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16. Expression dynamics of bovine MX genes in the endometrium and placenta during early to mid pregnancy

Author

SHIROZU, Takahiro, SASAKI, Keisuke, KAWAHARA, Manabu, YANAGAWA, Yojiro, NAGANO, Masashi, YAMAUCHI, Nobuhiko, and TAKAHASHI, Masashi

Subjects
Myxovirus Resistance Proteins, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Placenta, Cow, Uterus, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Pregnancy Proteins, MX, Alternative Splicing, Endometrium, Fetus, Pregnancy, Immune System, Interferon Type I, Animals, Pregnancy, Animal, Original Article, Cattle, Female, Embryo Implantation, Interferons, Signal Transduction
Abstract

MX belongs to a family of type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes, and the MX protein has antiviral activity. MX has at least two isoforms, known as MX1 and MX2, in mammals. Moreover, bovine MX1 has been found to have alternative splice variants—namely, MX1-a and MX1B. In ruminants, IFN-τ—a type I IFN—is temporarily produced from the conceptus before implantation and induces MX expression in the endometrium. However, the expression dynamics of MX after implantation are not clear. In the present study, we investigated the expression of MX1-a, MX1B and MX2 in the endometrium and placenta before and after implantation along with the expression of IFN-α, type I receptors (IFNAR1 and IFNAR2) and interferon regulatory factors (IRF3 and IRF9). Pregnant uterine samples were divided into five groups according to pregnancy days 14–18, 25–40, 50–70, 80–100, and 130–150. Tissue samples were collected from the intercaruncular endometrium (IC), caruncular endometrium (C) and fetal placenta (P). Although all the MX expressions were significantly higher in the IC and C at days 14–18, presumably caused by embryo-secreted IFN-τ stimulation, their expressions were also detectable in the IC, C and P after implantation. Furthermore, IFN-α expression was significantly higher in the IC. RT-PCR indicated IFNAR1, IFNAR2, IRF3 and IRF9 mRNA in all the tissues during pregnancy. These results suggest that all the MX genes are affected by the type I IFN pathway during pregnancy and are involved in an immune response to protect the mother and fetus.

Published
2015

17. Hot topic: Pregnancy-induced expression of interferon-stimulated genes in the cervical and vaginal mucosal membranes

Author

Kunii, Hiroki, Koyama, Keisuke, Ito, Tsukino, Suzuki, Toshiyuki, Balboula, Ahmed Z, Shirozu, Takahiro, Bai, Hanako, Nagano, Masashi, Kawahara, Manabu, Takahashi, Masashi, Kunii, Hiroki, Koyama, Keisuke, Ito, Tsukino, Suzuki, Toshiyuki, Balboula, Ahmed Z, Shirozu, Takahiro, Bai, Hanako, Nagano, Masashi, Kawahara, Manabu, and Takahashi, Masashi

Abstract

In ruminants, IFN-tau (IFNT) is a pregnancy recognition signal secreted by the embryonic trophectoderm before implantation, and it induces the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) in the uterine endometrium and blood leukocytes. The expression of ISG in blood leukocytes could indicate the presence of a viable conceptus before return of the next estrus; however, expression levels have high variation for confirming pregnancy. We hypothesized that the secreted IFNT in the uterus would affect ISG expression in cervical and vaginal tissues because they are directly adjacent to the uterus. To prove the hypothesis, we investigated the expression of 3 ISG (ISG15, MX1, and MX2) in cervical and vaginal mucosal membranes collected from pregnant (n = 12) and nonpregnant (n = 11) lactating Holstein cows at 17 to 18 d after artificial insemination. Mucosal membrane samples of the cervical canal near the external os (cervix) and deep vaginal wall surrounding the external os (vagina) were collected separately by simply scraping with a curette on d 17 or 18 of pregnancy (d 1 = ovulation), at which time IFNT secretion into the maternal uterus is maximal. After pregnancy diagnosis on d 30 and 60, separately collected samples confirmed as pregnant and nonpregnant were used for evaluation of the expression of IFN-stimulated protein 15 kDa (ISG15) and myxovirus-resistance protein 1 and 2 (MX1, MX2) with quantitative real-time PCR. The collected mucosal membrane samples from cervix contained mostly cell clots showing membrane structure and a low content of blood cells. The expression levels of all 3 genes were significantly increased in pregnant cows compared with nonpregnant cows in both cervical and vaginal samples. These results suggest that increased expression of ISG in the cervix and vagina is a pregnancy-associated phenomenon and is highly affected by IFNT secreted from the conceptus through the uterus.

Published
2018

20. Involvement of interferon-tau in the induction of apoptotic, pyroptotic, and autophagic cell death-related signaling pathways in the bovine uterine endometrium during early pregnancy

Author

SUZUKI, Toshiyuki, primary, SAKUMOTO, Ryosuke, additional, HAYASHI, Ken-Go, additional, OGISO, Takatoshi, additional, KUNII, Hiroki, additional, SHIROZU, Takahiro, additional, KIM, Sung-Woo, additional, BAI, Hanako, additional, KAWAHARA, Manabu, additional, KIMURA, Koji, additional, and TAKAHASHI, Masashi, additional

Published
2018
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21. Estrous cycle stage-dependent manner of type I interferon-stimulated genes induction in the bovine endometrium

Author

SHIROZU, Takahiro, primary, IWANO, Hiroki, additional, OGISO, Takatoshi, additional, SUZUKI, Toshiyuki, additional, BALBOULA, Ahmed Z., additional, BAI, Hanako, additional, KAWAHARA, Manabu, additional, KIMURA, Koji, additional, TAKAHASHI, Hitomi, additional, RULAN, Bai, additional, KIM, Sung-Woo, additional, YANAGAWA, Yojiro, additional, NAGANO, Masashi, additional, IMAKAWA, Kazuhiko, additional, and TAKAHASHI, Masashi, additional

Published
2017
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22. High frequencies of F1534C and V1016I kdrmutations and association with pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegyptifrom Somgandé (Ouagadougou), Burkina Faso

Author

Sombié, Aboubacar, Saiki, Erisha, Yaméogo, Félix, Sakurai, Tatsuya, Shirozu, Takahiro, Fukumoto, Shinya, Sanon, Antoine, Weetman, David, McCall, Philip, Kanuka, Hirotaka, and Badolo, Athanase

Abstract

Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides involving kdrmutations is widespread in Aedes aegypti(L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) and potentially could impact control efforts in endemic countries. Dengue cases had been sporadic in Burkina Faso for over a decade prior to the 2016–2017 outbreak that resulted in 15,074 suspected cases and 36 deaths, mainly in Ouagadougou. These outbreaks highlighted the lack of information on numerous aspects of the biology, behaviour and insecticide status of local dengue vector populations that are fundamental to vector control. We investigated the insecticide resistance profiles and the kdrmutations involved in pyrethroid resistance of Ae. aegyptifrom Somgandé, a district of Ouagadougou. WHO bioassays revealed that the local Ae. aegyptipopulations were highly resistant to pyrethroids with mortalities of 15% for permethrin and 37% for deltamethrin. Resistance to carbamates was also detected with mortalities of 55% for propoxur and 90% for bendiocarb, but high mortalities (> 97%) to organophosphates (malathion and fenitrothion) indicated susceptibility. Allele-specific PCR and voltage-gated sodium channel gene sequencing showed a very high frequency (97%) of the F1534C kdrallele whilst the V1016I kdrmutation frequency was 46%. Association of dual-locus kdrmutations was detected for permethrin resistance. We conclude that in this locality of Burkina Faso, Ae. aegyptiis resistant to pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides but remains susceptible to organophosphates, providing useful information for possible future control.

Published
2019
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