Search

Aims: Trisomy 21, the presence of a supernumerary chromosome 21, results in a collection of clinical features commonly known as Down syndrome (DS). DS is among the most genetically complex of the conditions that are compatible with human survival post-term, and the most frequent survivable autosomal aneuploidy. The research landscape of Down Syndrome is not portrayed clearly by published literature. This study aimed to analyse published literature globally by the medical fraternity in the field of Down syndrome using bibliometric analysis. Methodology: Bibliometric information on literature regarding said topic using specific keywords was searched and collected in the Scopus database. VOSviewer (1.6.18) was applied to conduct bibliometric analysis and visualization. Results: The study highlighted the most significant journals, authors, co-cited authors, institutions, keywords co-occurrence, and most contributed countries in the area of Down syndrome based on bibliometric analysis of studies taken from the database of Scopus for the past ten years (2014–first quarter of 2023). Conclusion: This analysis applied state-of-the-art bibliometric and scientific mapping methods to provide researchers and other stakeholders with a panoramic view of Down syndrome from 2014 –2023. Publications in the field show a stable trend, within developed countries. Funding support is much needed to proceed with such topics as Down syndrome and that may be the reason why underdeveloped countries are still behind in the field.

Background: A Nurse of strong mind, body, and spirit will deliver better patient care, resulting in better outcomes, satisfaction scores & ultimately, reimbursements. The health and well-being of student nurses is of at most importance when considering their inexperience in the field, the demands of the course and profession, as well as the implications for patient care Because research proves that high levels of burnout adversely affect patient outcomes & satisfaction. Aim: To Check the level of holistic health & wellness among baccalaureate nursing students. Design and Method: A mixed non-experimental & qualitative approach was adopted. 120 Baccalaureate Nursing Students selected using Simple Random sampling. Holistic Health & Wellness survey tool was used for data collection. Result: Showed that 34.2% of Baccalaureate nursing students had excellent level of holistic health and wellness, 55% had good level of holistic health and wellness, 9.2% had fair and 1.7% had below average. ANOVA test for finding the difference in between the groups reveled that there is significant difference between year of course at (p=0.003) level and no difference found with area of residence (p=0.681) and gender (p=0.105). post hoc test done to find out exactly which intergroup differed one another and result showed difference between first year & second year at (p=0.02) and first year & forth year (p=0.03). Chi square test was found to be insignificant. Based on Focused group discussion two themes emerged, which influenced the level of holistic health & wellness such as i) materialistic & environmental factors ii) motivational determinants & barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To study the clinico-epidemiologic attributes of persons living with HIV/AIDS on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: Clinico-epidemiological details, CD4 counts, previous illness and mucocutaneous diseases were studied in 515 persons living with HIV/AIDS on HAART. Results: The study comprised 250 (48.5%) males and 265 (51.5%) females aged between 10 and 79 (mean 38.9) years. The 196 (38%) males were drivers, staying-alone laborers/self-employed, and 253 (49.1%) females were homemakers. All were on HAART for one month to 9 years. Heterosexual transmission was noted in 478 (92.8%) individuals. The 274 (53.5%) individuals had 200–350 CD4 cells/mm3 counts, whereas it was <200 cells/mm3 in 88 (17.2%) individuals. Candidiasis (in 48), dermatophytoses (n = 23), herpes labialis (n = 13), herpes zoster (n = 12), seborrheic dermatitis (n = 29), generalized pruritus (n = 22), and xerosis in 20 individuals were the most common dermatoses. Most dermatoses occurred with 200–350 CD4 cells/mm3. Adverse drug reactions from antiretroviral therapy (ART) and concurrent therapies also occurred. Conclusions: Although most of our patients had mild HIV-associated dermatoses while on HAART, adverse drug reactions from HAART or concurrent therapies themselves remain a potential risk. Nevertheless, knowledge of these aspects will help planning for comprehensive health care envisaged in the National AIDS Control Program phase IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has thrown newer challenges for the health care professionals to manage the affected patients. Though the so called second wave is in a declining trend at present but possible third wave is looming in the near future. Initially patients appeared to have a respiratory limited disease but there are now increasing reports of multiple organ involvement including renal disease in association with COVID-19. The current study aims to highlight the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients, as well as the clinical profile and outcomes in that subset of patients in a tertiary hospital setting, in order to better understand the role renal disease plays in the disease process., Material: Methods: This retrospective, observational study involved a review of data from electronic health records of patients aged more than 18 years with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 admitted to our hospital from February 27 to May 30, 2021. Data was analysed using SPSS version-21.0 by descriptive statistics. We describe the incidence of AKI, dialysis requirement, requirement of mechanical ventilation and mortality., Observation: Results of 400 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 252(63%) were male, 148(37%) were female. AKI occurred in 72 (18%) patients. The proportions with stages 1, 2, or 3 AKI were 35(48.3%), 11 (15.1%), and 26 (36.6%), respectively. 22 (32%) patients with AKI required dialysis. About 42(58.33%) patients with AKI were admitted in Intensive care Unit and 35(48%) patients with AKI required mechanical ventilation. In-hospital mortality was (25%) among patients with AKI versus (7.01%) among those without AKI (OR, 4.42; 95% confidence interval, 2.23 to 8.73)., Conclusion: Conclusions AKI is common among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and is associated with high morbidity and mortality., (© Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2011.)

Aim: To evaluate the utility of patch test and cross-sensitivity patterns in patients with adverse cutaneous drug reactions (ACDR) from common anticonvulsants., Methods: Twenty-four (M:F = 13:11) patients aged 18-75 years with ACDR from anticonvulsants were patch tested 3-27 mo after complete recovery using carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbitone, lamotrigine, and sodium valproate in 10%, 20% and 30% conc. in pet. after informed consent. Positive reactions persisting on D3 and D4 were considered significant., Results: Clinical patterns were exanthematous drug rash with or without systemic involvement (DRESS) in 18 (75%), Stevens-Johnsons syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) overlap and TEN in 2 (8.3%) patients each, SJS and lichenoid drug eruption in 1 (4.2%) patient each, respectively. The implicated drugs were phenytoin in 14 (58.3%), carbamazepine in 9 (37.5%), phenobarbitone in 2 (8.3%), and lamotrigine in 1 (4.7%) patients, respectively. Twelve (50%) patients elicited positive reactions to implicated drugs; carbamazepine in 6 (50%), phenytoin alone in 4 (33.3%), phenobarbitone alone in 1 (8.3%), and both phenytoin and phenobarbitone in 1 (8.33%) patients, respectively. Cross-reactions occurred in 11 (92%) patients. Six patients with carbamazepine positive patch test reaction showed cross sensitivity with phenobarbitone, sodium valproate and/or lamotrigine. Three (75%) patients among positive phenytoin patch test reactions had cross reactions with phenobarbitone, lamotrigine, and/or valproate., Conclusion: Carbamazepine remains the commonest anticonvulsant causing ACDRs and cross-reactions with other anticonvulsants are possible. Drug patch testing appears useful in DRESS for drug imputability and cross-reactions established clinically., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: No potential conflict of interest.

Background: Although modification of behavioral practices among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-affected patients is important in decreasing HIV disease transmission, the knowledge, attitude, and perception studies about HIV infection rarely include persons living with HIV/acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS)., Aims: To assess knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of persons living with HIV/AIDS for the disease and other epidemiological aspects., Materials and Methods: One-hundred and fifty consecutive persons living with HIV/AIDS were enrolled for this questionnaire-based cross-sectional, descriptive study., Results: These 150 patients comprised 93 men and 57 women, aged between 14 and 78 (mean 37.13) years. The majority, 112 (74.67%) patients were between 20 and 50 years of age and 116 (77.3%) patients were either illiterate or high-school dropouts. Drivers, laborers, and self-employed comprised 69 (74.2%) patients among affected males. Only 129 (86%) respondents had heard about HIV/AIDS and knew about its heterosexual transmission. Ninety-eight (65.3%) respondents were aware of disease transmission from infected blood or needle pricks. Interestingly, 106 (70.7%) respondents were aware of the importance of using condom in preventing disease transmission. Television/radio was the most common sources of information for 135 (90%) patients. Nearly, 69% respondents disfavored disclosing their disease to friends/colleagues fearing stigmatization., Conclusions: Information, education, and communication activities are imperative to educate persons living with HIV/AIDS about life-long nature of the disease, modes of its transmission, and significance of preventive measures to bridge the gaps in their knowledge. While improvement in individual economic status, education, and health services remains highly desirable, mass media can play a pivotal role in creating awareness among masses.