Search

Your search keyword '"Shiobara M"' showing total 202 results
Start Over Author "Shiobara M"
202 results on '"Shiobara M"'

1. Long-term results of Tokyo Children's Cancer Study Group trials for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 1984–1999

Author

Tsuchida, M, Ohara, A, Manabe, A, Kumagai, M, Shimada, H, Kikuchi, A, Mori, T, Saito, M, Akiyama, M, Fukushima, T, Koike, K, Shiobara, M, Ogawa, C, Kanazawa, T, Noguchi, Y, Oota, S, Okimoto, Y, Yabe, H, Kajiwara, M, Tomizawa, D, Ko, K, Sugita, K, Kaneko, T, Maeda, M, Inukai, T, Goto, H, Takahashi, H, Isoyama, K, Hayashi, Y, Hosoya, R, and Hanada, R

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Cirrus cloud radiative and microphysical properties from ground observations and in situ measurements during FIRE 1991 and their application to exhibit problems in cirrus solar radiative transfer modeling

Author

Kinne, S., Akerman, T.P., Shiobara, M., Uchiyama, A., Heymsfield, A.J., Miloshevich, L., Wendell, J., Eloranta, E.W., Purgold, C., and Bergstrom, R.W.

Subjects
Clouds -- Research, Cloud physics -- Research, Earth sciences, Science and technology
Abstract

Measurements from the FIRE 1991 cirrus cloud field experiment in the central United States are presented and analyzed. The first part focuses on cirrus microphysical properties. Aircraft 2D-probe in situ data at different cloud altitudes were evaluated for cirrus cases on four different days. Also presented are simultaneous data samples from balloonborne videosondes. Only these balloonsondes could detect the smaller crystals. Their data suggest (at least for midlatitude altitudes below 10 km) that ice crystals smaller than 15 [[micro]meter] in size are rare and that small ice crystals not detected by 2D-probe measurements are radiatively of minor importance, as overlooked 2D-probe crystals account for about 10% of the total extinction. The second part focuses on the link between cirrus cloud properties and radiation. With cloud macrophysical properties from surface remote sensing added to the microphysical data and additional radiation measurements at the surface, testbeds for radiative transfer models were created. To focus on scattering processes, model evaluations were limited to the solar radiative transfer by comparing calculated and measured transmissions of sunlight at the surface. Comparisons under cloud-free conditions already reveal a model bias of about +45 W [m.sup.-2] for the hemispheric solar downward broadband flux. This discrepancy, which is (at least in part) difficult to explain, has to be accounted for in comparisons involving clouds. Comparisons under cirrus cloud conditions identify as the major obstacle in cirrus solar radiative transfer modeling the inability of one-dimensional radiative transfer models to account for horizontal inhomogeneities. The successful incorporation of multidimensional radiative transfer effects will depend not only on better models but critically on the ability to measure and to define characteristic inhomogeneity scales of cloud fields. The relative minor error related to the microphysical treatment is in part a reflection of the improved understanding on solar scattering on ice crystals over the last decade and of the available wealth on ice-crystal size and shape data for this study. In absence of this information, uncertainties from microphysical cirrus model assumptions will remain high.

Published
1997

3. Regional Aerosol Optical Properties and Radiative Impact of the Extreme Smoke Event in the European Arctic in Spring 2006

Author

Lund Myhre, C, Toledano, C, Myhre, G, Stebel, K, Yttri, K, Aaltonen, V, Johnsrud, M, Frioud, M, Cachorro, V, deFrutos, A, Lihavainen, H, Campbell, J, Chaikovsky, A, Shiobara, M, Welton, E, and Torseth, K

Subjects
Environment Pollution
Abstract

In spring 2006 a special meteorological situation occurred in the European Arctic region giving record high levels of air pollution. The synoptic situation resulted in extensive transport of pollution predominantly from agricultural fires in Eastern Europe into the Arctic region and record high air-pollution levels were measured at the Zeppelin observatory at Ni-Alesun(78deg 54'N, 11deg 53'E) in the period from 25 April to 12 May. In the present study we investigate the optical properties of the aerosols from this extreme event and we estimate the radiative forcing of this episode. We examine the aerosol optical properties from the source region and into the European Arctic and explore the evolution of the episode and the changes in the optical properties. A number of sites in Eastern Europe, Northern Scandinavia and Svalbard are included in the study. In addition to AOD measurements, we explored lidar measurements from Minsk, ALOMAR (Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research at Andenes) and Ny-Alesund. For the AERONET sites included (Minsk, Toravere, Hornsund) we have further studied the evolution of the aerosol size. Importantly, at Svalbard it is consistency between the AERONET measurements and calculations of single scattering albedo based on aerosol chemical composition. We have found strong agreement between the satellite dally MODIS AOD and the ground-based AOD observations. This agreement is crucial for the radiative forcing calculations. We calculate a strong negative radiative forcing for the most polluted days employing the analysed ground based data, MODIS AOD and a multi-stream model for radiative transfer of solar radiation.

Published
2007

4. Year-Round In Situ Measurements of Arctic Low-Level Clouds : Microphysical Properties and Their Relationships With Aerosols

Author

Koike, M., Ukita, J., Ström, Johan, Tunved, Peter, Shiobara, M., Vitale, V., Lupi, A., Baumgardner, D., Ritter, C., Hermansen, O., Yamada, K., Pedersen, C. A., Koike, M., Ukita, J., Ström, Johan, Tunved, Peter, Shiobara, M., Vitale, V., Lupi, A., Baumgardner, D., Ritter, C., Hermansen, O., Yamada, K., and Pedersen, C. A.

Abstract

Two years of continuous in situ measurements of Arctic low-level clouds have been made at the Mount Zeppelin Observatory (78 degrees 56N, 11 degrees 53E), in Ny-angstrom lesund, Spitsbergen. The monthly median value of the cloud particle number concentration (N-c) showed a clear seasonal variation: Its maximum appeared in May-July (658cm(-3)), and it remained low between October and March (87cm(-3)). At temperatures warmer than 0 degrees C, a clear correlation was found between the hourly N-c values and the number concentrations of aerosols with dry diameters larger than 70nm (N-70), which are proxies for cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). When clouds were detected at temperatures colder than 0 degrees C, some of the data followed the summertime N-c to N-70 relationship, while other data showed systematically lower N-c values. The lidar-derived depolarization ratios suggested that the former (CCN-controlled) and latter (CCN-uncontrolled) data generally corresponded to clouds consisting of supercooled water droplets and those containing ice particles, respectively. The CCN-controlled data persistently appeared throughout the year at Zeppelin. The aerosol-cloud interaction index (ACI=dlnN(c)/(3dlnN(70))) for the CCN-controlled data showed high sensitivities to aerosols both in the summer (clean air) and winter-spring (Arctic haze) seasons (0.220.03 and 0.250.02, respectively). The air parcel model calculations generally reproduced these values. The threshold diameters of aerosol activation (D-act), which account for the N-c of the CCN-controlled data, were as low as 30-50nm when N-70 was less than 30cm(-3), suggesting that new particle formation can affect Arctic cloud microphysics.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Seasonal Variations in High Arctic Free Tropospheric Aerosols Over Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Observed by Ground-Based Lidar

Author

Shibata, T., Shiraishi, K., Shiobara, M., Iwasaki, S., and Takano, T.

Subjects
free troposphere, seasonal variations, high Arctic, complex mixtures, aerosols, lidar
Abstract

Free tropospheric aerosols over the high Arctic were observed by lidar for about 4 years from March 2014 at Ny‐Ålesund (78.9°N, 11.9°E). Vertical profiles of aerosol backscattering coefficients at two wavelengths, 532 and 1,064 nm, and depolarization ratio at one wavelength, 532 nm, are derived from these observations. The aerosol backscattering coefficient, the particle depolarization ratio, and the color ratio (the ratio of the backscattering coefficients at the two wavelengths) are roughly proportional to mass concentration, nonsphericity, and size of the aerosol particles, respectively. The aerosol backscattering coefficients indicate that monthly averaged concentration of aerosols was largest in the lowest free troposphere at about 1 km in altitude and was an order of magnitude less at an about 10 km in altitude and that the concentration of aerosols was highest from late spring to summer and lowest from late summer to fall. The depolarization ratio was less than a few percent in the troposphere during the four observed years. The depolarization ratio and the color ratio were greatest from winter to spring and smallest from summer to fall. The maxima in the monthly averaged nonsphericity and size precede the maxima in the monthly averaged concentration by a few months, indicating a seasonal change in the morphology or the characteristics of the aerosol particles. The small particle depolarization ratio of less than a few percent is consistent with previous findings that Arctic free tropospheric aerosol particles in spring are composed of a mixture of liquid phase sulfate and soot particles., ファイル公開：2019-05-16

Published
2018

10. Seasonal variation of coarse aerosol particle concentration at Syowa Station, Antarctica

Author

Kazuo Osada, Hayashi, M., Hara, K., Yabuki, M., Wada, M., Shiobara, M., Yamanouchi, T., and Fujita, K.

Subjects
lcsh:G1-922, lcsh:Geography (General)
Abstract

Number-size distributions (D_p>0.3 μm) of atmospheric aerosol particles were measured at Syowa Station, Antarctica, from February 2004 to January 2006. Volume concentrations of coarse particles (D_p 1.0-5.0 μm) were low in December to January and high in the rest of the year. To identify factors controlling the seasonal variation of coarse particle concentrations at Syowa Station, seasonal variations of wind speed distribution over the Southern Ocean, sea ice extent, wind speed at the edge of sea ice and at Syowa Station, and seasonal patterns of backward air trajectories were compared with the volume concentrations of coarse particles. Patterns of backward air trajectories and changes in size distributions of coarse particles associated with sea ice extent suggest changes in major source areas of sea salt particles observed at Syowa Station: coastal areas near Syowa in February and March, but far north of the sea ice edge, around 60゜ south, in October.

Published
2010

11. Long-term monitoring of aerosol optical characteristics by using sky radiometer at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard

Author

Kazuma Aoki, Yabuki, M., and Shiobara, M.

Subjects
lcsh:G1-922, lcsh:Geography (General)
Abstract

Sky radiometer measurement has been continued at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard (78.93N, 11.86E, Alt. 30 m) in the Arctic region, since March 2000. In this study, we present the temporal variation and the relationship of Angstrom parameters (i.e., aerosol optical thickness and Angstrom exponent) at Ny-Alesund. The results of long-term measurements show clear seasonal trends of the aerosol optical thickness at 0.5 μm with maximum in spring and minimum at the end of summer, and of the Angstrom exponent with temporal increase in spring to summer.

Published
2010

13. Impact of North American intense fires on aerosol optical properties measured over the European Arctic in July 2015

Author

Markowicz, K. M., primary, Pakszys, P., additional, Ritter, C., additional, Zielinski, T., additional, Udisti, R., additional, Cappelletti, D., additional, Mazzola, M., additional, Shiobara, M., additional, Xian, P., additional, Zawadzka, O., additional, Lisok, J., additional, Petelski, T., additional, Makuch, P., additional, and Karasiński, G., additional

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Impact of North American intense fires on aerosol optical properties measured over the European Arctic in July 2015

Author

Markowicz, K.M., Pakszys, P., Ritter, Christoph, Zielinski, T., Udisti, R., Cappelletti, D., Mazzola, M., Shiobara, M., Lynch, P., Zawadzka, O., Lisok, J., Petelski, T., Makuch, P., Karasinki, G., Markowicz, K.M., Pakszys, P., Ritter, Christoph, Zielinski, T., Udisti, R., Cappelletti, D., Mazzola, M., Shiobara, M., Lynch, P., Zawadzka, O., Lisok, J., Petelski, T., Makuch, P., and Karasinki, G.

Abstract

In this paper impact of intensive biomass burning (BB) in North America in July 2015, on aerosol optical and microphysical properties measured in the European Arctic is discussed. This study was made within the framework of the Impact of Absorbing Aerosols on radiating forcing in the European Arctic (iAREA) project. During the BB event aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm exceeded 1.2 in Spitsbergen and 0.7 in Andenes (Norway). Ångström Exponent (AE) exceeded 1.4 while the absorbing Ångström Exponent (AAE) varied between 1 and 1.25. BB aerosols were observed in humid atmosphere with a total water vapor column between 2 and 2.5 cm. In such conditions aerosols are activated and may produce clouds at different altitudes. Vertical structure of aerosol plumes over Svalbard, obtained from ceilometers and lidars, shows variability of range corrected signal between surface and middle and upper troposphere. Aerosol backscattering coefficients show values up to 10 -5m-1sr-1at 532 nm. Aerosol surface observations indicate chemical composition typical for biomass burning particles and very high single scattering properties. Scattering and absorption coefficients at 530 nm were up to 130 and 15 Mm-1, respectively. Single scattering albedo at the surface varied from 0.9 to 0.94. The averaged values over the entire atmospheric column, ranged from 0.93 to 0.99. Preliminary statistics of model and sunphotometer data as well as previous studies indicate that this event, in the Arctic region, must be considered extreme (such AOD was not observed in Svalbard since 2005) with a significant impact on energy budget.

Published
2016

15. 1997-2010年に昭和基地で観測された南極ヘイズ

Author

Hara, K., Osada, K., Hayashi, M., Yabuki, M., Shiobara, M., Morimoto, S., and Yamanouchi, T.

Abstract

Remarkable aerosol enhancement phenomena (Antarctic haze) have been observed at Syowa Station, Antarctica, in spite of isolation from the other continents in mid-latitudes. To elucidate seasonal features and vertical features of Antarctic haze, aerosol monitoring data taken by OPC, CPC, and MPL were analyzed in this study. Aerosol enhancement near surface occured twice – eight times a year (mean, 4.4 times a year) in 1997 – 2010. Typical duration of the phenomena was 20 – 60 hrs near surface at Syowa Station. MPL data indicated that aerosol enhancement was identified mostly in boundary layer – lower free troposphere (, 第4回極域科学シンポジウム個別セッション：[OM] 気水圏11月14日（木） 統計数理研究所 ３階セミナー室１（D305）

Published
2013

16. General lectures (II)

Author

Segawa, K., Nakazawa, S., Koide, N., Imai, K., Matsuo, N., Yamamoto, Y., Shiobara, M., Shimada, H., Kawai, K., Machida, K., Okabe, N., Hoshi, Y., Koizumi, Y., Watanuki, T., Hiroshima, Y., Matsusaka, Y., Katase, K., Sakuma, Y., Matoba, N., Murata, N., Toyama, Y., Murai, S., Nukaga, A., Ishimatsu, N., Watanabe, Y., Abe, M., Ono, Y., Hirai, K., Iwabuchi, S., Suzuki, K., Aoki, T., Masamura, K., Yoshida, K., Ikeuchi, J., Nagao, F., Kobayashi, A., Toriie, S., Nakajima, M., Kohli, M., Ida, K., Kawai, K., Masuda, M., Hattori, T., Fujita, S., Tamada, T., Inoue, K., Usui, T., Yamaya, S., Ohtsuka, K., Shiraki, Y., Fujishima, S., Tochikubo, O., Miyamoto, S., Ueda, A., Asano, K., Kunisada, M., Miyake, H., Fujii, Y., Yoshimoto, S., Hiramatsu, K., Nakano, S., Takeda, T., Kitamura, K., Horiguchi, Y., Okada, K., Okada, M., Kuwabara, T., Tanaka, M., Konno, K., Hattori, T., Isobe, K., Iwasaki, A., Unoura, T., Matsumoto, M., Yoshida, T., Takahashi, I., Abe, M., Maeda, H., Hayashi, T., Koizumi, H., Iwasaki, M., Takahashi, K., Honda, T., Ariga, K., Mohri, S., Suga, Y., Ono, T., Kobayashi, K., Mizuno, T., Sameshima, Y., Shiozaki, Y., Sasakawa, M., Hiramatsu, A., Ikehara, K., Nagata, T., Tatsumi, K., Abe, M., Aoki, M., Iwasaki, S., Aizawa, T., Kajiwara, K., Sata, K., Omata, S., Imamura, K., Kondo, K., Sajima, H., Sato, Y., Kiryu, H., Mimoto, S., Masuoka, T., Kira, K., Mizumoto, R., Kuratsuka, H., Honjo, I., Hojo, Y., Nakajima, H., Tosaka, T., Arai, O., Kobayashi, N., Obata, N., Ito, S., Takaoka, T., Uragami, Y., Kitamura, Y., Kishi, S., Fujii, S., Okuda, H., Hirano, K., Kano, H., Ogino, M., Ueda, Y., Nishiwaki, K., Iwamura, N., Aoki, T., Hiramatsu, K., Kamada, T., Suematsu, T., Fusamoto, H., Okuda, H., Abe, H., Katayama, S., Yamaguchi, K., Fukuda, M., Ishii, T., Kaito, I., Sato, S., Sasaki, H., Onodera, H., Yamanaka, M., Akagi, K., Miyazaki, S., Okumura, M., Omae, T., Nakamura, Y., Wada, M., Nakai, Y., Inoue, S., Arima, T., Yamasaki, S., Takano, T., Katsuta, Y., Yano, T., Isoda, K., Aramaki, T., Fukuda, N., Ichikawa, T., Okumura, H., Adachi, Y., Inoue, R., Iwasaki, Y., Tanaka, S., Yamamoto, T., Wakisaka, G., Nakaya, H., Takase, S., Ikegami, F., Takada, A., Kobayashi, K., Takeuchi, J., Kato, Y., Funayama, A., Kakumu, S., Ito, S., Okuyama, S., Taoka, Y., Endo, T., Chizuka, R., Yanagida, T., Chizuka, S., Usui, H., Ando, T., Takai, T., Wakahara, T., Kojima, M., Fukazawa, T., Takahashi, Y., Miyamura, S., Urakawa, T., Shima, T., Miyaji, K., Okazaki, T., Kashimura, S., Koyama, K., Yamauchi, H., Matsuo, Y., Takagi, Y., Muto, I., Owada, Y., Otowa, T., Sato, T., Naito, C., Okada, K., Sugawara, K., Nokiba, T., Fujii, Y., Kido, H., Sasaki, M., Sugai, Y., Nishimura, G., Nanbu, H., Kamiyama, Y., Yamada, T., Yamaoka, Y., Takeda, H., Ohsawa, T., Kamano, T., Mizukami, T., Kitamura, O., Ozawa, K., Takasan, H., Honjo, I., Miyasaki, R., Katayama, T., Amakawa, T., Hirose, K., Furukawa, Y., Noguchi, M., Okamoto, M., Maezawa, H., Tanaka, N., Yamada, S., Hisata, T., Hata, C., Sawa, J., Kato, Y., Mituda, Y., Oohira, S., Hayasaka, A., Okuyama, T., Fukui, S., Takeda, T., Furuichi, T., Yamamitsu, S., Yamauchi, K., Konishi, Y., Maeda, S., Setoyama, S., Otsuji, S., Ibata, T., Niu, H., Ogawa, A., Tujioka, E., Maeda, T., Takewa, M., Matumoto, T., Tamada, K., Maeda, A., Sumita, H., Iseki, Y., Yukawa, S., Nitta, Y., Isida, K., Nomoto, H., Setoyama, S., Maeda, S., Otsuji, S., Sato, R., Sato, G., Toyokawa, S., Yamamoto, G., Ohtomi, S., Haga, M., Ueno, Y., Fukuda, M., Endo, R., Yokota, T., Ohsawa, J., Kohno, A., Ohtoshi, E., Yasugi, H., Ichikawa, H., Mizumoto, R., Honjo, I., Ando, K., Suzuki, H., Nishiwaki, T., Kishimoto, T., Miki, T., Takeshige, K., Sawada, M., Hidemura, R., Yamamoto, S., Itoh, S., Kashiwagi, T., Kishida, M., Imamura, O., Suematus, T., Kamada, T., Sakoda, K., Kawada, T., Arima, Y., Kamimura, T., Takesue, M., Katsuki, T., Akita, H., Yakeishi, Y., Takehisa, I., Miyasato, K., Yoshida, H., Hidemura, R., Kubota, K., Aoki, S., Suzuki, S., Kishimoto, T., Miyahara, T., Ando, K., Nishiwaki, T., Miki, T., Takeshige, K., Sawada, M., Itoh, S., Yamamoto, S., Fujiwara, K., Sakai, T., Oda, T., Igarashi, S., Fukuhara, M., Tsujii, T., Tamura, T., Matsuoka, Y., Takahashi, H., Sakamoto, T., Fukuda, S., Oku, M., Matsui, T., Morita, T., Oyazato, Y., Kimura, K., Moriya, W., Fukui, S., Suzuki, K., Morimoto, S., Tsuiki, S., Shoji, K., Nakai, Y., Hata, M., Kubo, J., Yoshizawa, K., Nagayama, K., Ozawa, Y., Yoshida, M., Horiguchi, M., Machii, A., Nitta, Y., Aiso, Y., Kitahara, N., Kitazawa, E., Fukuda, K., Saiti, N., Murakami, Y., Nao, Y., Okazaki, I., Funatsu, K., Maruyama, K., Takagi, B., Yasuraoka, S., Ishii, K., Matsuzaki, S., Takahashi, H., Ishii, H., Kamegaya, K., Sambe, K., Ishikawa, H., Tajima, Y., Kuroda, A., Ishihara, Y., Sato, N., Ishikawa, I., Noro, T., Kakumoto, Y., Mekjian, H. S., Thomford, N. R., Yokomura, T., Adachi, S., Yamamoto, A., Saito, I., Kawamura, A., Miyata, M., Kasai, S., Kawanishi, N., Tamaki, A., Mito, M., Kasai, Y., Hasumi, A., Uchiyama, T., Tachikawa, Y., Takanashi, T., Kanke, T., Matsuda, K., Takanashi, T., Kanke, T., Matsuda, K., Hamana, G., Sakuma, M., Sugita, T., Tomita, K., Yamasaki, S., Tsuzuki, T., Uekusa, M., Matsuzaki, M., Takagi, B., Tsuchiya, M., Uchimura, M., Murohisa, T., Muto, Y., Ishigaki, J., Waki, S., Tsuchiya, R., Sho, M., Furukawa, M., Suzuki, N., Nagashima, H., Matsushiro, T., Saitoh, T., Nakamura, N., Hatanaka, T., Kobayashi, N., Nakamura, Y., Sato, T., Tooi, K., Tanaka, Y., Kadokura, N., Okada, Y., Yanakgi, I., Tanaka, N., Sekiya, V. M., Adachi, K., Miyashita, M., Moriyama, Y., Onda, M., Yoshioka, M., Teraoka, T., Shimizu, Y., Fujishima, G., Ookawa, K., Miki, M., Shirota, A., Aihara, K., Shiga, T., Sano, H., Hayashi, S., Hori, M., Sato, H., Chuman, Y., Tsukase, S., Nakahara, N., Ehira, S., Setoyama, S., Nishimata, H., Irisa, T., Tokutome, K., Nakashima, Y., Koga, H., Yokoyama, H., Otsuji, T., Chujo, Y., Yamamoto, T., Gotoda, S., Uchiyama, S., Kosaki, G., Ohkura, H., Mukojima, T., Hattori, N., Sasaki, O., Soejima, K., Inokuchi, K., Utsunomiya, J., Maki, T., Iwama, T., Matsunaga, Y., Shimomura, T., Nakajima, T., Ichikawa, S., Miyanaga, T., Sengoku, K., Hamaguchi, E., Aoki, N., Nomura, T., Matsuoka, A., Suzuki, N., Nagahama, A., Kazumi, T., Miyawaki, H., Sakamoto, T., Miyasaki, K., Kato, K., Miyazaki, Y., Harada, N., Yamada, K., Tashiro, S., Sakai, K., Ho, N., Murayama, H., Yada, M., Sakabe, T., Shimizu, H., Kuroki, M., Nishida, S., Kato, K., Ishiyama, S., Yukawa, K., Hayashi, M., Soh, K., Doi, K., Fukuda, M., Nakagawa, A., Yukawa, E., Uematsu, Y., Nara, K., Hattori, H., Watanabe, M., Yoshida, H., Sato, K., Okuse, S., Sato, K., Murotani, T., Takasu, S., Konta, M., Uchiya, T., Fujimaki, N., Yoshida, K., Yoshikawa, K., Uchida, M., Nakamura, N., Nagao, F., Kawana, S., Tamura, K., Hashimoto, T., Kobayashi, K., Hara, T., Nosaka, J., Fukui, O., Inaba, E., Otsukasa, S., Sanada, K., Hiraide, H., Senyo, G., Ootani, A., Nakayama, T., Takei, S., Miki, H., Tanaka, M., Minota, S., Nakayama, K., Nakagawa, K., Shiraishi, T., Kawauchi, H., Nagaya, H., Mizushima, K., Tachimi, Y., Namiki, M., Masuda, K., Mitsutani, N., Mukuta, T., Koizumi, T., Takeuchi, T., Nemoto, T., Takabayashi, H., Takagi, M., Hongo, Y., Kojima, H., Nishimura, M., Hino, S., Hirayama, J., Nakamura, M., Irisa, T., Koga, S., Hirayama, C., Kikuch, S., Ito, M., Hidano, S., Ooya, T., Banno, H., Tomura, A., Kato, K., Koyama, T., Takei, T., Tomimura, T., Yamauchi, M., Kobayashi, K., Nakaya, Y., Takase, S., Kato, Y., Takeuchi, J., Ikegami, F., Matsuda, Y., Takada, A., Udo, K., Kojima, M., Hukuda, N., Kametani, M., Miyagawa, T., Wakahara, T., Takahashi, Y., Imaeda, T., Senda, K., Fujita, S., Okubo, H., Kanoda, K., Miyashita, B., Ishizuka, H., Goto, T., Oto, K., Kaneda, H., Hase, M., Matsuda, J., Kawai, T., Ikehara, H., Baba, S., Ishii, M., Tozawa, T., Inoue, E., Mizuno, N., Saeki, S., Nakaji, T., Narabayashi, T., Okuno, T., Yamada, H., Tanno, M., Chiba, K., Iio, M., Shibata, K., Furuhashi, F., Mizuochi, K., Ohashi, S., Kato, K., Nakano, M., Otsuka, S., Irie, M., Akima, M., Maruyama, Y., Oyamada, F., Nagata, E., Kubo, Y., Arishima, T., Otsuyama, Y., Kaneto, A., Shimogawa, Y., Tanigawa, K., Okabe, N., Nakajima, K., Onishi, S., Kasahara, A., Shimizu, T., Ikehara, Y., Tajima, H., Okamoto, A., Komibuchi, T., Negoro, T., Nihonsugi, A., Ishii, M., Tozawa, T., Ogawa, Y., Otani, H., Ishida, M., Yashima, H., Shoji, K., Tsuiki, S., Morimoto, S., Nakai, Y., Ryo, M., Ozawa, Y., Tanaka, T., Horiguchi, M., Taketa, K., Watanabe, A., Yumoto, Y., Tanaka, A., Takesue, A., Aoe, H., Ueda, M., Shimamura, J., Kosaka, K., Kashiwara, E., Orita, K., Konaga, E., Suzuki, K., Tanaka, S., Kaneda, S., Ogawa, K., Tamura, H., Okanishi, S., Ueda, T., Horie, H., Kamachi, M., Asihara, T., Daido, R., Izumi, T., Kurihara, M., Sumida, M., Haraikawa, M., Hayakawa, H., Shirakabe, H., Yasui, A., Noguchi, M., Okamoto, M., Furukawa, Y., Miyasaki, R., Hirose, K., Katayama, T., and Maezawa, H.

Published
1974
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. General Lectures-(II)

Author

Toriie, S., Nakajima, M., Kohli, Y., Takebayashi, M., Misaki, F., Kobayashi, A., Hashimoto, Y., Mitsuyoshi, Y., Ida, K., Kawai, K., Fujita, R., Kumura, F., Takahashi, M., Ohsawa, H., Hasegawa, Y., Kidokoro, T., Jojima, Y., Miyoshi, H., Okumura, Y., Yokouchi, A., Asano, H., Uehara, A., Oka, S., Saito, H., Yaginuma, M., Yamamoto, T., Asano, A., Nakamura, M., Okada, Y., Tomioka, T., Tamesue, N., Ikeda, S., Kunisaki, T., Emura, T., Yasumoto, M., Someya, N., Goto, A., Morokuma, K., Sakamoto, H., Kasaki, Y., Imamura, K., Amano, I., Iwanaga, K., Okugawa, N., Ninomiya, K., Yoshida, S., Okabe, N., Shimogawa, Y., Nakajima M., Ida, K., Akasaka, Y., Shimamoto, K., Misaki, F., Toriie, S., Tada, M., Sugawara, K., Chikayasu, I., Takeda, H., Kawai, K., Shibue, T., Yamaguchi, A., Osame, T., Shimada, K., Hori, M., Irisa, T., Miura, Y., Hanamure, B., Chuman, Y., Sato, H., Kizu, M., Kasugai, T., Kuno, N., Aoki, I., Nitta, Y., Machii, A., Murakami, Y., Aiso, Y., Kitahara, N., Yoshizawa, Y., Hishinuma, Y., Nao, Y., Ishiyama, K., Watanabe, M., Kimura, T., Hara, T., Sakaue, S., Shinoda, T., Ito, R., Hayashi, K., Sugie, H., Sekizawa, H., Nakamura, S., Kondo, J., Tanaka, E., Taniguchi, T., Kanayama, M., Koizumi, S., Watabiki, S., Ikeda, S., Tamura, K., Okada, Y., Arai, T., Saito, T., Tojo, S., Furuya, M., Hanaue, H., Ogoshi, K., Murohisa, B., Uchimura, M., Ishigaki, J., Waki, S., Nakafuji, H., Iida, F., Aratake, K., Nakano, T., Ono, N., Hara, I., Sassa, T., Takahashi, T., Inoue, J., Maruyama, Y., Mori, Y., Kawamura, T., Imai, F., Yorita, S., Saegusa, M., Ishihara, F., Asukata, I., Matsuda, M., Wakabayashi, K., Mitani, S., Sugahara, K., Ishikawa, K., Nakayoshi, A., Nakamoto, M., Kono, A., Oda, T., Sato, Y., Takahashi, T., Nagao, F., Nagano, M., Furusawa, T., Nakama, T., Itoh, H., Nishimura, M., Tsutsumi, K., Saito, H., Yoshida, K., Ito, H., Yoshimura, M., Yoshioka, K., Shimizu, T., Kuroda, C., Uchida, H., Ishida, O., Inoue, T., Hasegawa, S., Mitsusada, K., Kajiyama, Y., Matsuzawa, Y., Yokota, K., Hayashida, Y., Ikegudhi, S., Shida, S., Tsurumi, K., Ito, K., Kamiya, K., Takada, H., Ueno, S., Onda, M., Kojima, G., Shoji, E., Miyaji, M., Goto, K., Nitta, Y., Yazaki, Y., Ito, M., Kozuka, M., Tanabe, A., Murate, H., Takeuchi, T., Koshikawa, M., Kato, N., Maeda, K., Hayashi, K., Tsuru, T., Ooyama, I., Kukimoto, H., Nakashima, Y., Katsuki, T., Ueda, N., Kanno, T., Noda, A., Toda, Y., Hayakawa, T., Nakajima, S., Morishita, R., Furukawa, K., Ikeda, F., Fujii, M., Yamamoto, T., Wakisaka, G., Matasumoto, Y., Ono, H., Hirose, S., Kobayashi, K., Sawabu, N., Takeuchi, J., Kajikawa, K., Takada, A., Hirai, Y., Ohki, I., Sato, K., Tasaka, S., Sato, A., Aono, G., Kidokoro, T., Takezoe, K., Jojima, Y., Ohara, T., Soma, S., Ukawa, S., Yamaguchi, S., Shirahama, T., Sugiyama, K., Koyama, H., Haga, M., Arikawa, H., Toyokawa, H., Sato, R., Ueno, Y., Karasawa, Y., Onuma, H., Suzuki, H., Murakami, T., Yasui, A., Ichinose, Y., Hirase, Y., Okazaki, T., Takai, T., Watanabe, K., Kato, M., Yamada, M., Tsuji, T., Kunito, Y., Kobayashi, S., Udo, K., Iriyama, K., Sugiura, Y., Takahashi, Y., Kawamura, O., Ando, S., Hayashi, K., Tsuji, K., Yukawa, Y., Saito, N., Miyazawa, M., Imai, K., Tabayashi, T., Ito, H., Umehara, S., Watanabe, Y., Murai, S., Nukaga, A., Ishimatsu, N., Sotoyama, S., Abe, M., Hirai, K., Yoshida, K., Aoki, T., Nagao, F., Aoki, Y., Taniguchi, K., Wada, N., Tabuse, K., Yanagi, I., Tsuhada, K., Katsumi, M., Nakamura, K., Takemoto, K., Yamaura, Y., Karibe, N., Yamada, G., Ichikawa, H., Ogiwara, M., Matsushita, M., Kobayashi, I., Kusano, M., Yasuna, O., Hayashi, S., Yoshizumi, M., Kojima, Y., Matsubayashi, K., Yamamoto, T., Nishimura, R., Koga, M., Tachibana, M., Kurata, M., Suto, H., Ichinose, I., Ishizuka, K., Shimoda, M., Onai, M., Akiyama, T., Sekiguchi, T., Kobayashi, S., Matsuyoshi, M., Yonezawa, N., Kasamatsu, M., Yokota, Y., Toyoda, T., Uchimoto, I., Kanamoto, M., Fukai, Y., Sugawara, K., Katoh, M., Takebayashi, M., Mitsuyoshi, Y., Shimamoto, K., Nakamura, I., Tamura, M., Nishio, M., Mukaide, Y., Kuzumoto, Y., Ota, K., Yoshida, T., Sakamoto, A., Akiyama, T., Kaneko, S., Yanagida, M., Kishimoto, S., Miyaji, K., Shiraki, Y., Inoue, K., Tamada, T., Usui, T., Ohtsuka, K., Yamada, S., Fujishima, S., Tamiya, A., Saji, K., Ueda, A., Shiraki, Y., Inoue, K., Tamada, T., Usui, T., Ohtsuka, K., Yamada, S., Fujishima, S., Tamiya, A., Saji, K., Ueda, A., Yasutake, K., Irie, K., Ijiri, Y., Sato, H., Nishijima, H., Ogino, K., Okuno, T., Date, H., Yao, T., Koga, Y., Tomioka, T., Fuyuno, S., Okabe, H., Mitsui, H., Tamechika, Y., Masuda, N., Fujiwara, T., Sakimura, M., Okada, Y., Takamura, Y., Kono, T., Kurihara, M., Sumida, M., Izumi, T., Haraikawa, M., Hayakawa, H., Shirakabe, H., Yasui, A., Ushio, K., Okamoto, M., Noguchi, M., Kinoshita, A., Yamada, T., Ichikawa, H., Shimotori, K., Kudo, T., Mukaida, I., Ishikawa, H., Sato, K., Shirane, T., Kano, A., Suzuki, T., Tanaka, M., Iwanaga, T., Taniguchi, H., Inawashiro, M., Endo, N., Kawamura, T., Suzuki, Sh., Suzuki, H., Maki, T., Hayakawa, K., Ikezawa, H., Jao, C. C., Yamada, K., Nakamura, M., Tanaka, M., Maruyama, M., Nagasako, K., Oi, I., Kozu, T., Yamashita, K., Yokoyama, I., Endo, M., Takemoto, T., Nakayama, K., Hayakawa, R., Ishiguro, M., Nakano, H., Nakazawa, S., Tsuboi, Y., Yamase, H., Yamashita, T., Fujita, T., Ishikawa, Y., Ito, N., Mitsuno, T., Kanazawa, K., Yamashiro, M., Kubo, T., Iizuka, H., Watanabe, T., Sanada, M., Satoh, H., Shimada, H., Kusama, S., Ishikawa, K., Ikeda, K., Naramoto, J., Koga, M., Okazaki, Y., Nakamura, K., Kawamura, S., Fujimoto, S., Urayama, S., Matsuura, H., Sekitani, T., Sasayama, T., Nakagawa, K., Toyama, K., Nakagawa, S., Takada, T., Kusaka, K., Takaba, S., Satomura, A., Suzuki, T., Kawakami, Y., Watanabe, Y., Suzuki, H., Koike, T., Joh, S., Hara, T., Tamura, K., Kobayagawa, K., Hashimoto, T., Uemura, F., Fukui, O., Takahashi, M., Takasato, Y., Shirakawa, K., Hisamatsu, M., Saito, T., Ashizawa, S., Sakurane, Y., Miyamura, K., Sasaki, H., Katsumi, M., Ura, S., Emoto, M., Tatsumi, Y., Totsuka, Y., Chiba, N., Ozeki, M., Nakazawa, M., Takamura, S., Iida, F., Sawano, Y., Sugita, T., Funabiki, T., Watanabe, S., Moriya, T., Tomita, N., Nishida, K., Todo, A., Miyake, T., Suzaki, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Ariyoshi, J., Hajiro, K., Oishi, M., Yanagihara, K., Nakamura, A., Kuramata, H., Soeda, S., Kondo, N., Akashi, M., Hemmi, T., Kadono, H., Ito, T., Tsuchiya, R., Ikeda, Y., Futatsuki, K., Nomoto, S., Kino, I., Arai, M., Shimazu, H., Kobori, O., Ishikawa, K., Hiroshima, Y., Matsusaka, Y., Katase, K., Sakuma, Y., Murata, N., Komura, K., Ando, H., Ohara, K., Hayashi, A., Suzuki, M., Watanuki, T., Asano, T., Koide, N., Shiobara, M., Matsuo, N., Imai, K., Segawa, K., Nakazawa, S., Okabe, N., Kawai, K., Matsumoto, K., Shimada, H., Machida, K., Koizumi, Y., Hoshi, Y., Oi, M., Watanuki, T., Seki, H., Matsumura, M., Kimura, M., Yoshimura, M., Ishikawa, I., Kishi, S., Kondo, Y., Uchida, Y., Harada, H., Mandai, M., Kikuchi, T., Mishima, K., Yamagata, Y., Suyama, T., Kawagoe, K., Inagawa, T., Kishimoto, S., Sugiya, T., Kai, T., Miyoshi, A., Fukumoto, S., Watanabe, K., Kojo, H., Turuhara, I., Miyoshi, Y., Okamoto, K., Inata, H., Okamoto, H., Sakurai, S., Sugiyama, M., Sasaki, H., Miura, K., Kurihara, T., Sakumoto, K., Okita, E., Tanaka, H., Ishihara, K., Okawa, M., Okumura, Y., Watanabe, Y., Nishizaki, N., Murakami, T., Saito, K., Aoyagi, K., Hamaguchi, E., Kitamura, T., Matsuo, Y., Seki, A., Mori, H., Ishikawa, T., Nakajima, T., Shimomura, T., Sengoku, K., Aoyagi, K., Hamaguchi, E., Uchiya, Y., Yabana, T., Konta, M., Kamijo, K., Yachi, A., Okuse, S., Ohara, H., Sato, K., Wada, T., Kurata, M., Furuta, K., Nishii, M., Yamawaki, T., Nishii, K., Umeda, K., Yoshida, H., Ito, H., Okabayashi, T., Kato, Y., Yatsuji, Y., Suzuki, Y., Nomura, K., Matsumoto, K., Kamisaka, K., Motoki, T., Kamii, K., Kameda, H., Imamura, H., Uchiya, T., Ishizawa, M., Nishizaki, H., Murakami, T., Orimo, H., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, A., Orimo, H., Fujita, T., Oda, T., Itoh, Z., Honda, R., Takeuchi, S., Fukushima, T., Suda, T., Shinonaga, M., Ishiguro, N., Fujisawa, S., Nishiyama, K., and Ohkubo, T.

Published
1973
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Variations of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration at Syowa Station (69°00'S, 39°35' E), Antarctica

Author

Tanaka, M., Nakazawa, T., Shiobara, M., Ohshima, H., Aoki, S., Kawaguchi, S., Yamanouchi, T., Makino, Y., and Murayama, H.

Abstract

Precise measurements of the atmospheric C02 concentration were initiated at Syowa Station, Antarctica in 1983. Preliminary inspection of the data obtained up to the present showed that: (1) a regular diurnal variation is not observable; (2) irregular variations are sometimes observed with extremely small amplitudes of 0.2 ppmv at most; (3) a seasonal variation with the minimum concentration in mid-April and the maximum concentration in mid-October; and peak-to-peak amplitudes of about 1.2 ppmv are detected; (4) annual mean values of the C02 concentration are 341.2 and 342.6 ppmv for 1983 and 1984, respectively.DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1987.tb00271.x

Published
2011

19. Concentration variations of atmospheric CO2 over Syowa Station, Antarctica and their interpretation

Author

MURAYAMA, S., NAKAZAWA, T., YAMAZAKI, K., AOKI, S., MAKINO, Y., SHIOBARA, M., FUKABORI, M., YAMANOUCHI, T., SHIMIZU, A., HAYASHI, M., KAWAGUCHI, S., and TANAKA, M.

Abstract

Aircraft and ground-based measurements of the atmospheric CO2 concentration have been made at Syowa Station, Antarctica since January 1983. The minimum concentration of the average seasonal CO2 cycle occurs in March throughout the troposphere, while the maximum concentration appears in mid-August in the upper troposphere and in late September in the lower and middle troposphere. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the cycle decreases slightly with height. The CO2 concentration increases with height during most of the year, but from late winter to spring this height dependency is minimal. To examine the contribution of the atmospheric transport processes to these variations of the CO2 concentration, a 3-dimensional trajectory analysis was performed using data from the US National Meteorological Center. From the results obtained, it is postulated that northern hemispheric air with relatively high CO2 concentration is transported to the antarctic region through the upper troposphere from late fall to winter, while air with low CO2 concentration is transported from the southern hemisphere middle latitudes into the antarctic region through the lower troposphere in the remaining seasons. It is hypothesized that these air transport processes could influence CO2 variations over the station.DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.47.issue4.1.x

Published
2011

21. Measurement of black carbon at Syowa station, Antarctica: seasonal variation, transport processes and pathways

Author

Hara, K., Osada, K., Yabuki, M., Hayashi, M., Yamanouchi, T., Shiobara, M., Wada, M., EGU, Publication, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Department of Earth System Science and Technology [Fukuoka] (ESST), Kyushu University [Fukuoka], and Environmental Science

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

International audience; Measurement of black carbon (BC) was carried out at Syowa station Antarctica (69° S, 39° E) from February 2004 until January 2007. The BC concentration at Syowa ranged from below detection to 176 ng m?3 during the measurements. Higher BC concentrations were observed mostly under strong wind (blizzard) conditions due to the approach of a cyclone and blocking event. The BC-rich air masses traveled from the lower troposphere of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans to Syowa (Antarctic coast). During the summer (November?February), the BC concentration showed a diurnal variation together with surface wind speed and increased in the katabatic wind from the Antarctic continent. Considering the low BC source strength in the Antarctic continent, the higher BC concentration in the continental air (katabatic wind) might be caused by long range transport of BC via the free troposphere from mid- and low- latitudes. The seasonal variation of BC at Syowa had a maximum in August, while at the other coastal stations (Halley, Neumayer, and Ferraz) and the continental station (Amundsen-Scott), the maximum occurred in October. This difference may result from different transport pathways and scavenging of BC by precipitation during the transport from the source regions. During the austral summer, long-range transport of BC via the free troposphere is likely to make an important contribution to the ambient BC concentration. The BC transport flux indicated that BC injection into the Antarctic region strongly depended on the frequency of storm (blizzard) conditions. The seasonal variation of BC transport flux increased by 290 mg m?2 month?1 in winter?spring when blizzards frequently occurred, whereas the flux decreased to lower than 50 mg m?2 month?1 in the summer with infrequent blizzards.

Published
2008

22. Arctic smoke ? record high air pollution levels in the European Arctic due to agricultural fires in Eastern Europe in spring 2006

Author

Stohl, A., Berg, T., John Burkhart, Fjæraa, A. M., Forster, C., Herber, A., Hov, Ø., Lunder, C., Mcmillan, W. W., Oltmans, S., Shiobara, M., Simpson, D., Solberg, S., Stebel, K., Ström, J., Tørseth, K., Treffeisen, R., Virkkunen, K., Yttri, K. E., Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), University of California, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Department of Applied Environmental Science [Stockholm] (ITM), Stockholm University, Arctic Centre, and Department of Chemistry

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

International audience; In spring 2006, the European Arctic was abnormally warm, setting new historical temperature records. During this warm period, smoke from agricultural fires in Eastern Europe intruded into the European Arctic and caused the most severe air pollution episodes ever recorded there. This paper confirms that biomass burning (BB) was indeed the source of the observed air pollution, studies the transport of the smoke into the Arctic, and presents an overview of the observations taken during the episode. Fire detections from the MODIS instruments aboard the Aqua and Terra satellites were used to estimate the BB emissions. The FLEXPART particle dispersion model was used to show that the smoke was transported to Spitsbergen and Iceland, which was confirmed by MODIS retrievals of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and AIRS retrievals of carbon monoxide (CO) total columns. Concentrations of halocarbons, carbon dioxide and CO, as well as levoglucosan and potassium, measured at Zeppelin mountain near Ny Ålesund, were used to further corroborate the BB source of the smoke at Spitsbergen. The ozone (O3) and CO concentrations were the highest ever observed at the Zeppelin station, and gaseous elemental mercury was also elevated. A new O3 record was also set at a station on Iceland. The smoke was strongly absorbing ? black carbon concentrations were the highest ever recorded at Zeppelin ? and strongly perturbed the radiation transmission in the atmosphere: aerosol optical depths were the highest ever measured at Ny Ålesund. We furthermore discuss the aerosol chemical composition, obtained from filter samples, as well as the aerosol size distribution during the smoke event. Photographs show that the snow at a glacier on Spitsbergen became discolored during the episode and, thus, the snow albedo was reduced. Samples of this polluted snow contained strongly elevated levels of potassium, sulphate, nitrate and ammonium ions, thus relating the discoloration to the deposition of the smoke aerosols. This paper shows that, to date, BB has been underestimated as a source of aerosol and air pollution for the Arctic, relative to emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Given its significant impact on air quality over large spatial scales and on radiative processes, the practice of agricultural waste burning should be banned in the future.

Published
2007

23. Arctic smoke ? record high air pollution levels in the European Arctic due to agricultural fires in Eastern Europe

Author

Stohl, A., Berg, T., Burkhart, J. F., Fjæraa, A. M., Forster, C., Herber, A., Hov, Ø., Lunder, C., Mcmillan, W. W., Oltmans, S., Shiobara, M., Simpson, D., Solberg, S., Stebel, K., StrÖm, J., Tørseth, K., Treffeisen, R., Virkkunen, K., Yttri, K. E., Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), University of California, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Department of Applied Environmental Science [Stockholm] (ITM), Stockholm University, Arctic Centre, and Department of Chemistry

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

International audience; In spring 2006, the European Arctic was abnormally warm, setting new historical temperature records. During this warm period, smoke from agricultural fires in Eastern Europe intruded into the European Arctic and caused the most severe air pollution episodes ever recorded there. This paper confirms that biomass burning (BB) was indeed the source of the observed air pollution, studies the transport of the smoke into the Arctic, and presents an overview of the observations taken during the episode. Fire detections from the MODIS instruments aboard the Aqua and Terra satellites were used to estimate the BB emissions. The FLEXPART particle dispersion model was used to show that the smoke was transported to Spitsbergen and Iceland, which was confirmed by MODIS retrievals of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and AIRS retrievals of carbon monoxide (CO) total columns. Concentrations of halocarbons, carbon dioxide and CO, as well as levoglucosan and potassium, measured at Zeppelin mountain near Ny Ålesund, were used to further corroborate the BB source of the smoke at Spitsbergen. The ozone (O3) and CO concentrations were the highest ever observed at the Zeppelin station, and gaseous elemental mercury was also enhanced. A new O3 record was also set at a station on Iceland. The smoke was strongly absorbing ? black carbon concentrations were the highest ever recorded at Zeppelin ?, and strongly perturbed the radiation transmission in the atmosphere: aerosol optical depths were the highest ever measured at Ny Ålesund. We furthermore discuss the aerosol chemical composition, obtained from filter samples, as well as the aerosol size distribution during the smoke event. Photographs show that the snow at a glacier on Spitsbergen became discolored during the episode and, thus, the snow albedo was reduced. Samples of this polluted snow contained strongly enhanced levels of potassium, sulphate, nitrate and ammonium ions, thus relating the discoloration to the deposition of the smoke aerosols. This paper shows that, to date, BB has been underestimated as a source of aerosol and air pollution for the Arctic, relative to emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Given its significant impact on air quality over large spatial scales and on radiative processes, the practice of agricultural waste burning should be banned in the future.

Published
2006

28. Ground-based lidar measurements from Ny-Ålesund during ASTAR 2007

Author

Hoffmann, Anja, Ritter, Christoph, Stock, Maria, Shiobara, M., Lampert, Astrid, Maturilli, Marion, Orgis, Thomas, Neuber, Roland, Herber, Andreas, Hoffmann, Anja, Ritter, Christoph, Stock, Maria, Shiobara, M., Lampert, Astrid, Maturilli, Marion, Orgis, Thomas, Neuber, Roland, and Herber, Andreas

Published
2009

30. Arctic smoke - record high air pollution levels in the European Arctic due to agricultural fires in Eastern Europe

Author

Stohl, A., Berg, T., Burkhart, J. F., Fjaraa, A. M., Forster, C., Herber, Andreas, Hov, O., Lunder, C., McMillan, W. W., Oltmans, S., Shiobara, M., Simpson, D., Solberg, S., Stebel, K., Ström, J., Torseth, K., Treffeisen, Renate, Virkkunen, K., Yttri, K. E., Stohl, A., Berg, T., Burkhart, J. F., Fjaraa, A. M., Forster, C., Herber, Andreas, Hov, O., Lunder, C., McMillan, W. W., Oltmans, S., Shiobara, M., Simpson, D., Solberg, S., Stebel, K., Ström, J., Torseth, K., Treffeisen, Renate, Virkkunen, K., and Yttri, K. E.

Published
2007

31. Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol and Radiation (ASTAR) 2000: Arctic haze case study

Author

Yamanouchi, T., Treffeisen, Renate, Herber, Andreas, Shiobara, M., Yamagata, S., Hara, K., Sato, K., Yabuki, M., Tomikawa, Y., Rinke, Annette, Neuber, Roland, Schumacher, R., Kriews, Michael, Ström, J., Schrems, Otto, Gernandt, Hartwig, Yamanouchi, T., Treffeisen, Renate, Herber, Andreas, Shiobara, M., Yamagata, S., Hara, K., Sato, K., Yabuki, M., Tomikawa, Y., Rinke, Annette, Neuber, Roland, Schumacher, R., Kriews, Michael, Ström, J., Schrems, Otto, and Gernandt, Hartwig

Abstract

The ASTAR 2000 (Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol and Radiation) campaign ran from 12 March until 25 April 2000 with extensive flight operations in the vicinity of Svalbard (Norway) from Longyearbyen airport (78.25°N, 15.49°E). It was a joint Japanese (NIPR Tokyo)German (AWI Bremerhaven/Potsdam) airborne measurement campaign using AWI aircraft POLAR 4 (Dornier 228-101). Simultaneous ground-based measurements were done at the international research site Ny-lesund (78.95°N, 11.93°E) in Svalbard, at the German Koldewey station, at the Japanese Rabben station and at the Scandinavian station at Zeppelin Mountain (475 m above sea level). During the campaign 19 profiles of various aerosol properties were measured. In general, the Arctic spring aerosol in the vicinity of Svalbard had significant temporal and vertical variability.A strong haze event occurred between 21 and 25 March in which the optical depth from ground-based observation was 0.18, which was significantly greater than the background value of 0.06. Airborne measurements on 23 March during this haze event showed a high aerosol layer with an extinction coefficient of 0.03 km1 or more up to 3 km and a scattering coefficient from 0.02 in the same altitude range. From the chemical analyses of airborne measurements, sulfate, soot and sea salt particles were dominant, and there was a high mixing ratio of external soot particles in some layers during the haze event, whereas internal mixing of soot in sulfate was noticeable in some layers for the background condition. We argue that the high aerosol loading is due to direct transport from anthropogenic source regions. In this paper we focus on the course of the haze event in detail through analyses of the airborne and ground-based results.

Published
2005

32. Evaluation of sun photometer capabilities for retrievals of aerosol optical depth at high latitudes: The POLAR-AOD intercomparison campaigns

Author

Mazzola, M., primary, Stone, R.S., additional, Herber, A., additional, Tomasi, C., additional, Lupi, A., additional, Vitale, V., additional, Lanconelli, C., additional, Toledano, C., additional, Cachorro, V.E., additional, O’Neill, N.T., additional, Shiobara, M., additional, Aaltonen, V., additional, Stebel, K., additional, Zielinski, T., additional, Petelski, T., additional, Ortiz de Galisteo, J.P., additional, Torres, B., additional, Berjon, A., additional, Goloub, P., additional, Li, Z., additional, Blarel, L., additional, Abboud, I., additional, Cuevas, E., additional, Stock, M., additional, Schulz, K.-H., additional, and Virkkula, A., additional

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. Cloud and Aerosol Observations by Micro-Pulse Lidars at Arctic and Antarctic Sites During ICESat/GLAS Overpass Measurements

Author

Shiobara, M., Yabuki, M., Spinhirne, J. D., Welton, E. J., Campbell, J. R., Berkoff, T. A., Neuber, Roland, Osada, K., Hashida, G., Shiobara, M., Yabuki, M., Spinhirne, J. D., Welton, E. J., Campbell, J. R., Berkoff, T. A., Neuber, Roland, Osada, K., and Hashida, G.

Abstract

Intended for long-term monitoring of the vertical structure and optical properties of clouds and aerosol in bi-polar regions, we are operating Micro-Pulse Lidars (MPLs) at Ny-Aalesund (79N, 12E), Svalbard in the Arctic and at Syowa Station (69S, 40E), Antarctica. These sites are part of the NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET). The Arctic MPL measurement started in 1998, and the Antarctic MPL measurement started in 2001. The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on board the Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) was successfully launched in January 2003. The lidar observation in a near-polar orbit with an inclination of 94 degrees provides a global coverage of vertical profiles of clouds and aerosol including both polar regions. Data products include thin cloud and aerosol optical depth. GLAS data validation issues include the sensitivity of cloud detection and optical depth accuracy. The polar MPL measurements include GLAS overpasses in 2003 and 2004. ICESat pointed directly to the Ny-Aalesund and Syowa sites when within five degrees off nadir. In this paper, preliminary results from the Arctic and Antarctic MPL measurements will be shown and discussed as ground truth of cloud and aerosol measurements by ICESat/GLAS.

Published
2004

37. Preliminary report of 'Arctic Airborne' Measurement Program 2002' (AAMP 02)

Author

Yamanouchi, T., Wada, M., Shiobara, M., Morimoto, S., Asuma, Y., Yamagata, S., Yamazaki, T., Ishidoya, S., Kawahara, T., Yabuki, M., Inomata, Y., Herber, Andreas, Graeser, Jürgen, Hara, K., Hirasawa, N., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Machida, T., Watai, T., Treffeisen, Renate, Yamanouchi, T., Wada, M., Shiobara, M., Morimoto, S., Asuma, Y., Yamagata, S., Yamazaki, T., Ishidoya, S., Kawahara, T., Yabuki, M., Inomata, Y., Herber, Andreas, Graeser, Jürgen, Hara, K., Hirasawa, N., Aoki, S., Sugawara, S., Machida, T., Watai, T., and Treffeisen, Renate

Published
2003

40. Tropospheric aerosol variation in both polar regions

Author

Herber, Andreas, Treffeisen, Renate, Piel, C., Shiobara, M., Yamanouchi, T., Schrems, Otto, Herber, Andreas, Treffeisen, Renate, Piel, C., Shiobara, M., Yamanouchi, T., and Schrems, Otto

Published
2002

48. Gas-chromatographic measurements of atmospheric CF2Cl2, CFCl3 and N2O in Antarctica

Author

Hirota, H, Makino, Y, Chubachi, S, Muramatsu, H, and Shiobara, M

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

Stratospheric ozone is produced photochemically and destroyed by reactions with such minor constituents as O, NOx, HOx, and ClOx. Chlorofluoromethanes (CF2Cl2 and CFCl3) and dinitrogen oxide (NwO) are considered as major sources of the stratospheric ClOx and NOx, respectively. It is well known that CF2Cl2 and CFCl3 are released only by man's activities, and are being accumulated in the troposphere. In order to assess the influence of these compounds on the natural ozone balance these gases have been measured over Japan since 1978. Measurements of Antarctic air samples are also indispensable to understanding the global distributions of these gases, because most CF2Cl2 and CFCl3 have been released in the Northern Hemisphere. Antarctic air samples were obtained by the 23rd, 24th and 25th Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions, and analyzed by a gas-chromatographic method using an electron capture detector. Three experimental results were obtained: (1) latitudinal distribution of these gases from Tokyo to Syowa Station (69.0 deg S, 39.6 deg E), (2) time trends at Syowa Station, and (3) vertical distributions over Syowa Station. Results are reported.

Published
1985

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results