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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of guided tissue regeneration with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes to that of free gingival graft for treatment of adjacent facial gingival recession. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Eight adjacent gingival recession sites with Miller class I or II defects containing at least a maxillary or mandibular canine were selected in 6 patients. Four recession sites in 3 patients were treated with guided tissue regeneration, and the other 4 sites in the remaining 3 patients were treated with free gingival graft. Probing depth, gingival recession, attachment level, width of keratinized gingiva, and root coverage were recorded before surgery (baseline) and 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvements were found for gingival recession, attachment level, and root coverage from baseline to 6 months and 1 year postoperatively in both groups. Both procedures produced the same average reduction in gingival recession, gain in attachment level, and amount of root coverage after 1 year. Probing depths did not differ between groups throughout the study. The width of keratinized gingiva was significantly greater in the grafted group than in the guided tissue regeneration group. CONCLUSION: Both procedures produced the same average amount of root coverage, reduction in gingival recession, and gain in clinical attachment. The guided tissue regeneration procedure provided a better esthetic appearance without any difference in gingival color or architecture in cases of adjacent facial gingival recession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently we found that some nucleosides such as inosine or adenosine inhibited alpha-glucosidase from rat intestine. The aim of this study was to determine whether these nucleosides are sucrase inhibitors in humans as well as rats. Blood glucose and insulin responses were examined in 23 healthy volunteers (18 males and 5 females) administered sucrose with inosine and 8 (males) administered sucrose with adenosine. The initial increase in plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations at 30 min after loading sucrose (50 g) alone were significantly reduced by co-administration of inosine (2.5 and 1.0 g) or adenosine (2.5 g). The total increases in the areas under the plasma glucose and serum insulin concentration curves for 3 h after administration of the same amount of sucrose with inosine were also significantly less than those when the volunteers were administered sucrose alone. These results in humans agree with the findings obtained in our previous studies in rats. These nucleosides may be used as one of the components of artificial sweeteners when mixed with sucrose and may be useful as food additives to suppress increases in blood glucose and insulin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contents of fructo-oligosaccharides and fructo-polysaccharides and activities of fructosyltransferases and invertase in asparagus roots harvested between July and November were studied by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Contents of total sugar and fructo-oligosaccharides and fructo-polysaccharides were very low in July, and then increased until September. During this period, sucrose accumulated first, second trisaccharides, and then tetra-, penta- and higher-saccharides increased in that order. 1-Kestose was the most predominant fructo-oligosaccharide isomer [degree of polymerization (DP) 3 ∼ 6]. The fructo-polysaccharide of DP ⩾ 9 was 12.8 ∼ 21.7 % of total sugar from September to November; polysaccharides estimated to be DP 20 ∼ 22 were just detectable. SSTF activities were very low in July, rose to a maximum in September and then decreased. Change in activity of SST was responsible for change in contents of sucrose and 1-kestose from July to November. 1F- fructosyltransferase (1F-FT) activities increased until September, were almost constant from October to November and then decreased slightly 6°-fructosyltransferase (6°-FT) reached its highest activity early in October, 6F-SST (6-kestose producing enzyme) activity was very slight from July to November and was ∼ 1/1000 of SST activity in September. This activity does not contribute to the enzymatic synthesis of the saccharides of asparagus roots. Invertase activity was nearly constant throughout. The change of activities of SST, 1F-FT and 6°-FT paralleled closely the accumulation of sucrose, 1-kestose, neokestose and other saccharides. In vitro synthesis of fructo-oligosaccharides from sucrose at 0.4, 0.1 and 0.05 M, or from 1-kestose was investigated in a fraction prepared from asparagus roots harvested in September. 1-Kestose was investigated in a fraction prepared from asparagus roots harvested in September. 1-Kestose (isokestose, 3a), neokestose (3b), nystose (4a), 1F (1-B-D-fructofuranosyl)m-6(1-B-D-Fructofuranosyl)-Sucrose (4b: m = 0, n = 2; 4c: m = 1, n = 1, 5a: m = 3, n = 0; 5b m = 0, n = 3; 5c: m = 2, n = 1; 5d: m = 1, n = 2) and a mixture of hexasaccharide-isomers were synthesized from 0.4M source in 60h. In 0.05 and 0.1 M source unidentified heptasaccharides were also produced. Octa- and higher-saccharide, as well as the saccharides synthesized from sucrose, were also produced. Octa- and higher-saccharide, as well as the saccharides synthesized from sucrose, were formed from 0.1 M 1-kestose. All of the saccharides synthesized from sucrose or 1-kestose by the asparagus enzyme preparation were identical to saccharides occurring naturally in the roots of asparagus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]