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A watch officer in sailing a ship uses many kinds of navigational information to prevent marine disasters. Especially in coastal sea area such as narrow bay or port, many ships crowds and marine disasters tend to occur more often. In these regions, effective presentation of variety navigational information is very important. On other hand, a car navigation is very effective in road traffic, However, it is not used almost in sea traffic. Our objective in this paper is to apply a car navigation to ship sailing. Also, a marine navigation system proposed by us was compared with a car navigation system. In this study, authors tried some ways of utilizing car navigation technology for the sea. To improve navigational security and safety, we investigated whether car navigation systems could be applied to marine traffic. The applicability was evaluated through several comparisons of our navigation assistance device using GIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We investigated and identified postmortem changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain to provide accurate diagnostic guidelines.Materials and Methods: Our subjects were 16 deceased patients (mean age 57 years) who underwent postmortem computed tomography (CT), MRI, and autopsy, the latter of which showed no abnormalities in the brain. The subjects underwent CT and MRI 6-73 h after confirmation of death (mean 26 h), after being kept in cold storage at 4 degrees C. Postmortem MRI of the brain was performed using T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2WI, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging, and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) with parameters identical to those used for living persons.Results: In all cases, postmortem CT showed brain edema and swelling. Postmortem MRI showed characteristic common signal intensity (SI) changes, including (1) high SI of the basal ganglia and thalamus on T1WI; (2) suppression of fat SI on T2WI; (3) insufficient SI suppression of cerebrospinal fluid on FLAIR imaging; (4) high SI rims along the cerebral cortices and the ventricular wall on DWI; and (5) an apparent diffusion coefficient decrease to less than half the normal value.Conclusion: Postmortem MRI of the brain in all cases showed characteristic common SI changes. Global cerebral ischemia without following reperfusion and low body temperature explain these changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate cerebral gas embolism (GE) on nontraumatic postmortem CT (PMCT), regarding its frequency, location (arterial or venous), and causes.Materials and Methods: Our subjects were 404 nontraumatically deceased patients who had been in a state of cardiopulmonary arrest on arrival at our emergency room. PMCT was performed within 2 h of the confirmation of death.Results: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed on 387 of the 404 subjects; and of these, cerebral GE was detected in 29 (7.5%) subjects (3 arterial, 25 venous, 1 undeterminable). Cerebral GE was not noted in the other 17 of the 404 subjects who did not undergo CPR. However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of cerebral GE between the subjects who underwent CPR and those who did not. The mechanism of cerebral arterial GE was presumed due to pulmonary barotrauma and/or paradoxical embolism, while the thoracic pump theory was suggested to explain the cerebral venous GE.Conclusion: Cerebral arterial/venous GE is found in CPR cases on nontraumatic PMCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]