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8. Survival Disparities within American and Israeli Dialysis Populations: Learning from Similarities and Distinctions across Race and Ethnicity

Author

Kalantar‐Zadeh, Kamyar, Golan, Eliezer, Shohat, Tamy, Streja, Elani, Norris, Keith C, and Kopple, Joel D

Subjects
Kidney Disease, Prevention, Nutrition, Cardiovascular, Renal and urogenital, Good Health and Well Being, Ethnicity, Humans, Israel, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Population Surveillance, Racial Groups, Renal Dialysis, Survival Rate, United States, Continental Population Groups, Ethnic Groups, Clinical Sciences, Urology & Nephrology
Abstract

There are counterintuitive but consistent observations that African American maintenance dialysis patients have greater survival despite their less favorable socioeconomic status, high burden of cardiovascular risks including hypertension and diabetes, and excessively high chronic kidney disease prevalence. The fact that such individuals have a number of risk factors for lower survival and yet live longer when undergoing dialysis treatment is puzzling. Similar findings have been made among Israeli maintenance dialysis patients, in that those who are ethnically Arab have higher end-stage renal disease but exhibit greater survival than Jewish Israelis. The juxtaposition of these two situations may provide valuable insights into racial/ethnic-based mechanisms of survival in chronic diseases. Survival advantages of African American dialysis patients may be explained by differences in nutritional status, inflammatory profile, dietary intake habits, body composition, bone and mineral disorders, mental health and coping status, dialysis treatment differences, and genetic differences among other factors. Prospective studies are needed to examine similar models in other countries and to investigate the potential causes of these paradoxes in these societies. Better understanding the roots of racial/ethnic survival differences may help improve outcomes in both patients with chronic kidney disease and other individuals with chronic disease states.

Published
2010

17. The Concordance between Mumps and Rubella Sero-Positivity among the Israeli Population in 2015

Author

Bassal, Ravit, primary, Shohat, Tamy, additional, Levin, Tal, additional, Pando, Rakefet, additional, Shinar, Eilat, additional, Amichay, Doron, additional, Barak, Mira, additional, Ben-Dor, Anat, additional, Bar-Haim, Adina, additional, Mendelson, Ella, additional, Cohen, Dani, additional, Keinan-Boker, Lital, additional, and Indenbaum, Victoria, additional

Published
2022
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32. Reopening Schools and the Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Israel: A Nationwide Study

Author

Somekh, Ido, Shohat, Tamy, Boker, Lital Keinan, Simões, Eric A F, and Somekh, Eli

Subjects
AcademicSubjects/MED00290, Schools, SARS-CoV-2, Child, Preschool, education, Major Article, Reopening, COVID-19, Humans, Israel, Child, Children
Abstract

Benefits of school reopening must be weighed against the morbidity and mortality risks and the impact of enhancing spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated the effects of school reopening and easing of social-distancing restrictions on dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in Israel between March and July 2020.We examined the nationwide age-wise weekly incidence, prevalence, SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction tests, their positivity, COVID-19 hospitalizations, and associated mortality. Temporal differences in these parameters following school reopening, school ending, and following easing of restrictions such as permission of large-scale gatherings were examined.Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections gradually increased following school reopening in all age groups, with a significantly higher increase in adults than children. Higher rate ratios (RRs) of sample positivity rates 21-27 days following school reopening relative to positivity rates prior to openings were found for the age groups 40-59 (RR, 4.72; 95% CI, 3.26-6.83) and 20-39 (RR, 3.37 [2.51-4.53]) years, but not for children aged 0-9 (RR, 1.46 [.85-2.51]) and 10-19 (RR, .93 [.65-1.34]) years. No increase was observed in COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and deaths following school reopening. In contrast, permission of large-scale gatherings was accompanied by increases in incidence and positivity rates of samples for all age groups, and increased hospitalizations and mortality.This analysis does not support a major role of school reopening in the resurgence of COVID-19 in Israel. Easing restrictions on large-scale gatherings was the major influence on this resurgence.

Published
2021

34. Increased extent of and risk factors for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and seasonal influenza among children, Israel

Author

Engelhard, Dan, Bromberg, Michal, Averbuch, Diana, Tenenbaum, Ariel, Goldmann, Daniele, Kunin, Marina, Shmueli, Einat, Yatsiv, Ido, Weintraub, Michael, Mandelboim, Michal, Strauss-Liviatan, Nurith, Anis, Emilia, Mendelson, Ella, Shohat, Tamy, Wolf, Dana G., Shapiro, Mervyn, and Grotto, Itamar

Subjects
Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Epidemics -- Risk factors -- Israel, Pediatrics, Influenza -- Risk factors, Health
Abstract

We compared the extent and pattern of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 with the previous 4 influenza seasons (2005-2009) among Israel's child population, both for community-based surveillance and pediatric hospitalizations. We also [...]

Published
2011
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