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5. Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Author

Posth, C., Yu, H., Ghalichi, A., Rougier, H., Crevecoeur, I., Huang, Y., Ringbauer, H., Rohrlach, A., Nägele, K., Villalba-Mouco, V., Radzeviciute, R., Ferraz, T., Stoessel, A., Tukhbatova, R., Drucker, D., Lari, M., Modi, A., Vai, S., Saupe, T., Scheib, C., Catalano, G., Pagani, L., Talamo, S., Fewlass, H., Klaric, L., Morala, A., Rué, M., Madelaine, S., Crépin, L., Caverne, J., Bocaege, E., Ricci, S., Boschin, F., Bayle, P., Maureille, B., Le Brun-Ricalens, F., Bordes, J., Oxilia, G., Bortolini, E., Bignon-Lau, O., Debout, G., Orliac, M., Zazzo, A., Sparacello, V., Starnini, E., Sineo, L., van der Plicht, J., Pecqueur, L., Merceron, G., Garcia, G., Leuvrey, J., Garcia, C., Gómez-Olivencia, A., Połtowicz-Bobak, M., Bobak, D., Le Luyer, M., Storm, P., Hoffmann, C., Kabaciński, J., Filimonova, T., Shnaider, S., Berezina, N., González-Rabanal, B., Morales, G., R., M., Marín-Arroyo, A., López, B., Alonso-Llamazares, C., Ronchitelli, A., Polet, C., Jadin, I., Cauwe, N., Soler, J., Coromina, N., Rufí, I., Cottiaux, R., Clark, G., Straus, L., Julien, M., Renhart, S., Talaa, D., Benazzi, S., Romandini, M., Amkreutz, L., Bocherens, H., Wißing, C., Villotte, S., de Pablo, Fernández-López, J., Gómez-Puche, M., Esquembre-Bebia, M., Bodu, P., Smits, L., Souffi, B., Jankauskas, R., Kozakaitė, J., Cupillard, C., Benthien, H., Wehrberger, K., Schmitz, R., Feine, S., Schüler, T., Thevenet, C., Grigorescu, D., Lüth, F., Kotula, A., Piezonka, H., Schopper, F., Svoboda, J., Sázelová, S., Chizhevsky, A., Khokhlov, A., Conard, N., Valentin, F., Harvati, K., Semal, P., Jungklaus, B., Suvorov, A., Schulting, R., Moiseyev, V., Mannermaa, K., Buzhilova, A., Terberger, T., Caramelli, D., Altena, E., Haak, W., and Krause, J.

Abstract

Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants. Ancient DNA data generation Before the LGM LGM in southwestern and western Europe Post-LGM in the Italian peninsula Post-LGM in western and central Europe Post-14 ka to Neolithic Phenotypically relevant variants Discussion and conclusions Methods

Published
2023

6. The results of re-examination of the Neolithic materials from the Ak-Tangi site (northern Tajikistan)

Author

Shnaider S.V., Kasparov А.К., Filimonova Т.G., Markovskii G.I., Baranova S.V., Chernonosov А.А., Koval V.V., and Fedorchenko А.Yu.

Subjects
central asia, pamir-alai, neolithic, lithic industry, bone tools, Archaeology, CC1-960
Abstract

The paper reports on the results of reinterpretation of the Neolithic complexes of Hissar I–IV of the Ak-Tangi site, a field study of which was carried out in the middle of the 20th century. At the time of its discovery, only the Hissar Neolithic Culture had been studied in the mountainous part of Central Asia, which the Ak-Tangi materials were attributed to. At the new stage of the research, a comprehensive analysis of the archival materials and surviving collection, which comprises palaeofaunal materia and lithic and bone artefacts, was performed, and radiocarbon dating and ZooMS-analysis were employed on some of the bone artefacts.

Published
2024
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16. Prosocial behavior and aggression in the daily school lives of early adolescents

Author

Arbel, R., Maciejewski, D.F., Ben-Yehuda, M., Shnaider, S., Benari, B., Benita, M., Arbel, R., Maciejewski, D.F., Ben-Yehuda, M., Shnaider, S., Benari, B., and Benita, M.

Abstract

27 april 2022, Item does not contain fulltext, Research has not adequately addressed a possible mutual co-regulatory influence of prosocial and aggressive behaviors in adolescents' daily lives. This study explored bidirectional within-person associations between prosocial and aggressive behaviors in the daily school lives of early adolescents. The sample included 242 sixth-graders [Mage = 11.96 (SD = 0.18), 50% girls] and their teachers. Adolescents reported on daily prosocial behavior and reactive and proactive aggression for ten consecutive days. Teachers and adolescents reported on adolescents' overall prosocial behaviors. Across-day prosocial behaviors increased after days when adolescents exhibited more reactive aggression but not among self-reported low-prosocial adolescents. Increased prosocial behaviors did not mitigate aggression the next day. The findings suggest prosocial behaviors are a plausible compensatory strategy after daily aggressive reactions.

Published
2022

18. Результаты комплексного исследования памятника Куртеке (Восточный Памир)

Author

Shnaider, S., Ashastina, K., Alisher kyzy, S., Sayfullaev , N., Zakabluk, G., Chernonosov, A., Spengler III, R., and Zotkina, L.

Abstract

The materials of most of the archaeological sites of the Eastern Pamirs are known from lifting samples. One of them is the Kurteke rock shelter, that was discovered in 1960 by V.A. Ranov. At that time at the site there were distinguished two cultural layers dated to the Neolithic-Eneolithic and Eneolithic-Bronze period. This site is also interesting because on the walls of the rock shelter , directly above the cultural layers there are rock paintings of anthropomorphic and geometric figures. Modern data have shown that the first layer associated with the settlement of the site belongs to the final Pleistocene (older than 13 thousand years ago). In the course of the new stage of the study, palynological and carpological analysis of the soil, the study of undetectable faunal remains using the ZooMS method, and the documentation of rock carvings of the site were carried out. A comprehensive interdisciplinary study of the Kurteke materials showed that the stone industry presented here is typical of the mountainous part of Central Asia; the climate during both periods of human settlement of the site was arid, and despite the presence of cereal plants, no direct indications of their domestication were found; the faunistic composition of the site is represented by taxa typical for the territory of the Eastern Pamirs today; in the rock art there are images common in the territory of Central and Central Asia in the Bronze Age. Материалы большей части археологических памятников Восточного Памира известны по подъемным сборам. Одним из трех известных на сегодняшний день многослойных стратифицированных памятников на этой территории является навес Куртеке, исследованный в 1960 г. В.А. Рановым. Тогда же были выделены два культурных слоя, датированных периодами неолита — энеолита и энеолита — эпохой бронзы. Этот памятник интересен еще и тем, что на стенах навеса непосредственно над культурными слоями присутствуют наскальные изображения, выполненные краской, — антропомофные и геометрические фигуры. Современные данные показали, что первый слой, связанный с заселением стоянки, относится к финальному плейстоцену (древнее 13 тыс. л.н.). В ходе нового этапа изучения проведены палинологический и карпологический анализ грунта, изучение неопределимых фаунистических остатков по методу ZooMS, а также документирование наскальных изображений памятника. Комплексное междисциплинарное исследование материалов Куртеке показало, что представленная здесь каменная индустрия является типичной для горной части Центральной Азии; климат в оба периода заселения стоянки человеком был засушливым, и несмотря на присутствие злаковых растений, прямых указаний на их окультуривание обнаружено не было; фаунистический состав стоянки представлен таксонами, типичными для территории Восточного Памира сегодня; в наскальном искусстве присутствуют образы, распространенные на территории Средней и Центральной Азии в эпоху бронзы. Введение - Материалы и методы исследования - Результаты и обсуждение - Семена и фрагменты семян, идентифицированные из образца «очаг 33» памятника Куртеке

Published
2021

35. Сурунгур – новый памятник раннего голоцена в Ферганской долине

Author

Shnaider, S., Zhilich, S., Fedorchenko, A. Yu, Rendu, W., Parkhomchuk, E., Kyzy, S. Alisher, Olenchenko, V. V., Tsibizov, L., Serdyuk, N., Zelenkov, N., Chargynov, T., Andrei Krivoshapkin, ArchaeoZOOlogy in Siberia and Central Asia (ZooSCAn), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Rendu, William

Subjects
[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

International audience; Сурунгур-новый памятник раннего голоцена в Ферганской долине Введение Ферганская долина представляет собой межгорную котловину, практически полностью замкнутую горными системами Памиро-Алая, Тянь-Шаня и Гиссаро-Алая и имеющую лишь один естественный проход. Несмотря на особенности своего географического положения, на протяжении

Published
2021

36. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Author

Kocher, A, Papac, L, Barquera, R, Key, FM, Spyrou, MA, Hubler, R, Rohrlach, AB, Aron, F, Stahl, R, Wissgott, A, van Bommel, F, Pfefferkorn, M, Mittnik, A, Villalba-Mouco, V, Neumann, GU, Rivollat, M, van de Loosdrecht, MS, Majander, K, Tukhbatova, R, Musralina, L, Ghalichi, A, Penske, S, Sabin, S, Michel, M, Gretzinger, J, Nelson, EA, Ferraz, T, Nagele, K, Parker, C, Keller, M, Guevara, EK, Feldman, M, Eisenmann, S, Skourtanioti, E, Giffin, K, Gnecchi-Ruscone, GA, Friederich, S, Schimmenti, V, Khartanovich, V, Karapetian, MK, Chaplygin, MS, Kufterin, VV, Khokhlov, AA, Chizhevsky, AA, Stashenkov, DA, Kochkina, AF, Tejedor-Rodriguez, C, Garcia-Martinez de Lagran, I, Arcusa-Magallon, H, Garrido-Pena, R, Ignacio Royo-Guillen, J, Novacek, J, Rottier, S, Kacki, S, Saintot, S, Kaverzneva, E, Belinskiy, AB, Veleminsky, P, Limbursky, P, Kostka, M, Loe, L, Popescu, E, Clarke, R, Lyons, A, Mortimer, R, Sajantila, A, Chinique de Armas, Y, Hernandez Godoy, ST, Hernandez-Zaragoza, D, Pearson, J, Binder, D, Lefranc, P, Kantorovich, AR, Maslov, VE, Lai, L, Zoledziewska, M, Beckett, JF, Langova, M, Ingman, T, Garcia Atienzar, G, de Miguel Ibanez, MP, Romero, A, Sperduti, A, Beckett, S, Salter, SJ, Zilivinskaya, ED, Vasil, DV, von Heyking, K, Burger, RL, Salazar, LC, Amkreutz, L, Navruzbekov, M, Rosenstock, E, Alonso-Fernandez, C, Slavchev, V, Kalmykov, AA, Atabiev, BC, Batieva, E, Alvarez Calmet, M, Llamas, B, Schultz, M, Krauss, R, Jimenez-Echevarria, J, Francken, M, Shnaider, S, de Knijff, P, Altena, E, Van de Vijver, K, Fehren-Schmitz, L, Tung, TA, Losch, S, Dobrovolskaya, M, Makarov, N, Read, C, Van Twest, M, Sagona, C, Ramsl, PC, Akar, M, Yener, KA, Carmona Ballestero, E, Cucca, F, Mazzarello, V, Utrilla, P, Rademaker, K, Fernandez-Dominguez, E, Baird, D, Semal, P, Marquez-Morfin, L, Roksandic, M, Steiner, H, Carlos Salazar-Garcia, D, Shishlina, N, Erdal, YS, Hallgren, F, Boyadzhiev, Y, Boyadzhiev, K, Kuessner, M, Sayer, D, Onkamo, P, Skeates, R, Rojo-Guerra, M, Buzhilova, A, Khussainova, E, Djansugurova, LB, Beisenov, AZ, Samashev, Z, Massy, K, Mannino, M, Moiseyev, V, Mannermaa, K, Balanovsky, O, Deguilloux, M-F, Reinhold, S, Hansen, S, Kitov, EP, Dobes, M, Ernee, M, Meller, H, Alt, KW, Prufer, K, Warinner, C, Schiffels, S, Stockhammer, PW, Bos, K, Posth, C, Herbig, A, Haak, W, Krause, J, Kuehnert, D, Kocher, A, Papac, L, Barquera, R, Key, FM, Spyrou, MA, Hubler, R, Rohrlach, AB, Aron, F, Stahl, R, Wissgott, A, van Bommel, F, Pfefferkorn, M, Mittnik, A, Villalba-Mouco, V, Neumann, GU, Rivollat, M, van de Loosdrecht, MS, Majander, K, Tukhbatova, R, Musralina, L, Ghalichi, A, Penske, S, Sabin, S, Michel, M, Gretzinger, J, Nelson, EA, Ferraz, T, Nagele, K, Parker, C, Keller, M, Guevara, EK, Feldman, M, Eisenmann, S, Skourtanioti, E, Giffin, K, Gnecchi-Ruscone, GA, Friederich, S, Schimmenti, V, Khartanovich, V, Karapetian, MK, Chaplygin, MS, Kufterin, VV, Khokhlov, AA, Chizhevsky, AA, Stashenkov, DA, Kochkina, AF, Tejedor-Rodriguez, C, Garcia-Martinez de Lagran, I, Arcusa-Magallon, H, Garrido-Pena, R, Ignacio Royo-Guillen, J, Novacek, J, Rottier, S, Kacki, S, Saintot, S, Kaverzneva, E, Belinskiy, AB, Veleminsky, P, Limbursky, P, Kostka, M, Loe, L, Popescu, E, Clarke, R, Lyons, A, Mortimer, R, Sajantila, A, Chinique de Armas, Y, Hernandez Godoy, ST, Hernandez-Zaragoza, D, Pearson, J, Binder, D, Lefranc, P, Kantorovich, AR, Maslov, VE, Lai, L, Zoledziewska, M, Beckett, JF, Langova, M, Ingman, T, Garcia Atienzar, G, de Miguel Ibanez, MP, Romero, A, Sperduti, A, Beckett, S, Salter, SJ, Zilivinskaya, ED, Vasil, DV, von Heyking, K, Burger, RL, Salazar, LC, Amkreutz, L, Navruzbekov, M, Rosenstock, E, Alonso-Fernandez, C, Slavchev, V, Kalmykov, AA, Atabiev, BC, Batieva, E, Alvarez Calmet, M, Llamas, B, Schultz, M, Krauss, R, Jimenez-Echevarria, J, Francken, M, Shnaider, S, de Knijff, P, Altena, E, Van de Vijver, K, Fehren-Schmitz, L, Tung, TA, Losch, S, Dobrovolskaya, M, Makarov, N, Read, C, Van Twest, M, Sagona, C, Ramsl, PC, Akar, M, Yener, KA, Carmona Ballestero, E, Cucca, F, Mazzarello, V, Utrilla, P, Rademaker, K, Fernandez-Dominguez, E, Baird, D, Semal, P, Marquez-Morfin, L, Roksandic, M, Steiner, H, Carlos Salazar-Garcia, D, Shishlina, N, Erdal, YS, Hallgren, F, Boyadzhiev, Y, Boyadzhiev, K, Kuessner, M, Sayer, D, Onkamo, P, Skeates, R, Rojo-Guerra, M, Buzhilova, A, Khussainova, E, Djansugurova, LB, Beisenov, AZ, Samashev, Z, Massy, K, Mannino, M, Moiseyev, V, Mannermaa, K, Balanovsky, O, Deguilloux, M-F, Reinhold, S, Hansen, S, Kitov, EP, Dobes, M, Ernee, M, Meller, H, Alt, KW, Prufer, K, Warinner, C, Schiffels, S, Stockhammer, PW, Bos, K, Posth, C, Herbig, A, Haak, W, Krause, J, and Kuehnert, D

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic.

Published
2021

37. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Author

Ingman, Tara, Kocher, A.; Papac, L.; Barquera, R.; Key, FM.; Spyrou, MA.; Hubler, R.; Rohrlach, AB.; Aron, F.; Stahl, R.; Wissgott, A.; van Bommel, F.; Pfefferkorn, M.; Mittnik, A.; Villalba-Mouco, V.; Neumann, GU.; Rivollat, M.; van de Loosdrecht, MS.; Majander, K.; Tukhbatova, RI.; Musralina, L.; Ghalichi, A.; Penske, S.; Sabin, S.; Michel, M.; Gretzinger, J.; Nelson, EA.; Ferraz, T.; Nagele, K.; Parker, C.; Keller, M.; Guevara, EK.; Feldman, M.; Eisenmann, S.; Skourtanioti, E.; Giffin, K.; Gnecchi-Ruscone, GA.; Friederich, S.; Schimmenti, V.; Khartanovich, V.; Karapetian, MK.; Chaplygin, MS.; Kufterin, VV.; Khokhlov, AA.; Chizhevsky, AA.; Stashenkov, DA.; Kochkina, AF.; Tejedor-Rodriguez, C.; de Lagran, IGM.; Arcusa-Magallon, H.; Garrido-Pena, R.; Royo-Guillen, JI.; Novacek, J.; Rottier, S.; Kacki, S.; Saintot, S.; Kaverzneva, E.; Belinskiy, AB.; Veleminsky, P.; Limbursky, P.; Kostka, M.; Loe, L.; Popescu, E.; Clarke, R.; Lyons, A.; Mortimer, R.; Sajantila, A.; de Armas, YC.; Godoy, STH.; Hernandez-Zaragoza, DI.; Pearson, J.; Binder, D.; Lefranc, P.; Kantorovich, AR.; Maslov, VE.; Lai, L.; Zoledziewska, M.; Beckett, JF.; Langova, M.; Atienzar, GG.; Ibanez, MPD; Romero, A.; Sperduti, A.; Beckett, S.; Salter, SJ.; Zilivinskaya, ED.; Vasil, DV.; von Heyking, K.; Burger, RL.; Salazar, LC.; Amkreutz, L.; Navruzbekov, M.; Rosenstock, E.; Alonso-Fernandez, C.; Slavchev, V.; Kalmykov, AA.; Atabiev, BC.; Batieva, E; Calmet, MA.; Llamas, B.; Schultz, M.; Krauss, R.; Jimenez-Echevarria, J.; Francken, M.; Shnaider, S.; de Knijff, P.; Altena, E.; Van de Vijver, K.; Fehren-Schmitz, L.; Tung, TA.; Losch, S.; Dobrovolskaya, M.; Makarov, N.; Read, C.; Van Twest, M.; Sagona, C.; Ramsl, PC.; Akar, M.; Yener, KA.; Ballestero, EC.; Cucca, F.; Mazzarello, V.; Utrilla, P.; Rademaker, K.; Fernandez-Dominguez, E.; Baird, D.; Semal, P.; Marquez-Morfin, L; Roksandic, M.; Steiner, H.; Salazar-Garcia, DC.; Shishlina, N. Erdal, YS.; Hallgren, F.; Boyadzhiev, Y.; Boyadzhiev, K.; Kussner, M.; Sayer, D.; Onka, Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Koç Üniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED), Ingman, Tara, Kocher, A.; Papac, L.; Barquera, R.; Key, FM.; Spyrou, MA.; Hubler, R.; Rohrlach, AB.; Aron, F.; Stahl, R.; Wissgott, A.; van Bommel, F.; Pfefferkorn, M.; Mittnik, A.; Villalba-Mouco, V.; Neumann, GU.; Rivollat, M.; van de Loosdrecht, MS.; Majander, K.; Tukhbatova, RI.; Musralina, L.; Ghalichi, A.; Penske, S.; Sabin, S.; Michel, M.; Gretzinger, J.; Nelson, EA.; Ferraz, T.; Nagele, K.; Parker, C.; Keller, M.; Guevara, EK.; Feldman, M.; Eisenmann, S.; Skourtanioti, E.; Giffin, K.; Gnecchi-Ruscone, GA.; Friederich, S.; Schimmenti, V.; Khartanovich, V.; Karapetian, MK.; Chaplygin, MS.; Kufterin, VV.; Khokhlov, AA.; Chizhevsky, AA.; Stashenkov, DA.; Kochkina, AF.; Tejedor-Rodriguez, C.; de Lagran, IGM.; Arcusa-Magallon, H.; Garrido-Pena, R.; Royo-Guillen, JI.; Novacek, J.; Rottier, S.; Kacki, S.; Saintot, S.; Kaverzneva, E.; Belinskiy, AB.; Veleminsky, P.; Limbursky, P.; Kostka, M.; Loe, L.; Popescu, E.; Clarke, R.; Lyons, A.; Mortimer, R.; Sajantila, A.; de Armas, YC.; Godoy, STH.; Hernandez-Zaragoza, DI.; Pearson, J.; Binder, D.; Lefranc, P.; Kantorovich, AR.; Maslov, VE.; Lai, L.; Zoledziewska, M.; Beckett, JF.; Langova, M.; Atienzar, GG.; Ibanez, MPD; Romero, A.; Sperduti, A.; Beckett, S.; Salter, SJ.; Zilivinskaya, ED.; Vasil, DV.; von Heyking, K.; Burger, RL.; Salazar, LC.; Amkreutz, L.; Navruzbekov, M.; Rosenstock, E.; Alonso-Fernandez, C.; Slavchev, V.; Kalmykov, AA.; Atabiev, BC.; Batieva, E; Calmet, MA.; Llamas, B.; Schultz, M.; Krauss, R.; Jimenez-Echevarria, J.; Francken, M.; Shnaider, S.; de Knijff, P.; Altena, E.; Van de Vijver, K.; Fehren-Schmitz, L.; Tung, TA.; Losch, S.; Dobrovolskaya, M.; Makarov, N.; Read, C.; Van Twest, M.; Sagona, C.; Ramsl, PC.; Akar, M.; Yener, KA.; Ballestero, EC.; Cucca, F.; Mazzarello, V.; Utrilla, P.; Rademaker, K.; Fernandez-Dominguez, E.; Baird, D.; Semal, P.; Marquez-Morfin, L; Roksandic, M.; Steiner, H.; Salazar-Garcia, DC.; Shishlina, N. Erdal, YS.; Hallgren, F.; Boyadzhiev, Y.; Boyadzhiev, K.; Kussner, M.; Sayer, D.; Onka, and Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Koç Üniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED)

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic., European Union (EU); Horizon 2020; European Research Council (ERC); Research and Innovation Program; PALEoRIDER; CoDisEASe; ARCHCAUCASUS; Seventh Framework Programme; Marie Curie Actions; Programme SASPRO; ERA.NET RUS Plus-S&T Programme; Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; German Research Foundation; French National Research Agency; Wenner-Gren Dissertation Fieldwork Grant; Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Max Planck Society; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Werner Siemens Stiftung; Paleobiochemistry; Award Praemium Academiae of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Published
2021

38. Identifying Markers for Copro-Analysis of Archaeological Deposits: A Study of Materials from the Selungur Cave (Southern Kyrgyzstan)

Author

Shashkov Mikhail V., Zhilich Snezhana V., Temirlan Chargynov, Krajcarz Maciej T., Saltanat Alisherkyzy, Bence Viola, and Shnaider Svetlana V.

Subjects
central asia, dayuan, silk road, selungur, ash-containing interlayers, coprosterols, equidae, History (General), D1-2009, Oriental languages and literatures, PJ
Abstract

Introduction. The article discusses the results of a study of ash layers from Holocene deposits at the Selungur (Surungur) Cave. Goals. So, the work attempts a practical evaluation of a method of identifying coprostanols in archaeological sediments. The investigation of Holocene deposits of the site was carried out in 2018 and 2021 field seasons. The study identifies a total of 7 Holocene layers that represent the typical ‘fumier’ facies of cave and rock shelter deposits connected to pastoralism and animal husbandry practices, and built up of stratified layers of burnt herbivore dung. The sequence contains a record of multiple earthquakes that disturbed the sediments and effected in water escape structures, plastic deformations, and faults. Nevertheless, the stratigraphy remains easily readable. Unfortunately, archaeological and paleofaunistic materials were never found but a series of ash-containing interlayers suggests that the cave was repeatedly visited by ancient humans. Materials. In the ash deposits, our micro charcoal analysis has identified areas of concentration of burnt dungs which was used for fire. Series of samples were taken throughout the section of Holocene deposits for gas mass spectrometry analysis. The research efforts have also included the analysis of modern dung from herbivores inhabiting the area, such as cows, sheep, goats, horses and donkeys, for the latter obtained data to serve as a reference collection. Results. Unfortunately, layer 7 of the Selungur Cave proved characterized by poor preservation of fire products, while layers 6–1 yielded somewhat rich data. The obtained results make it possible to identify coprosterols and determine that equine dung was used in layers 6-2 as a fuel, and goat dung — in the first layer. The most widespread distribution of equines in this region occurred during the existence of Dayuan (Parkan) state, in the third century BC and later in the Middle Ages. Most likely, during these periods the mountain corridor comprising the Selungur Cave could have been used as a pass of the Silk Road that connected the Fergana and Alay valleys. The accumulation of the upper layer, in our opinion, is associated with the modern era.

Published
2023
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39. STUDY OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR TGF-Β1 T869C GENES POLYMORPHISM AND INSULIN FACTORS OF GROWTH IGF-1 1245G / A, IGF-2 3323 G / A OF PATIENTS WITH 2 TYPE DIABETES AND DENTAL IMPLANTATION = ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА ГЕНОВ ТРАНСФОРМИРУЮЩЕГО ФАКТОРА РОСТА TGF-Β1 T869C И ИНСУЛИНОВЫХ ФАКТОРОВ РОСТА IGF-1 1245G/A, IGF-2 3323 G/A У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ 2 ТИПА ПРИ ДЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ИМПЛАНТАЦИИ

Author

Rozhko, P. D., Denga, O. V., Verbitskaya, T. G., and Shnaider, S. A.

Abstract

Rozhko P. D., Denga O. V., Verbitskaya T. G., Shnaider S. A. STUDY OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR TGF-Β1 T869C GENES POLYMORPHISM AND INSULIN FACTORS OF GROWTH IGF-1 1245G / A, IGF-2 3323 G / A OF PATIENTS WITH 2 TYPE DIABETES AND DENTAL IMPLANTATION = ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА ГЕНОВ ТРАНСФОРМИРУЮЩЕГО ФАКТОРА РОСТА TGF-Β1 T869C И ИНСУЛИНОВЫХ ФАКТОРОВ РОСТА IGF-1 1245G/A, IGF-2 3323 G/A У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ 2 ТИПА ПРИ ДЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ИМПЛАНТАЦИИ. ВІСНИК МОРСЬКОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ. 2020;2(87):48-55. ISSN 0049-6804. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3967704 http://www.herald.com.ua УДК 675.001.5+616.314-089.843 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3967704 ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА ГЕНОВ ТРАНСФОРМИРУЮЩЕГО ФАКТОРА РОСТА TGF-Β1 T869C И ИНСУЛИНОВЫХ ФАКТОРОВ РОСТА IGF-1 1245G/A, IGF- 2 3323 G/A У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ 2 ТИПА ПРИ ДЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ИМПЛАНТАЦИИ 1П. Д. Рожко, 2О. В. Деньга, 2Т. Г. Вербицкая, 2С. А. Шнайдер 1Одесский национальный медицинский университет 2Государственное учреждение «Институт стоматологии и челюстно-лицевой хирургии Национальной академии медицинских наук Украины» Summary. 1Rozhko P. D., 2Denga O. V., 2Verbitskaya T. G., 2Shnaider S. A. STUDY OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR TGF-Β1 T869C GENES POLYMORPHISM AND INSULIN FACTORS OF GROWTH IGF-1 1245G / A, IGF-2 3323 G / A OF PATIENTS WITH 2 TYPE DIABETES AND DENTAL IMPLANTATION. - 1Odessa National Medical University; 2State Establishment «The Institute of Stomatology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine»; e-mail: vesnik@ua.net. Gene polymorphism molecular genetic investigation of transforming growth factor TGF T869C and insulin growth factors IGF1 2716G/A, IGF2 3323 G/A in patients with type 2 diabetes requiring orthopedic treatment using dental implants revealed that 31.8% of patients are carriers allele C of T869C polymorphism and TGF-β1 gene, 45.5% of carriers in heterozygous T/C form and 9% in the homozygous SS, which shows a decrease in bone mineral density and possibility of diabetic microvascular complications in these patients. Presence of mutated allele A of 2716G/A polymorphism of IGF-1 gene in 50% of examined patients causes lower levels of expression in IGF-1 gene, exacerbated by the presence of diabetes. The minor allele A of 3323 G/A polymorphism of in IGF-2 gene prevails and accounts for 68.2%, frequency of minor AA genotype is 36.4%, which is associated with low circulating levels of insulin growth factor 2. The homozygous GG genotype in our patient samples was not found. Results obtained must be taken into account when developing therapeutic and preventive measures to support orthopedic treatment of patients with diabetes. Key words: molecular genetic studies, growth factors, diabetes mellitus, dental implantation. Реферат. Рожко П. Д., Деньга О. В., Вербицкая Т. Г., Шнайдер С. А. ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА ГЕНОВ ТРАНСФОРМИРУЮЩЕГО ФАКТОРА РОСТА TGF-Β1 T869C И ИНСУЛИНОВЫХ ФАКТОРОВ РОСТА IGF-1 1245G/A, IGF-2 3323 G/A У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ 2 ТИПА ПРИ ДЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ИМПЛАНТАЦИИ. Молекулярно-генетическое тестирование полиморфизма генов трансформирующего фактора роста TGF T869C и инсулиновых факторов роста IGF1 2716G/A, IGF2 3323 G/A у пациентов с диабетом 2 типа, требующих ортопедического лечения с использованием дентальных имплантатов, выявило, что 31,8% пациентов являются носителями аллеля С полиморфизма T869C гена TGF-β1, 45,5% носителей в гетерозиготной форме T/C и 9% – в гомозиготной СС, что предполагает у данных пациентов снижение минеральной плотности кости и возможности диабетических микрососудистых осложнений. Наличие мутированного аллеля А полиморфизма 2716G/A гена IGF-1 у 50% обследованных пациентов обусловливает более низкие уровни экспрессии гена IGF-1, усугубляющиеся наличием диабета. Минорный аллель А полиморфизма 3323 G/A гена IGF-2 преобладает в данной группе пациентов и составляет 68,2%, частота минорного генотипа АА составляет 36,4%, что связано с низкими циркулирующимиуровнями инсулинового фактора роста 2. Гомозиготный генотип GG в нашей выборке пациентов не обнаружен. Полученные результаты необходимо учитывать при разработке лечебно-профилактических мероприятий сопровождения ортопедического лечения пациентов с сахарным диабетом. Ключевые слова: молекулярно-генетические исследования, факторы роста, сахарный диабет, дентальная имплантация.

Published
2020
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40. Early Pastoral Economies and Herding Transitions in Eastern Eurasia

Author

Taylor, W.T.T., Clark, J., Bayarsaikhan, J., Tuvshinjargal, T., Jobe, J.T., Fitzhugh, W., Kortum, R., Spengler, R.N., Shnaider, S., Seersholm, F.V., Hart, I., Case, N., Wilkin, S., Hendy, J., Thuering, U., Miller, B., Miller, A.R.V., Picin, A., Vanwezer, N., Irmer, F., Brown, S., Abdykanova, A., Shultz, D.R., Pham, V., Bunce, Michael, Douka, K., Jones, E.L., Boivin, N., Taylor, W.T.T., Clark, J., Bayarsaikhan, J., Tuvshinjargal, T., Jobe, J.T., Fitzhugh, W., Kortum, R., Spengler, R.N., Shnaider, S., Seersholm, F.V., Hart, I., Case, N., Wilkin, S., Hendy, J., Thuering, U., Miller, B., Miller, A.R.V., Picin, A., Vanwezer, N., Irmer, F., Brown, S., Abdykanova, A., Shultz, D.R., Pham, V., Bunce, Michael, Douka, K., Jones, E.L., and Boivin, N.

Abstract

While classic models for the emergence of pastoral groups in Inner Asia describe mounted, horse-borne herders sweeping across the Eurasian Steppes during the Early or Middle Bronze Age (ca. 3000–1500 BCE), the actual economic basis of many early pastoral societies in the region is poorly characterized. In this paper, we use collagen mass fingerprinting and ancient DNA analysis of some of the first stratified and directly dated archaeofaunal assemblages from Mongolia’s early pastoral cultures to undertake species identifications of this rare and highly fragmented material. Our results provide evidence for livestock-based, herding subsistence in Mongolia during the late 3rd and early 2nd millennia BCE. We observe no evidence for dietary exploitation of horses prior to the late Bronze Age, ca. 1200 BCE – at which point horses come to dominate ritual assemblages, play a key role in pastoral diets, and greatly influence pastoral mobility. In combination with the broader archaeofaunal record of Inner Asia, our analysis supports models for widespread changes in herding ecology linked to the innovation of horseback riding in Central Asia in the final 2nd millennium BCE. Such a framework can explain key broad-scale patterns in the movement of people, ideas, and material culture in Eurasian prehistory.

Published
2020

46. INFLUENCE OF THE VITAMIN-MINERAL COMPLEX 'MAGNESIUM ACTIVE' ON THE CONDITION OF RAT PARODONT TISSUES IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODELING OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME

Author

Denga, А. Е., Rozhko, P. D., and Shnaider, S .A.

Abstract

Denga А. Е., Rozhko P. D., Shnaider S .A. INFLUENCE OF THE VITAMIN-MINERAL COMPLEX “MAGNESIUM ACTIVE” ON THE CONDITION OF RAT PARODONT TISSUES IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODELING OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME. ВІСНИК МОРСЬКОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ. 2019;1(82):57-64. ISSN 0049-6804. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2639552 http://www.herald.com.ua УДК(57.084.1+577.121):553.682 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2639552 INFLUENCE OF THE VITAMIN-MINERAL COMPLEX “MAGNESIUM ACTIVE” ON THE CONDITION OF RAT PARODONT TISSUES IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODELING OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME Denga А. Е., Rozhko P. D., Shnaider S .A. State Institution «The Institute of Stomatology and Maxillo – Facial Surgery NAMS of Ukraine”, e-mail: vesnik@gmail.com Summary. Denga А. Е., Rozhko P. D., Shnaider S .A. INFLUENCE OF THE VITAMIN-MINERAL COMPLEX “MAGNESIUM ACTIVE” ON THE CONDITION OF RAT PARODONT TISSUES IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODELING OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME. – State Institution «The Institute of Stomatology and Maxillo – Facial Surgery NAMS of Ukraine”, e-mail: vesnik@gmail.com. It was shown that the “Magnesium Active” vitamin-mineral complex caused restoration of levels of total cholesterol and glucose, improvement of the functional state of the liverin ratsunder the conditions of modeling of the metabolic syndrome.The complex reduces triglycerides, uric acid, cholesterol levels and high density lipoproteins, as well.The complex restored collagen and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix of the rat parodontal connective tissue, showed antioxidant properties and improved mineral metabolism, resulting in substantially decreased parodontalbone resorption of animals. Key words: rats, metabolic syndrome, “Magnesium Active” complex, mineral metabolism, periodontal tissues.

Published
2019
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47. New insights on the Late Caspian Epipaleolithic symbols: the Kaylu burial site

Author

Rigaud, Solange, Shnaider, S., Queffelec, Alain, Berezina, N., Buzhilova, Alexandra, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), and Queffelec, Alain

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

48. Exploring Hypotheses on Early Holocene Caspian Seafaring Through Personal Ornaments: A Study of Changing Styles and Symbols in Western Central Asia

Author

Rigaud Solange, Queffelec Alain, Le Bourdonnec François-Xavier, Alisher kyzy Saltanat, Ambrose Stanley H., Ledevin Ronan, Kurbanov Redzhep, Buzhilova Alexandra, Berezina Natalia, Ziganshin Rustam H., and Shnaider Svetlana

Subjects
neolithic, caspian mesolithic, bead, raman spectroscopy, sem, Archaeology, CC1-960
Abstract

This article studies the discoid Didacna sp. shell beads discovered at Kaylu, a Middle Holocene burial site located in Southern Turkmenistan. Microscopic, morphometric, spectrometric, and SEM analyses were carried out on the material to identify how the beads were manufactured and used. New radiocarbon dating and bioanthropological data to age and sex the two skeletons discovered in the burials are provided. A regional synthesis shows that personal ornaments from the Caspian region were diversified through time and that a stylistic shift between the last foragers and the first farmers occurred. We also observed strong correspondences between the personal ornaments documented in the northern, eastern, and western Caspian Sea during the Neolithic, with no evidence of similar symbolic production in Northern Iran. We propose that a northern route may have allowed the diffusion of common ornamental traditions in the Caspian region to the exclusion of the southern Caspian. Alternatively, discontinuities in material culture diffusion in coastal areas could be evidence of maritime voyaging. Seafaring may have granted the fast and spatially erratic diffusion of specific bead types, people, information, knowledge, and symbols from both sides of the Caspian Sea, by long maritime voyages or by leapfrog diffusion during the Neolithic.

Published
2023
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