239 results on '"Shiue, I"'
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2. Stress-coping styles of 459 emergency care physicians in Germany: A pilot study
- Author
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Sand, M., Hessam, S., Sand, D., Bechara, F. G., Vorstius, C., Bromba, M., Stockfleth, E., and Shiue, I.
- Published
- 2016
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3. Role of birthplace in chronic disease in adults and very old individuals: national cohorts in the UK and USA, 2009–2010
- Author
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Shiue, I.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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4. Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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Paulson, K. R., Kamath, A. M., Alam, T., Bienhoff, K., Abady, G. G., Abbas, J., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abd-Elsalam, S. M., Abdoli, A., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Abreu, L. G., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. E., Abushouk, A. I., Adamu, A. L., Adebayo, O. M., Adegbosin, A. E., Adekanmbi, V., Adetokunboh, O. O., Adeyinka, D. A., Adsuar, J. C., Afshari, K., Aghaali, M., Agudelo-Botero, M., Ahinkorah, B. O., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmed, M. B., Aji, B., Akalu, Y., Akinyemi, O. O., Aklilu, A., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alanezi, F. M., Alanzi, T. M., Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E., Al-Eyadhy, A., Ali, T., Alicandro, G., Alif, S. M., Alipour, V., Alizade, H., Aljunid, S. M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N. A., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Alumran, A. K., Alvis-Guzman, N., Alvis-Zakzuk, N. J., Ameyaw, E. K., Amini, S., Amini-Rarani, M., Amit, A. M. L., Amugsi, D. A., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Andrei, C. L., Ansari, F., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonio, C. A. T., Antriyandarti, E., Anvari, D., Anwer, R., Aqeel, M., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aripov, T., Arnlov, J., Artanti, K. D., Arzani, A., Asaad, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, Jafarabadi, M. A., Athari, S. S., Athari, S. M., Atnafu, D. D., Atreya, A., Atteraya, M. S., Ausloos, M., Awan, A. T., Quintanilla, B. P. A., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M. A., Aynalem, Y. A., Azari, S., Azarian, G., Azene, Z. N., Darshan, BB, Babaee, E., Badiye, A. D., Baig, A. A., Banach, M., Banik, P. C., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barqawi, H. J., Bassat, Q., Basu, S., Baune, B.T., Bayati, M., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Beghi, M., Bell, M. L., Bendak, S., Bennett, D. A., Bensenor, I. M., Berhe, K., Berman, A. E., Bezabih, Y. M., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhandari, D., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Bikbov, B., Biondi, A., Birihane, B. M., Biswas, R. K., Bohlouli, S., Bragazzi, N. L., Breusov, A. V., Brunoni, A. R., Burkart, K., Nagaraja, S. B., Busse, R., Butt, Z. A., dos Santos, F. L. C., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Camargos, P., Camera, L. A., Cardenas, R., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Castelpietra, G., Cerin, E., Chang, J-C., Chanie, W. F., Charan, J., Chatterjee, S., Chattu, S. K., Chattu, V. K., Chaturvedi, S., Chen, S., Cho, D. Y., Choi, J-Y. J., Chu, D-T., Ciobanu, L. G., Cirillo, M., Conde, J., Costa, V. M., Couto, R. A. S., Dachew, B. A., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Dai, H., Dai, X., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Darmstadt, G. L., Das, J. K., Davila-Cervantes, C. A., Davis, A. C., Davletov, K., De la Hoz, F. P., De Leo, D., Deeba, F., Denova-Gutierrez, E., Dervenis, N., Desalew, A., Deuba, K., Dey, S., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhingra, S., Dhungana, G. P., da Silva, D. D., Diaz, D., Dorostkar, F., Doshmangir, L., Dubljanin, E., Duraes, A. R., Eagan, A. W., Edinur, H. A., Efendi, F., Eftekharzadeh, S., El Sayed, I., El Tantawi, M., Elbarazi, I., Elgendy, I. Y., El-Jaafary, S. I., Emami, A., Enany, S., Eyawo, O., Ezzikouri, S., Faris, P. S., Farzadfar, F., Fattahi, N., Fauk, N. K., Fazlzadeh, M., Feigin, V. L., Ferede, T. Y., Fereshtehnejad, S-M., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J. L., Foigt, N. A., Folayan, M. O., Foroutan, M., Franklin, R. C., Freitas, M., Friedman, S. D., Fukumoto, T., Gad, M. M., Gaidhane, A. M., Gaidhane, S., Gaihre, S., Gallus, S., Garcia-Basteiro, A. L., Garcia-Gordillo, M., Gardner, W. M., Fonseca, M. G., Gebremedhin, K. B., Getacher, L., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Gilani, S.A., Gill, T. K., Giussani, G., Gnedovskaya, E. V., Godinho, M. A., Goel, A., Golechha, M., Gona, P. N., Gopalani, S. V., Goudarzi, H., Grivna, M., Gugnani, H. C., Guido, D., Guimaraes, R. A., Das Gupta, R., Gupta, R., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Haider, M. R., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hamidi, S., Hanif, A., Hankey, G. J., Hargono, A., Hasaballah, A. I., Hasan, M. M., Hasan, S. S., Hassan, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Havmoeller, R. J., Hayat, K., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Henry, N. J., Herteliu, C., Hole, M. K., Holla, R., Hossain, N., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Huang, J., Humayun, A., Hwang, B-F., Iavicoli, I., Ibitoye, S. E., Ikuta, K. S., Ilesanmi, O. St., Ilic, I.M., Ilic, M. D., Inamdar, S., Inbaraj, L. R., Iqbal, K., Iqbal, U., Islam, M. M., Islam, S. M. S., Iso, H., Iwagami, M., Iwu, C. C. D., Jaafari, J., Jacobsen, K. H., Jagnoor, J., Jain, V., Janodia, M. D., Javaheri, T., Javanmardi, F., Jayaram, S., Jayatilleke, A. U., Jenabi, E., Jha, R. P., Ji, J. S., John, O., Jonas, J. B., Joo, T., Joseph, N., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J.J., Jurisson, M., Kabir, A., Kabir, Z., Kalankesh, L. R., Kamyari, N., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Matin, B. K., Karch, A., Karimi, S. E., Kassahun, G., Kayode, G. A., Karyani, A. K., Kemmer, L., Khalid, N., Khalilov, R., Khammarnia, M., Khan, E. A., Khan, G., Khan, M., Khan, M. N., Khang, Y-H., Khatab, K., Khater, A. M., Khater, M. M., Khayamzadeh, M., Khosravi, A., Kim, D., Kim, Y-E., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kissoon, N., Kopec, J. A., Kosen, S., Koul, P. A., Laxminarayana, S. L. K., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Krishnamoorthy, V., Defo, B. K., Bicer, B. K., Kulkarni, V., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kurmi, O. P., Kusuma, D., La Vecchia, C., Lacey, B., Lalloo, R., Lami, F.H., Landires, I., Larsson, A. O., Lasrado, S., Lassi, Z. S., Lauriola, P., Lee, P. H., Lee, S. W. H., Lee, Y. H., Leigh, J., Leonardi, M., Lewycka, S., Li, B., Li, S., Liang, J., Lim, L-L., Limenih, M. A., Lin, R-T., Liu, X., Lodha, R., Lopez, A. D., Lozano, R., Lugo, A., Lunevicius, R., Mackay, M. T., Kunjathur, S. M., Magnani, F. G., Prasad, D. R. M., Maheri, M., Mahmoudi, M., Majeed, A., Maled, V., Maleki, A., Maleki, S., Malekzadeh, R., Malik, A. A., Malta, D. C., Mamun, A. A., Mansouri, B., Mansournia, M. A., Martinez, G., Martini, S., Martins-Melo, F. R., Masoumi, S. Z., Maulik, P. K., McAlinden, C., McGrath, J. J., Medina-Solis, C. E., Nasab, E. M., Mejia-Rodriguez, F., Memish, Z.A., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Mengesha, E. W., Mensah, G. A., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T. J., Mersha, A. M., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Michalek, I. M., Miller, T.R., Mini, G. K., Miri, M., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, .E M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, M., Moazen, B., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohajer, B., Mohamad, O., Mohammad, Y., Mohammadi, S. M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammed, S., Mokdad, A. H., Molokhia, M., Monasta, L., Mondello, S., Moni, M. A., Moore, C. E., Moradi, G., Moradi, M., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Morawska, L., Morrison, S. D., Mosser, J. F., Khaneghah, A. M., Mustafa, G., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A. J., Nagaraju, S. P., Naghavi, M., Naghshtabrizi, B., Naimzada, M. D., Nangia, V., Swamy, S. N., Nascimento, B. R., Naveed, M., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, I., Negoi, R. I., Nena, E., Nepal, S., Netsere, H. B., Nguefack-Tsague, G., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, C. T. Y., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, H. L. T., Nigatu, Y. T., Nigussie, S. N., Nixon, M. R., Nnaji, C. A., Nomura, S., Noor, N. M., Noubiap, J. J., Nunez-Samudio, V., Nwatah, V. E., Oancea, B., Odukoya, O. O., Ogbo, F. A., Olusanya, B. O., Olusanya, J. O., Bali, A. O., Onwujekwe, O. E., Ortiz, A., Otoiu, A., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S. S., Owolabi, M. O., Mahesh, P. A., Padubidri, J. R., Pakhale, S., Pakshir, K., Pal, P. K., Palladino, R., Pana, A., Panda-Jonas, S., Pandey, A., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Pangaribuan, H. U., Pardo-Montano, A. M., Park, E-K., Patel, S. K., Patton, G. C., Pawar, S., Toroudi, H. P., Peden, A. E., Pepito, V. C. F., Peprah, E. K., Pereira, J., Perez-Gomez, J., Perico, N., Pesudovs, K., Pilgrim, T., Pinheiro, M., Piradov, M. A., Pirsaheb, M., Platts-Mills, J. A., Pokhrel, K. N., Postma, M. J., Pourjafar, H., Prada, S. I., Prakash, S., Pupillo, E., Syed, Z. Q., Rabiee, N., Radfar, A., Rafiee, A., Rafiei, A., Raggi, A., Rahimzadeh, S., Rahman, M. H. U., Rahmani, A. M., Ramezanzadeh, K., Rana, J., Ranabhat, C. L., Rao, S. J., Rasella, D., Rastogi, P., Rathi, P., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Rawasia, W. F., Rawassizadeh, R., Jr, R. C. R., Remuzzi, G., Renzaho, A. M. N., Reshmi, B., Resnikoff, S., Rezaei, N., Rezapour, A., Riahi, S. M., Ribeiro, D., Rickard, J., Roever, L., Ronfani, L., Rothenbacher, D., Rubagotti, E., Rumisha, S. F., Ryan, P. M., Saddik, B., Sadeghi, E., Moghaddam, S. S., Sagar, R., Sahebkar, A., Salahshoor, M. R., Salehi, S., Salem, M. R., Salimzadeh, H., Salomon, J. A., Samodra, Y. L., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Saraswathy, S. Y. I., Sarker, A.R., Sarrafzadegan, N., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Sathish, T., Sattin, D., Saxena, S., Saya, G. K., Saylan, M., Schiavolin, S., Schlaich, M. P., Schwebel, D. C., Schwendicke, F., Senthilkumaran, S., Sepanlou, S. G., Servan-Mori, E., Sha, F., Shafaat, O., Shahabi, S., Shahbaz, M., Shaheen, A. A., Shahid, I., Shaikh, M. A., Shakiba, S., Shalash, A. S., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Shannawaz, M., Sharafi, K., Sheikh, A., Sheikhbahaei, S., Shiferaw, W. S., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J. I. l., Shiri, R., Shiue, I., Shuval, K., Siddiqi, T. J., Sidemo, N. B., Sigfusdottir, I. D., Sigurvinsdottir, R., Silva, J. P., Silverberg, J. I. S., Simonetti, B., Singh, B.B., Singh, J. A., Singhal, D., Sinha, D. N., Skiadaresi, E., Skryabin, V. Y., Skryabina, A. A., Sleet, D. A., Sobaih, B. H., Sobhiyeh, M. R., Soltani, S., Soriano, J. B., Spurlock, E. E., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Steiropoulos, P., Stokes, M. A., Stortecky, S., Sufiyan, M. B., Abdulkader, R. S., Sulo, G., Swope, C. B., Sykes, B. L., Szeto, M. D., Szocska, M., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Tadesse, E. G., Taherkhani, A., Tamiru, A.T., Tareque, M. I., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Temsah, M-H., Tesfay, F. H., Tessema, G. A., Tessema, Z. T., Thankappan, K. R., Thapar, R., Tolani, M. A., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Traini, E., Tran, B. X., Tripathy, J. P., Tsapparellas, G., Tsatsakis, A., Car, L. T., Uddin, R., Ullah, A., Umeokonkwo, C. D., Unim, B., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhyay, E., Usman, M. S., Vacante, M., Vaezi, M., Tahbaz, S. V., Valdez, P. R., Vasankari, T. J., Venketasubramanian, N., Verma, M., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Vo, B., Vu, G. T., Wado, Y. D., Waheed, Y., Wamai, R. G., Wang, Y., Wang, Y-P., Ward, P., Werdecker, A., Westerman, R., Wickramasinghe, N. D., Wilner, L. B., Wiysonge, C. S., Wu, A-M., Wu, C., Xie, Y., Jabbari, S. H. Y., Yamagishi, K., Yandrapalli, S., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S-J., Younis, M. Z., Yousefi, Z., Yousefinezhadi, T., Yu, C., Yusuf, S. S., Zaidi, S. S., Bin Zaman, S., Zamani, M., Zamanian, M., Zastrozhin, M. S., Zastrozhina, A., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z-J., Zhao, X-J. G., Ziapour, A., Hay, S. I., Murray, C. J. L., Wang, H., Kassebaum, N. J., GBD 2019 Under-5 Mortality Collaborators, Paulson K.R., Kamath A.M., Alam T., Bienhoff K., Abady G.G., Abbas J., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abd-Elsalam S.M., Abdoli A., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abreu L.G., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abu-Rmeileh N.M., Abushouk A.I., Adamu A.L., Adebayo O.M., Adegbosin A.E., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adeyinka D.A., Adsuar J.C., Afshari K., Aghaali M., Agudelo-Botero M., Ahinkorah B.O., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmed M.B., Aji B., Akalu Y., Akinyemi O.O., Aklilu A., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Al-Eyadhy A., Ali T., Alicandro G., Alif S.M., Alipour V., Alizade H., Aljunid S.M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N.A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Alonso J., Al-Raddadi R.M., Altirkawi K.A., Alumran A.K., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N.J., Ameyaw E.K., Amini S., Amini-Rarani M., Amit A.M.L., Amugsi D.A., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Andrei C.L., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Antonio C.A.T., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Anwer R., Aqeel M., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aripov T., Arnlov J., Artanti K.D., Arzani A., Asaad M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asadi-Pooya A.A., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Athari S.S., Athari S.M., Atnafu D.D., Atreya A., Atteraya M.S., Ausloos M., Awan A.T., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Azari S., Azarian G., Azene Z.N., B D.B., Babaee E., Badiye A.D., Baig A.A., Banach M., Banik P.C., Barker-Collo S.L., Barqawi H.J., Bassat Q., Basu S., Baune B.T., Bayati M., Bedi N., Beghi E., Beghi M., Bell M.L., Bendak S., Bennett D.A., Bensenor I.M., Berhe K., Berman A.E., Bezabih Y.M., Bhagavathula A.S., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Bikbov B., Biondi A., Birihane B.M., Biswas R.K., Bohlouli S., Bragazzi N.L., Breusov A.V., Brunoni A.R., Burkart K., Burugina Nagaraja S., Busse R., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F.L., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camargos P., Camera L.A., Cardenas R., Carreras G., Carrero J.J., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castelpietra G., Cerin E., Chang J.-C., Chanie W.F., Charan J., Chatterjee S., Chattu S.K., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Chen S., Cho D.Y., Choi J.-Y.J., Chu D.-T., Ciobanu L.G., Cirillo M., Conde J., Costa V.M., Couto R.A.S., Dachew B.A., Dahlawi S.M.A., Dai H., Dai X., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Darmstadt G.L., Das J.K., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davis A.C., Davletov K., De la Hoz F.P., De Leo D., Deeba F., Denova-Gutierrez E., Dervenis N., Desalew A., Deuba K., Dey S., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhingra S., Dhungana G.P., Dias da Silva D., Diaz D., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Dubljanin E., Duraes A.R., Eagan A.W., Edinur H.A., Efendi F., Eftekharzadeh S., El Sayed I., El Tantawi M., Elbarazi I., Elgendy I.Y., El-Jaafary S.I., Emami A., Enany S., Eyawo O., Ezzikouri S., Faris P.S., Farzadfar F., Fattahi N., Fauk N.K., Fazlzadeh M., Feigin V.L., Ferede T.Y., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J.L., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Foroutan M., Franklin R.C., Freitas M., Friedman S.D., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Gaidhane A.M., Gaidhane S., Gaihre S., Gallus S., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Garcia-Gordillo M.A., Gardner W.M., Gaspar Fonseca M., Gebremedhin K.B., Getacher L., Ghashghaee A., Gholamian A., Gilani S.A., Gill T.K., Giussani G., Gnedovskaya E.V., Godinho M.A., Goel A., Golechha M., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Goudarzi H., Grivna M., Gugnani H.C., Guido D., Guimaraes R.A., Gupta R.D., Gupta R., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haider M.R., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamidi S., Hanif A., Hankey G.J., Hargono A., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan M.M., Hasan S.S., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Havmoeller R.J., Hayat K., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., Hole M.K., Holla R., Hossain N., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Huang J., Humayun A., Hwang B.-F., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S.E., Ikuta K.S., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Inamdar S., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal K., Iqbal U., Islam M.M., Islam S.M.S., Iso H., Iwagami M., Iwu C.C.D., Jaafari J., Jacobsen K.H., Jagnoor J., Jain V., Janodia M.D., Javaheri T., Javanmardi F., Jayaram S., Jayatilleke A.U., Jenabi E., Jha R.P., Ji J.S., John O., Jonas J.B., Joo T., Joseph N., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kalankesh L.R., Kamyari N., Kanchan T., Kapoor N., Karami Matin B., Karch A., Karimi S.E., Kassahun G., Kayode G.A., Kazemi Karyani A., Kemmer L., Khalid N., Khalilov R., Khammarnia M., Khan E.A., Khan G., Khan M., Khan M.N., Khang Y.-H., Khatab K., Khater A.M., Khater M.M., Khayamzadeh M., Khosravi A., Kim D., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissoon N., Kopec J.A., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koulmane Laxminarayana S.L., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kulkarni V., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Kumar N., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lalloo R., Lami F.H., Landires I., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Lassi Z.S., Lauriola P., Lee P.H., Lee S.W.H., Lee Y.H., Leigh J., Leonardi M., Lewycka S., Li B., Li S., Liang J., Lim L.-L., Limenih M.A., Lin R.-T., Liu X., Lodha R., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Lugo A., Lunevicius R., Mackay M.T., Madhava Kunjathur S., Magnani F.G., Mahadeshwara Prasad D.R., Maheri M., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Maled V., Maleki A., Maleki S., Malekzadeh R., Malik A.A., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Martinez G., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Masoumi S.Z., Maulik P.K., McAlinden C., McGrath J.J., Medina-Solis C.E., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha E.W., Mensah G.A., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Mersha A.M., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I.M., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Miri M., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohajer B., Mohamad O., Mohammad Y., Mohammadi S.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Molokhia M., 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A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Kemmer, L., Khalid, N., Khalilov, R., Khammarnia, M., Khan, E. A., Khan, G., Khan, M., Khan, M. N., Khang, Y. -H., Khatab, K., Khater, A. M., Khater, M. M., Khayamzadeh, M., Khosravi, A., Kim, D., Kim, Y. -E., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kissoon, N., Kopec, J. A., Kosen, S., Koul, P. A., Koulmane Laxminarayana, S. L., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Krishnamoorthy, V., Kuate Defo, B., Kucuk Bicer, B., Kulkarni, V., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kurmi, O. P., Kusuma, D., La Vecchia, C., Lacey, B., Lalloo, R., Lami, F. H., Landires, I., Larsson, A. O., Lasrado, S., Lassi, Z. S., Lauriola, P., Lee, P. H., Lee, S. W. H., Lee, Y. H., Leigh, J., Leonardi, M., Lewycka, S., Li, B., Li, S., Liang, J., Lim, L. -L., Limenih, M. A., Lin, R. -T., Liu, X., Lodha, R., Lopez, A. D., Lozano, R., Lugo, A., Lunevicius, R., Mackay, M. T., Madhava Kunjathur, S., Magnani, F. G., Mahadeshwara Prasad, D. 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Male ,Perinatal care ,Newborn care ,STILLBIRTHS ,RJ101 ,UNDER-5 MORTALITY ,Psychological intervention ,010501 environmental sciences ,Infant mortality ,Global Health ,01 natural sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,RA0421 ,Cause of Death ,Infant Mortality ,Global health ,Life Tables ,Healthcare improvements ,030212 general & internal medicine ,610 Medicine & health ,Child ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,Infant ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Sustainable Development ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,Cause of death ,Life Table ,Mortality rate ,1. No poverty ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,General Medicine ,Articles ,Hälsovetenskaper ,Mortality analyses ,3. Good health ,Child, Preschool ,SDG 1 - No Poverty ,Child Mortality ,Female ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Human ,Child mortality ,COUNTRIES ,DEATHS ,Infants -- Mortalitat ,GBD ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medicine, General & Internal ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Life tables ,under-5 mortality rate ,General & Internal Medicine ,Health Sciences ,Neonatal deaths ,medicine ,SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS ,Medicine [Science] ,Infants -- Salut ,Preschool ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Science & Technology ,Infants nadons -- Salut ,business.industry ,Infants nadons -- Mortalitat ,INFORM ,Infant, Newborn ,Neonatal and child health ,Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 ,GBD 2019 Under-5 Mortality Collaborators ,medicine.disease ,Newborn ,TRENDS ,Sustainable Development Goal ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Deaths ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,RG ,business ,Systematic Analysis ,Malaria ,Demography - Abstract
Background: Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods: We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (U5MR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings: Global U5MR decreased from 71·2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 68·3-74·0) in 2000 to 37·1 (33·2-41·7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28·0 deaths per 1000 live births (26·8-29·5) in 2000 to 17·9 (16·3-19·8) in 2019. In 2019, 136 (67%) of 204 countries had a U5MR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an NMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold, and the reference scenario suggests that by 2030, 154 (75%) of all countries could meet the U5MR targets, and 139 (68%) could meet the NMR targets. Deaths of children younger than 5 years totalled 9·65 million (95% UI 9·05-10·30) in 2000 and 5·05 million (4·27-6·02) in 2019, with the neonatal fraction of these deaths increasing from 39% (3·76 million [95% UI 3·53-4·02]) in 2000 to 48% (2·42 million; 2·06-2·86) in 2019. NMR and U5MR were generally higher in males than in females, although there was no statistically significant difference at the global level. Neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years in 2019, followed by lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, congenital birth defects, and malaria. The global optimum analysis suggests NMR could be reduced to as low as 0·80 (95% UI 0·71-0·86) deaths per 1000 livebirths and U5MR to 1·44 (95% UI 1·27-1·58) deaths per 1000 livebirths, and in 2019, there were as many as 1·87 million (95% UI 1·35-2·58; 37% [95% UI 32-43]) of 5·05 million more deaths of children younger than 5 years than the survival potential frontier. Interpretation: Global child mortality declined by almost half between 2000 and 2019, but progress remains slower in neonates and 65 (32%) of 204 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, are not on track to meet either SDG 3.2 target by 2030. Focused improvements in perinatal and newborn care, continued and expanded delivery of essential interventions such as vaccination and infection prevention, an enhanced focus on equity, continued focus on poverty reduction and education, and investment in strengthening health systems across the development spectrum have the potential to substantially improve U5MR. Given the widespread effects of COVID-19, considerable effort will be required to maintain and accelerate progress. This article was supported by the European Research Council, ERC 848325. Alberto Ortiz was supported by FIS/Fondos FEDER (PI18/01366, PI19/00588, PI19/00815, DTS18/00032, ERA-PerMed-JTC2018 (KIDNEY ATTACK AC18/00064 and PERSTIGAN AC18/00071, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009). Daniela Ribeiro acknowledges the financial support from the European Union [FEDER funds through COMPETE, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029253). Joan B Soriano acknowledges support from the Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
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- 2021
5. Increased health service use for asthma, but decreased for COPD: Northumbrian hospital episodes, 2013–2014
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Shiue, I.
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- 2016
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6. Risks of atrial fibrillation and death at discharge after thrombolysis in stroke patients: Northumbrian Sentinel Stroke Audit, 2013–2015
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Shiue, I.
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- 2017
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7. Increased health service use for allergy in adults: Northumbrian hospital episodes, 2010–2015
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Shiue, I.
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- 2016
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8. Carga global, regional y nacional de neurológicas. Desórdenes, 1990-2016: un análisis sistemático para el Global Estudio de la carga de enfermedad 2016
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Hao Y, Haro J, Hassankhani H, Hassen H, Havmoeller R, Hay S, Hegazy M, Heidari B, Henok A, Heydarpour F, Hoang C, Hole M, Rad E, Hosseini S, Hu G, Igumbor E, Ilesanmi O, Irvani S, Islam S, Jakovljevic M, Javanbakht M, Jha R, Jobanputra Y, Jonas J, Jozwiak J, Jurisson M, Kahsay A, Kalani R, Kalkonde Y, Kamil T, Kanchan T, Karami M, Karch A, Karimi N, Kasaeian A, Kassa T, Kassa Z, Kaul A, Kefale A, Keiyoro P, Khader Y, Khafaie M, Khalil I, Khan E, Khang Y, Khazaie H, Kiadaliri A, Kiirithio D, Kim A, Kim D, Kim Y, Kisa A, Kokubo Y, Koyanagi A, Krishnamurthi R, Defo B, Bicer B, Kumar M, Lacey B, Lafranconi A, Lansingh V, Latifi A, Leshargie C, Li S, Liao Y, Linn S, Lo W, Lopez J, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Lucas R, Lunevicius R, Mackay M, Mahotra N, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta D, Manafi N, Mansournia M, Mantovani L, Marz W, Mashamba-Thompson T, Massenburg B, Mate K, McAlinden C, McGrath J, Mehta V, Meier T, Meles H, Melese A, Memiah P, Memish Z, Mendoza W, Mengistu D, Mengistu G, Meretoja A, Meretoja T, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Miller T, Mini G, Mirrakhimov E, Moazen B, Mohajer B, Mezerji N, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Mohammadibakhsh R, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Mokdad A, Monasta L, Mondello S, Moodley Y, Moosazadeh M, Moradi G, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradinazar M, Moraga P, Velasquez I, Morrison S, Mousavi S, Muhammed O, Muruet W, Musa K, Mustafa G, Naderi M, Nagel G, Naheed A, Naik G, Najafi F, Nangia V, Negoi I, Negoi R, Newton C, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen C, Nguyen L, Ningrum D, Nirayo Y, Nixon M, Norrving B, Noubiap J, Shiadeh M, Nyasulu P, Ogbo F, Oh I, Olagunju A, Olagunju T, Olivares P, Onwujekwe O, Oren E, Owolabi M, Mahesh P, Pakpour A, Pan W, Panda-Jonas S, Pandian J, Patel S, Pereira D, Petzold M, Pillay J, Piradov M, Polanczyk G, Polinder S, Postma M, Poulton R, Poustchi H, Prakash S, Prakash V, Qorbani M, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rajati F, Ram U, Ranta A, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Reinig N, Reis C, Renzaho A, Resnikoff S, Rezaeian S, Rezai M, Gonzalez C, Roberts N, Roever L, Ronfani L, Roro E, Roshandel G, Rostami A, Sabbagh P, Sacco R, Sachdev P, Saddik B, Safari H, Safari-Faramani R, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahathevan R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian M, Salamati P, Zahabi S, Salimi Y, Samy A, Sanabria J, Santos I, Milicevic M, Sarrafzadegan N, Sartorius B, Sarvi S, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Sawant A, Sawhney M, Schneider I, Schottker B, Schwebel D, Seedat S, Sepanlou S, Shabaninejad H, Shafieesabet A, Shaikh M, Shakir R, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsizadeh M, Sharif M, Sharif-Alhoseini M, She J, Sheikh A, Sheth K, Shigematsu M, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shiue I, Siabani S, Siddiqi T, Sigfusdottir I, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silberberg D, Silva J, Silveira D, Singh J, Sinha D, Skiadaresi E, Smith M, Sobaih B, Sobhani S, Soofi M, Soyiri I, Sposato L, Stein D, Stein M, Stokes M, Sufiyan M, Sykes B, Sylaja P, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Ao B, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah M, Temsah O, Thakur J, Thrift A, Topor-Madry R, Tortajada-Girbes M, Tovani-Palone M, Tran B, Tran K, Truelsen T, Tsadik A, Car L, Ukwaja K, Ullah I, Usman M, Uthman O, Valdez P, Vasankari T, Vasanthan R, Veisani Y, Venketasubramanian N, Violante F, Vlassov V, Vosoughi K, Vu G, Vujcic I, Wagnew F, Waheed Y, Wang Y, Weiderpass E, Weiss J, Whiteford H, Wijeratne T, Winkler A, Wiysonge C, Wolfe C, Xu G, Yadollahpour A, Yamada T, Yano Y, Yaseri M, Yatsuya H, Yimer E, Yip P, Yisma E, Yonemoto N, Yousefifard M, Yu C, Zaidi Z, Bin Zaman S, Zamani M, Zandian H, Zare Z, Zhang Y, Zodpey S, Naghavi M, Murray C, Vos T, GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, VU University medical center, Feigin V.L., Nichols E., Alam T., Bannick M.S., Beghi E., Blake N., Culpepper W.J., Dorsey E.R., Elbaz A., Ellenbogen R.G., Fisher J.L., Fitzmaurice C., Giussani G., Glennie L., James S.L., Johnson C.O., Kassebaum N.J., Logroscino G., Marin B., Mountjoy-Venning W.C., Nguyen M., Ofori-Asenso R., Patel A.P., Piccininni M., Roth G.A., Steiner T.J., Stovner L.J., Szoeke C.E.I., Theadom A., Vollset S.E., Wallin M.T., Wright C., Zunt J.R., Abbasi N., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abdollahpour I., Aboyans V., Abraha H.N., Acharya D., Adamu A.A., Adebayo O.M., Adeoye A.M., Adsuar J.C., Afarideh M., Agrawal S., Ahmadi A., Ahmed M.B., Aichour A.N., Aichour I., Aichour M.T.E., Akinyemi R.O., Akseer N., Al-Eyadhy A., Al-Shahi Salman R., Alahdab F., Alene K.A., Aljunid S.M., Altirkawi K., Alvis-Guzman N., Anber N.H., Antonio C.A.T., Arabloo J., Aremu O., Arnlov J., Asayesh H., Asghar R.J., Atalay H.T., Awasthi A., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayuk T.B., Badawi A., Banach M., Banoub J.A.M., Barboza M.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barnighausen T.W., Baune B.T., Bedi N., Behzadifar M., Bejot Y., Bekele B.B., Belachew A.B., Bennett D.A., Bensenor I.M., Berhane A., Beuran M., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Biadgo B., Bijani A., Bililign N., Bin Sayeed M.S., Blazes C.K., Brayne C., Butt Z.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Cantu-Brito C., Car M., Cardenas R., Carrero J.J., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chaiah Y., Chang J.-C., Chatziralli I., Chiang P.P.-C., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Cooper C., Cortesi P.A., Costa V.M., Criqui M.H., Crowe C.S., Damasceno A.A.M., Daryani A., De la Cruz-Gongora V., De La Hoz F.P., De Leo D., Degefa M.G., Demoz G.T., Deribe K., Dharmaratne S.D., Diaz D., Dinberu M.T., Djalalinia S., Doku D.T., Dubey M., Dubljanin E., Duken E.E., Edvardsson D., El-Khatib Z., Endres M., Endries A.Y., Eskandarieh S., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Farhadi F., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Farzaei M.H., Fatima B., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Feyissa G.T., Filip I., Fischer F., Fukumoto T., Ganji M., Gankpe F.G., Garcia-Gordillo M.A., Gebre A.K., Gebremichael T.G., Gelaw B.K., Geleijnse J.M., Geremew D., Gezae K.E., Ghasemi-Kasman M., Gidey M.Y., Gill P.S., Gill T.K., Gnedovskaya E.V., Goulart A.C., Grada A., Grosso G., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haagsma J.A., Hagos T.B., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Hankey G.J., Hao Y., Haro J.M., Hassankhani H., Hassen H.Y., Havmoeller R., Hay S.I., Hegazy M.I., Heidari B., Henok A., Heydarpour F., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Homaie Rad E., Hosseini S.M., Hu G., Igumbor E.U., Ilesanmi O.S., Irvani S.S.N., Islam S.M.S., Jakovljevic M., Javanbakht M., Jha R.P., Jobanputra Y.B., Jonas J.B., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kahsay A., Kalani R., Kalkonde Y., Kamil T.A., Kanchan T., Karami M., Karch A., Karimi N., Kasaeian A., Kassa T.D., Kassa Z.Y., Kaul A., Kefale A.T., Keiyoro P.N., Khader Y.S., Khafaie M.A., Khalil I.A., Khan E.A., Khang Y.-H., Khazaie H., Kiadaliri A.A., Kiirithio D.N., Kim A.S., Kim D., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kisa A., Kokubo Y., Koyanagi A., Krishnamurthi R.V., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kumar M., Lacey B., Lafranconi A., Lansingh V.C., Latifi A., Leshargie C.T., Li S., Liao Y., Linn S., Lo W.D., Lopez J.C.F., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P.A., Lucas R.M., Lunevicius R., Mackay M.T., Mahotra N.B., Majdan M., Majdzadeh R., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Manafi N., Mansournia M.A., Mantovani L.G., Marz W., Mashamba-Thompson T.P., Massenburg B.B., Mate K.K.V., McAlinden C., McGrath J.J., Mehta V., Meier T., Meles H.G., Melese A., Memiah P.T.N., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mengistu D.T., Mengistu G., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirrakhimov E.M., Moazen B., Mohajer B., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadi M., Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M., Mohammadibakhsh R., Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Monasta L., Mondello S., Moodley Y., Moosazadeh M., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradinazar M., Moraga P., Moreno Velasquez I., Morrison S.D., Mousavi S.M., Muhammed O.S., Muruet W., Musa K.I., Mustafa G., Naderi M., Nagel G., Naheed A., Naik G., Najafi F., Nangia V., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Newton C.R.J., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen L.H., Ningrum D.N.A., Nirayo Y.L., Nixon M.R., Norrving B., Noubiap J.J., Nourollahpour Shiadeh M., Nyasulu P.S., Ogbo F.A., Oh I.-H., Olagunju A.T., Olagunju T.O., Olivares P.R., Onwujekwe O.E., Oren E., Owolabi M.O., A M.P., Pakpour A.H., Pan W.-H., Panda-Jonas S., Pandian J.D., Patel S.K., Pereira D.M., Petzold M., Pillay J.D., Piradov M.A., Polanczyk G.V., Polinder S., Postma M.J., Poulton R., Poustchi H., Prakash S., Prakash V., Qorbani M., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M., Rahman M.H.U., Rahman M.A., Rajati F., Ram U., Ranta A., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Reinig N., Reis C., Renzaho A.M.N., Resnikoff S., Rezaeian S., Rezai M.S., Rios Gonzalez C.M., Roberts N.L.S., Roever L., Ronfani L., Roro E.M., Roshandel G., Rostami A., Sabbagh P., Sacco R.L., Sachdev P.S., Saddik B., Safari H., Safari-Faramani R., Safi S., Safiri S., Sagar R., Sahathevan R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M.A., Salamati P., Salehi Zahabi S., Salimi Y., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Santos I.S., Santric Milicevic M.M., Sarrafzadegan N., Sartorius B., Sarvi S., Sathian B., Satpathy M., Sawant A.R., Sawhney M., Schneider I.J.C., Schottker B., Schwebel D.C., Seedat S., Sepanlou S.G., Shabaninejad H., Shafieesabet A., Shaikh M.A., Shakir R.A., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsizadeh M., Sharif M., Sharif-Alhoseini M., She J., Sheikh A., Sheth K.N., Shigematsu M., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shiue I., Siabani S., Siddiqi T.J., Sigfusdottir I.D., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silberberg D.H., Silva J.P., Silveira D.G.A., Singh J.A., Sinha D.N., Skiadaresi E., Smith M., Sobaih B.H., Sobhani S., Soofi M., Soyiri I.N., Sposato L.A., Stein D.J., Stein M.B., Stokes M.A., Sufiyan M.B., Sykes B.L., Sylaja P., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Te Ao B.J., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Temsah M.-H., Temsah O., Thakur J.S., Thrift A.G., Topor-Madry R., Tortajada-Girbes M., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Truelsen T.C., Tsadik A.G., Tudor Car L., Ukwaja K.N., Ullah I., Usman M.S., Uthman O.A., Valdez P.R., Vasankari T.J., Vasanthan R., Veisani Y., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vosoughi K., Vu G.T., Vujcic I.S., Wagnew F.S., Waheed Y., Wang Y.-P., Weiderpass E., Weiss J., Whiteford H.A., Wijeratne T., Winkler A.S., Wiysonge C.S., Wolfe C.D.A., Xu G., Yadollahpour A., Yamada T., Yano Y., Yaseri M., Yatsuya H., Yimer E.M., Yip P., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Yousefifard M., Yu C., Zaidi Z., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zandian H., Zare Z., Zhang Y., Zodpey S., Naghavi M., Murray C.J.L., Vos T., Public Health, Feigin, Valery L, Nichols, Emma, Alam, Tahiya, Bannick, Marlena S, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Yisma, Engida, Vos, Theo, GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, Viðskiptadeild (HR), School of Business (RU), Háskólinn í Reykjavík, Reykjavik University, Feigin, V, Nichols, E, Alam, T, Bannick, M, Beghi, E, Blake, N, Culpepper, W, Dorsey, E, Elbaz, A, Ellenbogen, R, Fisher, J, Fitzmaurice, C, Giussani, G, Glennie, L, James, S, Johnson, C, Kassebaum, N, Logroscino, G, Marin, B, Mountjoy-Venning, W, Nguyen, M, Ofori-Asenso, R, Patel, A, Piccininni, M, Roth, G, Steiner, T, Stovner, L, Szoeke, C, Theadom, A, Vollset, S, Wallin, M, Wright, C, Zunt, J, Abbasi, N, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Aboyans, V, Abraha, H, Acharya, D, Adamu, A, Adebayo, O, Adeoye, A, Adsuar, J, Afarideh, M, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, M, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Akinyemi, R, Akseer, N, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Shahi Salman, R, Alahdab, F, Alene, K, Aljunid, S, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Anber, N, Antonio, C, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Asayesh, H, Asghar, R, Atalay, H, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayuk, T, Badawi, A, Banach, M, Banoub, J, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Baune, B, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Béjot, Y, Bekele, B, Belachew, A, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berhane, A, Beuran, M, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Bililign, N, Bin Sayeed, M, Blazes, C, Brayne, C, Butt, Z, Campos-Nonato, I, Cantu-Brito, C, Car, M, Cárdenas, R, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castro, F, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Chaiah, Y, Chang, J, Chatziralli, I, Chiang, P, Christensen, H, Christopher, D, Cooper, C, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Criqui, M, Crowe, C, Damasceno, A, Daryani, A, De la Cruz-Góngora, V, De la Hoz, F, De Leo, D, Demoz, G, Deribe, K, Dharmaratne, S, Diaz, D, Dinberu, M, Djalalinia, S, Doku, D, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duken, E, Edvardsson, D, El-Khatib, Z, Endres, M, Endries, A, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Farhadi, F, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Farzaei, M, Fatima, B, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fukumoto, T, Ganji, M, Gankpe, F, Garcia-Gordillo, M, Gebre, A, Gebremichael, T, Gelaw, B, Geleijnse, J, Geremew, D, Gezae, K, Ghasemi-Kasman, M, Gidey, M, Gill, P, Gill, T, Girma, E, Gnedovskaya, E, Goulart, A, Grada, A, Grosso, G, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Haagsma, J, Hagos, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Hankey, G, Hao, Y, Haro, J, Hassankhani, H, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, Hegazy, M, Heidari, B, Henok, A, Heydarpour, F, Hoang, C, Hole, M, Homaie Rad, E, Hosseini, S, Hu, G, Igumbor, E, Ilesanmi, O, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Jakovljevic, M, Javanbakht, M, Jha, R, Jobanputra, Y, Jonas, J, Jozwiak, J, Jürisson, M, Kahsay, A, Kalani, R, Kalkonde, Y, Kamil, T, Kanchan, T, Karami, M, Karch, A, Karimi, N, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, T, Kassa, Z, Kaul, A, Kefale, A, Keiyoro, P, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khang, Y, Khazaie, H, Kiadaliri, A, Kiirithio, D, Kim, A, Kim, D, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kokubo, Y, Koyanagi, A, Krishnamurthi, R, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kumar, M, Lacey, B, Lafranconi, A, Lansingh, V, Latifi, A, Leshargie, C, Li, S, Liao, Y, Linn, S, Lo, W, Lopez, J, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lucas, R, Lunevicius, R, Mackay, M, Mahotra, N, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Manafi, N, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, März, W, Mashamba-Thompson, T, Massenburg, B, Mate, K, Mcalinden, C, Mcgrath, J, Mehta, V, Meier, T, Meles, H, Melese, A, Memiah, P, Memish, Z, Mendoza, W, Mengistu, D, Mengistu, G, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Miller, T, Mini, G, Mirrakhimov, E, Moazen, B, Mohajer, B, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani, M, Mohammadibakhsh, R, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, M, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, A, Monasta, L, Mondello, S, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradinazar, M, Moraga, P, Moreno Velásquez, I, Morrison, S, Mousavi, S, Muhammed, O, Muruet, W, Musa, K, Mustafa, G, Naderi, M, Nagel, G, Naheed, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nangia, V, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Newton, C, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, L, Ningrum, D, Nirayo, Y, Nixon, M, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, M, Nyasulu, P, Ogah, O, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Olivares, P, Onwujekwe, O, Oren, E, Owolabi, M, Pa, M, Pakpour, A, Pan, W, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandian, J, Patel, S, Pereira, D, Petzold, M, Pillay, J, Piradov, M, Polanczyk, G, Polinder, S, Postma, M, Poulton, R, Poustchi, H, Prakash, S, Prakash, V, Qorbani, M, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rajati, F, Ram, U, Ranta, A, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Reinig, N, Reis, C, Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezaeian, S, Rezai, M, Rios González, C, Roberts, N, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roro, E, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Sabbagh, P, Sacco, R, Sachdev, P, Saddik, B, Safari, H, Safari-Faramani, R, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahathevan, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Salamati, P, Salehi Zahabi, S, Salimi, Y, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santos, I, Santric Milicevic, M, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sartorius, B, Sarvi, S, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Sawant, A, Sawhney, M, Schneider, I, Schöttker, B, Schwebel, D, Seedat, S, Sepanlou, S, Shabaninejad, H, Shafieesabet, A, Shaikh, M, Shakir, R, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharif, M, Sharif-Alhoseini, M, She, J, Sheikh, A, Sheth, K, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shiue, I, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, T, Sigfusdottir, I, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silberberg, D, Silva, J, Silveira, D, Singh, J, Sinha, D, Skiadaresi, E, Smith, M, Sobaih, B, Sobhani, S, Soofi, M, Soyiri, I, Sposato, L, Stein, D, Stein, M, Stokes, M, Sufiyan, M, Sykes, B, Sylaja, P, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Te Ao, B, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M, Temsah, O, Thakur, J, Thrift, A, Topor-Madry, R, Tortajada-Girbés, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Tran, K, Truelsen, T, Tsadik, A, Tudor Car, L, Ukwaja, K, Ullah, I, Usman, M, Uthman, O, Valdez, P, Vasankari, T, Vasanthan, R, Veisani, Y, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vosoughi, K, Vu, G, Vujcic, I, Wagnew, F, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Weiderpass, E, Weiss, J, Whiteford, H, Wijeratne, T, Winkler, A, Wiysonge, C, Wolfe, C, Xu, G, Yadollahpour, A, Yamada, T, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Yatsuya, H, Yimer, E, Yip, P, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Yousefifard, M, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zandian, H, Zare, Z, Zhang, Y, Zodpey, S, Naghavi, M, Murray, C, Vos, T, PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine), Clinicum, Department of Neurosciences, Neurologian yksikkö, Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, II kirurgian klinikka, and HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center
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Dánarmein ,Male ,Epidemiology ,Diseases ,Malalties cerebrals ,Global Burden of Disease ,Disability Evaluation ,0302 clinical medicine ,Case fatality rate ,Psychology ,Konur ,Cause of death ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,Incidence ,Men ,Taugavísindi ,ddc ,3. Good health ,Sálfræði ,World health ,Muerte ,Neurology ,GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators ,Brain diseases ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,Alzheimer disease ,Carga global de enfermedades ,Nervous system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Global burden of diseases ,Lífsgæði ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Health Sciences ,Humans ,Women ,education ,Trastornos neurológicos ,VLAG ,Aged ,Science & Technology ,3112 Neurosciences ,Global Burden of Diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,Years of potential life lost ,Επιστήμες Υγείας ,Dementia ,Human medicine ,Neurosciences & Neurology ,Neurology (clinical) ,Clinical Medicine ,1109 Neurosciences ,Neurological disorders ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,dementia ,RC ,0301 basic medicine ,Pediatrics ,Dánartíðni ,Nutrition and Disease ,3124 Neurology and psychiatry ,Disease Study ,Taugasjúkdómar ,Risk Factors ,Voeding en Ziekte ,Cause of Death ,Global health ,Prevalence ,Causes of death ,Public health ,Mortality rate ,Mental Disorders ,Age Factors ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,Middle Aged ,neurologic disease ,Death ,Lýðheilsa ,Female ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Quality of life ,Adult ,Population ,Clinical Neurology ,Sex Factors ,medicine ,Life Science ,Disability-adjusted life year ,Medicine [Science] ,Mortality ,Psychiatry ,Disease burden ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,burden of neurological disorders ,Faraldsfræði ,business.industry ,Klinisk medicin ,Causes de la mort ,1103 Clinical Sciences ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Karlar ,global disease burden ,Nervous System Diseases ,Cause of death/trends ,business - Abstract
Publisher´s version (útgefin grein)., Background Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders.Methods We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach.Findings Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6–46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7–20·8]), Alzheimer’s and other dementias (10·4% [9·0–12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6–10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05–1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5–90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8–35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8–17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable).Interpretation Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies., ROA is funded by the National Institutes of Health (U01HG010273). SMA acknowledges the International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia and Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University for the approval and support to participate in this research project. AAw acknowledges funding support from Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, through INSPIRE Faculty scheme. TBA acknowledges partial funding from the Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies. ABa is supported by the Public Health Agency of Canada. TWB was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor Award, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. MSBS acknowledges support from the Australian Government Research and Training Program scholarship for a PhD degree at the Australian National University, Australia. JJC is supported by the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation. FCar is supported by the European Union (FEDER funds POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007728 and POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007265) and National Funds (FCT/MEC, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia and Ministerio da Educacao e Ciencia) under the Partnership Agreements PT2020 UID/MULTI/04378/2013 and PT2020UID/QUI/50006/2013. EC is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT3 140100085). KD is supported by a Wellcome Trust [Grant Number 201900] as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. EF is supported by the European Union (FEDER funds POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007728 and POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007265) and National Funds (FCT/MEC, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia and Ministerio da Educacao e Ciencia) under the Partnership Agreements PT2020 UID/MULTI/04378/2013 and PT2020UID/QUI/50006/2013. SMSI is funded by the Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University and received funding from High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia. YKa is a DBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance Fellow in Public Health. YJK is supported by the Office of Research and Innovation at Xiamen University Malaysia. BL acknowledges funding from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. WDL is supported in part by U10NS086484 NINDS. SLo is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (nutriCARD, grant agreement number 01EA1411A). RML is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia Senior Research Fellowship. AMa and the Imperial College London are grateful for support from the NW London NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care. JJM is supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professorship), and the John Cade Fellowship (APP1056929) from NHMRC. TMei acknowledges additional institutional support from the Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Jena-Halle-Leipzig. IMV is supported by the Sistema Nacional de Investigacion (Panama). MOO is supported by SIREN U54 U54HG007479 and SIBS Genomics R01NS107900 grants. AMS was supported by a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. MMSM acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (contract no 175087). AShe is supported by Health Data Research UK. MBS' work on traumatic brain injury is supported by grants NIH U01 NS086090 (PI G Manley) from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and DoD W81XWH-14-2-0176 (PI G Manley) from the United States Department of Defense. RTS is supported in part by grant number PROMETEOII/2015/021 from Generalitat Valenciana and the national grant PI17/00719 from ISCIIIFEDER. AGT was supported by a Fellowship from the NHMRC (Australia; 1042600. KBT acknowledges funding supports from the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, Cancer Society of New Zealand, Health Research Council, Gut Cancer Foundation, and the University of Auckland. CY acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81773552) and the Chinese NSFC International Cooperation and Exchange Program (grant number 71661167007)., "Peer Reviewed"
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- 2019
9. Poster session 3: Thursday 4 December 2014, 14: 00–18: 00Location: Poster area
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Hristova, K, Cornelissen, G, Singh, RB, and Shiue, I
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10. Poster session 2: Thursday 4 December 2014, 08: 30–12: 30Location: Poster area
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Hristova, K, Shiue, I, and Bogdanva, V
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11. Poster session Thursday 12 December - PM: 12/12/2013, 14: 00–18: 00Location: Poster area
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Hristova, K, Bogdanova, V, Ferferieva, V, Shiue, I, and Castellon, X
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12. Urine phthalate concentrations are higher in people with stroke: United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 2001–2004
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Shiue, I.
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13. Associated social factors of prevalent asthma in adults and the very old in the UK
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Shiue, I.
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14. Blood pressure measurement and risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage: the across study: PO20166
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Shiue, I, Arima, H, and Anderson, C S
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15. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in China: results of a mortality survey in Baotou, inner Mongolia: PO10531
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Zhang, J F, Wang, M, Shiue, I, Cheng, G J, Arima, H, Liu, G R, Li, Y C, and Anderson, C S
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16. Incidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage in China: cherish study preliminary data: PO10513
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Shiue, I, Zhang, J F, Arima, H, Liu, G R, Li, Y C, Wang, M, Cheng, G J, Wan, L L, v, L L, and Anderson, C S
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17. Global, regional, and country-specific lifetime risks of stroke, 1990 and 2016
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Feigin V, Nguyen G, Cercy K, Johnson C, Alam T, Parmar P, Abajobir A, Abate K, Abd-Allah F, Abejie A, Abyu G, Ademi Z, Agarwal G, Ahmed M, Akinyemi R, Al-Raddadi R, Aminde L, Amlie-Lefond C, Ansari H, Asayesh H, Asgedom S, Atey T, Ayele H, Banach M, Banerjee A, Barac A, Barker-Collo S, Barnighausen T, Barregard L, Basu S, Bedi N, Behzadifar M, Bejot Y, Bennett D, Bensenor I, Berhe D, Boneya D, Brainin M, Campos-Nonato I, Caso V, Castaneda-Orjuela C, Rivas J, Catala-Lopez F, Christensen H, Criqui M, Damasceno A, Dandona L, Dandona R, Davletov K, de Courten B, deVeber G, Dokova K, Edessa D, Endres M, Faraon E, Farvid M, Fischer F, Foreman K, Forouzanfar M, Gall S, Gebrehiwot T, Geleijnse J, Gillum R, Giroud M, Goulart A, Gupta R, Hachinski V, Hamadeh R, Hankey G, Hareri H, Havmoeller R, Hay S, Hegazy M, Hibstu D, James S, Jeemon P, John D, Jonas J, Jozwiak J, Kalani R, Kandel A, Kasaeian A, Kengne A, Khader Y, Khan A, Khang Y, Khubchandani J, Kim D, Kim Y, Kivimaki M, Kokubo Y, Kolte D, Kopec J, Kosen S, Kravchenko M, Krishnamurthi R, Kumar G, Lafranconi A, Lavados P, Legesse Y, Li Y, Liang X, Lo W, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Loy C, Mackay M, Abd El Razek H, Mahdavi M, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta D, Mamun A, Mantovani L, Martins S, Mate K, Mazidi M, Mehata S, Meier T, Melaku Y, Mendoza W, Mensah G, Meretoja A, Mezgebe H, Miazgowski T, Miller T, Ibrahim N, Mohammed S, Mokdad A, Moosazadeh M, Moran A, Musa K, Negoi R, Nguyen M, Nguyen Q, Nguyen T, Tran T, Ningrum D, Norrving B, Noubiap J, O'Donnell M, Olagunju A, Onuma O, Owolabi M, Parsaeian M, Patton G, Piradov M, Pletcher M, Pourmalek F, Prakash V, Qorbani M, Rahman M, Rai R, Ranta A, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Renzaho A, Robinson S, Sahathevan R, Sahebkar A, Salomon J, Santalucia P, Santos I, Sartorius B, Schutte A, Sepanlou S, Shafieesabet A, Shaikh M, Shamsizadeh M, Sheth K, Sisay M, Shin M, Shiue I, Silva D, Sobngwi E, Soljak M, Sorensen R, Sposato L, Stranges S, Suliankatchi R, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Tanne D, Nguyen C, Thakur J, Thrift A, Tirschwell D, Topor-Madry R, Tran B, Nguyen L, Truelsen T, Tsilimparis N, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja K, Uthman O, Varakin Y, Vasankari T, Venketasubramanian N, Vlassov V, Wang W, Werdecker A, Wolfe C, Xu G, Yano Y, Yonemoto N, Yu C, Zaidi Z, Zaki M, Zhou M, Ziaeian B, Zipkin B, Vos T, Naghavi M, Murray C, Roth G, GBD 2016 Lifetime Risk Stroke, Roth, G, Feigin, V, Nguyen, G, Cercy, K, Johnson, C, Alam, T, Parmar, P, Abajobir, A, Abate, K, Abd-Allah, F, Abejie, A, Abyu, G, Ademi, Z, Agarwal, G, Ahmed, M, Akinyemi, R, Al-Raddadi, R, Aminde, L, Amlie-Lefond, C, Ansari, H, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, S, Atey, T, Ayele, H, Banach, M, Banerjee, A, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Barregard, L, Basu, S, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Béjot, Y, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berhe, D, Boneya, D, Brainin, M, Campos-Nonato, I, Caso, V, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Rivas, J, Catalá-López, F, Christensen, H, Criqui, M, Damasceno, A, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Davletov, K, de Courten, B, Deveber, G, Dokova, K, Edessa, D, Endres, M, Faraon, E, Farvid, M, Fischer, F, Foreman, K, Forouzanfar, M, Gall, S, Gebrehiwot, T, Geleijnse, J, Gillum, R, Giroud, M, Goulart, A, Gupta, R, Hachinski, V, Hamadeh, R, Hankey, G, Hareri, H, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, Hegazy, M, Hibstu, D, James, S, Jeemon, P, John, D, Jonas, J, Jóźwiak, J, Kalani, R, Kandel, A, Kasaeian, A, Kengne, A, Khader, Y, Khan, A, Khang, Y, Khubchandani, J, Kim, D, Kim, Y, Kivimaki, M, Kokubo, Y, Kolte, D, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Kravchenko, M, Krishnamurthi, R, Anil Kumar, G, Lafranconi, A, Lavados, P, Legesse, Y, Li, Y, Liang, X, Lo, W, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Loy, C, Mackay, M, Abd El Razek, H, Mahdavi, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Mantovani, L, Martins, S, Mate, K, Mazidi, M, Mehata, S, Meier, T, Melaku, Y, Mendoza, W, Mensah, G, Meretoja, A, Mezgebe, H, Miazgowski, T, Miller, T, Ibrahim, N, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Moosazadeh, M, Moran, A, Musa, K, Negoi, R, Nguyen, M, Nguyen, Q, Nguyen, T, Tran, T, Anggraini Ningrum, D, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, O'Donnell, M, Olagunju, A, Onuma, O, Owolabi, M, Parsaeian, M, Patton, G, Piradov, M, Pletcher, M, Pourmalek, F, Prakash, V, Qorbani, M, Rahman, M, Rai, R, Ranta, A, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Renzaho, A, Robinson, S, Sahathevan, R, Sahebkar, A, Salomon, J, Santalucia, P, Santos, I, Sartorius, B, Schutte, A, Sepanlou, S, Shafieesabet, A, Shaikh, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Sheth, K, Sisay, M, Shin, M, Shiue, I, Silva, D, Sobngwi, E, Soljak, M, Sorensen, R, Sposato, L, Stranges, S, Suliankatchi, R, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tanne, D, Tat Nguyen, C, Thakur, J, Thrift, A, Tirschwell, D, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, B, Nguyen, L, Truelsen, T, Tsilimparis, N, Tyrovolas, S, Ukwaja, K, Uthman, O, Varakin, Y, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Vlassov, V, Wang, W, Werdecker, A, Wolfe, C, Xu, G, Yano, Y, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, El Sayed Zaki, M, Zhou, M, Ziaeian, B, Zipkin, B, Vos, T, Naghavi, M, Murray, C, Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Neurologian yksikkö, 10922180 - Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Feigin, Valery L, Nguyen, Grant, Cercy, Kelly, Johnson, Catherine O, Ahmed, Muktar B, Roth, Gregory A, and GBD 2016 Lifetime Risk of Stroke Collaborators
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Male ,Percentile ,Nutrition and Disease ,Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Global Health ,Socioeconomic Factor ,Global Burden of Disease ,0302 clinical medicine ,prevention ,Voeding en Ziekte ,Cause of Death ,Global health ,Stroke ,POPULATION ,Cause of death ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Medicine (all) ,11 Medical And Health Sciences ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,lifetime risk ,stroke ,3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,3. Good health ,GBD 2016 Lifetime Risk of Stroke Collaborators ,Female ,BURDEN ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Research Article ,Human ,Adult ,Risk ,Population ,Global Burden of Disease (GBD) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medicine, General & Internal ,Age Distribution ,General & Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Life Science ,Point estimation ,cardiovascular diseases ,Sex Distribution ,education ,VLAG ,Aged ,Science & Technology ,HYPERTENSION ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Socioeconomic Factors ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,RC ,Demography - Abstract
Background: The lifetime risk of stroke has been calculated in a limited number of selected populations. We sought to estimate the lifetime risk of stroke at the regional, country, and global level using data from a comprehensive study of the prevalence of major diseases.Methods: We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2016 estimates of stroke incidence and the competing risks of death from any cause other than stroke to calculate the cumulative lifetime risks of first stroke, ischemic stroke, or hemorrhagic stroke among adults 25 years of age or older. Estimates of the lifetime risks in the years 1990 and 2016 were compared. Countries were categorized into quintiles of the sociodemographic index (SDI) used in the GBD Study, and the risks were compared across quintiles. Comparisons were made with the use of point estimates and uncertainty intervals representing the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles around the estimate.Results: The estimated global lifetime risk of stroke from the age of 25 years onward was 24.9% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.5 to 26.2); the risk among men was 24.7% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.3 to 26.0), and the risk among women was 25.1% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.7 to 26.5). The risk of ischemic stroke was 18.3%, and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke was 8.2%. In high-SDI, high-middle–SDI, and low-SDI countries, the estimated lifetime risk of stroke was 23.5%, 31.1% (highest risk), and 13.2% (lowest risk), respectively; the 95% uncertainty intervals did not overlap between these categories. The highest estimated lifetime risks of stroke according to GBD region were in East Asia (38.8%), Central Europe (31.7%), and Eastern Europe (31.6%), and the lowest risk was in eastern sub-Saharan Africa (11.8%). The mean global lifetime risk of stroke increased from 22.8% in 1990 to 24.9% in 2016, a relative increase of 8.9% (95% uncertainty interval, 6.2 to 11.5); the competing risk of death from any cause other than stroke was considered in this calculation.Conclusions: In 2016, the global lifetime risk of stroke from the age of 25 years onward was approximately 25% among both men and women. There was geographic variation in the lifetime risk of stroke, with the highest risks in East Asia, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.)
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- 2018
18. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Kyu, Hh, Abate, D, Abate, Kh, Abay, Sm, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, Rs, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Abil, Oz, Aboyans, V, Abrham, Ar, Abu-Raddad, Lj, Abu-Rmeileh, Nme, Accrombessi, Mmk, Acharya, D, Acharya, P, Ackerman, In, Adamu, Aa, Adebayo, Om, Adekanmbi, V, Ademi, Z, Adetokunboh, Oo, Adib, Mg, Adsuar, Jc, Afanvi, Ka, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agesa, Km, Aggarwal, R, Aghayan, Sa, Agrawal, A, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, Mb, Ahmed, S, Aichour, An, Aichour, I, Aichour, Mte, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Mekhlafi, Hm, Al-Raddadi, Rm, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alashi, A, Alavian, Sm, Alene, Ka, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, Sm, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alonso, J, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Aminde, Ln, Amini, E, Amiresmaili, M, Ammar, W, Amoako, Ya, Anber, Nh, Andrei, Cl, Androudi, S, Animut, Md, Anjomshoa, M, Ansha, Mg, Antonio, Cat, Anwari, P, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Arora, A, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, Kk, Asayesh, H, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, Efga, Awasthi, A, Ayala, Quintanilla, Ayer, R, Azzopardi, Ps, Babazadeh, A, Badali, H, Balakrishnan, K, Bali, Ag, Banach, M, Banoub, Jam, Barac, A, Barboza, Ma, Barker-Collo, Sl, Bärnighausen, Tw, Barquera, S, Barrero, Lh, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, Bb, Bekru, Et, Belachew, Ab, Belay, Ya, Bell, Ml, Bello, Ak, Bennett, Da, Bensenor, Im, Berhane, A, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, Rs, Beuran, M, Beyranvand, T, Bhala, N, Bhatt, S, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, Za, Biadgo, B, Biehl, Mh, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Bilano, V, Bililign, N, Bin, Sayeed, Bisanzio, D, Bjørge, T, Bleyer, A, Bobasa, Em, Bou-Orm, Ir, Boufous, S, Bourne, R, Brady, Oj, Brant, Lc, Brayne, C, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, Njk, Brenner, H, Briant, Ps, Briko, An, Britton, G, Brugha, T, Buchbinder, R, Busse, R, Butt, Za, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Campuzano, 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Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Belay, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Theis, Andrew, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Thomas, Nihal, Tilahun, Binyam, To, Quyen G, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna E, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Towbin, Jeffrey A, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Troeger, Christopher E, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tsoi, Derrick, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tyrovolas, Stefano, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Ullah, Irfan, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Updike, Rachel L, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Valdez, Pascual R, Varavikova, Elena, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Villafaina, Santo, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vosoughi, Kia, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, West, T Eoin, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Wijeratne, Tissa, Williams, Hywel C, Wilner, Lauren B, Wilson, Shadrach, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiyeh, Alison B, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Woolf, Anthony D, Wyper, Grant M A, Xavier, Deni, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamada, Tomohide, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadnik, Vesna, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zandian, Hamed, Zar, Heather J, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zhou, Maigeng, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zucker, Inbar, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, and Murray, Christopher J L
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Male ,Health Status ,health statu ,HALE ,mortality rate ,communicable disease ,DALYs ,Global Burden of Disease ,Risk Factors ,Prevalence ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Singapore ,OUTCOMES ,disability-adjusted life year ,international cooperation ,Medicine (all) ,11 Medical And Health Sciences ,Central African Republic ,newborn disease ,IRON-DEFICIENCY ,AIDS ,priority journal ,Bahrain ,disease severity ,Female ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,cerebrovascular accident ,Ukraine ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,INTERVENTIONS ,Slovakia ,DISORDERS ,Burundi ,WEIGHTS ,GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators ,Communicable Diseases ,Article ,STYLE ,Medicine, General & Internal ,Life Expectancy ,General & Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Disabled Persons ,human ,Healthy Lifestyle ,HALE, DALYs, global burden of disease ,Mortality ,Aged ,Science & Technology ,Mortality, Premature ,HIV ,ischemic heart disease ,major clinical study ,PREVENTION ,non communicable disease ,GBD, disability-adjusted life-years ,age ,sex factor ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Algeria ,Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ,lower respiratory tract infection ,Wounds and Injuries ,GENDER ,Human medicine ,trend study ,chronic obstructive lung disease - Abstract
Background How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severity of ill health, for 359 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years. Methods We used data for age-specific mortality rates, years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to calculate HALE and DALYs from 1990 to 2017. We calculated HALE using age-specific mortality rates and YLDs per capita for each location, age, sex, and year. We calculated DALYs for 359 causes as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We assessed how observed HALE and DALYs differed by country and sex from expected trends based on Sociodemographic Index (SDI). We also analysed HALE by decomposing years of life gained into years spent in good health and in poor health, between 1990 and 2017, and extra years lived by females compared with males. Findings Globally, from 1990 to 2017, life expectancy at birth increased by 7.4 years (95% uncertainty interval 74-7.8), from 65.6 years (65.3-65- 8) in 1990 to 73.0 years (72.7-73.3) in 2017. The increase in years of life varied from 5.1 years (5.0-5.3) in high SDI countries to 12.0 years (11.3-12.8) in low SDI countries. Of the additional years of life expected at birth, 26.3% (20.1-33.1) were expected to be spent in poor health in high SDI countries compared with 11.7% (8.8-15.1) in low-middle SDI countries. HALE at birth increased by 6.3 years (5.9-6.7), from 57.0 years (54.6-59.1) in 1990 to 63.3 years (60.5-65.7) in 2017. The increase varied from 3.8 years (3.4-4.1) in high SDI countries to 10.5 years (9.8-11.2) in low SDI countries. Even larger variations in HALE than these were observed between countries, ranging from 1.0 year (0.4-1.7) in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (62.4 years [59.9-64.7] in 1990 to 63.5 years [60.9-65.8] in 2017) to 23.7 years (21.9-25.6) in Eritrea (30.7 years [28.9-32.2] in 1990 to 54.4 years [51.5-57.1] in 2017). In most countries, the increase in HALE was smaller than the increase in overall life expectancy, indicating more years lived in poor health. In 180 of 195 countries and territories, females were expected to live longer than males in 2017, with extra years lived varying from 1.4 years (0.6-2.3) in Algeria to 11.9 years (10.9-12.9) in Ukraine. Of the extra years gained, the proportion spent in poor health varied largely across countries, with less than 20% of additional years spent in poor health in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, and Slovakia, whereas in Bahrain all the extra years were spent in poor health. In 2017, the highest estimate of HALE at birth was in Singapore for both females (75.8 years [72.4-78.7]) and males (72.6 years [69 " 8-75.0]) and the lowest estimates were in Central African Republic (47.0 years [43.7-50.2] for females and 42.8 years [40.1-45.6] for males). Globally, in 2017, the five leading causes of DALYs were neonatal disorders, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, lower respiratory infections, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 41.3% (38.8-43.5) for communicable diseases and by 49"8% (47.9-51.6) for neonatal disorders. For non-communicable diseases, global DALYs increased by 40.1% (36.8-43.0), although age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 18.1% (16.0-20.2). Interpretation With increasing life expectancy in most countries, the question of whether the additional years of life gained are spent in good health or poor health has been increasingly relevant because of the potential policy implications, such as health-care provisions and extending retirement ages. In some locations, a large proportion of those additional years are spent in poor health. Large inequalities in HALE and disease burden exist across countries in different SDI quintiles and between sexes. The burden of disabling conditions has serious implications for health system planning and health-related expenditures. Despite the progress made in reducing the burden of communicable diseases and neonatal disorders in low S DI countries, the speed of this progress could be increased by scaling up proven interventions. The global trends among non-communicable diseases indicate that more effort is needed to maximise HALE, such as risk prevention and attention to upstream determinants of health. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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19. Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2018) 392(10159) (1923–1994), (S0140673618322256), (10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6))
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Mohebi, F. Mokdad, A.H. Molokhia, M. Momeniha, F. Monasta, L. Moodley, Y. Moradi, G. Moradi-Lakeh, M. Moradinazar, M. Moraga, P. Morawska, L. Morgado-Da-Costa, J. Morrison, S.D. Moschos, M.M. Mouodi, S. Mousavi, S.M. Mozaffarian, D. Mruts, K.B. Muche, A.A. Muchie, K.F. Mueller, U.O. Muhammed, O.S. Mukhopadhyay, S. Muller, K. Musa, K.I. Mustafa, G. Nabhan, A.F. Naghavi, M. Naheed, A. Nahvijou, A. Naik, G. Naik, N. Najafi, F. Nangia, V. Nansseu, J.R. Nascimento, B.R. Neal, B. Neamati, N. Negoi, I. Negoi, R.I. Neupane, S. Newton, C.R.J. Ngunjiri, J.W. Nguyen, A.Q. Nguyen, G. Nguyen, H.T. Nguyen, H.L.T. Nguyen, H.T. Nguyen, M. Nguyen, N.B. Nichols, E. Nie, J. Ningrum, D.N.A. Nirayo, Y.L. Nishi, N. Nixon, M.R. Nojomi, M. Nomura, S. Norheim, O.F. Noroozi, M. Norrving, B. Noubiap, J.J. Nouri, H.R. Nourollahpour Shiadeh, M. Nowroozi, M.R. Nsoesie, E.O. Nyasulu, P.S. Obermeyer, C.M. Odell, C.M. Ofori-Asenso, R. Ogbo, F.A. Oh, I.-H. Oladimeji, O. Olagunju, A.T. Olagunju, T.O. Olivares, P.R. Olsen, H.E. Olusanya, B.O. Olusanya, J.O. Ong, K.L. Ong, S.K. Oren, E. Orpana, H.M. Ortiz, A. Ota, E. Otstavnov, S.S. Øverland, S. Owolabi, M.O. Mahesh, P.A. Pacella, R. Pakhare, A.P. Pakpour, A.H. Pana, A. Panda-Jonas, S. Park, E.-K. Parry, C.D.H. Parsian, H. Patel, S. Pati, S. Patil, S.T. Patle, A. Patton, G.C. Paudel, D. Paulson, K.R. Paz Ballesteros, W.C. Pearce, N. Pereira, A. Pereira, D.M. Perico, N. Pesudovs, K. Petzold, M. Pham, H.Q. Phillips, M.R. Pillay, J.D. Piradov, M.A. Pirsaheb, M. Pischon, T. Pishgar, F. Plana-Ripoll, O. Plass, D. Polinder, S. Polkinghorne, K.R. Postma, M.J. Poulton, R. Pourshams, A. Poustchi, H. Prabhakaran, D. Prakash, S. Prasad, N. Purcell, C.A. Purwar, M.B. Qorbani, M. Radfar, A. Rafay, A. Rafiei, A. Rahim, F. Rahimi, Z. Rahimi-Movaghar, A. Rahimi-Movaghar, V. Rahman, M. Rahman, M.H.U. Rahman, M.A. Rai, R.K. Rajati, F. Rajsic, S. Raju, S.B. Ram, U. Ranabhat, C.L. Ranjan, P. Rath, G.K. Rawaf, D.L. Rawaf, S. Reddy, K.S. Rehm, C.D. Rehm, J. Reiner, R.C. Reitsma, M.B. Remuzzi, G. Renzaho, A.M.N. Resnikoff, S. Reynales-Shigematsu, L.M. Rezaei, S. Ribeiro, A.L.P. Rivera, J.A. Roba, K.T. Rodríguez-Ramírez, S. Roever, L. Román, Y. Ronfani, L. Roshandel, G. Rostami, A. Roth, G.A. Rothenbacher, D. Roy, A. Rubagotti, E. Rushton, L. Sabanayagam, C. Sachdev, P.S. Saddik, B. Sadeghi, E. Saeedi Moghaddam, S. Safari, H. Safari, Y. Safari-Faramani, R. Safdarian, M. Safi, S. Safiri, S. Sagar, R. Sahebkar, A. Sahraian, M.A. Sajadi, H.S. Salam, N. Salamati, P. Saleem, Z. Salimi, Y. Salimzadeh, H. Salomon, J.A. Salvi, D.D. Salz, I. Samy, A.M. Sanabria, J. Sanchez-Niño, M.D. Sánchez-Pimienta, T.G. Sanders, T. Sang, Y. Santomauro, D.F. Santos, I.S. Santos, J.V. Santric Milicevic, M.M. Sao Jose, B.P. Sardana, M. Sarker, A.R. Sarmiento-Suárez, R. Sarrafzadegan, N. Sartorius, B. Sarvi, S. Sathian, B. Satpathy, M. Sawant, A.R. Sawhney, M. Saylan, M. Sayyah, M. Schaeffner, E. Schmidt, M.I. Schneider, I.J.C. Schöttker, B. Schutte, A.E. Schwebel, D.C. Schwendicke, F. Scott, J.G. Seedat, S. Sekerija, M. Sepanlou, S.G. Serre, M.L. Serván-Mori, E. Seyedmousavi, S. Shabaninejad, H. Shaddick, G. Shafieesabet, A. Shahbazi, M. Shaheen, A.A. Shaikh, M.A. Shamah Levy, T. Shams-Beyranvand, M. Shamsi, M. Sharafi, H. Sharafi, K. Sharif, M. Sharif-Alhoseini, M. Sharifi, H. Sharma, J. Sharma, M. Sharma, R. She, J. Sheikh, A. Shi, P. Shibuya, K. Shiferaw, M.S. Shigematsu, M. Shin, M.-J. Shiri, R. Shirkoohi, R. Shiue, I. Shokraneh, F. Shoman, H. Shrime, M.G. Shupler, M.S. Si, S. Siabani, S. Sibai, A.M. Siddiqi, T.J. Sigfusdottir, I.D. Sigurvinsdottir, R. Silva, D.A.S. Silva, J.P. Silveira, D.G.A. Singh, J.A. Singh, N.P. Singh, V. Sinha, D.N. Skiadaresi, E. Skirbekk, V. Smith, D.L. Smith, M. Sobaih, B.H. Sobhani, S. Somayaji, R. Soofi, M. Sorensen, R.J.D. Soriano, J.B. Soyiri, I.N. Spinelli, A. Sposato, L.A. Sreeramareddy, C.T. Srinivasan, V. Starodubov, V.I. Steckling, N. Stein, D.J. Stein, M.B. Stevanovic, G. Stockfelt, L. Stokes, M.A. Sturua, L. Subart, M.L. Sudaryanto, A. Sufiyan, M.B. Sulo, G. Sunguya, B.F. Sur, P.J. Sykes, B.L. Szoeke, C.E.I. Tabarés-Seisdedos, R. Tabuchi, T. Tadakamadla, S.K. Takahashi, K. Tandon, N. Tassew, S.G. Tavakkoli, M. Taveira, N. Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. Tekalign, T.G. Tekelemedhin, S.W. Tekle, M.G. Temesgen, H. Temsah, M.-H. Temsah, O. Terkawi, A.S. Tessema, B. Teweldemedhin, M. Thankappan, K.R. Theis, A. Thirunavukkarasu, S. Thomas, H.J. Thomas, M.L. Thomas, N. Thurston, G.D. Tilahun, B. Tillmann, T. To, Q.G. Tobollik, M. Tonelli, M. Topor-Madry, R. Torre, A.E. Tortajada-Girbés, M. Touvier, M. Tovani-Palone, M.R. Towbin, J.A. Tran, B.X. Tran, K.B. Truelsen, T.C. Truong, N.T. Tsadik, A.G. Tudor Car, L. Tuzcu, E.M. Tymeson, H.D. Tyrovolas, S. Ukwaja, K.N. Ullah, I. Updike, R.L. Usman, M.S. Uthman, O.A. Vaduganathan, M. Vaezi, A. Valdez, P.R. Van Donkelaar, A. Varavikova, E. Varughese, S. Vasankari, T.J. Venkateswaran, V. Venketasubramanian, N. Villafaina, S. Violante, F.S. Vladimirov, S.K. Vlassov, V. Vollset, S.E. Vos, T. Vosoughi, K. Vu, G.T. Vujcic, I.S. Wagnew, F.S. Waheed, Y. Waller, S.G. Walson, J.L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.-P. Weiderpass, E. Weintraub, R.H. Weldegebreal, F. Werdecker, A. Werkneh, A.A. West, J.J. Westerman, R. Whiteford, H.A. Widecka, J. Wijeratne, T. Winkler, A.S. Wiyeh, A.B. Wiysonge, C.S. Wolfe, C.D.A. Wong, T.Y. Wu, S. Xavier, D. Xu, G. Yadgir, S. Yadollahpour, A. Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S.H. Yamada, T. Yan, L.L. Yano, Y. Yaseri, M. Yasin, Y.J. Yeshaneh, A. Yimer, E.M. Yip, P. Yisma, E. Yonemoto, N. Yoon, S.-J. Yotebieng, M. Younis, M.Z. Yousefifard, M. Yu, C. Zaidi, Z. Zaman, S.B. Zamani, M. Zavala-Arciniega, L. Zhang, A.L. Zhang, H. Zhang, K. Zhou, M. Zimsen, S.R.M. Zodpey, S. Murray, C.J.L. GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators
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Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk–outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk–outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk–outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017. Findings In 2017, 34·1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 33·3–35·0) deaths and 1·21 billion (1·14–1·28) DALYs were attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61·0% (59·6–62·4) of deaths and 48·3% (46·3–50·2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 risk factors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10·4 million (9·39–11·5) deaths and 218 million (198–237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7·10 million [6·83–7·37] deaths and 182 million [173–193] DALYs), high fasting plasma glucose (6·53 million [5·23–8·23] deaths and 171 million [144–201] DALYs), high body-mass index (BMI; 4·72 million [2·99–6·70] deaths and 148 million [98·6–202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1·43 million [1·36–1·51] deaths and 139 million [131–147] DALYs). In total, risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4·9% (3·3–6·5) between 2007 and 2017. In the absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth and ageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a 23·5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in the absence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographic changes would have led to an 18·6% increase in DALYs during that period. The ratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expected based on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water and household air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests that development is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying risk structure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratios for smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to these risks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor for age-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in the high-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was high BMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex in sub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africa and the Middle East were notably low. Interpretation By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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20. Burden of injury along the development spectrum: Associations between the Socio-demographic Index and disability-adjusted life year estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Haagsma, J.A. James, S.L. Castle, C.D. Dingels, Z.V. Fox, J.T. Hamilton, E.B. Liu, Z. Lucchesi, L.R. Roberts, N.L.S. Sylte, D.O. Adebayo, O.M. Ahmadi, A. Ahmed, M.B. Aichour, M.T.E. Alahdab, F. Alghnam, S.A. Aljunid, S.M. Al-Raddadi, R.M. Alsharif, U. Altirkawi, K. Anjomshoa, M. Antonio, C.A.T. Appiah, S.C.Y. Aremu, O. Arora, A. Asayesh, H. Assadi, R. Awasthi, A. Ayala Quintanilla, B.P. Balalla, S. Banstola, A. Barker-Collo, S.L. Bärnighausen, T.W. Bazargan-Hejazi, S. Bedi, N. Behzadifar, M. Behzadifar, M. Benjet, C. Bennett, D.A. Bensenor, I.M. Bhaumik, S. Bhutta, Z.A. Bijani, A. Borges, G. Borschmann, R. Bose, D. Boufous, S. Brazinova, A. Campuzano Rincon, J.C. Cárdenas, R. Carrero, J.J. Carvalho, F. Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A. Catalá-López, F. Choi, J.-Y.J. Christopher, D.J. Crowe, C.S. Dalal, K. Daryani, A. Davitoiu, D.V. Degenhardt, L. De Leo, D. De Neve, J.-W. Deribe, K. Dessie, G.A. Deveber, G.A. Dharmaratne, S.D. Doan, L.P. Dolan, K.A. Driscoll, T.R. Dubey, M. El-Khatib, Z. Ellingsen, C.L. El Sayed Zaki, M. Endries, A.Y. Eskandarieh, S. Faro, A. Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. Fernandes, E. Filip, I. Fischer, F. Franklin, R.C. Fukumoto, T. Gezae, K.E. Gill, T.K. Goulart, A.C. Grada, A. Guo, Y. Gupta, R. Haghparast Bidgoli, H. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Hamadeh, R.R. Hamidi, S. Haro, J.M. Hassankhani, H. Hassen, H.Y. Havmoeller, R. Hendrie, D. Henok, A. Híjar, M. Hole, M.K. Homaie Rad, E. Hossain, N. Hostiuc, S. Hu, G. Igumbor, E.U. Ilesanmi, O.S. Irvani, S.S.N. Islam, S.M.S. Ivers, R.Q. Jacobsen, K.H. Jahanmehr, N. Jakovljevic, M. Jayatilleke, A.U. Jha, R.P. Jonas, J.B. Jorjoran Shushtari, Z. Jozwiak, J.J. Jürisson, M. Kabir, A. Kalani, R. Kasaeian, A. Kelbore, A.G. Kengne, A.P. Khader, Y.S. Khafaie, M.A. Khalid, N. Khan, E.A. Khoja, A.T. Kiadaliri, A.A. Kim, Y.-E. Kim, D. Kisa, A. Koyanagi, A. Kuate Defo, B. Kucuk Bicer, B. Kumar, M. Lalloo, R. Lam, H. Lami, F.H. Lansingh, V.C. Leasher, J.L. Li, S. Linn, S. Lunevicius, R. MacHado, F.R. Magdy Abd El Razek, H. Magdy Abd El Razek, M. Mahotra, N.B. Majdan, M. Majeed, A. Malekzadeh, R. Malik, M.A. Malta, D.C. Manda, A.-L. Mansournia, M.A. Massenburg, B.B. Maulik, P.K. Meheretu, H.A.A. Mehndiratta, M.M. Melese, A. Mendoza, W. Mengesha, M.M. Meretoja, T.J. Meretoja, A. Mestrovic, T. Miazgowski, T. Miller, T.R. Mini, G.K. Mirrakhimov, E.M. Moazen, B. Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N. Mohammadibakhsh, R. Mohammed, S. Molokhia, M. Monasta, L. Mondello, S. Montero-Zamora, P.A. Moodley, Y. Moosazadeh, M. Moradi, G. Moradi-Lakeh, M. Morawska, L. Velásquez, I.M. Morrison, S.D. Moschos, M.M. Mousavi, S.M. Murthy, S. Musa, K.I. Naik, G. Najafi, F. Nangia, V. Nascimento, B.R. Ndwandwe, D.E. Negoi, I. Nguyen, T.H. Nguyen, S.H. Nguyen, L.H. Nguyen, H.L.T. Ningrum, D.N.A. Nirayo, Y.L. Ofori-Asenso, R. Ogbo, F.A. Oh, I.-H. Oladimeji, O. Olagunju, A.T. Olagunju, T.O. Olivares, P.R. Orpana, H.M. Otstavnov, S.S. Mahesh, P.A. Pakhale, S. Park, E.-K. Patton, G.C. Pesudovs, K. Phillips, M.R. Polinder, S. Prakash, S. Radfar, A. Rafay, A. Rafiei, A. Rahimi, S. Rahimi-Movaghar, V. Rahman, M.A. Rai, R.K. Ramezanzadeh, K. Rawaf, S. Rawaf, D.L. Renzaho, A.M.N. Resnikoff, S. Rezaeian, S. Roever, L. Ronfani, L. Roshandel, G. Sabde, Y.D. Saddik, B. Salamati, P. Salimi, Y. Salz, I. Samy, A.M. Sanabria, J. Sanchez Riera, L. Santric Milicevic, M.M. Satpathy, M. Sawhney, M. Sawyer, S.M. Saxena, S. Saylan, M. Schneider, I.J.C. Schwebel, D.C. Seedat, S. Sepanlou, S.G. Shaikh, M.A. Shams-Beyranvand, M. Shamsizadeh, M. Sharif-Alhoseini, M. Sheikh, A. Shen, J. Shigematsu, M. Shiri, R. Shiue, I. Silva, J.P. Singh, J.A. Sinha, D.N. Soares Filho, A.M. Soriano, J.B. Soshnikov, S. Soyiri, I.N. Starodubov, V.I. Stein, D.J. Stokes, M.A. Sufiyan, M.B. Sunshine, J.E. Sykes, B.L. Tabarés-Seisdedos, R. Tabb, K.M. Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. Tessema, G.A. Thakur, J.S. Tran, K.B. Tran, B.X. Tudor Car, L. Uthman, O.A. Uzochukwu, B.S.C. Valdez, P.R. Varavikova, E. Vasconcelos, A.M.N. Venketasubramanian, N. Violante, F.S. Vlassov, V. Waheed, Y. Wang, Y.-P. Wijeratne, T. Winkler, A.S. Yadav, P. Yano, Y. Yenesew, M.A. Yip, P. Yisma, E. Yonemoto, N. Younis, M.Z. Yu, C. Zafar, S. Zaidi, Z. Zaman, S.B. Zamani, M. Zhao, Y. Zodpey, S. Hay, S.I. Lopez, A.D. Mokdad, A.H. Vos, T.
- Abstract
Background: The epidemiological transition of non-communicable diseases replacing infectious diseases as the main contributors to disease burden has been well documented in global health literature. Less focus, however, has been given to the relationship between sociodemographic changes and injury. The aim of this study was to examine the association between disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from injury for 195 countries and territories at different levels along the development spectrum between 1990 and 2017 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates. Methods: Injury mortality was estimated using the GBD mortality database, corrections for garbage coding and CODEm-the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on surveys and inpatient and outpatient data sets for 30 cause-of-injury with 47 nature-of-injury categories each. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) is a composite indicator that includes lagged income per capita, average educational attainment over age 15 years and total fertility rate. Results: For many causes of injury, age-standardised DALY rates declined with increasing SDI, although road injury, interpersonal violence and self-harm did not follow this pattern. Particularly for self-harm opposing patterns were observed in regions with similar SDI levels. For road injuries, this effect was less pronounced. Conclusions: The overall global pattern is that of declining injury burden with increasing SDI. However, not all injuries follow this pattern, which suggests multiple underlying mechanisms influencing injury DALYs. There is a need for a detailed understanding of these patterns to help to inform national and global efforts to address injury-related health outcomes across the development spectrum. © 2020 Author(s).
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21. Global, regional, and national burden of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
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James, S.L. Bannick, M.S. Montjoy-Venning, W.C. Lucchesi, L.R. Dandona, L. Dandona, R. Hawley, C. Hay, S.I. Jakovljevic, M. Khalil, I. Krohn, K.J. Mokdad, A.H. Naghavi, M. Nichols, E. Reiner, R.C. Smith, M. Feigin, V.L. Vos, T. Murray, C.J.L. Sunshine, J.E. Yost, M.G. Ellenbogen, R.G. Kalani, R. Morrison, S.D. Crowe, C.S. Massenburg, B.B. Theadom, A. Te Ao, B.J. Balalla, S. Jones, K.M. Ofori-Asenso, R. Li, S. Sobhani, S. Hosseini, S.M. Mansournia, M.A. Yaseri, M. Anjomshoa, M. Mousavi, S.M. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Malekzadeh, R. Poustchi, H. Roshandel, G. Sepanlou, S.G. Afarideh, M. Esteghamati, A. Esteghamati, S. Ganji, M. Kasaeian, A. Rahimi-Movaghar, A. Eskandarieh, S. Sahraian, M.A. Shams-Beyranvand, M. Abbasi, N. Farzadfar, F. Irvani, S.N. Rahimi-Movaghar, V. Salamati, P. Sharif-Alhoseini, M. Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. Mate, K.K.V. Abdulkader, R. Abraha, H.N. Kassa, T.D. Nirayo, Y.L. Weldegwergs, K.G. Gezae, K.E. Zenebe, Z.M. Degefa, M.G. Kahsay, A. Asgedom, S.W. Gebre, A.K. Yimer, E.M. Belachew, A.B. Meles, H. Adsuar, J.C. Zodpey, S. Agrawal, S. Awasthi, A. Kumar, G.A. Ahmadi, A. Najafi, F. Rajati, F. Khazaie, H. Farzaei, M.H. Moradi, M. Rezaei, S. Soofi, M. Siabani, S. Rezaeian, S. Ahmed, M.B. Gebrehiwot, T.T. Feyissa, G.T. Hussen, M.A. Aichour, A. Aichour, I. Aichour, M.T.E. Akinyemi, R.O. Owolabi, M.O. Akseer, N. Bhutta, Z.A. Badawi, A. Alahdab, F. Kassa, G.M. Alebel, A. Wagnew, F.W.S. Belay, Y.A. Leshargie, C.T. Alghnam, S.A. Ali, B.A. Alsharif, U. Temsah, M.-H. Altirkawi, K. Davitoiu, D.V. Hostiuc, S. Beuran, M. Negoi, I. Andrei, C.L. Ansari, H. Ansha, M.G. Antonio, C.A.T. Appiah, S.C.Y. Levi, M. Ariani, F. Biffino, M. Asefa, N.G. Atique, S. Rahman, M.A. Wijeratne, T. Ayala Quintanilla, B.P. Ayuk, T.B. Azzopardi, P.S. Rafiei, A. Badali, H. Mohammadi, M. Moosazadeh, M. Daryani, A. Banstola, A. Tran, K.B. Barker-Collo, S.L. Bärnighausen, T.W. Bedi, N. Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. Shabaninejad, H. Behzadifar, Ma. Kabir, A. Yousefifard, M. Moradi-Lakeh, M. Behzadifar, Me. Bekele, B. Hassen, H.Y. Henok, A. Biadgo, B. Bennett, D.A. Goulart, A.C. Bensenor, I.M. Lotufo, P.A. Wang, Y.P. Yisma, E. Berhane, A. Deribe, K. Yasin, Y.J. Demoz, G.T. Bhalla, A. Bhaumik, S. Bijani, A. Zamani, M. Bililign, N. Kumar, M. Birungi, C. Boufous, S. Brazinova, A. Brown, A.W. Car, M. Majeed, A. Rawaf, S. Rawaf, D.L. Shoman, H. Cárdenas, R. Carrero, J.J. El-Khatib, Z. Roy, N. Carvalho, F. Santos, J.V. Fernandes, E. Silva, J.P. Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A. Hoffman, H.J. Catalá-López, F. Chaiah, Y. Temsah, O. Champs, A.P. Chang, J.-C. Choi, J.-Y.J. Christopher, D.J. Cooper, C. Djalalinia, S. Do, H.P. Nguyen, T.H. Doku, D.T. Drake, T.M. Sheikh, A. Soyiri, I.N. Dubey, M. Santric Milicevic, M.M.M. Dubljanin, E. Faro, A. Filip, I. Radfar, A. Fischer, F. Fukumoto, T. Gankpe, F.G. Gopalkrishna, G. Haagsma, J.A. Polinder, S. Khoja, A.T. Pinilla-Monsalve, G.D. Hamadeh, R.R. Hamidi, S. Haro, J.M. Hassankhani, H. Havmoeller, R. Hegazy, M.I. Hendrie, D. Miller, T.R. Hibstu, D.T. Kassa, Z.Y. Hole, M.K. Homaie Rad, E. Hu, G. Ilesanmi, O.S. Jayaraman, S. Jha, R.P. Jonas, J.B. Moazen, B. Jorjoran Shushtari, Z. Jozwiak, J.J. Jürisson, M. Kahssay, M. Liben, M.L. Karch, A. Kengne, A.P. Khader, Y.S. Safari, H. Khafaie, M.A. Khalid, N. Khan, E.A. Khan, M.S. Usman, M.S. Siddiqi, T.J. Khang, Y.-H. Khubchandani, J. Kiadaliri, A.A. Kim, D. Kim, Y.-E. Yoon, S.-J. Kisa, A. Winkler, A.S. Koyanagi, A. Kuate Defo, B. Kucuk Bicer, B. Lalloo, R. Moradinazar, M. Lami, F.H. Lansingh, V.C. Laryea, D.O. Latifi, A. Safiri, S. Lunevicius, R. Mahotra, N.B. Majdan, M. Manda, A.-L. Mehndiratta, M.M. Mehta, V. Melese, A. Memiah, P.T.N. Mendoza, W. Mengistu, G. Shiferaw, M.S. Tekle, M.G. Meretoja, T.J. Meretoja, A. Szoeke, C.E.I. Mestrovich, T. Miazgowski, T. Mini, G.K. Mirica, A. Mirrakhimov, E.M. Molokhia, M. Monast, L. Ronfani, L. Mondello, S. Moradi, G. Moschos, M.M. Murthy, S. Musa, K.I. Mustafa, G. Naik, G. Schwebel, D.C. Nangia, V. Nascimento, B.R. Ningrum, D.N.A. Nyasulu, P.S. Renzaho, A.M.N. Ogbo, F.A. Oh, I.-H. Okoro, A. Olagunju, A.T. Olagunju, T.O. Olivares, P.R. Otstavnov, S.S. Dnb, M.P.A. Pakhale, S. Pandey, A.R. Pesudovs, K. Prakash, S. Qorbani, M. Rafay, A. Rahman, M. Stokes, M.A. Shariful Islam, S.M. Rai, R.K. Ram, U. Reis, C. Resnikoff, S. Roever, L. Sunguy, B.F. Ruhago, G.M. Saddik, B. Saldanha, R.D.F. Samy, A.M. Sanabria, J. Sartorius, B. Satpathy, M. Schneider, I.J.C. Shaikh, M.A.A. Sharif, M. She, J. Shen, J. Sheth, K.N. Shibuya, K. Shigematsu, M. Shiri, R. Shiue, I. Silveira, D.A. Soares Filho, A.M. Sinha, D.N. Soriano, J.B. Stein, D.J. Sufiyan, M.B. Sykes, B.L. Tabarés-Seisdedos, R. Tortajada-Girbés, M. Topor-Madry, R. Tran, B.X. Tudor Car, L. Ukwaja, K.N. Ullah, I. Uthman, O.A. Valdez, P.R. Vasankari, T.J. Venketasubramanian, N. Violante, F.S. Waheed, Y. Werdecker, A. Wyper, G.M.A. Yano, Y. Ye, P. Yip, P. Yonemoto, N. Younis, M.Z. Yu, C. Zaidi, Z. Zaman, S.B. GBD 2016 Traumatic Brain Injury Spinal Cord Injury Collaborators
- Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are increasingly recognised as global health priorities in view of the preventability of most injuries and the complex and expensive medical care they necessitate. We aimed to measure the incidence, prevalence, and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for TBI and SCI from all causes of injury in every country, to describe how these measures have changed between 1990 and 2016, and to estimate the proportion of TBI and SCI cases caused by different types of injury. Methods We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study 2016 to measure the global, regional, and national burden of TBI and SCI by age and sex. We measured the incidence and prevalence of all causes of injury requiring medical care in inpatient and outpatient records, literature studies, and survey data. By use of clinical record data, we estimated the proportion of each cause of injury that required medical care that would result in TBI or SCI being considered as the nature of injury. We used literature studies to establish standardised mortality ratios and applied differential equations to convert incidence to prevalence of long-term disability. Finally, we applied GBD disability weights to calculate YLDs. We used a Bayesian meta-regression tool for epidemiological modelling, used causespecific mortality rates for non-fatal estimation, and adjusted our results for disability experienced with comorbid conditions. We also analysed results on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index, a compound measure of income per capita, education, and fertility. Findings In 2016, there were 27.08 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 24.30-30.30 million) new cases of TBI and 0.93 million (0.78-1.16 million) new cases of SCI, with age-standardised incidence rates of 369 (331-412) per 100 000 population for TBI and 13 (11-16) per 100 000 for SCI. In 2016, the number of prevalent cases of TBI was 55.50 million (53.40-57.62 million) and of SCI was 27.04 million (24.98-30.15 million). From 1990 to 2016, the agestandardised prevalence of TBI increased by 8.4% (95% UI 7.7 to 9.2), whereas that of SCI did not change significantly (-0.2% [-2.1 to 2.7]). Age-standardised incidence rates increased by 3.6% (1.8 to 5.5) for TBI, but did not change significantly for SCI (-3.6% [-7.4 to 4.0]). TBI caused 8.1 million (95% UI 6.0-10.4 million) YLDs and SCI caused 9.5 million (6.7-12.4 million) YLDs in 2016, corresponding to age-standardised rates of 111 (82-141) per 100 000 for TBI and 130 (90-170) per 100 000 for SCI. Falls and road injuries were the leading causes of new cases of TBI and SCI in most regions. Interpretation TBI and SCI constitute a considerable portion of the global injury burden and are caused primarily by falls and road injuries. The increase in incidence of TBI over time might continue in view of increases in population density, population ageing, and increasing use of motor vehicles, motorcycles, and bicycles. The number of individuals living with SCI is expected to increase in view of population growth, which is concerning because of the specialised care that people with SCI can require. Our study was limited by data sparsity in some regions, and it will be important to invest greater resources in collection of data for TBI and SCI to improve the accuracy of future assessments. © 2018 The Author(s).
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- 2019
22. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
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Feigin, V.L. Nichols, E. Alam, T. Bannick, M.S. Beghi, E. Blake, N. Culpepper, W.J. Dorsey, E.R. Elbaz, A. Ellenbogen, R.G. Fisher, J.L. Fitzmaurice, C. Giussani, G. Glennie, L. James, S.L. Johnson, C.O. Kassebaum, N.J. Logroscino, G. Marin, B. Mountjoy-Venning, W.C. Nguyen, M. Ofori-Asenso, R. Patel, A.P. Piccininni, M. Roth, G.A. Steiner, T.J. Stovner, L.J. Szoeke, C.E.I. Theadom, A. Vollset, S.E. Wallin, M.T. Wright, C. Zunt, J.R. Abbasi, N. Abd-Allah, F. Abdelalim, A. Abdollahpour, I. Aboyans, V. Abraha, H.N. Acharya, D. Adamu, A.A. Adebayo, O.M. Adeoye, A.M. Adsuar, J.C. Afarideh, M. Agrawal, S. Ahmadi, A. Ahmed, M.B. Aichour, A.N. Aichour, I. Aichour, M.T.E. Akinyemi, R.O. Akseer, N. Al-Eyadhy, A. Al-Shahi Salman, R. Alahdab, F. Alene, K.A. Aljunid, S.M. Altirkawi, K. Alvis-Guzman, N. Anber, N.H. Antonio, C.A.T. Arabloo, J. Aremu, O. Ärnlöv, J. Asayesh, H. Asghar, R.J. Atalay, H.T. Awasthi, A. Ayala Quintanilla, B.P. Ayuk, T.B. Badawi, A. Banach, M. Banoub, J.A.M. Barboza, M.A. Barker-Collo, S.L. Bärnighausen, T.W. Baune, B.T. Bedi, N. Behzadifar, M. Behzadifar, M. Béjot, Y. Bekele, B.B. Belachew, A.B. Bennett, D.A. Bensenor, I.M. Berhane, A. Beuran, M. Bhattacharyya, K. Bhutta, Z.A. Biadgo, B. Bijani, A. Bililign, N. Bin Sayeed, M.S. Blazes, C.K. Brayne, C. Butt, Z.A. Campos-Nonato, I.R. Cantu-Brito, C. Car, M. Cárdenas, R. Carrero, J.J. Carvalho, F. Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A. Castro, F. Catalá-López, F. Cerin, E. Chaiah, Y. Chang, J.-C. Chatziralli, I. Chiang, P.P.-C. Christensen, H. Christopher, D.J. Cooper, C. Cortesi, P.A. Costa, V.M. Criqui, M.H. Crowe, C.S. Damasceno, A.A.M. Daryani, A. De la Cruz-Góngora, V. De La Hoz, F.P. De Leo, D. Degefa, M.G. Demoz, G.T. Deribe, K. Dharmaratne, S.D. Diaz, D. Dinberu, M.T. Djalalinia, S. Doku, D.T. Dubey, M. Dubljanin, E. Duken, E.E. Edvardsson, D. El-Khatib, Z. Endres, M. Endries, A.Y. Eskandarieh, S. Esteghamati, A. Esteghamati, S. Farhadi, F. Faro, A. Farzadfar, F. Farzaei, M.H. Fatima, B. Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. Fernandes, E. Feyissa, G.T. Filip, I. Fischer, F. Fukumoto, T. Ganji, M. Gankpe, F.G. Garcia-Gordillo, M.A. Gebre, A.K. Gebremichael, T.G. Gelaw, B.K. Geleijnse, J.M. Geremew, D. Gezae, K.E. Ghasemi-Kasman, M. Gidey, M.Y. Gill, P.S. Gill, T.K. Gnedovskaya, E.V. Goulart, A.C. Grada, A. Grosso, G. Guo, Y. Gupta, R. Gupta, R. Haagsma, J.A. Hagos, T.B. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Hamadeh, R.R. Hamidi, S. Hankey, G.J. Hao, Y. Haro, J.M. Hassankhani, H. Hassen, H.Y. Havmoeller, R. Hay, S.I. Hegazy, M.I. Heidari, B. Henok, A. Heydarpour, F. Hoang, C.L. Hole, M.K. Homaie Rad, E. Hosseini, S.M. Hu, G. Igumbor, E.U. Ilesanmi, O.S. Irvani, S.S.N. Islam, S.M.S. Jakovljevic, M. Javanbakht, M. Jha, R.P. Jobanputra, Y.B. Jonas, J.B. Józwiak, J.J. Jürisson, M. Kahsay, A. Kalani, R. Kalkonde, Y. Kamil, T.A. Kanchan, T. Karami, M. Karch, A. Karimi, N. Kasaeian, A. Kassa, T.D. Kassa, Z.Y. Kaul, A. Kefale, A.T. Keiyoro, P.N. Khader, Y.S. Khafaie, M.A. Khalil, I.A. Khan, E.A. Khang, Y.-H. Khazaie, H. Kiadaliri, A.A. Kiirithio, D.N. Kim, A.S. Kim, D. Kim, Y.-E. Kim, Y.J. Kisa, A. Kokubo, Y. Koyanagi, A. Krishnamurthi, R.V. Kuate Defo, B. Kucuk Bicer, B. Kumar, M. Lacey, B. Lafranconi, A. Lansingh, V.C. Latifi, A. Leshargie, C.T. Li, S. Liao, Y. Linn, S. Lo, W.D. Lopez, J.C.F. Lorkowski, S. Lotufo, P.A. Lucas, R.M. Lunevicius, R. Mackay, M.T. Mahotra, N.B. Majdan, M. Majdzadeh, R. Majeed, A. Malekzadeh, R. Malta, D.C. Manafi, N. Mansournia, M.A. Mantovani, L.G. März, W. Mashamba-Thompson, T.P. Massenburg, B.B. Mate, K.K.V. McAlinden, C. McGrath, J.J. Mehta, V. Meier, T. Meles, H.G. Melese, A. Memiah, P.T.N. Memish, Z.A. Mendoza, W. Mengistu, D.T. Mengistu, G. Meretoja, A. Meretoja, T.J. Mestrovic, T. Miazgowski, B. Miazgowski, T. Miller, T.R. Mini, G.K. Mirrakhimov, E.M. Moazen, B. Mohajer, B. Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N. Mohammadi, M. Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani, M. Mohammadibakhsh, R. Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, M. Mohammed, S. Mohebi, F. Mokdad, A.H. Monasta, L. Mondello, S. Moodley, Y. Moosazadeh, M. Moradi, G. Moradi-Lakeh, M. Moradinazar, M. Moraga, P. Moreno Velásquez, I. Morrison, S.D. Mousavi, S.M. Muhammed, O.S. Muruet, W. Musa, K.I. Mustafa, G. Naderi, M. Nagel, G. Naheed, A. Naik, G. Najafi, F. Nangia, V. Negoi, I. Negoi, R.I. Newton, C.R.J. Ngunjiri, J.W. Nguyen, C.T. Nguyen, L.H. Ningrum, D.N.A. Nirayo, Y.L. Nixon, M.R. Norrving, B. Noubiap, J.J. Nourollahpour Shiadeh, M. Nyasulu, P.S. Ogbo, F.A. Oh, I.-H. Olagunju, A.T. Olagunju, T.O. Olivares, P.R. Onwujekwe, O.E. Oren, E. Owolabi, M.O. A, M.P. Pakpour, A.H. Pan, W.-H. Panda-Jonas, S. Pandian, J.D. Patel, S.K. Pereira, D.M. Petzold, M. Pillay, J.D. Piradov, M.A. Polanczyk, G.V. Polinder, S. Postma, M.J. Poulton, R. Poustchi, H. Prakash, S. Prakash, V. Qorbani, M. Radfar, A. Rafay, A. Rafiei, A. Rahim, F. Rahimi-Movaghar, V. Rahman, M. Rahman, M.H.U. Rahman, M.A. Rajati, F. Ram, U. Ranta, A. Rawaf, D.L. Rawaf, S. Reinig, N. Reis, C. Renzaho, A.M.N. Resnikoff, S. Rezaeian, S. Rezai, M.S. Rios González, C.M. Roberts, N.L.S. Roever, L. Ronfani, L. Roro, E.M. Roshandel, G. Rostami, A. Sabbagh, P. Sacco, R.L. Sachdev, P.S. Saddik, B. Safari, H. Safari-Faramani, R. Safi, S. Safiri, S. Sagar, R. Sahathevan, R. Sahebkar, A. Sahraian, M.A. Salamati, P. Salehi Zahabi, S. Salimi, Y. Samy, A.M. Sanabria, J. Santos, I.S. Santric Milicevic, M.M. Sarrafzadegan, N. Sartorius, B. Sarvi, S. Sathian, B. Satpathy, M. Sawant, A.R. Sawhney, M. Schneider, I.J.C. Schöttker, B. Schwebel, D.C. Seedat, S. Sepanlou, S.G. Shabaninejad, H. Shafieesabet, A. Shaikh, M.A. Shakir, R.A. Shams-Beyranvand, M. Shamsizadeh, M. Sharif, M. Sharif-Alhoseini, M. She, J. Sheikh, A. Sheth, K.N. Shigematsu, M. Shiri, R. Shirkoohi, R. Shiue, I. Siabani, S. Siddiqi, T.J. Sigfusdottir, I.D. Sigurvinsdottir, R. Silberberg, D.H. Silva, J.P. Silveira, D.G.A. Singh, J.A. Sinha, D.N. Skiadaresi, E. Smith, M. Sobaih, B.H. Sobhani, S. Soofi, M. Soyiri, I.N. Sposato, L.A. Stein, D.J. Stein, M.B. Stokes, M.A. Sufiyan, M.B. Sykes, B.L. Sylaja, P. Tabarés-Seisdedos, R. Te Ao, B.J. Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. Temsah, M.-H. Temsah, O. Thakur, J.S. Thrift, A.G. Topor-Madry, R. Tortajada-Girbés, M. Tovani-Palone, M.R. Tran, B.X. Tran, K.B. Truelsen, T.C. Tsadik, A.G. Tudor Car, L. Ukwaja, K.N. Ullah, I. Usman, M.S. Uthman, O.A. Valdez, P.R. Vasankari, T.J. Vasanthan, R. Veisani, Y. Venketasubramanian, N. Violante, F.S. Vlassov, V. Vosoughi, K. Vu, G.T. Vujcic, I.S. Wagnew, F.S. Waheed, Y. Wang, Y.-P. Weiderpass, E. Weiss, J. Whiteford, H.A. Wijeratne, T. Winkler, A.S. Wiysonge, C.S. Wolfe, C.D.A. Xu, G. Yadollahpour, A. Yamada, T. Yano, Y. Yaseri, M. Yatsuya, H. Yimer, E.M. Yip, P. Yisma, E. Yonemoto, N. Yousefifard, M. Yu, C. Zaidi, Z. Zaman, S.B. Zamani, M. Zandian, H. Zare, Z. Zhang, Y. Zodpey, S. Naghavi, M. Murray, C.J.L. Vos, T. GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators
- Abstract
Background: Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders. Methods: We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach. Findings: Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6–46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7–20·8]), Alzheimer's and other dementias (10·4% [9·0–12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6–10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05–1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5–90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8–35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8–17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable). Interpretation: Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
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- 2019
23. Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016: Systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
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Orpana, H.M. Marczak, L.B. Arora, M. Abbasi, N. Abdulkader, R.S. Abebe, Z. Abraha, H.N. Afarideh, M. Afshari, M. Ahmadi, A. Aichour, A.N. Aichour, I. Aichour, M.T.E. Akseer, N. Al‐raddadi, R.M. Alahdab, F. Alkerwi, A. Allebeck, P. Alvis‐guzman, N. Anber, N.H. Anjomshoa, M. Antonio, C.A.T. Arora, A. Aryal, K.K. Asgedom, S.W. Awasthi, A. Quintanilla, B.P.A. Badali, H. Barker‐collo, S.L. Bärnighausen, T.W. Bazargan‐hejazi, S. Benjet, C. Bensenor, I.M. Berfeld, N. Beuran, M. Bhutta, Z.A. Biadgo, B. Bililign, N. Borges, G. Borschmann, R. Brazinova, A. Breitborde, N.J.K. Brugha, T. Butt, Z.A. Carrero, J.J. Carvalho, F. Malta, D.C. Castañeda‐orjuela, C.A. Catalá‐lópez, F. Ciobanu, L.G. Dachew, B.A. Dandona, L. Dandona, R. Dargan, P.I. Daryani, A. Davitoiu, D.V. Davletov, K. Degenhardt, L. Demoz, G.T. Jarlais, D.C.D. Dharmaratne, S.D. Djalalinia, S. Doan, L. Doku, D.T. Dubey, M. El‐khatib, Z. Eskandarieh, S. Esteghamati, A. Esteghamati, S. Faro, A. Farzadfar, F. Fekadu, W. Fernandes, E. Ferrari, A.J. Filip, I. Fischer, F. Foreman, K.J. Fukumoto, T. Gebre, A.K. Grosso, G. Gupta, R. Haagsma, J.A. Bidgoli, H.H. Haj‐mirzaian, A. Hamidi, S. Hankey, G.J. Haro, J.M. Hassen, H.Y. Hay, S.I. Heidari, B. Hendrie, D. Rad, E.H. Hosseini, S.M. Hostiuc, S. Irvani, S.S.N. Islam, S.M.S. Jakovljevic, M. James, S. Jayatilleke, A.U. Jha, R.P. Jonas, J.B. Jozwiak, J.J. Kadel, R. Kahsay, A. Kasaeian, A. Kassa, G.M. Kawakami, N. Kefale, A.T. Kemp, G.R. Khader, Y.S. Khafaie, M.A. Khalil, I.A. Khan, E.A. Khan, M.A. Khan, M.S. Khang, Y.-H. Khubchandani, J. Kiadaliri, A.A. Kieling, C. Kim, Y.-E. Kisa, A. Knudsen, A.K.S. Kokubo, Y. Koyanagi, A. Krish, V.S. Defo, B.K. Kumar, G.A. Kumar, M. Lamichhane, P. Lang, J.J. Latifi, A. Lee, P.H. Leung, J. Lim, L.-L. Lopez, A.D. Lorkowski, S. Lotufo, P.A. Lozano, R. Lunevicius, R. Mahesh, P.A. Majdan, M. Majdzadeh, R. Malekzadeh, R. Manda, A.-L. Mansournia, M.A. Mantovani, L.G. Maravilla, J.C. Martinez‐raga, J. Mathur, M.R. Maulik, P.K. McGrath, J.J. Mehrotra, R. Mekonen, T. Mendoza, W. Meretoja, T.J. Mestrovic, T. Miller, T.R. Mini, G.K. Mirrakhimov, E.M. Mitchell, P.B. Moazen, B. Mohammad, K.A. Mohammadi, M. Mohammed, S. Mokdad, A.H. Monasta, L. Moosazadeh, M. Moradi, G. Moradi‐lakeh, M. Moradinazar, M. Velásquez, I.M. Morisaki, N. Morrison, S.D. Moschos, M.M. Mousavi, S.M. Mustafa, G. Nagel, G. Naheed, A. Naik, G. Najafi, F. Negoi, I. Negoi, R.I. Nguyen, H.L.T. Nguyen, L.H. Nixon, M.R. Ofori‐asenso, R. Ogbo, F.A. Oh, I.-H. Olagunju, A.T. Olagunju, T.O. Øverland, S. Owolabi, M.O. Panda‐jonas, S. Parry, C.D.H. Pati, S. Patten, S.B. Patton, G.C. Petzold, M. Phillips, M.R. Plana‐ripoll, O. Postma, M.J. Pourshams, A. Poustchi, H. Qorbani, M. Radfar, A. Rafay, A. Rafiei, A. Rahim, F. Rahimi‐movaghar, A. Rahimi‐movaghar, V. Rahman, M.A. Rai, R.K. Rezaeian, S. Roever, L. Ronfani, L. Roshandel, G. Rostami, A. Sachdev, P.S. Safari, H. Safiri, S. Salamati, P. Salimi, Y. Salomon, J.A. Samy, A.M. Santos, I.S. Santric‐milicevic, M.M. Sartorius, B. Sarvi, S. Satpathy, M. Sawhney, M. Schwebel, D.C. Sepanlou, S.G. Shaikh, M.A. Sharif, M. Shibuya, K. Shigematsu, M. Shiri, R. Shiue, I. Siabani, S. Siddiqi, T.J. Sigfusdottir, I.D. Silva, J.P. Singh, J.A. Filho, A.M.S. Sobhani, S. Stein, D.J. Stein, M.B. Sufiyan, M.B. Sunguya, B.F. Tabarés‐seisdedos, R. Tabb, K.M. Tavakkoli, M. Tehrani‐banihashemi, A. Temsah, M.-H. Topor‐madry, R. Tran, B.X. Tran, K.B. Ullah, I. Unutzer, J. Usman, M.S. Uthman, O.A. Valdez, P.R. Vasankari, T.J. Vasconcelos, C. Vlassov, V. Vos, T. Vujcic, I.S. Waheed, Y. Wang, Y.-P. Weiderpass, E. Werdecker, A. Westerman, R. Whiteford, H.A. Wyper, G.M.A. Yaseri, M. Yimer, E.M. Yisma, E. Yonemoto, N. Yoon, S.-J. Yotebieng, M. Yousefifard, M. Yu, C. Zaidi, Z. Zamani, M. Murray, C.J.L. Naghavi, M.
- Abstract
Objectives To use the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 to describe patterns of suicide mortality globally, regionally, and for 195 countries and territories by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index, and to describe temporal trends between 1990 and 2016. Design Systematic analysis. Main outcome measures Crude and age standardised rates from suicide mortality and years of life lost were compared across regions and countries, and by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index (a composite measure of fertility, income, and education). Results The total number of deaths from suicide increased by 6.7% (95% uncertainty interval 0.4% to 15.6%) globally over the 27 year study period to 817 000 (762 000 to 884 000) deaths in 2016. However, the age standardised mortality rate for suicide decreased by 32.7% (27.2% to 36.6%) worldwide between 1990 and 2016, similar to the decline in the global age standardised mortality rate of 30.6%. Suicide was the leading cause of age standardised years of life lost in the Global Burden of Disease region of high income Asia Pacific and was among the top 10 leading causes in eastern Europe, central Europe, western Europe, central Asia, Australasia, southern Latin America, and high income North America. Rates for men were higher than for women across regions, countries, and age groups, except for the 15 to 19 age group. There was variation in the female to male ratio, with higher ratios at lower levels of Socio-demographic index. Women experienced greater decreases in mortality rates (49.0%, 95% uncertainty interval 42.6% to 54.6%) than men (23.8%, 15.6% to 32.7%). Conclusions Age standardised mortality rates for suicide have greatly reduced since 1990, but suicide remains an important contributor to mortality worldwide. Suicide mortality was variable across locations, between sexes, and between age groups. Suicide prevention strategies can be targeted towards vulnerable populations if they are informed by variations in mortality rates. © Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited.
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- 2019
24. Global Mortality From Firearms, 1990-2016
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Global Burden of Disease 2016 Injury Collaborators, Naghavi M, Marczak LB, Kutz M, Shackelford KA, Arora M, Miller-Petrie M, Aichour MTE, Akseer N, Al-Raddadi RM, Alam K, Alghnam SA, Antonio CAT, Aremu O, Arora A, Asadi-Lari M, Assadi R, Atey TM, Avila-Burgos L, Awasthi A, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen TW, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Behzadifar M, Bennett JR, Bhalla A, Bhutta ZA, Bilal AI, Borges G, Borschmann R, Brazinova A, Campuzano Rincon JC, Carvalho F, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dargan PI, De Leo D, Dharmaratne SD, Ding EL, Phuc Do H, Doku DT, Doyle KE, Driscoll TR, Edessa D, El-Khatib Z, Endries AY, Esteghamati A, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Feigin VL, Fischer F, Foreman KJ, Franklin RC, Fullman N, Futran ND, Gebrehiwot TT, Gutiérrez RA, Hafezi-Nejad N, Haghparast Bidgoli H, Hailu GB, Haro JM, Hassen HY, Hawley C, Hendrie D, Híjar M, Hu G, Ilesanmi OS, Jakovljevic M, James SL, Jayaraman S, Jonas JB, Kahsay A, Kasaeian A, Keiyoro PN, Khader Y, Khalil IA, Khang YH, Khubchandani J, Ahmad Kiadaliri A, Kieling C, Kim YJ, Kosen S, Krohn KJ, Kumar GA, Lami FH, Lansingh VC, Larson HJ, Linn S, Lunevicius R, Magdy Abd El Razek H, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Malekzadeh R, Carvalho Malta D, Mason-Jones AJ, Matzopoulos R, Memiah PTN, Mendoza W, Meretoja TJ, Mezgebe HB, Miller TR, Mohammed S, Moradi-Lakeh M, Mori R, Nand D, Tat Nguyen C, Le Nguyen Q, Ningrum DNA, Akpojene Ogbo F, Olagunju AT, Patton GC, Phillips MR, Polinder S, Pourmalek F, Qorbani M, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rai RK, Ranabhat CL, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Safdarian M, Safiri S, Sagar R, Salama JS, Sanabria J, Santric Milicevic MM, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sartorius B, Satpathy M, Schwebel DC, Seedat S, Sepanlou SG, Shaikh MA, Sharew NT, Shiue I, Singh JA, Sisay M, Skirbekk V, Soares Filho AM, Stein DJ, Stokes MA, Sufiyan MB, Swaroop M, Sykes BL, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tadese F, Tran BX, Thanh Tran T, Ukwaja KN, Vasankari TJ, Vlassov V, Werdecker A, Ye P, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Zaidi Z, El Sayed Zaki M, Hay SI, Lim SS, Lopez AD, Mokdad AH, Vos T, and Murray CJL
- Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Understanding global variation in firearm mortality rates could guide prevention policies and interventions. OBJECTIVE: To estimate mortality due to firearm injury deaths from 1990 to 2016 in 195 countries and territories. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study used deidentified aggregated data including 13?812 location-years of vital registration data to generate estimates of levels and rates of death by age-sex-year-location. The proportion of suicides in which a firearm was the lethal means was combined with an estimate of per capita gun ownership in a revised proxy measure used to evaluate the relationship between availability or access to firearms and firearm injury deaths. EXPOSURES: Firearm ownership and access. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Cause-specific deaths by age, sex, location, and year. RESULTS: Worldwide, it was estimated that 251?000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 195?000-276?000) people died from firearm injuries in 2016, with 6 countries (Brazil, United States, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, and Guatemala) accounting for 50.5% (95% UI, 42.2%-54.8%) of those deaths. In 1990, there were an estimated 209?000 (95% UI, 172?000 to 235?000) deaths from firearm injuries. Globally, the majority of firearm injury deaths in 2016 were homicides (64.0% [95% UI, 54.2%-68.0%]; absolute value, 161?000 deaths [95% UI, 107?000-182?000]); additionally, 27% were firearm suicide deaths (67?500 [95% UI, 55?400-84?100]) and 9% were unintentional firearm deaths (23?000 [95% UI, 18?200-24?800]). From 1990 to 2016, there was no significant decrease in the estimated global age-standardized firearm homicide rate (-0.2% [95% UI, -0.8% to 0.2%]). Firearm suicide rates decreased globally at an annualized rate of 1.6% (95% UI, 1.1-2.0), but in 124 of 195 countries and territories included in this study, these levels were either constant or significant increases were estimated. There was an annualized decrease of 0.9% (95% UI, 0.5%-1.3%) in the global rate of age-standardized firearm deaths from 1990 to 2016. Aggregate firearm injury deaths in 2016 were highest among persons aged 20 to 24 years (for men, an estimated 34?700 deaths [95% UI, 24?900-39?700] and for women, an estimated 3580 deaths [95% UI, 2810-4210]). Estimates of the number of firearms by country were associated with higher rates of firearm suicide (P < .001; R2 = 0.21) and homicide (P < .001; R2 = 0.35). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study estimated between 195?000 and 276?000 firearm injury deaths globally in 2016, the majority of which were firearm homicides. Despite an overall decrease in rates of firearm injury death since 1990, there was variation among countries and across demographic subgroups.
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- 2018
25. Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
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Wang, H, Liddell, CA, Coates, MM, Mooney, MD, Levitz, CE, Schumacher, AE, Apfel, H, Iannarone, M, Phillips, B, Lofgren, KT, Sandar, L, Dorrington, RE, Rakovac, I, Jacobs, TA, Liang, X, Zhou, M, Zhu, J, Yang, G, Wang, Y, Liu, S, Li, Y, Ozgoren, AA, Abera, SF, Abubakar, I, Achoki, T, Adelekan, A, Ademi, Z, Alemu, ZA, Allen, PJ, AlMazroa, MA, Alvarez, E, Amankwaa, AA, Amare, AT, Ammar, W, Anwari, P, Cunningham, SA, Asad, MM, Assadi, R, Banerjee, A, Basu, S, Bedi, N, Bekele, T, Bell, ML, Bhutta, Z, Blore, JD, Basara, BB, Boufous, S, Breitborde, N, Bruce, NG, Bui, LN, Carapetis, JR, Cárdenas, R, Carpenter, DO, Caso, V, Castro, RE, Catalá-Lopéz, F, Cavlin, A, Che, X, Chiang, PP, Chowdhury, R, Christophi, CA, Chuang, TW, Cirillo, M, da Costa Leite, I, Courville, KJ, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Davis, A, Dayama, A, Deribe, K, Dharmaratne, SD, Dherani, MK, Dilmen, U, Ding, EL, Edmond, KM, Ermakov, SP, Farzadfar, F, Fereshtehnejad, SM, Fijabi, DO, Foigt, N, Forouzanfar, MH, Garcia, AC, Geleijnse, JM, Gessner, BD, Goginashvili, K, Gona, P, Goto, A, Gouda, HN, Green, MA, Greenwell, KF, Gugnani, HC, Gupta, R, Hamadeh, RR, Hammami, M, Harb, HL, Hay, Simon, Hedayati, MT, Hosgood, HD, Hoy, DG, Idrisov, BT, Islami, F, Ismayilova, S, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, G, Jonas, JB, Juel, K, Kabagambe, EK, Kazi, DS, Kengne, AP, Kereselidze, M, Khader, YS, Khalifa, SE, Khang, YH, Kim, D, Kinfu, Y, Kinge, JM, Kokubo, Y, Kosen, S, Defo, BK, Kumar, GA, Kumar, K, Kumar, RB, Lai, T, Lan, Q, Larsson, A, Lee, JT, Leinsalu, M, Lim, SS, Lipshultz, SE, Logroscino, G, Lotufo, PA, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, RA, Ma, S, Mahdi, AA, Marzan, MB, Mashal, MT, Mazorodze, TT, McGrath, JJ, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Mensah, GA, Meretoja, A, Miller, TR, Mills, EJ, Mohammad, KA, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Montico, M, Moore, AR, Moschandreas, Joanna, Msemburi, WT, Mueller, UO, Muszynska, MM, Naghavi, M, Naidoo, KS, Narayan, KM, Nejjari, C, Ng, M, de Dieu Ngirabega, J, Nieuwenhuijsen, MJ, Nyakarahuka, L, Ohkubo, T, Omer, SB, Caicedo, AJ, Pillay-van Wyk, V, Pope, D, Pourmalek, F, Prabhakaran, D, Rahman, SU, Rana, SM, Reilly, RQ, Rojas-Rueda, D, Ronfani, L, Rushton, L, Saeedi, MY, Salomon, JA, Sampson, U, Santos, IS, Sawhney, M, Schmidt, JC, Shakh-Nazarova, M, She, J, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shibuya, K, Shin, HH, Shishani, K, Shiue, I, Sigfusdottir, ID, Singh, JA, Skirbekk, V, Sliwa, K, Soshnikov, SS, Sposato, LA, Stathopoulou, VK, Stroumpoulis, K, Tabb, KM, Talongwa, RT, Teixeira, CM, Terkawi, AS, Thomson, AJ, Thorne-Lyman, AL, Toyoshima, H, Dimbuene, ZT, Uwaliraye, P, Uzun, SB, Vasankari, TJ, Vasconcelos, AM, Vlassov, VV, Vollset, SE, Waller, S, Wan, X, Weichenthal, S, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, RG, Westerman, R, Wilkinson, JD, Williams, HC, Yang, YC, Yentur, GK, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yu, C, Jin, KY, El Sayed Zaki, M, Zhu, S, Vos, T, Lopez, AD, and Murray, CJ
- Abstract
Remarkable financial and political efforts have been focused on the reduction of child mortality during the past few decades. Timely measurements of levels and trends in under-5 mortality are important to assess progress towards the Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4) target of reduction of child mortality by two thirds from 1990 to 2015, and to identify models of success.We generated updated estimates of child mortality in early neonatal (age 0-6 days), late neonatal (7-28 days), postneonatal (29-364 days), childhood (1-4 years), and under-5 (0-4 years) age groups for 188 countries from 1970 to 2013, with more than 29,000 survey, census, vital registration, and sample registration datapoints. We used Gaussian process regression with adjustments for bias and non-sampling error to synthesise the data for under-5 mortality for each country, and a separate model to estimate mortality for more detailed age groups. We used explanatory mixed effects regression models to assess the association between under-5 mortality and income per person, maternal education, HIV child death rates, secular shifts, and other factors. To quantify the contribution of these different factors and birth numbers to the change in numbers of deaths in under-5 age groups from 1990 to 2013, we used Shapley decomposition. We used estimated rates of change between 2000 and 2013 to construct under-5 mortality rate scenarios out to 2030.We estimated that 6·3 million (95% UI 6·0-6·6) children under-5 died in 2013, a 64% reduction from 17·6 million (17·1-18·1) in 1970. In 2013, child mortality rates ranged from 152·5 per 1000 livebirths (130·6-177·4) in Guinea-Bissau to 2·3 (1·8-2·9) per 1000 in Singapore. The annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2013 ranged from -6·8% to 0·1%. 99 of 188 countries, including 43 of 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, had faster decreases in child mortality during 2000-13 than during 1990-2000. In 2013, neonatal deaths accounted for 41·6% of under-5 deaths compared with 37·4% in 1990. Compared with 1990, in 2013, rising numbers of births, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, led to 1·4 million more child deaths, and rising income per person and maternal education led to 0·9 million and 2·2 million fewer deaths, respectively. Changes in secular trends led to 4·2 million fewer deaths. Unexplained factors accounted for only -1% of the change in child deaths. In 30 developing countries, decreases since 2000 have been faster than predicted attributable to income, education, and secular shift alone.Only 27 developing countries are expected to achieve MDG 4. Decreases since 2000 in under-5 mortality rates are accelerating in many developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The Millennium Declaration and increased development assistance for health might have been a factor in faster decreases in some developing countries. Without further accelerated progress, many countries in west and central Africa will still have high levels of under-5 mortality in 2030.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, US Agency for International Development.
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- 2018
26. Erratum: Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2018) 392(10159) (1736–1788)(S0140673618322037)(10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7))
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GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators Roth, G.A. Abate, D. Abate, K.H. Abay, S.M. Abbafati, C. Abbasi, N. Abbastabar, H. Abd-Allah, F. Abdela, J. Abdelalim, A. Abdollahpour, I. Abdulkader, R.S. Abebe, H.T. Abebe, M. Abebe, Z. Abejie, A.N. Abera, S.F. Abil, O.Z. Abraha, H.N. Abrham, A.R. Abu-Raddad, L.J. Accrombessi, M.M.K. Acharya, D. Adamu, A.A. Adebayo, O.M. Adedoyin, R.A. Adekanmbi, V. Adetokunboh, O.O. Adhena, B.M. Adib, M.G. Admasie, A. Afshin, A. Agarwal, G. Agesa, K.M. Agrawal, A. Agrawal, S. Ahmadi, A. Ahmadi, M. Ahmed, M.B. Ahmed, S. Aichour, A.N. Aichour, I. Aichour, M.T.E. Akbari, M.E. Akinyemi, R.O. Akseer, N. Al-Aly, Z. Al-Eyadhy, A. Al-Raddadi, R.M. Alahdab, F. Alam, K. Alam, T. Alebel, A. Alene, K.A. Alijanzadeh, M. Alizadeh-Navaei, R. Aljunid, S.M. Alkerwi, A. Alla, F. Allebeck, P. Alonso, J. Altirkawi, K. Alvis-Guzman, N. Amare, A.T. Aminde, L.N. Amini, E. Ammar, W. Amoako, Y.A. Anber, N.H. Andrei, C.L. Androudi, S. Animut, M.D. Anjomshoa, M. Ansari, H. Ansha, M.G. Antonio, C.A.T. Anwari, P. Aremu, O. Arnlov, J. Arora, A. Arora, M. Artaman, A. Aryal, K.K. Asayesh, H. Asfaw, E.T. Ataro, Z. Atique, S. Atre, S.R. Ausloos, M. Avokpaho, E.F.G.A. Awasthi, A. Ayala Quintanilla, B.P. Ayele, Y. Ayer, R. Azzopardi, P.S. Babazadeh, A. Bacha, U. Badali, H. Badawi, A. Bali, A.G. Ballesteros, K.E. Banach, M. Banerjee, K. Bannick, M.S. Banoub, J.A.M. Barboza, M.A. Barker-Collo, S.L. Barnighausen, T.W. Barquera, S. Barrero, L.H. Bassat, Q. Basu, S. Baune, B.T. Baynes, H.W. Bazargan-Hejazi, S. Bedi, N. Beghi, E. Behzadifar, M. Behzadifar, M. Bejot, Y. Bekele, B.B. Belachew, A.B. Belay, E. Belay, Y.A. Bell, M.L. Bello, A.K. Bennett, D.A. Bensenor, I.M. Berman, A.E. Bernabe, E. Bernstein, R.S. Bertolacci, G.J. Beuran, M. Beyranvand, T. Bhalla, A. Bhattarai, S. Bhaumik, S. Bhutta, Z.A. Biadgo, B. Biehl, M.H. Bijani, A. Bikbov, B. Bilano, V. Bililign, N. Bin Sayeed, M.S. Bisanzio, D. Biswas, T. Blacker, B.F. Basara, B.B. Borschmann, R. Bosetti, C. Bozorgmehr, K. Brady, O.J. Brant, L.C. Brayne, C. Brazinova, A. Breitborde, N.J.K. Brenner, H. Briant, P.S. Britton, G. Brugha, T. Busse, R. Butt, Z.A. Callender, C.S.K.H. Campos-Nonato, I.R. Campuzano Rincon, J.C. Cano, J. Car, M. Cardenas, R. Carreras, G. Carrero, J.J. Carter, A. Carvalho, F. Castaneda-Orjuela, C.A. Castillo Rivas, J. Castle, C.D. Castro, C. Castro, F. Catala-Lopez, F. Cerin, E. Chaiah, Y. Chang, J.-C. Charlson, F.J. Chaturvedi, P. Chiang, P.P.-C. Chimed-Ochir, O. Chisumpa, V.H. Chitheer, A. Chowdhury, R. Christensen, H. Christopher, D.J. Chung, S.-C. Cicuttini, F.M. Ciobanu, L.G. Cirillo, M. Cohen, A.J. Cooper, L.T. Cortesi, P.A. Cortinovis, M. Cousin, E. Cowie, B.C. Criqui, M.H. Cromwell, E.A. Crowe, C.S. Crump, J.A. Cunningham, M. Daba, A.K. Dadi, A.F. Dandona, L. Dandona, R. Dang, A.K. Dargan, P.I. Daryani, A. Das, S.K. Gupta, R.D. Neves, J.D. Dasa, T.T. Dash, A.P. Davis, A.C. Davis Weaver, N. Davitoiu, D.V. Davletov, K. De La Hoz, F.P. De Neve, J.-W. Degefa, M.G. 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- Abstract
GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018; 392: 1736–88—The bottom row in figure 7 was cut off. This correction has been made to the online version as of Nov 9, 2018, and has been made to the printed Article. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
- Published
- 2018
27. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Younis, M.Z. Yousefifard, M. Yu, C. Zachariah, G. Zadnik, V. Zafar, S. Zaidi, Z. Zaman, S.B. Zamani, M. Zare, Z. Zeeb, H. Zeleke, M.M. Zenebe, Z.M. Zerfu, T.A. Zhang, K. Zhang, X. Zhou, M. Zhu, J. Zodpey, S. Zucker, I. Zuhlke, L.J.J. Lopez, A.D. Gakidou, E. Murray, C.J.L. GBD 2017 Mortality Collaborators
- Abstract
Background: Assessments of age-specifc mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Afairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally. Methods: The GBD uses all available data to produce estimates of mortality rates between 1950 and 2017 for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries. Data used include vital registration systems, sample registration systems, household surveys (complete birth histories, summary birth histories, sibling histories), censuses (summary birth histories, household deaths), and Demographic Surveillance Sites. In total, this analysis used 8259 data sources. Estimates of the probability of death between birth and the age of 5 years and between ages 15 and 60 years are generated and then input into a model life table system to produce complete life tables for all locations and years. Fatal discontinuities and mortality due to HIV/AIDS are analysed separately and then incorporated into the estimation. We analyse the relationship between age-specifc mortality and development status using the Socio-demographic Index, a composite measure based on fertility under the age of 25 years, education, and income. There are four main methodological improvements in GBD 2017 compared with GBD 2016: 622 additional data sources have been incorporated; new estimates of population, generated by the GBD study, are used; statistical methods used in diferent components of the analysis have been further standardised and improved; and the analysis has been extended backwards in time by two decades to start in 1950. Findings: Globally, 18·7% (95% uncertainty interval 18·4-19·0) of deaths were registered in 1950 and that proportion has been steadily increasing since, with 58·8% (58·2-59·3) of all deaths being registered in 2015. At the global level, between 1950 and 2017, life expectancy increased from 48·1 years (46·5-49·6) to 70·5 years (70·1-70·8) for men and from 52·9 years (51·7-54·0) to 75·6 years (75·3-75·9) for women. Despite this overall progress, there remains substantial variation in life expectancy at birth in 2017, which ranges from 49·1 years (46·5-51·7) for men in the Central African Republic to 87·6 years (86·9-88·1) among women in Singapore. The greatest progress across age groups was for children younger than 5 years; under-5 mortality dropped from 216·0 deaths (196·3-238·1) per 1000 livebirths in 1950 to 38·9 deaths (35·6-42·83) per 1000 livebirths in 2017, with huge reductions across countries. Nevertheless, there were still 5·4 million (5·2-5·6) deaths among children younger than 5 years in the world in 2017. Progress has been less pronounced and more variable for adults, especially for adult males, who had stagnant or increasing mortality rates in several countries. The gap between male and female life expectancy between 1950 and 2017, while relatively stable at the global level, shows distinctive patterns across super-regions and has consistently been the largest in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia, and smallest in south Asia. Performance was also variable across countries and time in observed mortality rates compared with those expected on the basis of development. Interpretation: This analysis of age-sex-specifc mortality shows that there are remarkably complex patterns in population mortality across countries. The fndings of this study highlight global successes, such as the large decline in under-5 mortality, which refects signifcant local, national, and global commitment and investment over several decades. However, they also bring attention to mortality patterns that are a cause for concern, particularly among adult men and, to a lesser extent, women, whose mortality rates have stagnated in many countries over the time period of this study, and in some cases are increasing. © 2018 The Author(s).
- Published
- 2018
28. Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
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Vujcic, I.S. Wagner, G.R. Wagnew, F.S. Waheed, Y. Walson, J.L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.-P. Wassie, M.M. Weiderpass, E. Weintraub, R.G. Weiss, J. Weldegebreal, F. Weldegwergs, K.G. Werdecker, A. Werkneh, A.A. West, T.E. Westerman, R. Whisnant, J.L. Whiteford, H.A. Widecka, J. Widecka, K. Wijeratne, T. Wilner, L.B. Winkler, A.S. Wiyeh, A.B. Wiysonge, C.S. Wolde, H.F. Wolfe, C.D.A. Wu, S. Xavier, D. Xu, G. Xu, R. Yadollahpour, A. Jabbari, S.H.Y. Yakob, B. Yamada, T. Yan, L.L. Yano, Y. Yaseri, M. Yasin, Y.J. Ye, P. Yearwood, J.A. Yeshaneh, A. Yimer, E.M. Yip, P. Yirsaw, B.D. Yisma, E. Yonemoto, N. Yonga, G. Yoon, S.-J. Yotebieng, M. Younis, M.Z. Yousefifard, M. Yu, C. Zaman, S.B. Zamani, M. Zare, Z. Zavala-Arciniega, L. Zegeye, D.T. Zegeye, E.A. Zeleke, A.J. Zendehdel, K. Zerfu, T.A. Zhang, A.L. Zhang, X. Zhou, M. Zhu, J. Zimsen, S.R.M. Zodpey, S. Zoeckler, L. Zucker, I. Zuhlke, L.J.J. Lim, S.S. Murray, C.J.L. GBD 2017 SDG Collaborators
- Abstract
Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
- Published
- 2018
29. Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
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GBD 2017 Population Fertility Collaborators
- Abstract
Background: Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods: We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10–54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10–14 years and 50–54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15–19 years and 45–49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-component method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Findings: From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46·4–52·0). The TFR decreased from 4·7 livebirths (4·5–4·9) to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·5), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10–19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34–40) to 22 livebirths (19–24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83·8 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197·2% (193·3–200·8) since 1950, from 2·6 billion (2·5–2·6) to 7·6 billion (7·4–7·9) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2·0%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1·1% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2·5% in 1963 to 0·7% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2·7%. The global average age increased from 26·6 years in 1950 to 32·1 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15–64 years) increased from 59·9% to 65·3%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1·0 livebirths (95% UI 0·9–1·2) in Cyprus to a high of 7·1 livebirths (6·8–7·4) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0·08 livebirths (0·07–0·09) in South Korea to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·6) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (TFO30; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0·3 livebirths (0·3–0·4) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3·1 livebirths (3·0–3·2) in Niger. TFO30 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017. 33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2·0% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger. Interpretation: Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
- Published
- 2018
30. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
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Vaduganathan, M. Vaezi, A. Valdez, P.R. Varavikova, E. Varughese, S. Vasankari, T.J. Venketasubramanian, N. Villafaina, S. Violante, F.S. Vladimirov, S.K. Vlassov, V. Vollset, S.E. Vos, T. Vosoughi, K. Vujcic, I.S. Wagnew, F.S. Waheed, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.-P. Weiderpass, E. Weintraub, R.G. Weiss, D.J. Weldegebreal, F. Weldegwergs, K.G. Werdecker, A. West, T.E. Westerman, R. Whiteford, H.A. Widecka, J. Wijeratne, T. Williams, H.C. Wilner, L.B. Wilson, S. Winkler, A.S. Wiyeh, A.B. Wiysonge, C.S. Wolfe, C.D.A. Woolf, A.D. Wyper, G.M.A. Xavier, D. Xu, G. Yadgir, S. Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S.H. Yamada, T. Yan, L.L. Yano, Y. Yaseri, M. Yasin, Y.J. Yeshaneh, A. Yimer, E.M. Yip, P. Yisma, E. Yonemoto, N. Yoon, S.-J. Yotebieng, M. Younis, M.Z. Yousefifard, M. Yu, C. Zadnik, V. Zaidi, Z. Zaman, S.B. Zamani, M. Zandian, H. Zar, H.J. Zenebe, Z.M. Zipkin, B. Zhou, M. Zodpey, S. Zucker, I. Zuhlke, L.J. Murray, C.J.L. GBD 2017 DALYs HALE Collaborators
- Abstract
Background: How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted lifeyears (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severityof ill health, for 359 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years. Methods We used data for age-speci?c mortality rates, years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to calculate HALE and DALYs from 1990 to 2017. We calculated HALE using age-specific mortality rates and YLDs per capita for each location, age, sex, and year. We calculated DALYs for 359 causes as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We assessed how observed HALE and DALYs differed by country and sex from expected trends based on Sociodemographic Index (SDI). We also analysed HALE by decomposing years of life gained into years spent in good health and in poor health, between 1990 and 2017, and extra years lived by females compared with males. Findings Globally, from 1990 to 2017, life expectancy at birth increased by 7·4 years (95% uncertainty interval 7·1-7·8), from 65·6 years (65·3-65·8) in 1990 to 73·0 years (72·7-73·3) in 2017. The increase in years of life varied from 5·1 years (5·0-5·3) in high SDI countries to 12·0 years (11·3-12·8) in low SDI countries. Of the additional years of life expected at birth, 26·3% (20·1-33·1) were expected to be spent in poor health in high SDI countries compared with 11·7% (8·8-15·1) in low-middle SDI countries. HALE at birth increased by 6·3 years (5·9-6·7), from 57·0 years (54·6-59·1) in 1990 to 63·3 years (60·5-65·7) in 2017. The increase varied from 3·8 years (3·4-4·1) in high SDI countries to 10·5 years (9·8-11·2) in low SDI countries. Even larger variations in HALE than these were observed between countries, ranging from 1·0 year (0·4-1·7) in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (62·4 years [59·9-64·7] in 1990 to 63·5 years [60·9-65·8] in 2017) to 23·7 years (21·9-25·6) in Eritrea (30·7 years [28·9-32·2] in 1990 to 54·4 years [51·5-57·1] in 2017). In most countries, the increase in HALE was smaller than the increase in overall life expectancy, indicating more years lived in poor health. In 180 of 195 countries and territories, females were expected to live longer than males in 2017, with extra years lived varying from 1·4 years (0·6-2·3) in Algeria to 11·9 years (10·9-12·9) in Ukraine. Of the extra years gained, the proportion spent in poor health varied largely across countries, with less than 20% of additional years spent in poor health in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, and Slovakia, whereas in Bahrain all the extra years were spent in poor health. In 2017, the highest estimate of HALE at birth was in Singapore for both females (75·8 years [72·4-78·7]) and males (72·6 years [69·8-75·0]) and the lowest estimates were in Central African Republic (47·0 years [43·7-50·2] for females and 42·8 years [40·1-45·6] for males). Globally, in 2017, the ?ve leading causes of DALYs were neonatal disorders, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, lower respiratory infections, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 41·3% (38·8-43·5) for communicable diseases and by 49·8% (47·9-51·6) for neonatal disorders. For non-communicable diseases, global DALYs increased by 40·1% (36·8-43·0), although age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 18·1% (16·0-20·2). Interpretation With increasing life expectancy in most countries, the question of whether the additional years of life gained are spent in good health or poor health has been increasingly relevant because of the potential policy implications, such as health-care provisions and extending retirement ages. In some locations, a large proportion of those additional years are spent in poor health. Large inequalities in HALE and disease burden exist across countries in different SDI quintiles and between sexes. The burden of disabling conditions has serious implications for health system planning and health-related expenditures. Despite the progress made in reducing the burden of communicable diseases and neonatal disorders in low SDI countries, the speed of this progress could be increased by scaling up proven interventions. The global trends among non-communicable diseases indicate that more effort is needed to maximise HALE, such as risk prevention and attention to upstream determinants of health. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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- 2018
31. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 Diseases and Injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Dirac, M.A. Djalalinia, S. Doan, L. Dokova, K. Doku, D.T. Dorsey, E.R. Doyle, K.E. Driscoll, T.R. Dubey, M. Dubljanin, E. Duken, E.E. Duncan, B.B. Duraes, A.R. Ebrahimi, H. Ebrahimpour, S. Echko, M.M. Edvardsson, D. Effiong, A. Ehrlich, J.R. El Bcheraoui, C. El Sayed Zaki, M. El-Khatib, Z. Elkout, H. Elyazar, I.R.F. Enayati, A. Endries, A.Y. Er, B. Erskine, H.E. Eshrati, B. Eskandarieh, S. Esteghamati, A. Esteghamati, S. Fakhim, H. Fallah Omrani, V. Faramarzi, M. Fareed, M. Farhadi, F. Farid, T.A. Farinha, C.S.E. Farioli, A. Faro, A. Farvid, M.S. Farzadfar, F. Feigin, V.L. Fentahun, N. Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. Fernandes, E. Fernandes, J.C. Ferrari, A.J. Feyissa, G.T. Filip, I. Fischer, F. Fitzmaurice, C. Foigt, N.A. Foreman, K.J. Fox, J. Frank, T.D. Fukumoto, T. Fullman, N. Fürst, T. Furtado, J.M. Futran, N.D. Gall, S. Ganji, M. Gankpe, F.G. Garcia-Basteiro, A.L. Gardner, W.M. Gebre, A.K. Gebremedhin, A.T. Gebremichael, T.G. Gelano, T.F. Geleijnse, J.M. Genova-Maleras, R. Geramo, Y.C.D. Gething, P.W. Gezae, K.E. Ghadiri, K. Ghasemi Falavarjani, K. Ghasemi-Kasman, M. Ghimire, M. Ghosh, R. Ghoshal, A.G. Giampaoli, S. Gill, P.S. Gill, T.K. Ginawi, I.A. Giussani, G. Gnedovskaya, E.V. Goldberg, E.M. Goli, S. Gómez-Dantés, H. Gona, P.N. Gopalani, S.V. Gorman, T.M. Goulart, A.C. Goulart, B.N.G. Grada, A. Grams, M.E. Grosso, G. Gugnani, H.C. Guo, Y. Gupta, P.C. Gupta, R. Gupta, R. Gupta, T. Gyawali, B. Haagsma, J.A. Hachinski, V. Hafezi-Nejad, N. Haghparast Bidgoli, H. Hagos, T.B. Hailu, G.B. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Hamadeh, R.R. Hamidi, S. Handal, A.J. Hankey, G.J. Hao, Y. Harb, H.L. Harikrishnan, S. Haro, J.M. Hasan, M. Hassankhani, H. Hassen, H.Y. Havmoeller, R. Hawley, C.N. Hay, R.J. Hay, S.I. Hedayatizadeh-Omran, A. Heibati, B. Hendrie, D. Henok, A. Herteliu, C. Heydarpour, S. Hibstu, D.T. Hoang, H.T. Hoek, H.W. Hoffman, H.J. Hole, M.K. Homaie Rad, E. Hoogar, P. Hosgood, H.D. Hosseini, S.M. Hosseinzadeh, M. Hostiuc, M. Hostiuc, S. Hotez, P.J. Hoy, D.G. Hsairi, M. Htet, A.S. Hu, G. Huang, J.J. Huynh, C.K. Iburg, K.M. Ikeda, C.T. Ileanu, B. Ilesanmi, O.S. Iqbal, U. Irvani, S.S.N. Irvine, C.M.S. Mohammed, S. Islam, S. Islami, F. Jacobsen, K.H. Jahangiry, L. Jahanmehr, N. Jain, S.K. Jakovljevic, M. Javanbakht, M. Jayatilleke, A.U. Jeemon, P. Jha, R.P. Jha, V. Ji, J.S. Johnson, C.O. Jonas, J.B. Jozwiak, J.J. Jungari, S.B. Jürisson, M. Kabir, Z. Kadel, R. Kahsay, A. Kalani, R. Kanchan, T. Karami, M. Karami Matin, B. Karch, A. Karema, C. Karimi, N. Karimi, S.M. Kasaeian, A. Kassa, D.H. Kassa, G.M. Kassa, T.D. Kassebaum, N.J. Katikireddi, S.V. Kawakami, N. Kazemi Karyani, A. Keighobadi, M.M. Keiyoro, P.N. Kemmer, L. Kemp, G.R. Kengne, A.P. Keren, A. Khader, Y.S. Khafaei, B. Khafaie, M.A. Khajavi, A. Khalil, I.A. Khan, E.A. Khan, M.S. Khan, M.A. Khang, Y.-H. Khazaei, M. Khoja, A.T. Khosravi, A. Khosravi, M.H. Kiadaliri, A.A. Kiirithio, D.N. Kim, C.-I. Kim, D. Kim, P. Kim, Y.-E. Kim, Y.J. Kimokoti, R.W. Kinfu, Y. Kisa, A. Kissimova-Skarbek, K. Kivimäki, M. Knudsen, A.K.S. Kocarnik, J.M. Kochhar, S. Kokubo, Y. Kolola, T. Kopec, J.A. Kosen, S. Kotsakis, G.A. Koul, P.A. Koyanagi, A. Kravchenko, M.A. Krishan, K. Krohn, K.J. Kuate Defo, B. Kucuk Bicer, B. Kumar, G.A. Kumar, M. Kyu, H.H. Lad, D.P. Lad, S.D. Lafranconi, A. Lalloo, R. Lallukka, T. Lami, F.H. Lansingh, V.C. Latifi, A. Lau, K.M.-M. Lazarus, J.V. Leasher, J.L. Ledesma, J.R. Lee, P.H. Leigh, J. Leung, J. Levi, M. Lewycka, S. Li, S. Li, Y. Liao, Y. Liben, M.L. Lim, L.-L. Lim, S.S. Liu, S. Lodha, R. Looker, K.J. Lopez, A.D. Lorkowski, S. Lotufo, P.A. Low, N. Lozano, R. Lucas, T.C.D. Lucchesi, L.R. Lunevicius, R. Lyons, R.A. Ma, S. Macarayan, E.R.K. Mackay, M.T. Madotto, F. Magdy Abd El Razek, H. Magdy Abd El Razek, M. Maghavani, D.P. Mahotra, N.B. Mai, H.T. Majdan, M. Majdzadeh, R. Majeed, A. Malekzadeh, R. Malta, D.C. Mamun, A.A. Manda, A.-L. Manguerra, H. Manhertz, T. Mansournia, M.A. Mantovani, L.G. Mapoma, C.C. Maravilla, J.C. Marcenes, W. Marks, A. Martins-Melo, F.R. Martopullo, I. März, W. Marzan, M.B. Mashamba-Thompson, T.P. Massenburg, B.B. Mathur, M.R. Matsushita, K. Maulik, P.K. Mazidi, M. McAlinden, C. McGrath, J.J. McKee, M. Mehndiratta, M.M. Mehrotra, R. Mehta, K.M. Mehta, V. Mejia-Rodriguez, F. Mekonen, T. Melese, A. Melku, M. Meltzer, M. Memiah, P.T.N. Memish, Z.A. Mendoza, W. Mengistu, D.T. Mengistu, G. Mensah, G.A. Mereta, S.T. Meretoja, A. Meretoja, T.J. Mestrovic, T. Mezerji, N.M.G. Miazgowski, B. Miazgowski, T. Millear, A.I. Miller, T.R. Miltz, B. Mini, G.K. Mirarefin, M. Mirrakhimov, E.M. Misganaw, A.T. Mitchell, P.B. Mitiku, H. Moazen, B. Mohajer, B. Mohammad, K.A. Mohammadifard, N. Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, M. Mohammed, M.A. Mohammed, S. Mohebi, F. Moitra, M. Mokdad, A.H. Molokhia, M. Monasta, L. Moodley, Y. Moosazadeh, M. Moradi, G. Moradi-Lakeh, M. Moradinazar, M. Moraga, P. Morawska, L. Moreno Velásquez, I. Morgado-Da-Costa, J. Morrison, S.D. Moschos, M.M. Mousavi, S.M. Mruts, K.B. Muche, A.A. Muchie, K.F. Mueller, U.O. Muhammed, O.S. Mukhopadhyay, S. Muller, K. Mumford, J.E. Murhekar, M. Musa, J. Musa, K.I. Mustafa, G. Nabhan, A.F. Nagata, C. Naghavi, M. Naheed, A. Nahvijou, A. Naik, G. Naik, N. Najafi, F. Naldi, L. Nam, H.S. Nangia, V. Nansseu, J.R. Nascimento, B.R. Natarajan, G. Neamati, N. Negoi, I. Negoi, R.I. Neupane, S. Newton, C.R.J. Ngunjiri, J.W. Nguyen, A.Q. Nguyen, H.T. Nguyen, H.L.T. Nguyen, H.T. Nguyen, L.H. Nguyen, M. Nguyen, N.B. Nguyen, S.H. Nichols, E. Ningrum, D.N.A. Nixon, M.R. Nolutshungu, N. Nomura, S. Norheim, O.F. Noroozi, M. Norrving, B. Noubiap, J.J. Nouri, H.R. Nourollahpour Shiadeh, M. Nowroozi, M.R. Nsoesie, E.O. Nyasulu, P.S. Odell, C.M. Ofori-Asenso, R. Ogbo, F.A. Oh, I.-H. Oladimeji, O. Olagunju, A.T. Olagunju, T.O. Olivares, P.R. Olsen, H.E. Olusanya, B.O. Ong, K.L. Ong, S.K. Oren, E. Ortiz, A. Ota, E. Otstavnov, S.S. øverland, S. Owolabi, M.O. Mahesh, P.A. Pacella, R. Pakpour, A.H. Pana, A. Panda-Jonas, S. Parisi, A. Park, E.-K. 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Safdarian, M. Safi, S. Safiri, S. Sagar, R. Sahebkar, A. Sahraian, M.A. Sajadi, H.S. Salam, N. Salama, J.S. Salamati, P. Saleem, K. Saleem, Z. Salimi, Y. Salomon, J.A. Salvi, S.S. Salz, I. Samy, A.M. Sanabria, J. Sang, Y. Santomauro, D.F. Santos, I.S. Santos, J.V. Santric Milicevic, M.M. Sao Jose, B.P. Sardana, M. Sarker, A.R. Sarrafzadegan, N. Sartorius, B. Sarvi, S. Sathian, B. Satpathy, M. Sawant, A.R. Sawhney, M. Saxena, S. Saylan, M. Schaeffner, E. Schmidt, M.I. Schneider, I.J.C. Schöttker, B. Schwebel, D.C. Schwendicke, F. Scott, J.G. Sekerija, M. Sepanlou, S.G. Serván-Mori, E. Seyedmousavi, S. Shabaninejad, H. Shafieesabet, A. Shahbazi, M. Shaheen, A.A. Shaikh, M.A. Shams-Beyranvand, M. Shamsi, M. Shamsizadeh, M. Sharafi, H. Sharafi, K. Sharif, M. Sharif-Alhoseini, M. Sharma, M. Sharma, R. She, J. Sheikh, A. Shi, P. Shibuya, K. Shigematsu, M. Shiri, R. Shirkoohi, R. Shishani, K. Shiue, I. Shokraneh, F. Shoman, H. Shrime, M.G. Si, S. Siabani, S. Siddiqi, T.J. Sigfusdottir, I.D. 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Troeger, C.E. Truelsen, T.C. Tsilimbaris, M.K. Tsoi, D. Tudor Car, L. Tuzcu, E.M. Ukwaja, K.N. Ullah, I. Undurraga, E.A. Unutzer, J. Updike, R.L. Usman, M.S. Uthman, O.A. Vaduganathan, M. Vaezi, A. Valdez, P.R. Varughese, S. Vasankari, T.J. Venketasubramanian, N. Villafaina, S. Violante, F.S. Vladimirov, S.K. Vlassov, V. Vollset, S.E. Vosoughi, K. Vujcic, I.S. Wagnew, F.S. Waheed, Y. Waller, S.G. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.-P. Weiderpass, E. Weintraub, R.G. Weiss, D.J. Weldegebreal, F. Weldegwergs, K.G. Werdecker, A. West, T.E. Whiteford, H.A. Widecka, J. Wijeratne, T. Wilner, L.B. Wilson, S. Winkler, A.S. Wiyeh, A.B. Wiysonge, C.S. Wolfe, C.D.A. Woolf, A.D. Wu, S. Wu, Y.-C. Wyper, G.M.A. Xavier, D. Xu, G. Yadgir, S. Yadollahpour, A. Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S.H. Yamada, T. Yan, L.L. Yano, Y. Yaseri, M. Yasin, Y.J. Yeshaneh, A. Yimer, E.M. Yip, P. Yisma, E. Yonemoto, N. Yoon, S.-J. Yotebieng, M. Younis, M.Z. Yousefifard, M. Yu, C. Zadnik, V. Zaidi, Z. Zaman, S.B. Zamani, M. Zare, Z. Zeleke, A.J. Zenebe, Z.M. Zhang, K. Zhao, Z. Zhou, M. Zodpey, S. Zucker, I. Vos, T. Murray, C.J.L. GBD 2017 Disease Injury Incidence Prevalence Collaborators
- Abstract
Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data. Methods: We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting. Findings: Globally, for females, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias in both 1990 and 2017. For males, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and tuberculosis including latent tuberculosis infection in both 1990 and 2017. In terms of YLDs, low back pain, headache disorders, and dietary iron deficiency were the leading Level 3 causes of YLD counts in 1990, whereas low back pain, headache disorders, and depressive disorders were the leading causes in 2017 for both sexes combined. All-cause age-standardised YLD rates decreased by 3·9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·1-4·6) from 1990 to 2017; however, the all-age YLD rate increased by 7·2% (6·0-8·4) while the total sum of global YLDs increased from 562 million (421-723) to 853 million (642-1100). The increases for males and females were similar, with increases in all-age YLD rates of 7·9% (6·6-9·2) for males and 6·5% (5·4-7·7) for females. We found significant differences between males and females in terms of age-standardised prevalence estimates for multiple causes. The causes with the greatest relative differences between sexes in 2017 included substance use disorders (3018 cases [95% UI 2782-3252] per 100 000 in males vs 1400 [1279-1524] per 100 000 in females), transport injuries (3322 [3082-3583] vs 2336 [2154-2535]), and self-harm and interpersonal violence (3265 [2943-3630] vs 5643 [5057-6302]). Interpretation: Global all-cause age-standardised YLD rates have improved only slightly over a period spanning nearly three decades. However, the magnitude of the non-fatal disease burden has expanded globally, with increasing numbers of people who have a wide spectrum of conditions. A subset of conditions has remained globally pervasive since 1990, whereas other conditions have displayed more dynamic trends, with different ages, sexes, and geographies across the globe experiencing varying burdens and trends of health loss. This study emphasises how global improvements in premature mortality for select conditions have led to older populations with complex and potentially expensive diseases, yet also highlights global achievements in certain domains of disease and injury. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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- 2018
32. Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years
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Afshin A, Forouzanfar M, Reitsma M, Sur P, Estep K, Lee A, Marczak L, Mokdad A, Moradi-Lakeh M, Naghavi M, Salama J, Vos T, Abate K, Abbafati C, Ahmed M, Al-Aly Z, Alkerwi A, Al-Raddadi R, Amare A, Amberbir A, Amegah A, Amini E, Amrock S, Anjana R, Arnlov J, Asayesh H, Banerjee A, Barac A, Baye E, Bennett D, Beyene A, Biadgilign S, Biryukov S, Bjertness E, Boneya D, Campos-Nonato I, Carrero J, Cecilio P, Cercy K, Ciobanu L, Cornaby L, Damtew S, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dharmaratne S, Duncan B, Eshrati B, Esteghamati A, Feigin V, Fernandes J, Furst T, Gebrehiwot T, Gold A, Gona P, Goto A, Habtewold T, Hadush K, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hay S, Horino M, Islami F, Kamal R, Kasaeian A, Katikireddi S, Kengne A, Kesavachandran C, Khader Y, Khang Y, Khubchandani J, Kim D, Kim Y, Kinfu Y, Kosen S, Ku T, Defo B, Kumar G, Larson H, Leinsalu M, Liang X, Lim S, Liu P, Lopez A, Lozano R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta D, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, McGarvey S, Mengistu D, Mensah G, Mensink G, Mezgebe H, Mirrakhimov E, Mueller U, Noubiap J, Obermeyer C, Ogbo F, Owolabi M, Patton G, Pourmalek F, Qorbani M, Rafay A, Rai R, Ranabhat C, Reinig N, Safiri S, Salomon J, Sanabria J, Santos I, Sartorius B, Sawhney M, Schmidhuber J, Schutte A, Schmidt M, Sepanlou S, Shamsizadeh M, Sheikhbahaei S, Shin M, Shiri R, Shiue I, Roba H, Silva D, Silverberg J, Singh J, Stranges S, Swaminathan S, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Tadese F, Tedla B, Tegegne B, Terkawi A, Thakur J, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja K, Uthman O, Vaezghasemi M, Vasankari T, Vlassov V, Vollset S, Weiderpass E, Werdecker A, Wesana J, Westerman R, Yano Y, Yonemoto N, Yonga G, Zaidi Z, Zenebe Z, Zipkin B, Murray C, and GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although the rising pandemic of obesity has received major attention in many countries, the effects of this attention on trends and the disease burden of obesity remain uncertain. METHODS: We analyzed data from 68.5 million persons to assess the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adults between 1980 and 2015. Using the Global Burden of Disease study data and methods, we also quantified the burden of disease related to high body-mass index (BMI), according to age, sex, cause, and BMI in 195 countries between 1990 and 2015. RESULTS: In 2015, a total of 107.7 million children and 603.7 million adults were obese. Since 1980, the prevalence of obesity has doubled in more than 70 countries and has continuously increased in most other countries. Although the prevalence of obesity among children has been lower than that among adults, the rate of increase in childhood obesity in many countries has been greater than the rate of increase in adult obesity. High BMI accounted for 4.0 million deaths globally, nearly 40% of which occurred in persons who were not obese. More than two thirds of deaths related to high BMI were due to cardiovascular disease. The disease burden related to high BMI has increased since 1990; however, the rate of this increase has been attenuated owing to decreases in underlying rates of death from cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS: The rapid increase in the prevalence and disease burden of elevated BMI highlights the need for continued focus on surveillance of BMI and identification, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions to address this problem. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.).
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33. Child and Adolescent Health From 1990 to 2015: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2015 Study
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Global Burden of Disease Child and Adolescent Health Collaboration, Kassebaum N, Kyu HH, Zoeckler L, Olsen HE, Thomas K, Pinho C, Bhutta ZA, Dandona L, Ferrari A, Ghiwot TT, Hay SI, Kinfu Y, Liang X, Lopez A, Malta DC, Mokdad AH, Naghavi M, Patton GC, Salomon J, Sartorius B, Topor-Madry R, Vollset SE, Werdecker A, Whiteford HA, Abate KH, Abbas K, Damtew SA, Ahmed MB, Akseer N, Al-Raddadi R, Alemayohu MA, Altirkawi K, Abajobir AA, Amare AT, Antonio CAT, Arnlov J, Artaman A, Asayesh H, Avokpaho EFGA, Awasthi A, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Bacha U, Betsu BD, Barac A, Bärnighausen TW, Baye E, Bedi N, Bensenor IM, Berhane A, Bernabe E, Bernal OA, Beyene AS, Biadgilign S, Bikbov B, Boyce CA, Brazinova A, Hailu GB, Carter A, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Catalá-López F, Charlson FJ, Chitheer AA, Choi JJ, Ciobanu LG, Crump J, Dandona R, Dellavalle RP, Deribew A, deVeber G, Dicker D, Ding EL, Dubey M, Endries AY, Erskine HE, Faraon EJA, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fernandes JC, Fijabi DO, Fitzmaurice C, Fleming TD, Flor LS, Foreman KJ, Franklin RC, Fraser MS, Frostad JJ, Fullman N, Gebregergs GB, Gebru AA, Geleijnse JM, Gibney KB, Gidey Yihdego M, Ginawi IAM, Gishu MD, Gizachew TA, Glaser E, Gold AL, Goldberg E, Gona P, Goto A, Gugnani HC, Jiang G, Gupta R, Tesfay FH, Hankey GJ, Havmoeller R, Hijar M, Horino M, Hosgood HD, Hu G, Jacobsen KH, Jakovljevic MB, Jayaraman SP, Jha V, Jibat T, Johnson CO, Jonas J, Kasaeian A, Kawakami N, Keiyoro PN, Khalil I, Khang YH, Khubchandani J, Ahmad Kiadaliri AA, Kieling C, Kim D, Kissoon N, Knibbs LD, Koyanagi A, Krohn KJ, Kuate Defo B, Kucuk Bicer B, Kulikoff R, Kumar GA, Lal DK, Lam HY, Larson HJ, Larsson A, Laryea DO, Leung J, Lim SS, Lo LT, Lo WD, Looker KJ, Lotufo PA, Magdy Abd El Razek H, Malekzadeh R, Markos Shifti D, Mazidi M, Meaney PA, Meles KG, Memiah P, Mendoza W, Abera Mengistie M, Mengistu GW, Mensah GA, Miller TR, Mock C, Mohammadi A, Mohammed S, Monasta L, Mueller U, Nagata C, Naheed A, Nguyen G, Nguyen QL, Nsoesie E, Oh IH, Okoro A, Olusanya JO, Olusanya BO, Ortiz A, Paudel D, Pereira DM, Perico N, Petzold M, Phillips MR, Polanczyk GV, Pourmalek F, Qorbani M, Rafay A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rai RK, Ram U, Rankin Z, Remuzzi G, Renzaho AMN, Roba HS, Rojas-Rueda D, Ronfani L, Sagar R, Sanabria JR, Kedir Mohammed MS, Santos IS, Satpathy M, Sawhney M, Schöttker B, Schwebel DC, Scott JG, Sepanlou SG, Shaheen A, Shaikh MA, She J, Shiri R, Shiue I, Sigfusdottir ID, Singh J, Silpakit N, Smith A, Sreeramareddy C, Stanaway JD, Stein DJ, Steiner C, Sufiyan MB, Swaminathan S, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabb KM, Tadese F, Tavakkoli M, Taye B, Teeple S, Tegegne TK, Temam Shifa G, Terkawi AS, Thomas B, Thomson AJ, Tobe-Gai R, Tonelli M, Tran BX, Troeger C, Ukwaja KN, Uthman O, Vasankari T, Venketasubramanian N, Vlassov VV, Weiderpass E, Weintraub R, Gebrehiwot SW, Westerman R, Williams HC, Wolfe CDA, Woodbrook R, Yano Y, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Younis MZ, Yu C, Zaki MES, Zegeye EA, Zuhlke LJ, Murray CJL, and Vos T
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Male ,Adolescent ,G300 ,L500 ,Adolescent Health ,Age Factors ,Child Health ,Correction ,Global Health ,Disabled Children ,Global Burden of Disease ,Pregnancy Complications ,Sex Factors ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,Cause of Death ,Child Mortality ,Humans ,Wounds and Injuries ,Female ,Child - Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Comprehensive and timely monitoring of disease burden in all age groups, including children and adolescents, is essential for improving population health. OBJECTIVE: To quantify and describe levels and trends of mortality and nonfatal health outcomes among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2015 to provide a framework for policy discussion. EVIDENCE REVIEW: Cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes were analyzed for 195 countries and territories by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2015 using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling, with subsequent analysis of the findings to describe levels and trends across geography and time among children and adolescents 19 years or younger. A composite indicator of income, education, and fertility was developed (Socio-demographic Index [SDI]) for each geographic unit and year, which evaluates the historical association between SDI and health loss. FINDINGS: Global child and adolescent mortality decreased from 14.18 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 14.09 million to 14.28 million) deaths in 1990 to 7.26 million (95% UI, 7.14 million to 7.39 million) deaths in 2015, but progress has been unevenly distributed. Countries with a lower SDI had a larger proportion of mortality burden (75%) in 2015 than was the case in 1990 (61%). Most deaths in 2015 occurred in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Global trends were driven by reductions in mortality owing to infectious, nutritional, and neonatal disorders, which in the aggregate led to a relative increase in the importance of noncommunicable diseases and injuries in explaining global disease burden. The absolute burden of disability in children and adolescents increased 4.3% (95% UI, 3.1%-5.6%) from 1990 to 2015, with much of the increase owing to population growth and improved survival for children and adolescents to older ages. Other than infectious conditions, many top causes of disability are associated with long-term sequelae of conditions present at birth (eg, neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, and hemoglobinopathies) and complications of a variety of infections and nutritional deficiencies. Anemia, developmental intellectual disability, hearing loss, epilepsy, and vision loss are important contributors to childhood disability that can arise from multiple causes. Maternal and reproductive health remains a key cause of disease burden in adolescent females, especially in lower-SDI countries. In low-SDI countries, mortality is the primary driver of health loss for children and adolescents, whereas disability predominates in higher-SDI locations; the specific pattern of epidemiological transition varies across diseases and injuries. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Consistent international attention and investment have led to sustained improvements in causes of health loss among children and adolescents in many countries, although progress has been uneven. The persistence of infectious diseases in some countries, coupled with ongoing epidemiologic transition to injuries and noncommunicable diseases, require all countries to carefully evaluate and implement appropriate strategies to maximize the health of their children and adolescents and for the international community to carefully consider which elements of child and adolescent health should be monitored.
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- 2017
34. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 32 cancer groups, 1990 to 2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration
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Fitzmaurice, C., Pourmalek, F., Lunevicius, R., Campos-Nonato, I., Khang, Y.-H., Jee, S.H., Rana, S.M., Sufiyan, M.B., Kedir, M.S., Khader, Y.S., Marcenes, W., Meles, K.G., Bensenor, I., Ding, E., Cowie, B., Leigh, J., Zaidi, Z., Melaku, Y.A., Sanabria, J.R., Oladimeji, K.E., James, S., Al-Raddadi, R., Kutz, M., Sartorius, B., Saleem, H.B., Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration, Das Neves, J., Dicker, D.J., Husseini, A., Schwartz, S.M., Søreide, K., Ghiwot, T.T., Nagel, G., Nolte, S., Hailu, A., Pa, M., Wang, H., Kasaeian, A., Alabed, S., Zenebe, Z.M., Fernandes, J., Nand, D., Javanbakht, M., Weiderpass, E., Plass, D., Fleming, T., Oren, E., Sepanlou, S.G., Thakur, J.S., Linn, S., Yonemoto, N., Hay, R.J., Bedi, N., Ukwaja, K.N., Chimed-Orchir, O., Brenner, H., Sandar, L., Dhillon, P., Mohammadi, A., Shiue, I., Zeeb, H., Allen, C., Sykes, B.L., Tadese, F., Ahmed, M.B., Ali, R., Alem, G., Malta, D.C., Lan, Q., Westerman, R., Boneya, D., Wagner, J.A., Amoako, Y., Marquez, N., Larson, H.J., Khubchandani, J., Tessema, G.A., Alemayohu, M.A., Ekwueme, D., Chiang, P., Vollset, S.E., Asayesh, H., Fischer, F., Shore, H.R., Naghavi, M., Hancock, J., Catalá-López, F., Stroumpoulis, K., Barber, R.M., Satpathy, M., Zaki, M.E.S., Atnafu, N., Farvid, M., Shaikh, M.A., Zoeckler, L., Liang, X., Yebyo, H.G., Lim, S.S., Chudi Uzochukwu, B.S., Dharmaratne, S., Castañeda-Orjuela, C., Takahashi, K., Sawhney, M., Abd-Allah, F., Shackelford, K.A., Malekzadeh, R., Steiner, C., Driscoll, T., Hosgood, H.D., Dandona, R., Lopez, A.D., Shrime, M.G., Yu, C., Aldhahri, S.F., Sun, J., Qorbani, M., Vlassov, V.V., Chibueze, C., Huynh, C., Horino, M., Yimam, H.H., Stanaway, J., Ogbo, F.A., Dandona, L., El Razek, H.M.A., Huybrechts, I., Pereira, D.M., Younis, M.Z., Pinho, C., Damtew, S., Salomon, J.A., Bernabé, E., Berhane, A., Forouzanfar, M.H., Awasthi, A., Gopalani, S., Murray, C.J.L., Jakovljevic, M., She, J., Horita, N., MacIntyre, M.F., Stathopoulou, V., Barregard, L., Betsu, B., Dey, S., Bhutta, Z.A., Endries, A.Y., Shibuya, K., Tran, B.X., Mohammad, K.A., Barac, A., Miller, T.R., Radfar, A., Gebru, A., Islami, F., Chitheer, A., Kumar, G.A., Rahman, M., Markos, D., Park, E.-K., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Mohammed, S., Soneji, S., Mendoza, W., Amare, A., Tedla, B.A., Wubshet Terefe, M., Farzadfar, F., Vos, T., Artaman, A., So, S., Mengiste, D.T., Le Nguyen, Q., Choi, J.-Y., Binagwaho, A., Rafay, A., Mokdad, A.H., Kim, D., Marczak, L., Johnson, C.O., Alam, N.K., Meretoja, T.J., Inoue, M., Hunter-Merrill, R., Jonas, J.B., and Tabarés-Seisdedos, R.
- Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Current estimates on the burden of cancer are needed for cancer control planning. OBJECTIVE: To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 32 cancers in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. EVIDENCE REVIEW: Cancer mortality was estimated using vital registration system data, cancer registry incidence data (transformed to mortality estimates using separately estimated mortality to incidence [MI] ratios), and verbal autopsy data. Cancer incidence was calculated by dividing mortality estimates through the modeled MI ratios. To calculate cancer prevalence, MI ratios were used to model survival. To calculate YLDs, prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights. The YLLs were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the reference life expectancy. DALYs were estimated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Countries were categorized by SDI quintiles to summarize results. FINDINGS: In 2015, there were 17.5 million cancer cases worldwide and 8.7 million deaths. Between 2005 and 2015, cancer cases increased by 33%, with population aging contributing 16%, population growth 13%, and changes in age-specific rates contributing 4%. For men, the most common cancer globally was prostate cancer (1.6 million cases). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs in men (1.2 million deaths and 25.9 million DALYs). For women, the most common cancer was breast cancer (2.4 million cases). Breast cancer was also the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs for women (523 000 deaths and 15.1 million DALYs). Overall, cancer caused 208.3 million DALYs worldwide in 2015 for both sexes combined. Between 2005 and 2015, age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined increased in 174 of 195 countries or territories. Age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) for all cancers combined decreased within that timeframe in 140 of 195 countries or territories. Countries with an increase in the ASDR due to all cancers were largely located on the African continent. Of all cancers, deaths between 2005 and 2015 decreased significantly for Hodgkin lymphoma (-6.1% [95% uncertainty interval (UI), -10.6% to -1.3%]). The number of deaths also decreased for esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia, although these results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: As part of the epidemiological transition, cancer incidence is expected to increase in the future, further straining limited health care resources. Appropriate allocation of resources for cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and curative and palliative care requires detailed knowledge of the local burden of cancer. The GBD 2015 study results demonstrate that progress is possible in the war against cancer. However, the major findings also highlight an unmet need for cancer prevention efforts, including tobacco control, vaccination, and the promotion of physical activity and a healthy diet.
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35. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
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Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration, Fitzmaurice C, Allen C, Barber RM, Barregard L, Bhutta ZA, Brenner H, Dicker DJ, Chimed-Orchir O, Dandona R, Dandona L, Fleming T, Forouzanfar MH, Hancock J, Hay RJ, Hunter-Merrill R, Huynh C, Hosgood HD, Johnson CO, Jonas JB, Khubchandani J, Kumar GA, Kutz M, Lan Q, Larson HJ, Liang X, Lim SS, Lopez AD, MacIntyre MF, Marczak L, Marquez N, Mokdad AH, Pinho C, Pourmalek F, Salomon JA, Sanabria JR, Sandar L, Sartorius B, Schwartz SM, Shackelford KA, Shibuya K, Stanaway J, Steiner C, Sun J, Takahashi K, Vollset SE, Vos T, Wagner JA, Wang H, Westerman R, Zeeb H, Zoeckler L, Abd-Allah F, Ahmed MB, Alabed S, Alam NK, Aldhahri SF, Alem G, Alemayohu MA, Ali R, Al-Raddadi R, Amare A, Amoako Y, Artaman A, Asayesh H, Atnafu N, Awasthi A, Saleem HB, Barac A, Bedi N, Bensenor I, Berhane A, Bernabé E, Betsu B, Binagwaho A, Boneya D, Campos-Nonato I, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Catalá-López F, Chiang P, Chibueze C, Chitheer A, Choi JY, Cowie B, Damtew S, das Neves J, Dey S, Dharmaratne S, Dhillon P, Ding E, Driscoll T, Ekwueme D, Endries AY, Farvid M, Farzadfar F, Fernandes J, Fischer F, G/Hiwot TT, Gebru A, Gopalani S, Hailu A, Horino M, Horita N, Husseini A, Huybrechts I, Inoue M, Islami F, Jakovljevic M, James S, Javanbakht M, Jee SH, Kasaeian A, Kedir MS, Khader YS, Khang YH, Kim D, Leigh J, Linn S, Lunevicius R, El Razek HMA, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Marcenes W, Markos D, Melaku YA, Meles KG, Mendoza W, Mengiste DT, Meretoja TJ, Miller TR, Mohammad KA, Mohammadi A, Mohammed S, Moradi-Lakeh M, Nagel G, Nand D, Le Nguyen Q, Nolte S, Ogbo FA, Oladimeji KE, Oren E, Pa M, Park EK, Pereira DM, Plass D, Qorbani M, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rahman M, Rana SM, Søreide K, Satpathy M, Sawhney M, Sepanlou SG, Shaikh MA, She J, Shiue I, Shore HR, Shrime MG, So S, Soneji S, Stathopoulou V, Stroumpoulis K, Sufiyan MB, Sykes BL, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tadese F, Tedla BA, Tessema GA, Thakur JS, Tran BX, Ukwaja KN, Uzochukwu BSC, Vlassov VV, Weiderpass E, Wubshet Terefe M, Yebyo HG, Yimam HH, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yu C, Zaidi Z, Zaki MES, Zenebe ZM, Murray CJL, and Naghavi M
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- 2017
36. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
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Vos, T, Barber, Rm, Bell, B, Bertozzi Villa, A, Biryukov, S, Bolliger, I, Charlson, F, Davis, A, Degenhardt, L, Dicker, D, Duan, L, Erskine, H, Feigin, Vl, Ferrari, Aj, Fitzmaurice, C, Fleming, T, Graetz, N, Guinovart, C, Haagsma, J, Hansen, Gm, Hanson, Sw, Heuton, Kr, Higashi, H, Kassebaum, N, Kyu, H, Laurie, E, Liang, X, Lofgren, K, Lozano, R, Macintyre, Mf, Moradi Lakeh, M, Naghavi, M, Nguyen, G, Odell, S, Ortblad, K, Roberts, Da, Roth, Ga, Sandar, L, Serina, Pt, Stanaway, Jd, Steiner, C, Thomas, B, Vollset, Se, Whiteford, H, Wolock, Tm, Ye, P, Zhou, M, Ãvila, Ma, Aasvang, Gm, Abbafati, C, Abbasoglu, Ozgoren, A, Abd Allah, F, Abdel, Aziz, Abera, Sf, Aboyans, V, Abraham, Jp, Abraham, B, Abubakar, I, Abu Raddad, Lj, Abu Rmeileh, Nm, Aburto, Tc, Achoki, T, Ackerman, In, Adelekan, A, Ademi, Z, Adou, Ak, Adsuar, Jc, Arnlov, J, Agardh, Ee, Khabouri, Al, Alam, Ss, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, Mi, Alegretti, Ma, Aleman, Av, Alemu, Za, Alfonso Cristancho, R, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, Pj, Almazroa, Ma, Alsharif, U, Alvarez, E, Alvis, Guzman, Ameli, N, O, Amini, H, Ammar, W, Anderson, Bo, Anderson, Hr, Antonio, Ca, Anwari, P, Apfel, H, Arsenijevic, Vs, Artaman, A, Asghar, Rj, Assadi, R, Atkins, Ls, Atkinson, C, Badawi, A, Bahit, Mc, Bakfalouni, T, Balakrishnan, K, Balalla, S, Banerjee, A, Barker Collo, Sl, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero, Lh, Basu, S, Basu, A, Baxter, A, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekele, T, Bell, Ml, Benjet, C, Bennett, Da, Bensenor, Im, Benzian, H, Bernabe, E, Beyene, Tj, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhutta, Z, Bienhoff, K, Bikbov, B, Bin, Abdulhak, Blore, Jd, Blyth, Fm, Bohensky, Ma, Bora, Basara, B, Borges, G, Bornstein, Nm, Bose, D, Boufous, S, Bourne, Rr, Boyers, Ln, Brainin, M, Brauer, M, Brayne, Ce, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, Nj, Brenner, H, Briggs, Ad, Brooks, Pm, Brown, J, Brugha, Ts, Buchbinder, R, Buckle, Gc, Bukhman, G, Bulloch, Ag, Burch, M, Burnett, R, Cardenas, R, Cabral, Nl, Campos, Nonato, Campuzano, Ir, Carapetis, Jc, Carpenter, Do, Caso, V, Castaneda Orjuela, Ca, Catala Lopez, F, Chadha, Vk, Chang, Jc, Chen, H, Chen, W, Chiang, Pp, Chimed Ochir, O, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, H, Christophi, Ca, Chugh, Ss, Cirillo, Massimo, Coggeshall, M, Cohen, A, Colistro, V, Colquhoun, Sm, Contreras, Ag, Cooper, Lt, Cooper, C, Cooperrider, K, Coresh, J, Cortinovis, M, Criqui, Mh, Crump, Ja, Cuevas Nasu, L, Dandona, R, Dandona, L, Dansereau, E, Dantes, Hg, Dargan, Pi, Davey, G, Davitoiu, Dv, Dayama, A, La, De, Cruz, Gongora, De, V, Vega, La, De, Sf, Leo, D, Del, Pozo, Cruz, Dellavalle, Rp, Deribe, K, Derrett, S, Des, Jarlais, Dessalegn, M, Deveber, Ga, Dharmaratne, Sd, Diaz Torne, C, Ding, El, Dokova, K, Dorsey, Er, Driscoll, Tr, Duber, H, Durrani, Am, Edmond, Km, Ellenbogen, Rg, Endres, M, Ermakov, Sp, Eshrati, B, Esteghamati, A, Estep, K, Fahimi, S, Farzadfar, F, Fay, Df, Felson, Dt, Fereshtehnejad, Sm, Fernandes, Jg, Ferri, Cp, Flaxman, A, Foigt, N, Foreman, Kj, Fowkes, Fg, Franklin, Rc, Furst, T, Futran, Nd, Gabbe, Bj, Gankpe, Fg, Garcia, Guerra, Geleijnse, Fa, Gessner, Bd, Gibney, Kb, Gillum, Rf, Ginawi, Ia, Giroud, M, Giussani, G, Goenka, S, Goginashvili, K, Gona, P, Gonzalez, De, Cosio, T, Gosselin, Ra, Gotay, Cc, Goto, A, Gouda, Hn, Guerrant, Rl, Gugnani, Hc, Gunnell, D, Gupta, R, Gutierrez, Ra, Hafezi Nejad, N, Hagan, H, Halasa, Y, Hamadeh, Rr, Hamavid, H, Hammami, M, Hankey, Gj, Hao, Y, Harb, Hl, Haro, Jm, Havmoeller, R, Hay, Rj, Hay, S, Hedayati, Mt, Heredia, Pi, Heydarpour, P, Hijar, M, Hoek, Hw, Hoffman, Hj, Hornberger, Jc, Hosgood, Hd, Hossain, M, Hotez, Pj, Hoy, Dg, Hsairi, M, Hu, H, Hu, G, Huang, Jj, Huang, C, Huiart, L, Husseini, A, Iannarone, M, Iburg, Km, Innos, K, Inoue, M, Jacobsen, Kh, Jassal, Sk, Jeemon, P, Jensen, Pn, Jha, V, Jiang, G, Jiang, Y, Jonas, Jb, Joseph, J, Juel, K, Kan, H, Karch, A, Karimkhani, C, Karthikeyan, G, Katz, R, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kazi, Ds, Kemp, Ah, Kengne, Ap, Khader, Ys, Khalifa, Se, Khan, Ea, Khan, G, Khang, Yh, Khonelidze, I, Kieling, C, Kim, D, Kim, S, Kimokoti, Rw, Kinfu, Y, Kinge, Jm, Kissela, Bm, Kivipelto, M, Knibbs, L, Knudsen, Ak, Kokubo, Y, Kosen, S, Kramer, A, Kravchenko, M, Krishnamurthi, Rv, Krishnaswami, S, Kuate, Defo, Kucuk, B, Bicer, B, Kuipers, Ej, Kulkarni, Vs, Kumar, K, Kumar, Ga, Kwan, Gf, Lai, T, Lalloo, R, Lam, H, Lan, Q, Lansingh, Vc, Larson, H, Larsson, A, Lawrynowicz, Ae, Leasher, Jl, Lee, Jt, Leigh, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Li, B, Li, Y, Liang, J, Lim, S, Lin, Hh, Lind, M, Lindsay, Mp, Lipshultz, Se, Liu, S, Lloyd, Bk, Lockett, Ohno, S, Logroscino, G, Looker, Kj, Lopez, Ad, Lopez Olmedo, N, Lortet Tieulent, J, Lotufo, Pa, Low, N, Lucas, Rm, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, Ra, Ma, J, Ma, S, Mackay, Mt, Majdan, M, Malekzadeh, R, Mapoma, Cc, Marcenes, W, March, Lm, Margono, C, Marks, Gb, Marzan, Mb, Masci, Jr, Mason Jones, Aj, Matzopoulos, Rg, Mayosi, Bm, Mazorodze, Tt, Mcgill, Nw, Mcgrath, Jj, Mckee, M, Mclain, A, Mcmahon, Bj, Meaney, Pa, Mehndiratta, Mm, Mejia Rodriguez, F, Mekonnen, W, Melaku, Ya, Meltzer, M, Memish, Za, Mensah, G, Meretoja, A, Mhimbira, Fa, Micha, R, Miller, Tr, Mills, Ej, Mitchell, Pb, Mock, Cn, Moffitt, Te, Mohamed, Ibrahim, N, Mohammad, Ka, Mokdad, Ah, Mola, Gl, Monasta, L, Montico, M, Montine, Tj, Moore, Ar, Moran, Ae, Morawska, L, Mori, R, Moschandreas, J, Moturi, Wn, Moyer, M, Mozaffarian, D, Mueller, Uo, Mukaigawara, M, Murdoch, Me, Murray, J, Murthy, Ks, Naghavi, P, Nahas, Z, Naheed, A, Naidoo, Ks, Naldi, L, Nand, D, Nangia, V, Narayan, Km, Nash, D, Nejjari, C, Neupane, Sp, Newman, Lm, Newton, Cr, Ng, M, Ngalesoni, Fn, Nhung, Nt, Nisar, Mi, Nolte, S, Norheim, Of, Norman, Re, Norrving, B, Nyakarahuka, L, Ih, Oh, Ohkubo, T, Omer, Sb, Opio, Jn, Ortiz, A, Pandian, Jd, Panelo, Ci, Papachristou, C, Park, Ek, Parry, Cd, Caicedo, Aj, Patten, Sb, Paul, Vk, Pavlin, Bi, Pearce, N, Pedraza, Ls, Pellegrini, Ca, Pereira, Dm, Perez Ruiz, Fp, Perico, N, Pervaiz, A, Pesudovs, K, Peterson, Cb, Petzold, M, Phillips, Mr, Phillips, D, Phillips, B, Piel, Fb, Plass, D, Poenaru, D, Polanczyk, Gv, Polinder, S, Pope, Ca, Popova, S, Poulton, Rg, Pourmalek, F, Prabhakaran, D, Prasad, Nm, Qato, D, Quistberg, Da, Rafay, A, Rahimi, K, Rahimi Movaghar, V, Rahman, Su, Raju, M, Rakovac, I, Rana, Sm, Razavi, H, Refaat, A, Rehm, J, Remuzzi, G, Resnikoff, S, Ribeiro, Al, Riccio, Pm, Richardson, L, Richardus, Jh, Riederer, Am, Robinson, M, Roca, A, Rodriguez, A, Rojas Rueda, D, Ronfani, L, Rothenbacher, D, Roy, N, Ruhago, Gm, Sabin, N, Sacco, Rl, Ksoreide, K, Saha, S, Sahathevan, R, Sahraian, Ma, Sampson, U, Sanabria, Jr, Sanchez Riera, L, Santos, Is, Satpathy, M, Saunders, Je, Sawhney, M, Saylan, Mi, Scarborough, P, Schoettker, B, Schneider, Ij, Schwebel, Dc, Scott, Jg, Seedat, S, Sepanlou, Sg, Serdar, B, Servan Mori, Ee, Shackelford, K, Shaheen, A, Shahraz, S, Shamah, Levy, T, Shangguan, S, She, J, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shepard, Ds, Shi, P, Shibuya, K, Shinohara, Y, Shiri, R, Shishani, K, Shiue, I, Shrime, Mg, Sigfusdottir, Id, Silberberg, Dh, Simard, Ep, Sindi, S, Singh, Ja, Singh, L, Skirbekk, V, Sliwa, K, Soljak, M, Soneji, S, Soshnikov, Ss, Speyer, P, Sposato, La, Sreeramareddy, Ct, Stoeckl, H, Stathopoulou, Vk, Steckling, N, Stein, Mb, Stein, Dj, Steiner, Tj, Stewart, A, Stork, E, Stovner, Lj, Stroumpoulis, K, Sturua, L, Sunguya, Bf, Swaroop, M, Sykes, Bl, Tabb, Km, Takahashi, K, Tan, F, Tandon, N, Tanne, D, Tanner, M, Tavakkoli, M, Taylor, Hr, Ao, Te, Temesgen, Am, Ten, Have, M, Tenkorang, Ey, Terkawi, As, Theadom, Am, Thomas, E, Thorne Lyman, Al, Thrift, Ag, Tleyjeh, Im, Tonelli, M, Topouzis, F, Towbin, Ja, Toyoshima, H, Traebert, J, Tran, Bx, Trasande, L, Trillini, M, Truelsen, T, Trujillo, U, Tsilimbaris, M, Tuzcu, Em, Ukwaja, Kn, Undurraga, Ea, Uzun, Sb, Van, Brakel, Van, Wh, Vijver, De, Van, S, Dingenen, R, Van, Gool, Varakin, Yy, Vasankari, Tj, Vavilala, Ms, Veerman, Lj, Velasquez, Melendez, G, Venketasubramanian, N, Vijayakumar, L, Villalpando, S, Violante, Fs, Vlassov, Vv, Waller, S, Wallin, Mt, Wan, X, Wang, L, Wang, J, Wang, Y, Warouw, Ts, Weichenthal, S, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, Rg, Werdecker, A, Wessells, Kr, Westerman, R, Wilkinson, Jd, Williams, Hc, Williams, Tn, Woldeyohannes, Sm, Wolfe, Cd, Wong, Jq, Wong, H, Woolf, Ad, Wright, Jl, Wurtz, B, Xu, G, Yang, G, Yano, Y, Yenesew, Ma, Yentur, Gk, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, Sj, Younis, M, Yu, C, Kim, Ky, Zaki, Mel, Zhang, Y, Zhao, Z, Zhao, Y, Zhu, J, Zonies, D, Zunt, Jr, Salomon, Ja, Murray, C. J., Vos, T, Barber, Rm, Bell, B, Bertozzi-Villa, A, Biryukov, S, Bolliger, I, Charlson, F, Davis, A, Degenhardt, L, Dicker, D, Duan, L, Erskine, H, Feigin, Vl, Ferrari, Aj, Fitzmaurice, C, Fleming, T, Graetz, N, Guinovart, C, Haagsma, J, Hansen, Gm, Hanson, Sw, Heuton, Kr, Higashi, H, Kassebaum, N, Kyu, H, Laurie ELiang, X, Lofgren, K, Lozano, R, Macintyre, Mf, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Naghavi, M, Nguyen, G, Odell, S, Ortblad, K, Roberts, Da, Roth, Ga, Sandar, L, Serina, Pt, Stanaway, Jd, Steiner, C, Thomas, B, Vollset, Se, Whiteford, H, Wolock, Tm, Ye, P, Zhou, M, Ãvila, Ma, Aasvang, Gm, Abbafati, C, Abbasoglu Ozgoren, A, Abd-Allah, F, Abdel Aziz MI, Abera, Sf, Aboyans, V, Abraham, Jp, Abraham, B, Abubakar, I, Abu-Raddad, Lj, Abu-Rmeileh, Nm, Aburto, Tc, Achoki TAckerman IN, Adelekan, A, Ademi, Z, Adou, Ak, Adsuar, Jc, Arnlov, J, Agardh, Ee, Al Khabouri MJ, Alam, S, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, Mi, Alegretti MAAleman AV, Alemu, Za, Alfonso-Cristancho, R, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, Pj, Almazroa, Ma, Alsharif, U, Alvarez, E, Alvis-Guzman NAmeli, O, Amini, H, Ammar, W, Anderson, Bo, Anderson, Hr, Antonio, Ca, Anwari, P, Apfel, H, Arsenijevic, V, Artaman, A, Asghar, Rj, Assadi, R, Atkins, L, Atkinson, C, Badawi, A, Bahit, Mc, Bakfalouni, T, Balakrishnan, K, Balalla, S, Banerjee, A, Barker-Collo, Sl, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero LHBasu, S, Basu, A, Baxter, A, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekele, T, Bell, Ml, Benjet, C, Bennett, Da, Bensenor, Im, Benzian, H, Bernabe, E, Beyene TJBhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhutta, Z, Bienhoff, K, Bikbov, B, Bin Abdulhak, A, Blore, Jd, Blyth, Fm, Bohensky, Ma, Bora Basara, B, Borges, G, Bornstein, Nm, Bose, D, Boufous, S, Bourne, Rr, Boyers, Ln, Brainin, M, Brauer, M, Brayne, Ce, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, Nj, Brenner, H, Briggs, Ad, Brooks, Pm, Brown JBrugha TS, Buchbinder, R, Buckle, Gc, Bukhman, G, Bulloch, Ag, Burch, M, Burnett, R, Cardenas, R, Cabral, Nl, Campos Nonato IR, Campuzano JCCarapetis JR, Carpenter, Do, Caso, V, Castaneda-Orjuela, Ca, Catala-Lopez, F, Chadha, Vk, Chang, Jc, Chen, H, Chen, W, Chiang, Pp, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, H, Christophi, Ca, Chugh, S, Cirillo, M, Coggeshall, M, Cohen, A, Colistro, V, Colquhoun, Sm, Contreras, Ag, Cooper LTCooper, C, Cooperrider, K, Coresh, J, Cortinovis, M, Criqui, Mh, Crump, Ja, Cuevas-Nasu, L, Dandona, R, Dandona, L, Dansereau, E, Dantes, Hg, Dargan, Pi, Davey, G, Davitoiu, Dv, Dayama, A, De la Cruz-Gongora, V, de la Vega SF, De Leo, D, del Pozo-Cruz, B, Dellavalle, Rp, Deribe, K, Derrett, S, Des Jarlais DC, Dessalegn, M, Deveber, Ga, Dharmaratne, Sd, Diaz-Torne, C, Ding, El, Dokova, K, Dorsey, Er, Driscoll, Tr, Duber, H, Durrani, Am, Edmond, Km, Ellenbogen, Rg, Endres, M, Ermakov, Sp, Eshrati, B, Esteghamati, A, Estep, K, Fahimi, S, Farzadfar, F, Fay, Df, Felson, Dt, Fereshtehnejad SMFernandes JG, Ferri, Cp, Flaxman, A, Foigt, N, Foreman, Kj, Fowkes, Fg, Franklin, Rc, Furst, T, Futran, Nd, Gabbe, Bj, Gankpe, Fg, Garcia-Guerra FAGeleijnse JM, Gessner, Bd, Gibney, Kb, Gillum, Rf, Ginawi, Ia, Giroud, M, Giussani, G, Goenka, S, Goginashvili, K, Gona, P, Gonzalez de Cosio TGosselin RA, Gotay, Cc, Goto, A, Gouda, Hn, Guerrant, Rl, Gugnani, Hc, Gunnell, D, Gupta, R, Gutierrez, Ra, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hagan HHalasa, Y, Hamadeh, Rr, Hamavid, H, Hammami, M, Hankey, Gj, Hao, Y, Harb, Hl, Haro, Jm, Havmoeller, R, Hay, Rj, Hay, S, Hedayati, Mt, Heredia Pi IB, Heydarpour, P, Hijar, M, Hoek, Hw, Hoffman, Hj, Hornberger, Jc, Hosgood, Hd, Hossain, M, Hotez, Pj, Hoy, Dg, Hsairi, M, Hu, H, Hu, G, Huang JJHuang, C, Huiart, L, Husseini, A, Iannarone, M, Iburg, Km, Innos, K, Inoue, M, Jacobsen, Kh, Jassal, Sk, Jeemon, P, Jensen, Pn, Jha, V, Jiang, G, Jiang YJonas JB, Joseph, J, Juel, K, Kan, H, Karch, A, Karimkhani, C, Karthikeyan, G, Katz, R, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kazi, D, Kemp, Ah, Kengne, Ap, Khader, Y, Khalifa, Se, Khan, Ea, Khan, G, Khang, Yh, Khonelidze, I, Kieling, C, Kim, D, Kim, S, Kimokoti, Rw, Kinfu, Y, Kinge, Jm, Kissela, Bm, Kivipelto MKnibbs, L, Knudsen, Ak, Kokubo, Y, Kosen, S, Kramer, A, Kravchenko, M, Krishnamurthi, Rv, Krishnaswami, S, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kuipers EJKulkarni VS, Kumar, K, Kumar, Ga, Kwan, Gf, Lai, T, Lalloo, R, Lam, H, Lan, Q, Lansingh, Vc, Larson, H, Larsson, A, Lawrynowicz, Ae, Leasher, Jl, Lee, Jt, Leigh, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Li, B, Li, Y, Liang, J, Lim, S, Lin, Hh, Lind, M, Lindsay, Mp, Lipshultz, Se, Liu, S, Lloyd, Bk, Lockett Ohno, S, Logroscino, G, Looker, Kj, Lopez, Ad, Lopez-Olmedo, N, Lortet-Tieulent, J, Lotufo, Pa, Low, N, Lucas, Rm, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, Ra, Ma, J, Ma, S, Mackay MTMajdan, M, Malekzadeh, R, Mapoma, Cc, Marcenes, W, March, Lm, Margono, C, Marks, Gb, Marzan, Mb, Masci, Jr, Mason-Jones, Aj, Matzopoulos RGMayosi BM, Mazorodze, Tt, Mcgill, Nw, Mcgrath, Jj, Mckee, M, Mclain, A, Mcmahon, Bj, Meaney, Pa, Mehndiratta, Mm, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Mekonnen, W, Melaku, Ya, Meltzer, M, Memish, Za, Mensah, G, Meretoja, A, Mhimbira, Fa, Micha, R, Miller, Tr, Mills, Ej, Mitchell, Pb, Mock, Cn, Moffitt TEMohamed Ibrahim, N, Mohammad, Ka, Mokdad, Ah, Mola, Gl, Monasta, L, Montico, M, Montine, Tj, Moore, Ar, Moran, Ae, Morawska, L, Mori RMoschandreas, J, Moturi, Wn, Moyer, M, Mozaffarian, D, Mueller, Uo, Mukaigawara, M, Murdoch, Me, Murray, J, Murthy, K, Naghavi, P, Nahas ZNaheed, A, Naidoo, K, Naldi, L, Nand, D, Nangia, V, Narayan, Km, Nash, D, Nejjari, C, Neupane, Sp, Newman, Lm, Newton, Cr, Ng, M, Ngalesoni FNNhung NT, Nisar, Mi, Nolte, S, Norheim, Of, Norman, Re, Norrving, B, Nyakarahuka, L, Oh, Ih, Ohkubo, T, Omer, Sb, Opio, Jn, Ortiz, A, Pandian JDPanelo CI, Papachristou, C, Park, Ek, Parry, Cd, Caicedo, Aj, Patten, Sb, Paul, Vk, Pavlin, Bi, Pearce, N, Pedraza, L, Pellegrini, Ca, Pereira, Dm, Perez-Ruiz, Fp, Perico, N, Pervaiz, A, Pesudovs, K, Peterson, Cb, Petzold, M, Phillips, Mr, Phillips, D, Phillips, B, Piel, Fb, Plass, D, Poenaru, D, Polanczyk GVPolinder, S, Pope, Ca, Popova, S, Poulton, Rg, Pourmalek, F, Prabhakaran, D, Prasad, Nm, Qato, D, Quistberg, Da, Rafay, A, Rahimi, K, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, Su, Raju, M, Rakovac, I, Rana, Sm, Razavi, H, Refaat, A, Rehm, J, Remuzzi, G, Resnikoff, S, Ribeiro, Al, Riccio, Pm, Richardson, L, Richardus, Jh, Riederer, Am, Robinson, M, Roca, A, Rodriguez, A, Rojas-Rueda, D, Ronfani, L, Rothenbacher, D, Roy, N, Ruhago, Gm, Sabin, N, Sacco, Rl, Ksoreide, K, Saha, S, Sahathevan, R, Sahraian, Ma, Sampson, U, Sanabria, Jr, Sanchez-Riera, L, Santos, I, Satpathy, M, Saunders, Je, Sawhney, M, Saylan MIScarborough, P, Schoettker, B, Schneider, Ij, Schwebel, Dc, Scott, Jg, Seedat, S, Sepanlou, Sg, Serdar, B, Servan-Mori, Ee, Shackelford, K, Shaheen AShahraz, S, Shamah Levy, T, Shangguan, S, She, J, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shepard, D, Shi, P, Shibuya, K, Shinohara, Y, Shiri, R, Shishani, K, Shiue, I, Shrime, Mg, Sigfusdottir, Id, Silberberg, Dh, Simard, Ep, Sindi, S, Singh, Ja, Singh, L, Skirbekk, V, Sliwa, K, Soljak, M, Soneji, S, Soshnikov, S, Speyer PSposato LA, Sreeramareddy, Ct, Stoeckl, H, Stathopoulou, Vk, Steckling, N, Stein, Mb, Stein, Dj, Steiner, Tj, Stewart, A, Stork, E, Stovner LJStroumpoulis, K, Sturua, L, Sunguya, Bf, Swaroop, M, Sykes, Bl, Tabb, Km, Takahashi, K, Tan, F, Tandon, N, Tanne, D, Tanner, M, Tavakkoli, M, Taylor, Hr, Te Ao BJ, Temesgen, Am, Ten Have, M, Tenkorang, Ey, Terkawi, A, Theadom, Am, Thomas, E, Thorne-Lyman, Al, Thrift, Ag, Tleyjeh, Im, Tonelli, M, Topouzis, F, Towbin, Ja, Toyoshima, H, Traebert, J, Tran, Bx, Trasande, L, Trillini, M, Truelsen, T, Trujillo, U, Tsilimbaris, M, Tuzcu, Em, Ukwaja KNUndurraga EA, Uzun, Sb, van Brakel WH, van de Vijver, S, Van Dingenen, R, van Gool CH, Varakin, Yy, Vasankari, Tj, Vavilala, M, Veerman LJVelasquez-Melendez, G, Venketasubramanian, N, Vijayakumar, L, Villalpando, S, Violante, F, Vlassov, Vv, Waller, S, Wallin, Mt, Wan, X, Wang, L, Wang, J, Wang, Y, Warouw, T, Weichenthal, S, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, Rg, Werdecker, A, Wessells, Kr, Westerman, R, Wilkinson, Jd, Williams HCWilliams TN, Woldeyohannes, Sm, Wolfe, Cd, Wong, Jq, Wong, H, Woolf, Ad, Wright, Jl, Wurtz, B, Xu, G, Yang, G, Yano, Y, Yenesew, Ma, Yentur GKYip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, Sj, Younis, M, Yu, C, Kim, Ky, Zaki Mel, S, Zhang, Y, Zhao, Z, Zhao, Y, Zhu, J, Zonies, D, Zunt, Jr, Salomon, Ja, Murray, Cj., Vos, Theo, Barber, Ryan M., Bell, Brad, Bertozzi-Villa, Amelia, Biryukov, Stan, Bolliger, Ian, Charlson, Fiona, Davis, Adrian, Degenhardt, Louisa, Dicker, Daniel, Duan, Leilei, Erskine, Holly, Feigin, Valery L., Ferrari, Alize J., Fitzmaurice, Christina, Fleming, Thoma, Graetz, Nichola, Guinovart, Caterina, Haagsma, Juanita, Hansen, Gillian M., Hanson, Sarah Wulf, Heuton, Kyle R., Higashi, Hideki, Kassebaum, Nichola, Kyu, Hmwe, Laurie, Evan, Liang, Xiofeng, Lofgren, Katherine, Lozano, Rafael, Macintyre, Michael F., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nguyen, Grant, Odell, Shaun, Ortblad, Katrina, Roberts, David Allen, Roth, Gregory A., Sandar, Logan, Serina, Peter T., Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Steiner, Caitlyn, Thomas, Bernadette, Vollset, Stein Emil, Whiteford, Harvey, Wolock, Timothy M., Ye, Pengpeng, Zhou, Maigeng, Ãvila, Marco A., Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Abbafati, Cristiana, Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu, Abd-Allah, Foad, Aziz, Muna I. Abdel, Abera, Semaw F., Aboyans, Victor, Abraham, Jerry P., Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.E., Aburto, Tania C., Achoki, Tom, Ackerman, Ilana N., Adelekan, Ademola, Ademi, Zanfina, Adou, Arsène K., Adsuar, Josef C., Arnlov, Johan, Agardh, Emilie E., Al Khabouri, Mazin J., Alam, Sayed Saidul, Alasfoor, Deena, Albittar, Mohammed I., Alegretti, Miguel A., Aleman, Alicia V., Alemu, Zewdie A., Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alla, Francoi, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Peter J., Almazroa, Mohammad Abdulaziz, Alsharif, Ubai, Alvarez, Elena, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Ameli, Omid, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Anderson, Benjamin O., Anderson, H. Ro, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Apfel, Henry, Arsenijevic, Valentain S. Arsic, Artaman, Al, Asghar, Rana J., Assadi, Reza, Atkins, Lydia S., Atkinson, Charle, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C., Bakfalouni, Talal, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Balalla, Shivanthi, Banerjee, Amitava, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lar, Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Sanjay, Basu, Arindam, Baxter, Amanda, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L., Benjet, Corina, Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benzian, Habib, Bernabe, Eduardo, Beyene, Tariku J., Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhutta, Zulfiqar, Bienhoff, Kelly, Bikbov, Bori, Abdulhak, Aref Bin, Blore, Jed D., Blyth, Fiona M., Bohensky, Megan A., Basara, Berrak Bora, Borges, Guilherme, Bornstein, Natan M., Bose, Dipan, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R., Boyers, Lindsay N., Brainin, Michael, Brauer, Michael, Brayne, Carol E.G., Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J.K., Brenner, Hermann, Briggs, Adam D.M., Brooks, Peter M., Brown, Jonathan, Brugha, Traolach S., Buchbinder, Rachelle, Buckle, Geoffrey C., Bukhman, Gene, Bulloch, Andrew G., Burch, Michael, Burnett, Richard, Cardenas, Rosario, Cabral, Norberto L., Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Campuzano, Julio C., Carapetis, Jonathan R., Carpenter, David O., Caso, Valeria, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Chadha, Vineet K., Chang, Jung-Chen, Chen, Honglei, Chen, Wanqing, Chiang, Peggy P., Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christophi, Costas A., Chugh, Sumeet S., Cirillo, Massimo, Coggeshall, Megan, Cohen, Aaron, Colistro, Valentina, Colquhoun, Samantha M., Contreras, Alejandra G., Cooper, Leslie T., Cooper, Cyru, Cooperrider, Kimberly, Coresh, Josef, Cortinovis, Monica, Criqui, Michael H., Crump, John A., Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia, Dandona, Rakhi, Dandona, Lalit, Dansereau, Emily, Dantes, Hector G., Dargan, Paul I., Davey, Gail, Davitoiu, Dragos V., Dayama, Anand, De La Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa, De La Vega, Shelley F., De Leo, Diego, Del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dessalegn, Muluken, Deveber, Gabrielle A., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Diaz-Torne, Cesar, Ding, Eric L., Dokova, Klara, Dorsey, E.R., Driscoll, Tim R., Duber, Herbert, Durrani, Adnan M., Edmond, Karen M., Ellenbogen, Richard G., Endres, Matthia, Ermakov, Sergey P., Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Fahimi, Saman, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Derek F.J., Felson, David T., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Ferri, Cluesa P., Flaxman, Abraham, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J., Fowkes, F Gerry R., Franklin, Richard C., Furst, Thoma, Futran, Neal D., Gabbe, Belinda J., Gankpe, Fortune G., Garcia-Guerra, Francisco A., Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Gibney, Katherine B., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim A., Giroud, Maurice, Giussani, Giorgia, Goenka, Shifalika, Goginashvili, Ketevan, Gona, Philimon, De Cosio, Teresita Gonzalez, Gosselin, Richard A., Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Guerrant, Richard L., Gugnani, Harish C., Gunnell, David, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Rahul, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hagan, Holly, Halasa, Yara, Hamadeh, Randah R., Hamavid, Hannah, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Haro, Josep Maria, Havmoeller, Rasmu, Hay, Roderick J., Hay, Simon, Hedayati, Mohammad T., Pi, Ileana B. Heredia, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hijar, Martha, Hoek, Hans W., Hoffman, Howard J., Hornberger, John C., Hosgood, H. Dean, Hossain, Mazeda, Hotez, Peter J., Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Howard, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J., Huang, Cheng, Huiart, Laetitia, Husseini, Abdullatif, Iannarone, Marissa, Iburg, Kim M., Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jassal, Simerjot K., Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N., Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jonas, Jost B., Joseph, Jonathan, Juel, Knud, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karimkhani, Chante, Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Katz, Ronit, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazi, Dhruv S., Kemp, Andrew H., Kengne, Andre P., Khader, Yousef S., Khalifa, Shams Eldin A.H., Khan, Ejaz A., Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khonelidze, Irma, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohanne, Kinge, Jonas M., Kissela, Brett M., Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kosen, Soewarta, Kramer, Alexander, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishnamurthi, Rita V., Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kulkarni, Veena S., Kumar, Kaushalendra, Kumar, G Anil, Kwan, Gene F., Lai, Taavi, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C., Larson, Heidi, Larsson, Ander, Lawrynowicz, Alicia E.B., Leasher, Janet L., Lee, Jong-Tae, Leigh, Jame, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Bin, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Lim, Stephen, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lind, Margaret, Lindsay, M Patrice, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Shiwei, Lloyd, Belinda K., Ohno, Summer Lockett, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katharine J., Lopez, Alan D., Lopez-Olmedo, Nancy, Lortet-Tieulent, Joannie, Lotufo, Paulo A., Low, Nicola, Lucas, Robyn M., Lunevicius, Raimunda, Lyons, Ronan A., Ma, Jixiang, Ma, Stefan, Mackay, Mark T., Majdan, Marek, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mapoma, Christopher C., Marcenes, Wagner, March, Lyn M., Margono, Chri, Marks, Guy B., Marzan, Melvin B., Masci, Joseph R., Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Matzopoulos, Richard G., Mayosi, Bongani M., Mazorodze, Tasara T., Mcgill, Neil W., Mcgrath, John J., Mckee, Martin, Mclain, Abby, Mcmahon, Brian J., Meaney, Peter A., Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Wubegzier, Melaku, Yohannes A., Meltzer, Michele, Memish, Ziad A., Mensah, George, Meretoja, Atte, Mhimbira, Francis A., Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mitchell, Philip B., Mock, Charles N., Moffitt, Terrie E., Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohammad, Karzan A., Mokdad, Ali H., Mola, Glen L., Monasta, Lorenzo, Montico, Marcella, Montine, Thomas J., Moore, Ami R., Moran, Andrew E., Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Moschandreas, Joanna, Moturi, Wilkister N., Moyer, Madeline, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mukaigawara, Mitsuru, Murdoch, Michele E., Murray, Joseph, Murthy, Kinnari S., Naghavi, Paria, Nahas, Ziad, Naheed, Aliya, Naidoo, Kovin S., Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Narayan, K.M. Venkat, Nash, Deni, Nejjari, Chakib, Neupane, Sudan P., Newman, Lori M., Newton, Charles R., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida N., Nhung, Nguyen T., Nisar, Muhammad I., Nolte, Sandra, Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Norrving, Bo, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Oh, In Hwan, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Omer, Saad B., Opio, John Nelson, Ortiz, Alberto, Pandian, Jeyaraj D., Panelo, Carlo Irwin A., Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D., Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patten, Scott B., Paul, Vinod K., Pavlin, Boris I., Pearce, Neil, Pedraza, Lilia S., Pellegrini, Carlos A., Pereira, David M., Perez-Ruiz, Fernando P., Perico, Norberto, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pesudovs, Konrad, Peterson, Carrie B., Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R., Phillips, David, Phillips, Bryan, Piel, Frederic B., Plass, Dietrich, Poenaru, Dan, Polanczyk, Guilherme V., Polinder, Suzanne, Pope, C.A., Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prasad, Noela M., Qato, Dima, Quistberg, D.A., Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Raju, Murugesan, Rakovac, Ivo, Rana, Saleem M., Razavi, Homie, Refaat, Amany, Rehm, Jurgen, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Riccio, Patricia M., Richardson, Lee, Richardus, Jan Hendrik, Riederer, Anne M., Robinson, Margot, Roca, Anna, Rodriguez, Alina, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Nobhojit, Ruhago, George M., Sabin, Nsanzimana, Sacco, Ralph L., Ksoreide, Kjetil, Saha, Sukanta, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sampson, Uchechukwu, Sanabria, Juan R., Sanchez-Riera, Lidia, Santos, Itamar S., Satpathy, Maheswar, Saunders, James E., Sawhney, Monika, Saylan, Mete I., Scarborough, Peter, Schoettker, Ben, Schneider, Ione J.C., Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serdar, Berrin, Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shackelford, Katya, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Shangguan, Siyi, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shepard, Donald S., Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shinohara, Yukito, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga D., Silberberg, Donald H., Simard, Edgar P., Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Lavanya, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Soljak, Michael, Soneji, Samir, Soshnikov, Sergey S., Speyer, Peter, Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stoeckl, Heidi, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki Kalliopi, Steckling, Nadine, Stein, Murray B., Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Timothy J., Stewart, Andrea, Stork, Eden, Stovner, Lars J., Stroumpoulis, Konstantino, Sturua, Lela, Sunguya, Bruno F., Swaroop, Mamta, Sykes, Bryan L., Tabb, Karen M., Takahashi, Ken, Tan, Feng, Tandon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tanner, Marcel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taylor, Hugh R., Te Ao, Braden J., Temesgen, Awoke Misganaw, Have, Margreet Ten, Tenkorang, Eric Yeboah, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Theadom, Alice M., Thomas, Elissa, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Tleyjeh, Imad M., Tonelli, Marcello, Topouzis, Foti, Towbin, Jeffrey A., Toyoshima, Hideaki, Traebert, Jefferson, Tran, Bach X., Trasande, Leonardo, Trillini, Matia, Truelsen, Thoma, Trujillo, Ulise, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadi, Tuzcu, Emin M., Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uzun, Selen B., Van Brakel, Wim H., Van De Vijver, Steven, Dingenen, Rita Van, Van Gool, Coen H., Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi J., Vavilala, Monica S., Veerman, Lennert J., Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vijayakumar, Lakshmi, Villalpando, Salvador, Violante, Francesco S., Vlassov, Vasiliy V., Waller, Stephen, Wallin, Mitchell T., Wan, Xia, Wang, Linhong, Wang, Jianli, Wang, Yanping, Warouw, Tati S., Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Werdecker, Andrea, Wessells, K. Ryan, Westerman, Ronny, Wilkinson, James D., Williams, Hywel C., Williams, Thomas N., Woldeyohannes, Solomon M., Wolfe, Charles D.A., Wong, John Q., Wong, Haidong, Woolf, Anthony D., Wright, Jonathan L., Wurtz, Brittany, Xu, Gelin, Yang, Gonghuan, Yano, Yuichiro, Yenesew, Muluken A., Yentur, Gokalp K., Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa, Yu, Chuanhua, Kim, Kim Yun, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zhang, Yong, Zhao, Zheng, Zhao, Yong, Zhu, Jun, Zonies, David, Zunt, Joseph R., Salomon, Joshua A., Murray, Christopher J.L., Cell biology, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Epidemiology, Health Technology Assessment (HTA), and Public Health
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Male ,Gerontology ,Nutrition and Disease ,Epidemiology ,years lived with disability, Global burden of disease, acute and chronic diseases, countries ,Prevalence ,Disease ,Global Health ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Conduct disorder ,Otitis-media ,Cost of Illness ,Residence Characteristics ,Voeding en Ziekte ,80 and over ,Global health ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,countries ,Aetiology ,Child ,Aged, 80 and over ,Medicine(all) ,education.field_of_study ,ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER ,Incidence ,Mortality rate ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Pain Research ,Neglected Diseases ,Alcohol dependence ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Global burden of disease ,Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators ,Mental Health ,Infectious Diseases ,Attention deficit/Hyperactivity disorder ,Burden of Illness ,Child, Preschool ,Acute Disease ,Female ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,GBD 2013 ,Population ,acute and chronic diseases ,Young Adult ,Mental-disorders ,Age Distribution ,Medicine, General & Internal ,Weights ,General & Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Life Science ,Disabled Persons ,Sex Distribution ,Preschool ,education ,Developing Countries ,VLAG ,Aged ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,Developed Countries ,Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Health outcomes ,Newborn ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,Brain Disorders ,years lived with disability ,Good Health and Well Being ,Disease, injury, incidence, prevalence, YLDs, GBD 2010 ,Chronic Disease ,Wounds and Injuries ,business ,2.4 Surveillance and distribution ,Iron-deficiency ,Demography - Abstract
Summary Background Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. Methods Estimates were calculated for disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and YLDs using GBD 2010 methods with some important refinements. Results for incidence of acute disorders and prevalence of chronic disorders are new additions to the analysis. Key improvements include expansion to the cause and sequelae list, updated systematic reviews, use of detailed injury codes, improvements to the Bayesian meta-regression method (DisMod-MR), and use of severity splits for various causes. An index of data representativeness, showing data availability, was calculated for each cause and impairment during three periods globally and at the country level for 2013. In total, 35 620 distinct sources of data were used and documented to calculated estimates for 301 diseases and injuries and 2337 sequelae. The comorbidity simulation provides estimates for the number of sequelae, concurrently, by individuals by country, year, age, and sex. Disability weights were updated with the addition of new population-based survey data from four countries. Findings Disease and injury were highly prevalent; only a small fraction of individuals had no sequelae. Comorbidity rose substantially with age and in absolute terms from 1990 to 2013. Incidence of acute sequelae were predominantly infectious diseases and short-term injuries, with over 2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease episodes in 2013, with the notable exception of tooth pain due to permanent caries with more than 200 million incident cases in 2013. Conversely, leading chronic sequelae were largely attributable to non-communicable diseases, with prevalence estimates for asymptomatic permanent caries and tension-type headache of 2·4 billion and 1·6 billion, respectively. The distribution of the number of sequelae in populations varied widely across regions, with an expected relation between age and disease prevalence. YLDs for both sexes increased from 537·6 million in 1990 to 764·8 million in 2013 due to population growth and ageing, whereas the age-standardised rate decreased little from 114·87 per 1000 people to 110·31 per 1000 people between 1990 and 2013. Leading causes of YLDs included low back pain and major depressive disorder among the top ten causes of YLDs in every country. YLD rates per person, by major cause groups, indicated the main drivers of increases were due to musculoskeletal, mental, and substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and chronic respiratory diseases; however HIV/AIDS was a notable driver of increasing YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa. Also, the proportion of disability-adjusted life years due to YLDs increased globally from 21·1% in 1990 to 31·2% in 2013. Interpretation Ageing of the world's population is leading to a substantial increase in the numbers of individuals with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Rates of YLDs are declining much more slowly than mortality rates. The non-fatal dimensions of disease and injury will require more and more attention from health systems. The transition to non-fatal outcomes as the dominant source of burden of disease is occurring rapidly outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Our results can guide future health initiatives through examination of epidemiological trends and a better understanding of variation across countries. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Background Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. Methods Estimates were calculated for disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and YLDs using GBD 2010 methods with some important refinements. Results for incidence of acute disorders and prevalence of chronic disorders are new additions to the analysis. Key improvements include expansion to the cause and sequelae list, updated systematic reviews, use of detailed injury codes, improvements to the Bayesian meta-regression method (DisMod-MR), and use of severity splits for various causes. An index of data representativeness, showing data availability, was calculated for each cause and impairment during three periods globally and at the country level for 2013. In total, 35 620 distinct sources of data were used and documented to calculated estimates for 301 diseases and injuries and 2337 sequelae. The comorbidity simulation provides estimates for the number of sequelae, concurrently, by individuals by country, year, age, and sex. Disability weights were updated with the addition of new population-based survey data from four countries. Findings Disease and injury were highly prevalent; only a small fraction of individuals had no sequelae. Comorbidity rose substantially with age and in absolute terms from 1990 to 2013. Incidence of acute sequelae were predominantly infectious diseases and short-term injuries, with over 2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease episodes in 2013, with the notable exception of tooth pain due to permanent caries with more than 200 million incident cases in 2013. Conversely, leading chronic sequelae were largely attributable to non-communicable diseases, with prevalence estimates for asymptomatic permanent caries and tension-type headache of 2·4 billion and 1·6 billion, respectively. The distribution of the number of sequelae in populations varied widely across regions, with an expected relation between age and disease prevalence. YLDs for both sexes increased from 537·6 million in 1990 to 764·8 million in 2013 due to population growth and ageing, whereas the age-standardised rate decreased little from 114·87 per 1000 people to 110·31 per 1000 people between 1990 and 2013. Leading causes of YLDs included low back pain and major depressive disorder among the top ten causes of YLDs in every country. YLD rates per person, by major cause groups, indicated the main drivers of increases were due to musculoskeletal, mental, and substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and chronic respiratory diseases; however HIV/AIDS was a notable driver of increasing YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa. Also, the proportion of disability-adjusted life years due to YLDs increased globally from 21·1% in 1990 to 31·2% in 2013. Interpretation Ageing of the world's population is leading to a substantial increase in the numbers of individuals with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Rates of YLDs are declining much more slowly than mortality rates. The non-fatal dimensions of disease and injury will require more and more attention from health systems. The transition to non-fatal outcomes as the dominant source of burden of disease is occurring rapidly outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Our results can guide future health initiatives through examination of epidemiological trends and a better understanding of variation across countries. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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- 2015
37. Impaired day-to-day activities worsened but diabetes control improved self-rated health: The UK diabetes survey, 2006
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Shiue, I.
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- 2015
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38. Global and National Burden of Diseases and Injuries Among Children and Adolescents Between 1990 and 2013 Findings From the Global Burden of Disease 2013 Study
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Kyu H, Pinho C, Wagner J, Brown J, Bertozzi-Villa A, Charlson F, Coffeng L, Dandona L, Erskine H, Ferrari A, Fitzmaurice C, Fleming T, Forouzanfar M, Graetz N, Guinovart C, Haagsma J, Higashi H, Kassebaum N, Larson H, Lim S, Mokdad A, Moradi-Lakeh M, Odell S, Roth G, Serina P, Stanaway J, Misganaw A, Whiteford H, Wolock T, Hanson S, Abd-Allah F, Abera S, Abu-Raddad L, AlBuhairan F, Amare A, Antonio C, Artaman A, Barker-Collo S, Barrero L, Benjet C, Bensenor I, Bhutta Z, Bikbov B, Brazinova A, Campos-Nonato I, Castaneda-Orjuela C, Catala-Lopez F, Chowdhury R, Cooper C, Crump J, Dandona R, Degenhardt L, Dellavalle R, Dharmaratne S, Faraon E, Feigin V, Furst T, Geleijnse J, Gessner B, Gibney K, Goto A, Gunnell D, Hankey G, Hay R, Hornberger J, Hosgood H, Hu G, Jacobsen K, Jayaraman S, Jeemon P, Jonas J, Karch A, Kim D, Kim S, Kokubo Y, Defo B, Bicer B, Kumar G, Larsson A, Leasher J, Leung R, Li Y, Lipshultz S, Lopez A, Lotufo P, Lunevicius R, Lyons R, Majdan M, Malekzadeh R, Mashal T, Mason-Jones A, Melaku Y, Memish Z, Mendoza W, Miller T, Mock C, Murray J, Nolte S, Oh I, Olusanya B, Ortblad K, Park E, Caicedo A, Patten S, Patton G, Pereira D, Perico N, Piel F, Polinder S, Popova S, Pourmalek F, Quistberg D, Remuzzi G, Rodriguez A, Rojas-Rueda D, Rothenbacher D, Rothstein D, Sanabria J, Santos I, Schwebel D, Sepanlou S, Shaheen A, Shiri R, Shiue I, Skirbekk V, Sliwa K, Sreeramareddy C, Stein D, Steiner T, Stovner L, Sykes B, Tabb K, Terkawi A, Thomson A, Thorne-Lyman A, Towbin J, Ukwaja K, Vasankari T, Venketasubramanian N, Vlassov V, Vollset S, Weiderpass E, Weintraub R, Werdecker A, Wilkinson J, Woldeyohannes S, Wolfe C, Yano Y, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon S, Younis M, Yu C, Zaki M, Naghavi M, Murray C, Vos T, and Global Burden Dis Pediat Collabora
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- 2016
39. Age, sex and marital status are associated with self-reported liver condition in adults: national surveys in the UK and USA, 2009–2010
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Shiue, I.
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40. Osteoporosis hospital admissions varied across sub-regions but not seasons in England: Hospital Episode Statistics, 2008–2011
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Chown, D. and Shiue, I.
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- 2014
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41. The global burden of cancer 2013 global burden of disease cancer collaboration
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Fitzmaurice, C, Dicker, D, Pain, A, Hamavid, H, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Maclntyre, MF, Allen, C, Hansen, G, Woodbrook, R, Wolfe, C, Hamadeh, RR, Antonio, CA, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Van Gool, CH, Violante, F, Oh, I-H, Deribe, K, Soreide, K, Knibbs, L, Kereselidze, M, Green, M, Moore, A, Cardenas, R, Roy, N, Tillmann, T, Li, Y, Krueger, H, Monasta, L, Dey, S, Sheikhbahaei, S, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Kumar, GA, Werdecker, A, Sreeramareddy, CT, Dandona, L, Wang, H, Vollset, SE, Mokdad, A, Salomon, JA, Lozano, R, Vos, T, Forouzanfar, M, Lopez, A, Gessner, BD, Murray, C, Naghavi, M, Te Ao, B, McMahon, B, Karimkhani, C, Yu, C, Cooke, GS, Schwebel, DC, Carpenter, DO, Pereira, DM, Nash, D, Kazi, DS, De Leo, D, Plass, D, Ukwaja, KN, Thurston, GD, Jin, KY, Simard, EP, Mills, E, Park, E-K, Catala-Lopez, F, DeVeber, G, Gotay, C, Khan, G, Hosgood, HD, Santos, IS, Leasher, JL, Singh, J, Leigh, J, Jonas, JB, Sanabria, J, Beardsley, J, Jacobsen, KH, Takahashi, K, Franklin, RC, Ronfani, L, Montico, M, Naldi, L, Tonelli, M, Geleijnse, J, Petzold, M, Shrime, MG, Younis, M, Yonemoto, N, Breitborde, N, Yip, P, Pourmalek, F, Lotufo, PA, Esteghamati, A, Hankey, GJ, Ali, R, Lunevicius, R, Malekzadeh, R, Dellavalle, R, Weintraub, R, Lucas, R, Hay, R, Rojas-Rueda, D, Westerman, R, Sepanlou, SG, Nolte, S, Patten, S, Weichenthal, S, Abera, SF, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Shiue, I, Driscoll, T, Vasankari, T, Alsharif, U, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Vlassov, VV, Marcenes, WS, Mekonnen, W, Melaku, YA, Yano, Y, Al, A, Campos, I, MacLachlan, J, Mueller, U, Kim, D, Trillini, M, Eshrati, B, Williams, HC, Shibuya, K, Dandona, R, Murthy, K, Cowie, B, and Amare, AT
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CHINESE WOMEN ,Adult ,Male ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,HEPATITIS-B-VIRUS ,187 COUNTRIES ,Global Health ,Disability Evaluation ,Young Adult ,LUNG-CANCER ,Age Distribution ,Life Expectancy ,Sex Factors ,Risk Factors ,HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA ,Neoplasms ,SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Sex Distribution ,Child ,21 REGIONS ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Science & Technology ,Incidence ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,Oncology ,Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration ,Child, Preschool ,RENAL-CELL CANCER ,RISK-FACTORS ,Female ,CIGARETTE-SMOKING ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Abstract
Importance Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Current estimates of cancer burden in individual countries and regions are necessary to inform local cancer control strategies. Objective To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 28 cancers in 188 countries by sex from 1990 to 2013. Evidence Review The general methodology of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 study was used. Cancer registries were the source for cancer incidence data as well as mortality incidence (MI) ratios. Sources for cause of death data include vital registration system data, verbal autopsy studies, and other sources. The MI ratios were used to transform incidence data to mortality estimates and cause of death estimates to incidence estimates. Cancer prevalence was estimated using MI ratios as surrogates for survival data; YLDs were calculated by multiplying prevalence estimates with disability weights, which were derived from population-based surveys; YLLs were computed by multiplying the number of estimated cancer deaths at each age with a reference life expectancy; and DALYs were calculated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. Findings In 2013 there were 14.9 million incident cancer cases, 8.2 million deaths, and 196.3 million DALYs. Prostate cancer was the leading cause for cancer incidence (1.4 million) for men and breast cancer for women (1.8 million). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer was the leading cause for cancer death in men and women, with 1.6 million deaths. For men, TBL cancer was the leading cause of DALYs (24.9 million). For women, breast cancer was the leading cause of DALYs (13.1 million). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100 000 and age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) per 100 000 for both sexes in 2013 were higher in developing vs developed countries for stomach cancer (ASIR, 17 vs 14; ASDR, 15 vs 11), liver cancer (ASIR, 15 vs 7; ASDR, 16 vs 7), esophageal cancer (ASIR, 9 vs 4; ASDR, 9 vs 4), cervical cancer (ASIR, 8 vs 5; ASDR, 4 vs 2), lip and oral cavity cancer (ASIR, 7 vs 6; ASDR, 2 vs 2), and nasopharyngeal cancer (ASIR, 1.5 vs 0.4; ASDR, 1.2 vs 0.3). Between 1990 and 2013, ASIRs for all cancers combined (except nonmelanoma skin cancer and Kaposi sarcoma) increased by more than 10% in 113 countries and decreased by more than 10% in 12 of 188 countries. Conclusions and Relevance Cancer poses a major threat to public health worldwide, and incidence rates have increased in most countries since 1990. The trend is a particular threat to developing nations with health systems that are ill-equipped to deal with complex and expensive cancer treatments. The annual update on the Global Burden of Cancer will provide all stakeholders with timely estimates to guide policy efforts in cancer prevention, screening, treatment, and palliation.
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- 2015
42. Poster session 2: Thursday 4 December 2014, 08:30-12:30Location: Poster area
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Domingos, J, Augustine, D, Leeson, P, Noble, J, Doan, HL, Boubrit, L, Cheikh-Khalifa, R, Laveau, F, Djebbar, M, Pousset, F, Isnard, R, Hammoudi, N, Lisi, M, Cameli, M, Di Tommaso, C, Curci, V, Reccia, R, Maccherini, M, Henein, MY, Mondillo, S, Leitman, M, Vered, Z, Rashid, H, Yalcin, MU, Gurses, KM, Kocyigit, D, Evranos, B, Yorgun, H, Sahiner, L, Kaya, B, Aytemir, K, Ozer, N, Bertella, E, Petulla', M, Baggiano, A, Mushtaq, S, Russo, E, Gripari, P, Innocenti, E, Andreini, D, Tondo, C, Pontone, G, Necas, J, Kovalova, S, Hristova, K, Shiue, I, Bogdanva, V, Teixido Tura, G, Sanchez, V, Rodriguez-Palomares, J, Gutierrez, L, Gonzalez-Alujas, T, Garcia-Dorado, D, Forteza, A, Evangelista, A, Timoteo, AT, Aguiar Rosa, S, Cruz Ferreira, R, Campbell, R, Carrick, D, Mccombe, C, Tzemos, N, Berry, C, Sonecki, P, Noda, M, Setoguchi, M, Ikenouchi, T, Nakamura, T, Yamamoto, Y, Murakami, T, Katou, Y, Usui, M, Ichikawa, K, Isobe, M, Kwon, B, Roh, J, Kim, H, Ihm, S, Barron, AJ, Francis, D, Mayet, J, Wensel, R, Kosiuk, J, Dinov, B, Bollmann, A, Hindricks, G, Breithardt, O, Rio, P, Moura Branco, L, Galrinho, A, Cacela, D, Pinto Teixeira, P, Afonso Nogueira, M, Pereira-Da-Silva, T, Abreu, J, Teresa Timoteo, A, Pavlyukova, E, Tereshenkova, E, Karpov, R, Piatkowski, R, Kochanowski, J, Opolski, G, Barbier, P, Mirea, O, Guglielmo, M, Savioli, G, Cefalu, C, Pudil, R, Horakova, L, Rozloznik, M, Balestra, C, Rimbas, R, Enescu, O, Calin, S, Vinereanu, D, Karsenty, C, Hascoet, S, Hadeed, K, Semet, F, Dulac, Y, Alacoque, X, Leobon, B, Acar, P, Dharma, S, Sukmawan, R, Soesanto, A, Vebiona, K, Firdaus, I, Danny, S, Driessen, MM, Sieswerda, G, Post, M, Snijder, R, Van Dijk, A, Leiner, T, Meijboom, F, Chrysohoou, C, Tsitsinakis, G, Tsiachris, D, Aggelis, A, Herouvim, E, Vogiatzis, I, Pitsavos, C, Koulouris, G, Stefanadis, C, Erdei, T, Edwards, J, Braim, D, Yousef, Z, Fraser, A, Avenatti, E, Magnino, C, Omede', P, Presutti, D, Moretti, C, Iannaccone, A, Ravera, A, Gaita, F, Milan, A, Veglio, F, Scali, M, Simioniuc, A, Fusini, L, Dini, F, Okura, H, Murata, E, Kataoka, T, Mikaelpoor, A, Ojaghi Haghighi, S, Alizadeasl, A, Sharifi-Zarchi, A, Zaroui, A, Ben Halima, M, Mourali, M, Mechmeche, R, Rodriguez Palomares, JF, Maldonado, G, Garcia, G, Otaegui, I, Garcia Del Blanco, B, Teixido, G, Gonzalez Alujas, M, Garcia Dorado, D, Godinho, AR, Correia, A, Rangel, I, Rocha, A, Rodrigues, J, Araujo, V, Almeida, P, Macedo, F, Maciel, M, Rekik, B, Mghaieth, F, Aloui, H, Boudiche, S, Jomaa, M, Ayari, J, Tabebi, N, Farhati, A, Mourali, S, Dekleva, M, Markovic-Nikolic, N, Zivkovic, M, Stankovic, A, Boljevic, D, Korac, N, Beleslin, B, Arandjelovic, A, Ostojic, M, Galli, E, Guirette, Y, Auffret, V, Daudin, M, Fournet, M, Mabo, P, Donal, E, Chin, CW, Luo, E, Hwan, J, White, A, Newby, D, Dweck, M, Carstensen, HG, Larsen, LH, Hassager, C, Kofoed, KF, Jensen, JS, Mogelvang, R, Kowalczyk, M, Debska, M, Kolesnik, A, Dangel, J, Kawalec, W, Migliore, R, Adaniya, M, Barranco, M, Miramont, G, Gonzalez, S, Tamagusuku, H, Davidsen, ES, Kuiper, KK, Matre, K, Gerdts, E, Igual Munoz, B, Maceira Gonzalez, A, Erdociain Perales, M, Estornell Erill, J, Valera Martinez, F, Miro Palau, V, Piquer Gil, M, Sepulveda Sanchez, P, Cervera Zamora, A, Montero Argudo, A, Placido, R, Silva Marques, J, Magalhaes, A, Guimaraes, T, Nobre E Menezes, M, Goncalves, S, Ramalho, A, Robalo Martins, S, Almeida, A, Nunes Diogo, A, Abid, L, Ben Kahla, S, Charfeddine, S, Abid, D, Kammoun, S, Tounsi, A, Hammami, R, Triki, F, Akrout, M, Mallek, S, Hentati, M, Sirbu, CF, Berrebi, A, Huber, A, Folliguet, T, Yang, LT, Shih, J, Liu, Y, Li, Y, Tsai, L, Luo, C, Tsai, W, Babukov, R, Bartosh, F, Bazilev, V, Muraru, D, Cavalli, G, Addetia, K, Miglioranza, M, Veronesi, F, Mihaila, S, Tadic, M, Cucchini, U, Badano, L, Lang, R, Miyazaki, S, Slavich, M, Miyazaki, T, Figini, F, Lativ, A, Chieffo, A, Montrfano, M, Alfieri, O, Colombo, A, Agricola, E, Liu, D, Hu, K, Herrmann, S, Stoerk, S, Kramer, B, Ertl, G, Bijnens, B, Weidemann, F, Brand, M, Butz, T, Tzikas, S, Van Bracht, M, Roeing, J, Wennemann, R, Christ, M, Grett, M, Trappe, HJ, Scherzer, S, Geroldinger, A, Krenn, L, Roth, C, Gangl, C, Maurer, G, Rosenhek, R, Neunteufl, T, Binder, T, Bergler-Klein, J, Martins, E, Pinho, T, Leite, S, Azevedo, O, Belo, A, Campelo, M, Amorim, S, Rocha-Goncalves, F, Goncalves, L, Silva-Cardoso, J, Ahn, H, Kim, K, Jeon, H, Youn, H, Haland, T, Saberniak, J, Leren, I, Edvardsen, T, Haugaa, K, Ziolkowska, L, Boruc, A, Turska-Kmiec, A, Zubrzycka, M, Monivas Palomero, V, Mingo Santos, S, Goirigolzarri Artaza, J, Rodriguez Gonzalez, E, Rivero Arribas, B, Castro Urda, V, Dominguez Rodriguez, F, Mitroi, C, Gracia Lunar, I, Fernadez Lozano, I, Palecek, T, Masek, M, Kuchynka, P, Fikrle, M, Spicka, I, Rysava, R, Linhart, A, Hasselberg, N, Borgquist, R, Platonov, P, Ancona, R, Comenale Pinto, S, Caso, P, Coopola, M, Arenga, F, Rapisarda, O, D'onofrio, A, Sellitto, V, Calabro, R, Rosca, M, Popescu, B, Calin, A, Mateescu, A, Beladan, C, Jalba, M, Rusu, E, Zilisteanu, D, Ginghina, C, Pressman, G, Cepeda-Valery, B, Romero-Corral, A, Moldovan, R, Saenz, A, Orban, M, Samuel, S, Fijalkowski, M, Fijalkowska, M, Gilis-Siek, N, Blaut, K, Galaska, R, Sworczak, K, Gruchala, M, Nowak, R, Ikonomidis, I, Triantafyllidi, H, Trivilou, P, Tzortzis, S, Papadopoulos, C, Pavlidis, G, Paraskevaidis, I, Lekakis, J, Padiyath, A, Li, L, Xiao, Y, Danford, D, Kutty, S, Kaymaz, C, Aktemur, T, Poci, N, Ozturk, S, Akbal, O, Yilmaz, F, Tokgoz Demircan, H, Kirca, N, Tanboga, I, Ozdemir, N, Greiner, S, Jud, A, Aurich, M, Hess, A, Hilbel, T, Hardt, S, Katus, H, D'ascenzi, F, Alvino, F, Focardi, M, Solari, M, Bonifazi, M, Konopka, M, Krol, W, Klusiewicz, A, Burkhard, K, Chwalbinska, J, Pokrywka, A, Dluzniewski, M, Braksator, W, King, GJ, Coen, K, Gannon, S, Fahy, N, Kindler, H, Clarke, J, Iliuta, L, Rac-Albu, M, Cortez-Dias, N, Francisco, A, Silva, G, Kyu, K, Kong, W, Songco, G, Galupo, M, Castro, M, Shin Hnin, W, Ronald Lee, C, Poh, K, Milazzo, V, Di Stefano, C, Tosello, F, Leone, D, Sabia, L, Sobrero, G, Maule, S, Jamiel, AM, Ahmed, AM, Farah, I, Al-Mallah, MH, Petroni, R, Magnano, R, Bencivenga, S, Di Mauro, M, Petroni, S, Altorio, S, Romano, S, Penco, M, Kumor, M, Lipczynska, M, Klisiewicz, A, Wojcik, A, Konka, M, Kozuch, K, Szymanski, P, Hoffman, P, Rimbas, M, Reynaud, A, Lund, L, Persson, H, Hage, C, Oger, E, Linde, C, Daubert, J, Maria Oliveira Lima, M, Costa, H, Gomes Da Silva, M, Noman Alencar, M, Carmo Pereira Nunes, M, Costa Rocha, M, Siala, A, Ozawa, K, Funabashi, N, Takaoka, H, Kobayashi, Y, Matsumura, Y, Wada, M, Hirakawa, D, Yasuoka, Y, Morimoto, N, Takeuchi, H, Kitaoka, H, Sugiura, T, Lakkas, L, Naka, K, Ntounousi, E, Gkirdis, I, Koutlas, V, Bechlioulis, A, Pappas, K, Katsouras, C, Siamopoulos, K, Michalis, L, Evangelou, D, Kalaitzidis, R, Tzeltzes, G, Nakas, G, Generati, G, Bandera, F, Pellegrino, M, Labate, V, Alfonzetti, E, Guazzi, M, Zagatina, A, Zhuravskaya, N, Al-Mallah, M, Alsaileek, A, Qureshi, W, Peyre, M, Amadieu, R, Yamanaka, Y, Sotomi, Y, Iwakura, K, Inoue, K, Toyoshima, Y, Tanaka, K, Oka, T, Tanaka, N, Orihara, Y, Fujii, K, Soulat-Dufour, L, Lang, S, Boyer-Chatenet, L, Van Der Vynckt, C, Ederhy, S, Adavane, S, Haddour, N, Boccara, F, Cohen, A, Huitema, M, Boerman, S, Vorselaars, V, Grutters, J, Gopal, AS, Saha, S, Toole, R, Kiotsekoglou, A, Cao, J, Reichek, N, Meyer, CG, Altiok, E, Al Ateah, G, Lehrke, M, Becker, M, Lotfi, S, Autschbach, R, Marx, N, Hoffmann, R, Frick, M, Nemes, A, Sepp, R, Kalapos, A, Domsik, P, Forster, T, Caro Codon, J, Blazquez Bermejo, Z, Lopez Fernandez, T, Valbuena Lopez, SC, Iniesta Manjavacas, AM, De Torres Alba, F, Dominguez Melcon, F, Pena Conde, L, Moreno Yanguela, M, Lopez-Sendon, JL, Lengyel, C, Orosz, A, Varkonyi, T, Rendon, J, Saldarriaga, CI, Duarte, N, Foldeak, D, Borbenyi, Z, Hamdy, A, Fereig, H, Nabih, M, Abdel-Aziz, A, Ali, A, Broyd, C, Wielandts, JY, De Buck, S, Michielsen, K, Louw, R, Garweg, C, Nuyts, J, Ector, J, Maes, F, Heidbuchel, H, Gillis, K, Bala, G, Tierens, S, Cosyns, B, Maurovich-Horvat, P, Horvath, T, Jermendy, A, Celeng, C, Panajotu, A, Bartykowszki, A, Karolyi, M, Tarnoki, A, Jermendy, G, and Merkely, B
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medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,Early Repolarization Pattern ,business.industry ,Athletes ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,General Medicine ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,biology.organism_classification - Published
- 2014
43. Social correlates of total cancer in adults and the very old: UK Understanding Society Cohort, 2009–2010
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Shiue, I.
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- 2014
- Full Text
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44. Risks of atrial fibrillation and death at discharge after thrombolysis in stroke patients: Northumbrian Sentinel Stroke Audit, 2013-2015
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Shiue, I., primary
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- 2016
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45. Increased health service use for allergy in adults: Northumbrian hospital episodes, 2010-2015
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Shiue, I., primary
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- 2015
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46. Arten der Stressbewältigung bei 459 Notärzten in Deutschland : Eine Pilotstudie.
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Sand, M., Hessam, S., Sand, D., Bechara, F., Vorstius, C., Bromba, M., Stockfleth, E., Shiue, I., and Bechara, F G
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PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,EMERGENCY physicians ,SOCIAL support ,MEDICAL practice ,ADAPTABILITY (Personality) ,PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout ,DENIAL (Psychology) ,EMERGENCY medical services ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,MENTAL health ,PSYCHOLOGY of physicians ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SEX distribution ,PILOT projects ,CROSS-sectional method ,PSYCHOLOGICAL factors - Abstract
Copyright of Anaesthesist is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2016
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47. Urine phthalate concentrations are higher in people with stroke: United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 2001-2004
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Shiue, I., primary
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- 2012
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48. Air pollution, weather and ischaemic cerebral and cardiac events: some methodological considerations
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Shiue, I., primary
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- 2010
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49. Increasing health awareness to decreasing nonparticipation bias in health studies.
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Shiue I
- Published
- 2012
50. Life events and risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage: the australasian cooperative research on subarachnoid hemorrhage study (ACROSS).
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Shiue I, Arima H, Anderson CS, ACROSS Group, Shiue, Ivy, Arima, Hisatomi, and Anderson, Craig S
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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