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Comparing the distribution of school districts in Shizuoka Prefecture with a Voronoi diagram generated for school locations, the application of Voronoi diagrams to the field of urban planning is pursued. The original statistics have been released by the government in the form of GIS data. Data processing and analysis are carried out utilizing open-source libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In rural regions of Japan, specifically in Shizuoka, the majority of elementary school classrooms lack ventilation systems, and the operation is manually conducted by teachers and students. Instead of relying on the implementation of high-performance hardware solutions, the aim is to strive for a harmonious coexistence of COVID-19 mitigation and Zero Energy Building (ZEB) realization through appropriate information dissemination and proactive environmental behavior. This paper investigates the environmental behavior of educators and its indicators, and assuming homeroom teachers in X City implement classroom ventilation based on threshold value notifications, it is demonstrated that a reduction of up to 20% in the current air conditioning heat load can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, glyphosate‐resistant Lolium multiflorum is a serious problem on the levees of rice paddies and in wheat fields. The mechanism of resistance of this biotype was analyzed. Based on LD50, the resistant population was 2.8–5.0 times more resistant to glyphosate than the susceptible population. The 5‐enolpyruvyl‐shikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene sequence of the resistant biotype did not show a non‐synonymous substitution at Pro106, and amplification of the gene was not observed in the resistant biotype. The metabolism and translocation of glyphosate were examined 4 days after application through the direct detection of glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) using liquid chromatograph‐tandem mass spectrometer (LC‐MS/MS). AMPA was not detected in either biotype in glyphosate‐treated leaves or the other plant parts. The respective absorption rates of the susceptible and resistant biotypes were 37.90 ± 3.63% and 41.09 ± 3.36%, respectively, which were not significantly different. The resistant biotype retained more glyphosate in a glyphosate‐treated leaf (91.36 ± 1.56% of absorbed glyphosate) and less in the untreated parts of shoots (5.90 ± 1.17%) and roots (2.76 ± 0.44%) compared with the susceptible biotype, 79.58 ± 3.73%, 15.77 ± 3.06% and 4.65 ± 0.89%, respectively. The results indicate that the resistance mechanism is neither the acquisition of a metabolic system nor limiting the absorption of glyphosate but limited translocation of the herbicide in the resistant biotype of L. multiflorum in Shizuoka Prefecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Microcharon Karaman, 1934 (Asellota: Lepidocharontidae) is described from Miho-Uchihama beach, Shizuoka, Japan. Microcharon tanakai sp. n. differs from its congeners by having nine simple, five penicillate setae on antennal article 6; one simple distal seta on article 1 of the mandibular palp and having the apical lobe of male pleopod 1 convex, rounded, armed with seven setae. A key to Asian species of the genus and 16S rRNA of the new species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify the partitioning and isotopic fractionation of boron (B) into the gas and particle phases in the atmosphere, the concentrations and isotopic compositions of gaseous and particulate B were measured concurrently for more than one year at a site in Shizuoka City, Japan. This area has few anthropogenic sources of B, such as coal combustion facilities. Gaseous B concentration showed clearly a seasonal variation, increasing during summer and decreasing during winter. Conversely, particulate B concentration tended to decrease during the warm season and increase during winter. The increase in gaseous B concentration during summer is attributable to the enhanced emissions of B from sea-salt degassing owing to higher temperatures and the predominance of winds from the Pacific Ocean. Moreover, the decrease in gaseous B concentration and the increase in particulate B concentration during winter is probably due to the enhanced condensation of gaseous B on atmospheric particles. The δ 11 B values of gaseous and particulate B varied largely, and did not indicate a distinctive seasonal variation. A positive correlation was observed between the δ 11 B values of gaseous and particulate B (R 2 = 0.518, P < 0.001). Moreover, the δ 11 B values of particulate B were approximately 0–20‰ lower than those of gaseous B. There is an isotopic fractionation ( Δ B ( OH ) 4 − − B ( OH ) 3 ) of about −20‰ between B(OH) 3 and B ( OH ) 4 − species in solution (Kakihana et al., 1977). This tends to support the hypotheses that gaseous B is transformed to particulate B through the reaction of condensed B(OH) 3 with chemical constituents on particles to precipitate borates, and that the condensed B(OH) 3 remaining on particles is unstable and evaporates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resistance to the quinone outside inhibitor (Qol) fungicides in the tea gray blight-causing fungus Pestalotiopsis longiseta is a serious problem in Japanese tea cultivation. We conducted a population genetic analysis of Qol-resistant P. longiseta isolates on the Makinohara Plateau, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan's largest tea-growing area, to elucidate the disease's epidemiology and the spread of Qol resistance. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis of 1,083 isolates from 395 fields collected from 2009 to 2012 detected 42 ISSR types, designated as PL01 to PL42. A total of 18, seven, and 38 ISSR types were detected in highly resistant, moderately resistant, and sensitive isolates, respectively. No distinct phylogenetic relationship corresponding to Qol sensitivity or sampling location was observed. No annual changes in the population genetic structure of highly resistant isolates were observed during the study period. A different ISSR type was predominant among Qol-resistant isolates in each region. Analysis of molecular variance revealed significant genetic differentiation in populations of highly resistant isolates among regions (FCT= 0.213) and farmers (FCT = 0.071). Consequently, we speculate that Qol-resistant P. longiseta strains occurred in a number of clonal lineages and spread by both natural and artificial transmission, such as rain splash and plucking machines, throughout each region on the Makinohara Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term hishiryō (非思量 nonthinking), which appears in various writings and sermons by Dōgen Zenji, has long kept Buddhologists, Sōtō scholars and practitioners alike curious about its meaning and content. On the one hand, sectarian sources show that hishiryō can be understood as a description of the mental state that characterizes the practice of zazen, yet on the other hand, these same sources depict it in terms of the very physical posture and actual enactment of the practice. Recent studies by Harada Kōdō (1935–2000) and Tsunoda Tairyū (1957–), leading scholars of Sōtō theology from Komazawa University, discuss this multi-coloured nature of hishiryō through a close philological inspection. Their analysis shows that hishiryō should be understood as a nondual category that points back to the actual performance of zazen, thus limited neither to the mental nor to the physical aspects of the practice. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We propose an acoustic OFDM system for underwater communication, specifically for vertical link communications such as between a robot in the sea bottom and a mother ship in the surface. The main contributions are (1) estimation of time varying Doppler shift using continual pilots in conjunction with monitoring the drift of Power Delay Profile and (2) symbol-by-symbol Doppler compensation in frequency domain by an ICI matrix representing nonuniform Doppler. In addition, we compare our proposal against a resampling method. Simulation and experimental results confirm that our system outperforms the resampling method when the velocity changes roughly over OFDM symbols. Overall, experimental results taken in Shizuoka, Japan, show our system using 16QAM, and 64QAM achieved a data throughput of 7.5 Kbit/sec with a transmitter moving at maximum 2 m/s, in a complicated trajectory, over 30 m vertically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speleothem 14 C has recently emerged as a potentially powerful proxy for hydrology changes in comparison with atmospheric 14 C calibration curve, rather than as a direct dating tool, apart from a time marker using bomb peak of 14 C. Some possible causes for the relationship between speleothem 14 C content (or dead carbon fraction: DCF) and karst hydrology have been proposed, such as changes in temperature, precipitation, drip water flow dynamics, cave air ventilation, soil air pCO 2 . In this study, we investigated seasonal variation in 14 C and δ 13 C of drip water in Ryugashi Cave, Shizuoka Prefecture, central Japan, to examine the causes of the 14 C and δ 13 C variations in a speleothem. The results show that different 14 C concentrations and δ 13 C values of drip water from the Ryugashi Cave, were exhibited at different sites of the Caves No. 1, No. 3, and No. 4, which have different temperature, air pCO 2 , and flow paths. Further, the 14 C and δ 13 C of drip waters showed seasonal variations at all sites, which were lower in fall and winter, and higher in spring and summer, though the extent of the variations was different among the sites. The 14 C in drip waters tended to be correlated with the drip rates: 14 C tended to be higher in drip waters with higher drip rates, and also correlated with rainfall amount around the Ryugashi Cave, especially for the drip waters in Cave No. 3, which are considered to have simpler flow paths. The increase in rainfall amount could bring the increase in drip rate of drip water, and then the decrease in interaction between solution and karst, resulting in 14 C increase (DCF decrease) in drip water. Accordingly, the reconstruction of precipitation could be performed using 14 C variation in a speleothem formed by drip water with simple flow dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) is unclear. To assess the prognosis of NSCLC patients with ILD treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical course of those with ILD. Methods: One hundred and four NSCLC patients with ILD treated with platinum-based chemotherapy at Shizuoka Cancer Center between August 2002 and June 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The combination of carboplatin with paclitaxel was most frequently used as the first-line treatment for NSCLC patients with ILD (61 %). The overall response rate was 38 % in 104 NSCLC patients with ILD treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. In all patients, median progression-free survival and overall survival were 4.8 and 9.9 months, respectively. During first-line platinum-based chemotherapy, 9 % of the 104 patients with ILD developed chemotherapy-related exacerbation of ILD. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that clinical stage was a significantly independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 0.517; 95 % confidence interval 0.314-0.842, p = 0.0079). Patients with clinical stage IV or recurrence after surgical resection showed poor prognosis (median survival time 8.5 months). Conclusions: Our study suggests that the prognosis of NSCLC patients with ILD is poor. The risk of exacerbation of ILD in patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy as the first-line treatment was slightly lower than in previous reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article assesses Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) in Shizuoka, particularly, the traditional tea-grass integrated system. Chagusaba, which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka, were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture in 2013. Shizuoka prefecture occupies different elevations, from 0 to 3000 meters or more above sea level.

Research has shown that students will exhibit a positive attitude towards self-study, but that they will often fail to complete self-study activities. The purpose of this paper is to investigate positive instructor interactions and motivation of students to complete selfstudy activities and students' attitudes towards self-study. Six English instructors at the University of Shizuoka created a one-semester self-access study log for use in the university self-access language laboratory in order to find out how many students would complete the log. One of the six instructors applied motivational techniques in the classroom in an effort to engender greater student self-study. Later a questionnaire was administered to 465 student participants to determine their self-study attitudes and activities. The data collected from the questionnaire and the high participation in the selfstudy activities suggest the positive impact the motivational actions employed by the instructor had on his students' attitudes towards self-study activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Intensive Seminar for International Journal of Urology (IJU) Reviewers held at the Izusan Training Center from January 10-11, 2015 in Shizuoka, Japan. Topics mentioned include the aim to provide manuscript review training, the participant selection were recommended by the Japanese Urological Association (JUA) committee chairs, and the brief summary of the session.