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Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify clinically undiagnosed macular pathologies and determine their distribution in pre-operative cataract patients. Materials and Methods: The present study is a hospital-based cross-sectional study of patients who attended the ophthalmology OPD to undergo pre-operative evaluation for cataract surgery in a tertiary care government hospital in South Gujarat, India, during a period from July 2019 to September 2020. The inclusion criteria for the study were patients above the age of 40 years with immature cataracts that allowed for optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan acquisition. Patients with prior history of macular disease or those who have undergone treatment for retinal pathologies were excluded from the study. Two hundred cataract patients who met the defined inclusion criteria and gave an informed written consent were enrolled. Three hundred and ten eyes with a normal fundoscopic appearance underwent spectral domain OCT macula examination before cataract surgery. The OCT macula scans were scrutinised for any undiagnosed subtle macular pathologies and were documented. Cataract surgery with explained visual prognosis was undertaken in specific cases correlating with their macular findings and surgery was deferred in a few. Results: Among 200 study participants, 310 eyes had unremarkable fundoscopic appearance on ophthalmoscopy. While undergoing OCT examination, 65 (20.96%) eyes out of 310 showed abnormalities. The most common presentation was epiretinal membrane in 22 eyes (7.09%) followed by pigment epithelial detachment in 14 (4.5%) eyes. Other findings were drusen (nine eyes), lamellar macular hole (five), vitreomacular traction (five), IS-OS junction abnormalities (four), retinal pigment epithelium alterations (two), juxtafoveal telangiectasia (one), foveal thinning (one), pseudovitelliform lesion (one) and spongy oedema (one). Conclusion: Routine fundoscopic examination for pre-operative cataract evaluation of the 200 study participants failed to identify subtle macular pathologies which were further diagnosed on SD-OCT Macula. Sixty-five eyes (20.96%) out of the 310 eyes were found to have macular pathologies. The various findings that were obtained provided us an insight into the appropriate choice of intraocular lenses, required surgical consents and the therapeutic strategy for each individual patient. Thus, we can conclude that OCT macula is an indispensable investigation before cataract extraction to avoid unsolicited post-operative surprises and medicolegal conundrums.

Researchers are trying to find an alternative to the conventional methods of treatment for various pain associated ailments. Patients prefer pain killer as an immediate solution which is proven to have adverse reactions. Since vibroacoustic sound therapy has shown to have relieving effect on different forms of pain, the goal of the study was to find impact of the same using β-endorphin as biomarker, as this could be non-invasive protocol for dental pain management in the future. As a pilot project, 9 subjects of 20-40 years, clinically diagnosed with acute pulpal pain were considered and exposed to 3 frequency groups (low, moderate and high). Impact of vibroacoustic therapy was clinically evaluated by analyzing human salivary β-endorphin using Elisa kit and pain rated by the patients through a numeric rating scale. Statistical analysis performed showed that there is no significant difference for the entire population (P=0.0526), in (P= 0.3618, 0.8264, 0.0671) and between (P=0.4637) the study groups. It would be misleading to take inference due to the small sample size and other observations made.

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a highly prevalent condition which reduces patients’ quality of life (QoL) and imparts a significant economic burden on the healthcare system. Acotiamide is a novel prokinetic agent useful in treatment of FD, and this study evaluated the effectiveness of acotiamide hydrochloride hydrate in management of FD over a 4-week period in a real-world setting. This study was a prospective, observational, real-world data collection of 132 patients (85 male, 47 female) over 18 years of age diagnosed with FD as per Rome III criteria and treated with acotiamide for 4 weeks at a gastroenterology unit of a medical school in India. Those receiving prokinetics and cholinergic drugs, having any structural lesion on endoscopy, with coexisting irritable bowel syndrome and having heartburn in the past 12 weeks were excluded. Primary outcome was responders based on overall treatment efficacy (OTE) recorded on a seven-point Likert scale for postprandial distress syndrome (PDS; postprandial fullness, early satiety and upper abdominal bloating), epigastric pain syndrome (EPS; upper abdominal pain and upper abdominal discomfort) and associated symptoms (nausea, vomiting and excessive belching) at the end of 2 and 4 weeks. Secondary outcomes were elimination of symptoms of PDS, QoL assessed on the Short-Form Nepean Dyspepsia Index (SFNDI) questionnaire and clinical safety after 2 and 4 weeks. The responder rates with acotiamide at 2 and 4 weeks were 51.5% and 65.9%, respectively, for PDS. Similarly, the responder rates for EPS were 31.8% and 41.7%, respectively, at 2 weeks and 4 weeks. The responder rates for associated symptoms of nausea, vomiting and excessive belching were respectively 18.2%, 17.4% and 16.7% at 2 weeks and 18.2%, 17.4% and 18.2% at 4 weeks. Symptom elimination rates were 9.8% and 18.9% for postprandial fullness, 12.9% and 22.0% for early satiety, and 18.9% and 24.2% for abdominal bloating at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. Significant improvement (p

Background: The major nutritional challenges faced by individuals with diabetes in South Asia is adhering to dietary advocacy and providing optimal nutrition with adequate protein and dietary fibre as they usually consume very high carbohydrate diet. This is particularly a concern in vegetarians. Aim: The objective of the study was to assess the Glycemic Index (GI) and Glycemic Response (GR) of two different flavors of a plant based nutritional supplement specially designed with high protein and fibre. The subjective satiety was also assessed. Methods: In all, fifteen overweight/obese subjects aged 18-45 years were recruited. After overnight fasting, blood samples were drawn at -5 and 0 minutes. Test and reference food providing available carbohydrates of 25g each was consumed by the participants. The capillary blood samples were drawn at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Participants underwent 3 days of reference food testing and 1 day of test food test in random order with 2 days of wash out period. The GI was assessed using validated ISO, 2010 protocol. Satiety index was measured using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The dietary intake of the subjects for previous day and the test day was measured by 24-hour dietary recall. The Incremental Area Under the Curve (IAUC) was calculated using the trapezoid rule. The study was registered in the clinical trial registry of India, CTRI/2018/04/012979. Results: The GI and GR of both flavors of the supplement was categorized as low GI. The GI and GR of Flavor 1 was 27.3±4.8 and 16.4 ±2.6 (Mean ± SEM) respectively. For Flavor 2 the GI and GR was 36.7±4.4 and 25.7 ± 2.3 (Mean ± SEM). For Flavor 1, 60% of participants reported feeling hungry only after 3 hours, showing good satiety. Conclusion: The plant based high fibre high protein supplement, along with regular meal could help in reducing the postprandial glycemic response and improve satiety. Disclosure V. Mohan: None. V. Parthasarthy: None. R. Jeevan: None. G. Viswanathan: None. K. Vasudevan: None. G. Nagamuthu: None. G. Rajagopal: None. P. Karthikeyan: None. S. Shanmugam: None. R. Anjana: None. R. Unnikrishnan: None. S. Vasudevan: None. A. Toppo: Employee; Self; Dr. Reddys Laboratories. S. Mehta: Employee; Self; Dr. Reddys Laboratories. S.A. Acharya: Employee; Self; Dr. Reddys Laboratories. R.M. Bhoite: Employee; Self; Dr. Reddys Laboratories.

Objective: To study the presentation, pattern of distribution and correlate histopathological examination of lid tumor. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 50 patients presenting to tertiary referral care centre with benign or malignant tumors between July 2010 and June 2012 was carried out. All the cases were biopsied for histopathological examination (HPE). Patients were followed up at 1 month and 6 monthly intervals to observe regrowth or recurrence. Results: Benign tumours presented at a younger age (mean age 37.24 years) Malignant tumours presented at the mean age of 51.60 years and were more common among females (male: female ratio 1:1.67). Amongst benign tumours, nevus and pyogenic granuloma were most common (24.60%). Amongst malignant tumors, Meibomian gland carcinoma was commonest -12 cases (50%). 2 cases benign on clinical examination were malignant on HPE, 3 cases malignant clinically were benign on HPE. Conclusion: Many benign lesions have a tendency to masquerade as malignant lesions. Thus all lid lesions should be subjected to histopathological examination to discern not only the diagnosis but also the management.

Fast Fourier transform (FFT) is one of the most important tools in digital signal processing as well as communication system because transforming time domain to S-plane is very convenient using FFT. As FFT uses various techniques to convert a signal from time domain to S-domain and inverse, out of which butterfly technique is the one on which paper is focused on. Butterfly technique uses additions and multiplications of operands to get the required output. Floating point (FP) is used as operands due to their flexibility. As the computations involving FP has less speed, we have used binary signed digit (BSD). BSD will take the less time for addition and subtraction. Three bit BSD adder and FP adder together will make a fused dot product add (FDPA) unit. In FDPA, unit addition and subtraction will be one group and multiplication will be one group and then their respective results will be fused. Modified booth encoding and decoding algorithm are used here to make the complex multiplication with ease.