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In this article, we provide first-hand evidence that leadership quality matters for the quality of healthcare provision, based on NHS England hospital trust data between 2010 and 2014. This is the ...

This paper investigates the sectoral impacts of FDI on growth in Egypt between 1990 and 2007 based upon a unique data set. It highlights the aggregation bias inherent in many empirical studies that focus solely on the economy-wide effects of foreign investment. Aggregate inflows of FDI are shown to be detrimental to the country’s economic growth performance, possibly as a result of the ‘crowding-out’ of more productive domestic investment. Some positive sector-specific effects however, are found for investment in Manufacturing & Petroleum, which also has beneficial spillovers into other sectors. FDI in the Finance & Retail and Telecommunications & Information Technology sectors are found to generate significantly negative growth effects while those in Services and Tourism are negative but generally insignificant. These findings suggest that ‘market-seeking’ FDI in certain sectors has conspicuous ‘crowding-out’ effects, possibly owing to insufficient domestic absorptive capacity. The results of this study further demonstrate the importance of potential sectoral heterogeneity of own sector and inter-sectoral economic growth effects of FDI. It therefore highlights the critical need for policy makers to take a more disaggregated sectoral-level evaluation of the benefits of foreign investment, particularly in developing economies such as Egypt.

This paper investigates the domestic productivity and spillover effects of foreign technology and embodied R&D on Egyptian manufacturing industries, 2006 to 2009. It also analyses the heterogeneous sectoral effects of technology transfer by focusing specifically on the productivity effects on highly internationalized and technology-intensive industries. These are expected to have greater absorptive capacity with respect to foreign technology and therefore larger productivity effects because of their greater exposure to foreign competition and greater technological capacity respectively. This study is the first to analyse the efficiency effects of foreign technology by classifying industries in this manner. It finds that foreign technology and embodied R&D have positive and significant industry-specific effects on domestic productivity and TFP in technology-intensive industries but that these are weaker in internationally oriented industries. The study suggests that only technological-intensive industries in Egypt have sufficient absorptive capacity to assimilate foreign technology effectively. The paper’s findings highlight the key role of foreign technology in domestic productivity growth, subject to the absorptive capacity of the domestic labour force, and the need for improved policies to promote the domestic benefits of technology transfer through the accumulation of local technological competences.

The difficulty of measuring public services outcome results in governments adopting some quality performance measurements to oversee the standards and characteristics of the presented services. The study empirically tests the theory of performance management and the extent the waiting time policy would result in higher quality service and better health outcomes in 161 trusts in England from 2010/2011 to 2013/2014. The results show that higher waiting admission share has significant adverse effect on quality standards in terms of mortality rate. Moreover, the findings show that shorter range of waiting time is statistically associated with higher patients’ reported heath gains. However, the paper shows evidence of the presence of the output distortions effect of performance management strategy. The study shows that hospitals with lower mean waiting time have significantly higher readmission rate within 28 days of discharge.

This study investigates the role of human capital, political development in determining the magnitude of the effects of FDI on growth for a panel of 61 transition and developing countries for the period 1989 to 2013. A baseline growth model incorporating these variables is tested and then extended to include FDI interaction effects with human capital (measured using secondary school enrolment data) and political development (based upon EIU Democracy Index scores). These growth interaction effects between FDI and human capital vary according to regime type. Political development in conjunction with FDI appears to suppress the effects of FDI on growth in authoritarian countries while enhancing them in hybrid democracies. For more democratic countries, domestic investment is a more important driver of growth. The effects of FDI on growth in the ten Transition economies included in the sample dataset are found to be insignificant. Although this result might seem to differ from a priori expectations, it is in line with the findings of most earlier studies which cover the period up until 2004. The paper also provides no strong evidence that a critical threshold of human capital is required to generate beneficial spillover growth effects from inflows of FDI. The paper provides new and more detailed insights into the effects of FDI on growth with particular respect to human capital and political regime covering a large number of transition and developing countries based upon an up to date dataset covering a twenty-five year period to 2013.

This article analyses the differentiated growth effects of FDI inflows given its sectoral distribution in Egypt. The economy is divided into seven economic sectors. We examine the heterogeneity of FDI’s contributions based on the sectoral characteristics. The empirical analysis shows that FDI allocated in financial and retail and telecommunication and information technology sectors triggers positive and significant output growth across economic sectors. The results cannot find evidence of positive significant growth spillovers induced by FDI inflows directed to other economic sectors. FDI-growth relationship is shown to be structurally heterogeneous and articulated by time-specific factors including the macroeconomic environment and policy framework. The empirical analysis gives allegiance to the hypothesis of the sectorally differentiated FDI-growth effects based on the characteristics of the originating countries. A key finding is that economic sectors that require higher degrees of technological intensity and human capital endowment are more able to exhibit positive growth effects of efficiency spillovers.