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Despite advancements in methodologies, immunohistochemistry (IHC) remains the most utilized ancillary test for histopathologic and companion diagnostics in targeted therapies. However, objective IHC assessment poses challenges. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a potential solution, yet its development requires extensive training for each cancer and IHC type, limiting versatility. We developed a Universal IHC (UIHC) analyzer, an AI model for interpreting IHC images regardless of tumor or IHC types, using training datasets from various cancers stained for PD-L1 and/or HER2. This multi-cohort trained model outperforms conventional single-cohort models in interpreting unseen IHCs (Kappa score 0.578 vs. up to 0.509) and consistently shows superior performance across different positive staining cutoff values. Qualitative analysis reveals that UIHC effectively clusters patches based on expression levels. The UIHC model also quantitatively assesses c-MET expression with MET mutations, representing a significant advancement in AI application in the era of personalized medicine and accumulating novel biomarkers.

Structure wakefield acceleration (SWFA) is one of the most promising AAC schemes in several recent strategic reports, including DOE's 2016 AAC Roadmap, report on the Advanced and Novel Accelerators for High Energy Physics Roadmap (ANAR), and report on Accelerator and Beam Physics Research Goals and Opportunities. SWFA aims to raise the gradient beyond the limits of conventional radiofrequency (RF) accelerator technology, and thus the RF to beam energy efficiency, by reducing RF breakdowns from confining the microwave energy in a short (on the order of about 10 ns) and intense pulse excited by a drive beam. We envision that the following research topics, within the scope of AF7, are of great interest in the next decade: advanced wakefield structures, terahertz and sub-terahertz (THz) structures, and RF breakdown physics. Research on SWFA in the above directions would directly contribute to long-term large-scale applications, including AAC-based linear colliders and compact light sources. There is also potentially a strong synergy between SWFA and other AAC concepts, when structures are combined with plasmas into hybrid AAC schemes. Research on novel structures is at the core of advancing SWFA, and is critical to future AAC-based linear colliders; at the same, it has a strong synergy with other directions, such as cavity designs, high-power microwave systems and sources, and compact light sources., Comment: contribution to Snowmass 2021

The natural habitats of microorganisms in the human microbiome and ocean and soil ecosystems are full of colloids and macromolecules, which impart non-Newtonian flow properties drastically affecting the locomotion of swimming microorganisms. Although the low-Reynolds-number hydrodynamics of the swimming of flagellated bacteria in simple Newtonian fluids has been well developed, our understanding of bacterial motility in complex non-Newtonian fluids is still primitive. Even after six decades of research, fundamental questions about the nature and origin of bacterial motility enhancement in polymer solutions are still under debate. Here, we study the motility of flagellated bacteria in colloidal suspensions of varying sizes and volume fractions. We find that bacteria in dilute colloidal suspensions display quantitatively the same motile behaviors as those in dilute polymer solutions, where a universal particle-size-dependent motility enhancement up to 80% is uncovered, accompanied by strong suppression of bacterial wobbling. By virtue of the well-controlled size and the hard-sphere nature of colloids, the finding not only resolves the long-standing controversy over bacterial motility enhancement in complex fluids but also challenges all the existing theories using polymer dynamics to address the swimming of flagellated bacteria in dilute polymer solutions. We further develop a simple physical model incorporating the colloidal nature of complex fluids, which quantitatively explains bacterial wobbling dynamics and mobility enhancement in both colloidal and polymeric fluids. Our study sheds light on the puzzling motile behaviors of bacteria in complex fluids relevant to a wide range of microbiological processes and provides a cornerstone in engineering bacterial swimming in complex environments., Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures

The RF system for the Pohang Light Source (PLS) storage ring was greatly upgraded for PLS-II project of 400mA, 3.0GeV from 200mA, 2.5GeV. Three superconducting(SC) RF cavities with each 300kW maximum klystron amplifier were commissioned with electron beam in way of one by one during the last 3 years for beam current of 400mA to until March 2014. The RF system is designed to provide stable beam through precise RF phase and amplitude requirements to be less than 0.3% in amplitude and 0.3{\deg} in phase deviations. This paper describes the RF system configuration, design details and test results., Comment: The Korea Ministry of Science & ICT (MSIP) supported this research

Edge instabilities are believed to be one of the possible causes of shear banding in entangled polymeric fluids. Here, we investigate the effect of edge disturbance on the shear-induced dynamics of well-entangled DNA solutions. Using a custom high-aspect-ratio planar-Couette cell, we systematically measure the velocity profiles of sheared DNA samples at different distances away from the edge of the shear cell. Under a weak oscillatory shear with the corresponding Weissenberg number (Wi) smaller than 1, where DNA solutions exhibit linear velocity profiles with strong wall slip, the penetration depth of the edge disturbance is on the order of the gap thickness of the shear cell, consistent with the behavior of Newtonian fluids. However, under a strong oscillatory shear with Wi > 1 that produces shear-banding flows, the penetration depth is an order of magnitude larger than the gap thickness and becomes spatially anisotropic. Moreover, we find that the shear-banding flows persist deep inside the sheared sample, where the effect of edge disturbance diminishes. Hence, our experiments demonstrate an abnormally long penetration depth of edge disturbance and illustrate the bulk nature of shear-banding flows of entangled polymeric fluids under time-dependent oscillatory shear., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures (accepted by J. Rheol.)

Using high-resolution confocal rheometry, we study the shear profiles of well-entangled DNA solutions under large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) in a rectilinear planar shear cell. With increasing Weissenberg number (Wi), we observe successive transitions from normal Newtonian linear shear profiles to wall-slip dominant shear profiles and finally to shear-banding profiles at high Wi. To investigate the microscopic origin of the observed shear banding, we study the dynamics of micron-sized tracers embedded in DNA solutions. Surprisingly, tracer particles in the shear frame exhibit transient super-diffusivity and strong dynamic heterogeneity. The probability distribution functions of particle displacements follow a power-law scaling at large displacements, indicating a Levy-walk-type motion, reminiscent of tracer dynamics in entangled wormlike micelle solutions and sheared colloidal glasses. We further characterize the length and time scales associated with the abnormal dynamics of tracer particles. We hypothesize that the unusual particle dynamics arise from localized shear-induced chain disentanglement., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev. E

To realize and test advanced accelerator concepts and hardware, a beamline is being reconfigured in the Linac Extension Area (LEA) of APS linac. A photo-cathode RF gun installed at the beginning of the APS linac will provide a low emittance electron beam into the LEA beamline. The thermionic RF gun beam for the APS storage ring, and the photo-cathode RF gun beam for LEA beamline will be accelerated through the linac in an interleaved fashion. In this paper, the design studies for interleaving lattice realization in APS linac is described with initial experiment result