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Background: In this study, we identified whether amyloid‐β (Aβ) moderates the relationship between the plasma level of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and the change of cognition or brain volume. Method: Of 723 non‐demented participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (mean age 72.1), 341 (47.2%) had cerebral Aβ deposition (Aβ [+]) and 382 (52.8%) had not (Aβ [‐]) determined by Florbetapir PET. Longitudinal changes of cognition was assessed by Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐Cognitive Subscale (ADAS‐Cog) score, and hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity volume by brain MRI. Result: Aβ status moderated the relationship between plasma NfL and ADAS‐Cog score (beta = 0.002, P = 0.029), hippocampal volume (beta = ‐0.073, P = 0.004), and white matter hyperintensity volume (beta = 0.673, P = 0.048). Conclusion: These results suggest the possible interactive effect between plasma NfL and brain Aβ on the longitudinal cognition and brain structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary This study investigated the altered neural activation underlying cognitive control under emotional and sleep‐related interference conditions and its role in subjective sleep disturbance in patients with chronic insomnia disorder. In total, 48 patients with chronic insomnia disorder, and 48 age‐, sex‐ and body mass index‐matched controls were included in this study. They completed self‐reported questionnaires to assess subjective sleep and emotional distress. A sleep diary was used to evaluate subjective sleep parameters. All participants performed the emotional Stroop task (three blocks each of negative emotional, sleep‐related, and neutral words) during functional magnetic resonance imaging assessments. We compared brain activation during the emotional Stroop task between the two groups. We also analysed the correlations between altered neural activation and sleep variables. Less neural activation was detected in the right anterior prefrontal cortex of patients with chronic insomnia disorder than in controls when performing the emotional Stroop task with negative emotional words. The decrease in neural activation was negatively correlated with scores on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, and Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale. In contrast, they were positively correlated with subjective total sleep time and sleep efficiency as reported in sleep diaries. A decrease in right anterior prefrontal cortex activity under the negative emotional words condition of the emotional Stroop task in patients with chronic insomnia disorder suggests a failure of top‐down inhibition of negative emotional stimuli. This failure induces disinhibition of cognitive hyperarousal, manifested as rumination or intrusive worries, and potentially causing subjective sleep disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) is the first-line therapy for chronic insomnia. Mobile app-based CBTi (MCBTi) can enhance the accessibility of CBTi treatment; however, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of MCBTi using a multicenter, randomized controlled trial design., Objective: We aimed to assess the efficacy of Somzz, an MCBTi that provides real-time and tailored feedback to users, through comparison with an active comparator app., Methods: In our multicenter, single-blind randomized controlled trial study, participants were recruited from 3 university hospitals and randomized into a Somzz group and a sleep hygiene education (SHE) group at a 1:1 ratio. The intervention included 6 sessions for 6 weeks, with follow-up visits over a 4-month period. The Somzz group received audiovisual sleep education, guidance on relaxation therapy, and real-time feedback on sleep behavior. The primary outcome was the Insomnia Severity Index score, and secondary outcomes included sleep diary measures and mental health self-reports. We analyzed the outcomes based on the intention-to-treat principle., Results: A total of 98 participants were randomized into the Somzz (n=49, 50%) and SHE (n=49, 50%) groups. Insomnia Severity Index scores for the Somzz group were significantly lower at the postintervention time point (9.0 vs 12.8; t 95 =3.85; F 2,95 =22.76; η p 2 =0.13; P<.001) and at the 3-month follow-up visit (11.3 vs 14.7; t 68 =2.61; F 2,68 =5.85; η p 2 =0.03; P=.01) compared to those of the SHE group. The Somzz group maintained their treatment effect at the postintervention time point and follow-ups, with a moderate to large effect size (Cohen d=-0.62 to -1.35; P<.01 in all cases). Furthermore, the Somzz group showed better sleep efficiency (t 95 =-3.32; F 2,91 =69.87; η p 2 =0.41; P=.001), wake after sleep onset (t 95 =2.55; F 2,91 =51.81; η p 2 =0.36; P=.01), satisfaction (t 95 =-2.05; F 2,91 =26.63; η p 2 =0.20; P=.04) related to sleep, and mental health outcomes, including depression (t 95 =2.11; F 2,94 =29.64; η p 2 =0.21; P=.04) and quality of life (t 95 =-3.13; F 2,94 =54.20; η p 2 =0.33; P=.002), compared to the SHE group after the intervention. The attrition rate in the Somzz group was 12% (6/49)., Conclusions: Somzz outperformed SHE in improving insomnia, mental health, and quality of life. The MCBTi can be a highly accessible, time-efficient, and effective treatment option for chronic insomnia, with high compliance., Trial Registration: Clinical Research Information Service (CRiS) KCT0007292; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=22214&search&#95;page=L., (©Jiyoon Shin, Sujin Kim, Jooyoung Lee, Hyerin Gu, Jihye Ahn, Chowon Park, Mincheol Seo, Jeong Eun Jeon, Ha Young Lee, Ji Won Yeom, Sojeong Kim, Yeaseul Yoon, Heon-Jeong Lee, Seog Ju Kim, Yu Jin Lee. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 26.07.2024.)

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-inattention [Swanson, Nolan and Pelham, version IV (SNAP-IV)] and anger [Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anger] for parents and guardians of children aged 6-17 years., Methods: We included 104 children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADHD with anxiety and depression, depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and tic disorder with somatic symptoms (ADHD=41, depression=9, anxiety=14, ADHD+anxious depression=11, tic+somatic symptoms=29). Their ages ranged from 8 years to 15 years. The participants' mothers completed the SNAP-IV, PROMIS Anger scale, Korean version of the IOWA Conners Rating Scale (K-IOWA), and Korean ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS) so that the reliability and validity of the SNAP-IV and PROMIS Anger scales, which are DSM-5 scales for assessing inattention and anger of children and adolescents, could be examined., Results: The reliability coefficient of SNAP-IV (Cronbach's α) was 0.94. The correlation coefficients between SNAP-IV, K-IOWA inattention, and K-ARS inattention scores ranged from 0.73 to 0.86. The mean SNAP-IV scores of the ADHD and the ADHD+anxious depression groups were significantly higher than those of the anxiety and the tic+somatic symptoms groups. The reliability coefficient of the PROMIS Anger was 0.91. The correlation coefficient between PROMIS Anger and K-IOWA oppositional/defiant scores was 0.75. The PROMIS Anger mean score of the ADHD+anxious depression group tended to be higher than that of the other groups., Conclusion: These results suggest that the Korean version of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-inattention and anger for parent and guardian of child age 6-17 might be a reliable and valid test and may be useful for screening children and adolescents with ADHD., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.)