference in the size of the chief cells. Mitoses were often found in the PT glands of the SHC rats. The total number of mitoses was about 8.5 times greater in the SHC rats, and was closely related to the volume of the PT glands. Ultrastructural morphometry of the chief cells revealed an increase in the cell surface area by the interdigitation of the plasma membrane and increases in the volume of mitochondria and Golgi complex. Secretory granules sometimes existed close to the cell surface in the SHC rats, but not in the SD rats. These results suggest that the PT glands of the SHC rats are hyperplastic mainly because of the proliferation of the chief cells. Concurrently, an increase in volume of the cell organelles suggests enhanced secretion activity in the chief cells.

An α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound when reduced by lithium aluminium hydride in the presence of lanthanoid chloride, bromide, iodide, or acetylacetonate gives, selectivity, an allylic alcohol, while in its absence saturated alcohol formation predominates. Such reactions can be applied to various α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, esters, and lactones. In addition to its wide applicability, this reagent appears to be easier to use, than other known reducing reagents.

Several types of endocrine cells have been described in the gastrointesinal mucosa of the various mammals. Endocrine cells in the suncus intestine are reported to be divided into at least two types on the basis of features of their granules. Our preliminary observation showed four types of endocrine cells in the suncus intestine. In the present paper, we will describe these endocrine cells in detail.

The development of the small intestine in the insectivore Suncus murinus was noted during the period from 21 days' gestation to 20 days after birth. At 21 days of gestation, the proximal small intestine exhibited the beginning of villus formation, whereas the distal small intestine preserved the stratified epithelium. Stratified epithelium in the distal small intestine changed into a single layer by 24 days' gestation. At 26 days' gestation, each epithelial cell was immature; but by 28 days mature-looking epithelial cells were found. The shape of the villi changed from cuboid to columnar during the same period. The connective-tissue cores of the villi began to develop at 7 days after birth in the proximal small intestine and at 15 days after birth in the distal small intestine. Crypts appeared at 15 days after birth. Endocytosis of epithelial cells took place at 28 days of gestation. In the proximal small intestine, supranuclear vesicle clusters were observed first at birth; they began to decrease both in number and size at 10 days' gestation and then disappeared completely by 20 days after birth. In the distal small intestine, large supranuclear vacuoles were observed first at 28 days of gestation. Although these vacuoles invariably were found up to 15 days after birth, they also disappeared completely by 20 days. Epithelial cells showed a structure similar to those of the adult after weaning.

Behaviors of disturbance waves in an evaporating tube are experimentally investigated in high quality region using conductance probe method under the following conditions : pressure 2.95 Mpa, mass velocity 300, 500 and 700kg/(m2 ·s), heat flux up to 1.2 MW/m2 and thermodynamic quality larger than 0.80. As the results of comparison with air-water adiabatic data, it is found that the disturbance waves in the boiling steam-warter system has the following remarkable features ; a) the wave does not take sharp spike like form and has a log tail, b) scattering of the propagation speed is larger than that of the air-water system, c) the space separation of two neighboring wave does not vary significantiy with the quality. It is also confirmed that the disturbance waves have a close connection with the wall temperature fluctuation at the dryout region.

油燃焼ボイラの外部よごれの誘因となる主要な汚染元素は, よく知られているようにNa, S, Vなどであるが, これらの汚染元素がどんな過程で, またどんな化合物の形をとって伝熱面に付着してくるかといった機構についてはまだ明確でない.すなわち, これら付着してくる物質および伝熱面上で形成される反応生成物で構成される付着たい積物についても, その性状や構造の形成過程を追求した詳しい研究は少ない.本論文はこれらの点を明らかにするため, 伝熱面温度を自由にコントロールできる模型炉を用いて, 外部よごれの詳細な実験を行なった.まず, 汚染物質を単味およびいろいろの組合せで模型炉に注入し, Na, S, Vがそれぞれ付着してくる際の化合物の形を調べた.ついで, Na, S, Vを同時に注入し, 伝熱面温度を75～680℃に変化させた実験をし, 付着たい積物の構造や, 付着してくる物質の付着後の反応によって形成される物質について調べ, かっ, それらが伝熱面温度によってどのように変化するかも調べた.これらの実験により, ボイラで使用される全温度範囲にわたって, 付着してくる物質の形態, よごれの構造などが明らかとなり, 外部よごれの基本的な温度依存性をは握することができた.すなわち, 外部よごれは伝熱面温度によって低, 中, 高の三つの領域にわけられる.低温域は燃焼ガスから付着してくる物質が硫酸のみであること, 中温域は付着してくる物質が硫酸ナトリウムと五酸化バナジウム, およびそれらに吸収される硫酸であり, 伝熱面上ではピロ硫酸ナトリウムなどが形成されること, 高温域は硫酸ナトリウムと五酸化バナジウムがガスから付着し, これらが伝熱面上でナトリ.ウムバナジルバナデート, とくにNa2O・V2O4・5V2O5を形成すること, によって特徴づけられる.また, 外部よごれの量と伝熱面温度との関係については, よごれの量は低温域をすぎるといったん激減し, 温度が250℃あたりを越えるとまた高温域にいたるまで次第に増大するが, さらに高温になって五酸化バナジウム, 硫酸ナトリウムの露点に近づくと再び減少することがわかった.

グルコース6リン酸脱水素酵素(G-6-PDH)は,ペントースリン酸回路内で,6ホスホグルコン酸脱水素酵素とともに,NADPの産生を行なう.この産生されたNADPはステロイドの水酸化と直接関係している.本実験は,イヌ胎盤の迷路部,接合帯および血腫部の栄養膜におけるG-6-PDH活性を,組織化学的に明らかにするために行なった.妊娠30日から満期までの計7例のイヌ胎盤を用いた.採取した材料は,クリオスタットで10μmの切片とし,RUDOLPH & KLEINの方法に準じてG-6-PDHを検出した.Sudan Black BおよびOil red Oによる脂質染色,ならびにコレステロールとそのエステルの検出も行なった.迷路部の栄養膜は,細胞性栄養膜と合胞体性栄養膜とから構成されるが,両者に中等度以上の酵素活性が認められた.一方接合帯および血腫部のそれは,細胞性栄養膜のみで構成されるが,弱度の酵素活性を示した.酵素活性の経時的変化はみられなかったが,満期には減少した.迷路部の栄養膜に微細な脂質滴,一方接合帯および血腫部のそれに大型脂質滴が認められた.しかしながら,接合帯の栄養膜には少量のコレステロールとそのエステルが存在したが,迷路部および血腫部のそれには存在しなかった.

Studies on morphogenesis of uterine horn, especially with uterine caruncle in Japanese Native Cattle were undertaken. Uteri from thirty-three fetuses ranging from 5cm to 72cm in Crown-Rump length were used in this study. Longitudinal sections of the horn as well as cross sections were studied microscopically beside macroscopical observations. Stainings employed were hematoxylin-eosin, van Gieson's and periodic acid-Schiff procedure. Histolgical measurements were made with an aid of ocular micrometer. Prior to appearance of caruncle, a loose bulge of mucosa accompanied by protuberance of epithelium are recognized in uteri of fetuses ranging from 18cm to 28cm in C. R. length. The uterine caruncle first appears in a fetus of 32cm-33cm in C. R. length and thereafer it acquires a trapezoid form during the period up to the stage of 35cm in C. R. length. Afterwards, the caruncle still continues to enlarge exclusively but the qualitative differentiation is not so remarkable. In an early stage, the caruncle is identified as a bulge consisted of mucosal tissue exclusively. In uteri of fetuses larger than 35cm in C. R. length, ring muscle layer also elevates slightly beneath the caruncle and some fibers branch off into caruncular stroma in accordance with the growth of the caruncle. In mucosa of uteri earlier than the appearance of the caruncle, only capillary vessels are found. With start of the caruncular growth, small blood vessels begin to penetrate into the stromal tissue of the caruncle. Thereafter they increase progressively in caliber and distribution. Circular blood vessels of subcaruncular uterine wall are observed to be larger than those of intercaruncular wall. Wandering leucocytes are found very frequently in uterine wall of bovine fetuses larger than 33cm-35cm in C. R. length. Leucocytes are observed to be more frequently in larger fetuses and in outer layers of the uterus. Leucocytes observed are eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. The intercaruncular uterine mucosa of fetuses larger than 45cm in C. R. length is divided in two layers according to the density of stromal cells and these layers respectively represent similar characters as those of adult. Meanwhile, interior of the caruncle is that of embryonal connective tissue.

The investigation of rat testes was conducted to ascertain whether the testicular endocrine function bears any relation to the maturation of animal from the view point of morphological aspects. The ponceau-fuchsin stain was employed and the results were compared with those of Azan stain made for general histology.Interstitial cells are distinguishable as LEYDIG cells at approximately 1 month of age which corresponds to the puberty of individual animal. From this date onward mature LEYDIG cells show degranulation as well as the peripheral vacuolation. The granular interstitial cells differentiated from indifferential cells. Transformation into the LEYDIG cell involves nuclear changes as well as the acquisition of much cytoplasm which underwent an apparent sequence of modification. The disintegration of LEYDIG cells appeared first in a few of the large cells in the animals prior to the appearance of mature spermatozoa in a tubule.In an adult rat testis, various stages in the disintegration of LEYDIG cells were seen in the intertubular space, where a well-developed reticular framework is seen spread throughout the entire space. Whole cytoplasm of mature LEYDIG cells are filled with fuchsinophilic granules, on the other hand no fuchsinophilic, granular cells were seen in an immature rat testis.Thus the fuchsinophilic granules are seen abundantly around the degranulating cells and in the framework. Fuchsinophilia in the LEYDIG cells may be considered to be in close relation with the male hormone substance.

1. ここに報告された生殖器異常の豚はヨークシヤー一種で年令約6カ月のものである。外部生殖器は一見したところでは雌型を呈し,その各要素には特に異常を認めない。陰門から外界に向かつて,わずかに陰茎様の突出物があり,その基部には貧弱な包皮が認められた。2. 内部生殖器には雌雄両性の各器官が見られた。尿生殖管起始部付近はきわめて複雑な様相を示し,そこには精嚢末端すなわち射精管および尿道が開口するが,この部分は同時にまた腟の末端でもあり,さらにその周囲を前立腺が取り巻いている。この部分から先は迂曲する長い骨盤部尿道となり外陰部に通ずる。3. 精巣組織は大形で精細管および間質組織がよく発達していたが,これに反し卵巣組織は実質的には欠除していたといえる。精細胞および卵細胞は全く認めることができなかつた。生殖器の奇形としてはPseudoherm-aphroditismus bilateralisの型に属するものと考えられる。4. 生殖器の正常発達に関する知見を参考にして,その成因を発生学的および内分泌学的見地から論じた。豚の雌雄同体に関する報告が現在まで比較的少ないので充分な考察を加えることができない。成因についてなんらかの結論に達するためには,さらに多くの報告が必要となるであろう。

1. These experiments were undertaken to investigate the direct action of testosterone on the testis. Three groups of rats of Wistar strain were used in this study. The effects of testosterone on 1) an immature testis, 2) a completely involuted adult testis (one month after the hypophysectomy), and 3) a slightly involuted adult testis (three days after the hypophysectomy) were investigated respectively. Intratesticular implants of testosterone pellet was employed throughout the investigation.2. Upon an immature testis, the testosterone implantation has an inhibitory effect, but it has not the proliferative action on the control side, That is characterized by the poor intratubular development.The effect of testosterone either in the presence or absence of ICSH and FSH was discussed.3. The maintenance of the spermatogenesis is observed in an implanted testis after three days of the hypophysectomy and from the results it seems to be considered that testosterone has the action to stimulate the spermatogenesis.After three days of hypophysectomy, the destruction of both spermatozoa and spermatids were seen in the tubule, then the restoration of spermato genesis was brought about by the two weeks' test sterone treatment. On the other hand, one month after the hypophysectomy, testosterone had no restorative effect on the proliferation of germ cells. The difference of the effect of testosterone between the former and the latter was discessed.4. The hypertrophy of the interstitial tissue and the hyperplasia of the LEYDIG cells were accompanied by the hypophysectomy, which became completely regressive after while. But the significance of the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the intertubular elements, observed in this study has not been understood yet.

1. 妊娠期の牛子宮小丘間粘膜における組織化学的物質の消長を明らかにする目的で本研究を行なった.この目的でC. R. L. 2.5cmから82cmにおよぶ胎児を含む妊娠和牛から得られた子宮組織について,脂肪および炭水化物(グリコゲンと多糖体)の分布が研究され,その所見は胎児栄養素の観点から討議された.2. 妊娠の初期,表面上皮が崩壊する過程において,上皮内にズダン好性の脂質が出現する.これと同時に,開口部領域の腺上皮にも脂肪小滴が出現する.妊娠の後期,再生された表面上皮はdiffuseなズダン好性を示すだけで小滴状脂質は認められない.このほか,退行性形質を示さない上皮細胞内にしばしばオスミウム酸好性の小滴または顆粒が認められた.この脂質は上記sud-anophiliaとは別種の脂質であろうと考えられる.ここに述べた両種の脂質は着床期ならびに妊娠早期の胚に利用されるhistotropheであるように見える.3. 胎児頂尾長が10cmの時期をすぎたものでは,子宮腺における脂肪性物質の分泌活性が増大しているように見える.同時に腺腔内にもしばしばズダン好性脂質が認められる.この活性は妊娠の末期に至るまでの材料を通じて継続的に認められることから,脂肪性物質は上述の時期以後における子宮乳の恒常的成分であるように見える.4. 妊娠期の牛子宮内膜におけるグリコゲンはきわめて微量であり,またその出現例も少ない.子宮腺の腺頚部上皮は比較的多くの例においてグリコゲンを保有する部位であることが確かめられ,このことから腺頚部によるグリコゲン分泌の局所性が示唆された.すべての材料を通じて,グリコゲンの発現がきわめて乏しいことは,fructogenic speciesとしての特性であると理解すべきか,あるいは小丘間領域における母体性循環路が発達していることに由来するのか,ここでは明らかにできなかった.5. 表面上皮が存在する場合,そのすべての上皮細胞はPAS陽性物質を含む.子宮腺の腺上皮,腺腔および子宮腔にもPAS陽性物質が認められた.これらの部位のPAS陽性物質は多糖体および蛋白の供給源として有効な物質であろうと考えられる.6. 子宮腺のPAS反応については次の2点が注目される.開口部および頚部の上皮では反応が遠位部に限定されることと,妊娠の初期から末期にいたるまで継続的に認められる.このことは,先に述べたグリコゲン分泌の特異性と同様に,子宮腺の分泌活性における局所性を示しているように思われる.その他の部位の上皮はC. R. L. 10cmの時期をすぎると,先に述べた脂肪性物質と同様に,PAS陽性物質を分泌する.この分泌は腺腔内分泌物とともに妊娠の後期にいたるまで継続的に認められることから,PAS陽性の分泌物は子宮乳の恒常的成分として貢献しているように思われる.7. 脂肪および炭水化物に関する組織化学的検索の結果,いわゆるcellular secretionは子宮腺の正常な分泌像であろうと考えられる.脂質,多糖体および蛋白の供給源として,このcellular secretionの意義は大きいものと思われる.これと関連して,子宮腺の分泌活性は妊娠末期にいたるまで低下することなく持続されるように見える.8. 子宮内膜支質の脂肪含有細胞,グリコゲン含有細胞およびPAS陽性細胞が明らかにされた.これらの細胞の本体が討議されたが,いずれも妊娠の進行とは直接的な関連を持たないように見える.

1) 睾丸間細胞の機能的意義を検索する目的で本研究を行なつた。使用動物はWistar系大黒鼠で, 実験的或いは生理的範囲と認められる異常睾丸を材料とした。供試した動物の種類と数は次の通りである。1.萎縮睾丸3例, 2.無精子睾丸6例, 3.自然陰睾々丸6例, 4.人為陰睾々丸3例, 5.Androgen処理睾丸11例, 6.Estrogen処理睾丸1例, 7.Androgen estrogenの併合処理睾丸3例, 8.脳下垂体除去動物の睾丸7例, 9.脳下垂体除去手術後androgenを処理した睾丸10例.2) 材料の採出後は前報に述べたと同様な操作を行なつて顕微鏡標本を作つた。睾丸間細胞の形態的消長及び動物の年令増加に伴う一般的な老性化の解釈には特に留意した。更に又精子発生の発現に対する睾丸間細胞の機能的役割について批判的考察を加えた。3) 睾丸の構造的不均衡は種々の成因に由来すると思われるが, 大別すれば1) 精細管上皮の退行, 2) 間質組織の萎縮, 3) 精細管上皮の退行と間質組織の萎縮との両者の発現となる。この中で間質組織の萎縮が単独で出現する事は自然状態では殆んど無いように思われる。4) 精細管上皮が退行しているにも拘らず間質組織は正常のように見える場合が屡々ある。併し乍ら若い成熟動物の機能的な間質組織とこれとを比較すると構造的に非常な相違が認められる。即ち間質組織には分泌過程を示す成熟間細胞が減少し, 結合織線維が増殖し又精細管基底膜が肥厚する。これらの変化と共に退行像を示す間細胞が次第に多くなる傾向が認められる。5) 成熟間細胞の脱顆粒現象は睾丸内分泌機能と明らかに結びついているように思われる。更に又これら間細胞からの生産物は間質組織内の円滑な流通によつて精上皮に刺戟的効果を及ぼすものと考えられる。

1. ヒダの形成,輪状ヒダはC. R. 18cmの時期に初めて出現し,これによつて子宮頸の部分は子宮体および膣から明らかに区別される.この時ヒダは原基状のものも含めて4ケ或いは5ケ認められるが後位のものほど大きい.C. R. 26cmのものからヒダの内部に輪走筋が進入しヒダが強化されるが,輪走筋の参加は後位のものほど顕著である.C. R. 32cm-35cmの時期にかけて輪走筋はすべてのヒダに進入する.このためヒダは全面的に肥厚し特に最後位のものは外子宮口を閉鎖するようになる.C. R. 55cmのもので最後位のヒダは膣腔内部に約3.8mm突出しPortio vaginalis uteriを形成する.2. 筋層•縦走筋はC. R. 23cmの時に漿膜に接する結合織中に分化し始める.輪走筋はC. R. 26cmのものから出現するが,これは粘膜の直下に独自に分化してくることと,子宮頸の後位ほど発達が急激であることが大きな特徴である.C. R. 60cm以上のものでは縦走筋の一部は最後位のヒダの内部に進入している.3. 粘膜と上皮C. R. 26cmの時期に至るまで粘膜は子宮角のそれと全く等質の様相を示す.上皮もまた同様であるが,全体的に烈しい起伏を示し,遊離縁もせん細な突出をもつ.この頃の子宮頸の腔には時に不定形の粘液性可染堆積物が認められる.C. R. 28cmのものからは輪走筋の発達につれ粘膜固有層の領域は次第に狭小となる.上皮細胞は後位のものから次第に低くなるが,分泌性の形質は変らない.C. R.33cm-35cmの時期になると可染物はPAS陽性となるほか,上皮細胞の遊離縁にも陽性物質が見られるようになる.子宮頸の上皮と同等の様相が卵管上皮,子宮角の粘膜上皮,また子宮小丘の上皮などにも認められる.4. 血管系およびその他初期には粘膜と漿膜の間に小血管は位置し,子宮頸壁を輪状に走る.筋層の分化と発達につれ究極的には輪走筋と縦走筋の間に位置するようになる.C. R. 26cm-33cmの時期のもので,漿膜に接する結合織,また時として縦走筋中に白血球が認められる.胎令が進んだものでは粘膜の小血管の附近にも白血球の集合が認められる.C. R. 55cm以上の大形胎児では,これらの集合が大きくなるほか,大型細胞群が認められ,さらに赤血球の集団が加わつている.

The distribution of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) was examined histochemically in the placenta and ovary of the cat at 14 gestational stages to discuss the possibility of steroidogenesis in the cat placenta. The enzymes investigated in this study were Δ5-3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, 20α-HSD, 20β-HSD and G-6-PDH. The activity of Δ5-3β-HSD was detected in the trophoblast of placental labyrinth and junctional zone. The activity of Δ5-3β-HSD was weak at the early stage of gestation, but being gradually increased with the progress of gestation. The activity was strongest at the stage of an 88-mm fetus in CRL (day 45), then decreased slightly toward term. No activity of 17β-HSD was detected in the trophoblast, but a weak activity was detected in the glandular epithelium, persisting throughout pregnancy. In the corpus luteum, the activity of Δ5-3β-HSD was strong or moderate until the stage of an 80-mm fetus (day 43), then abruptly decreased toward term. These results suggested that the conversion of pregnenolone into progesterone may proceed in the trophoblast of the cat placenta and support the fact that ovariectomy after day 45 or 49 of gestation did not interrupt pregnancy.

3例の老令牛(28年, 21年, 17年)の卵巣を組織学的に研究し, それらに共通する組織学的形質を認めた. 供試前におけるこれらの動物の性的症状に関する臨床的観察が不完全なものもあったため, 組織学的所見の意義を充分に考察することはできなかった. 正常な発育卵胞または原始卵胞は, いずれの卵巣にも見いだされない. 3例中で最も若い動物において, 卵胞の輪郭を示すものが少数認められたが, 卵細胞は変性しており, かつ卵胞は閉鎖過程を示していた. このことから, 17年以上の牛では, 卵細胞はほとんど消失しているものと考えられる. 卵胞の消失に伴い, 卵巣は本質的には支質性組織のみから成る. とくに最高令牛の卵巣では, この傾向が強く, ほとんど完全な線維体の様相が示されていた. 3例中2例において, それぞれ一側の卵巣に嚢腫の発育が認められた. 最高令牛の嚢腫腔には, 白色ゼリー状物質が, また17才牛のそれには, 無色の液体が満たされていた. これらの嚢腫が, ホルモン活性を有していたかどうかは不明である. 全例の卵巣において,卵胞様構造が両側性に認められた. 卵胞様構造の個々の大きさと発現の頻度は, 本報告の3例においては, 高令のものほど, いずれも大であるように思われる. 本報告に記載された卵胞様構造は, 梁柱の発達形式に従い, 2型に分類され, その一つは顆粒細胞腫, 他は嚢胞腺腫と見なされる. 比較的大形の顆粒細胞腫には, 大小のコロイド小体がきわめて多数認められる. この小体は, コロイドの累積によって, 形が増大して行くように思われる. 組織科学的検索の結果, この小体は脂質をも含む一種の多糖類であることが明らかにされた. コロイド小体は, 梁柱組織中に確実に位置して見いだされる. 顆粒細胞腫には, もう一つの特徴的形質, すなわち花冠様構造が認められる. この場合の花冠様構造の多くのものは, 梁柱の横断面であることが明らかにされた. 従って, このものは, 本来の Call-Exner 小体とは, 本質において明らかに区別されるべきものと考えられる. 一方, 本来の Call-Exner 小体と認められるものをもつ卵胞様構造もまた存在する.

The arterial system of the bovine uterus has been studied by Ellenbogen, Hanseland Asdell, Hilliger, Reuber and Emmerson, and Tsutsumi. Nevertheless, there havebeen only a few accounts on comparative studies regarding the caruncular region ofnulliparous heifer, multiparous cow, and pregnant cow. In the present investigation, atotal of 61 uteri from l 1 nulliparous heifers, 12 multiparous cows, and 38 pregnant cowswere used. Casts of arteries were prepared for this purpose by means of the intra-vascular injection of acrylic resin. Apart from the casts just mentioned above, tissueblocks were obtained from some uteri injected with resin. Transparent slices andcelloidin sections were also made. In addition to resin-injected materials, those injectedwith gelatine were also used. Paraffin sections of the caruncle were prepared fromnon-injected materials fixed in 10% formalin, Carnoys, Zenkers, or Bouins fluid, andstained with hematoxylin and eosin.The arcuate artery proceeded toward the antimesometrial margin within the stratumvasculare of the uterine wall. Many of them anastomosed with adjacent ones in arxarchfasluion at about 1/2 to 2/3 of the circumference of the horn from the mesometrialmargin. Finally, they terminated in an anastomosis with those of the contralateral rowon the antimesometrial margin. Meanwhile, many smaller arcuate arteries joined thearchfashioned anastomoses described just above. The arcuate arteries in a nulliparousheifer were nearly straight until they formed an anastomosing net, and thereafter theybecame strongly tortuous. On the other hand, those in multiparous cows were stronglytortuous throughout their course. Meanwhile, those arteries were almost straight ina cow which was in the second half of pregnancy.The arcuate artery gave ofl a radial artery to the caruncle and a branch to thecircular muscle. The radial artery usually give origin to a basal artery within thestratum vasculare, which supplied inner one-third of the circular muscle and stratum basale of the endometrium. The main trunk of the radial artery usually bifurcatedonce or twice in the endometrium and finally divided into many arterioles at the baseof the caruncle. These arterioles gave off many pre-capillary vessels which, in turn, continued to the subepithelial capillary net. TIIC radial arteries, especially those inthe caruncular region, were much more tortuous in the multiparous cow than in thenulliparous lueifer. Well-developed capillary networks were also present in the circularmuscle.In tlne second half of pregnancy, the arteries became adapted to the expansion ofthe uterus witlt the following modifications. The radial artery proceeded toward thetop of the peduncle, taking a course almost perpendicular to the base of it. Then, it divided into many arterioles, which proceeded to the bottom of the placentome, takinga fan-fashioned course. At the base of the placentome, these arterioles gave origin tocaruncular radial arteries, which were found to be rather thin at tlaeir origin and whichbecame thicker on their way to the surface of the placentome. The caruncular radialarteries in t[te placentome seemed to be an extension of the pre-capillary vessels whichwere invariably found near the surface of a caruncle in the nulliparous heifer, as wellas in the mu[tiparous cow.