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Background: Urine calprotectin significantly rises in acute kidney injury (AKI) in adult and pediatrics. The aim of the present study was to investigate the accuracy of urine calprotectin as a diagnostic marker for (AKI) in neonates. Methods In this cross sectional study, we assessed urine calprotectin in 100 neonates, in which 80 of them had AKI and 20 were healthy. Random urine calprotectin measured by ELISA and then compared between two groups. We included neonates who had received at least 48 hour intra venous fluid and met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. . Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve used to set a cut of point for urine calprotectin to predict AKI. The overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient was used for assess the agreement between two methods.. P value below 0.05 considered significant. Results: Urine calprotectin levels were not significantly higher in neonates with AKI than healthy ones (146.2 vs 142.4, p=0.1). The results showed an optimal cutoff value of 123.5 mg/dl for urine calprotectin with area under the curve of 0•515 with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 77.5%,40%,83.7% and 30.7%, respectively. The overall accuracy was 70% and the Kappa agreement coefficient was 0.15 (P=0.11.). Conclusion: Although urine calprotectin level can predict the AKI, it is not accurate measure comparing the gold standard.

Background: There are some evidences suggesting functional constipation-related growth retardation in children, especially in early childhood. Considering high prevalence of constipation, early diagnosis and treatment of constipated patients may improve the quality of life in these children. In this study, weight and height of Iranian children aged 2 to 12 years with functional constipation was evaluated compared to healthy children. Methods: A total of 130 Iranian children aged 2-12 years, 65 with functional constipation and 65 as healthy children referred to pediatric gastroenterology clinic during Jan to Dec of 2016, were enrolled in this case-control study. Functional constipation was defined as Rome III criteria. The growth status was evaluated using the growth charts, and Z scores of weight and height for age were recorded, with the consent of parents and child willingness. Results: 65 constipated patients (44 boys, 21 girls) with the mean age of 8.28 ± 3.24 years and 65 healthy children (25 boys, 40 girls) with the mean age of 8.32 ± 3.42 years were evaluated. The mean weight of case group was 23.69 ± 4.14 kg and mean height 126.49 ± 10.34 cm. The mean weight of control group with 31.62 ± 4.85 kg and mean height 153.47 ± 13.88 cm, demonstrated significant difference with the case group. The observed mean weight and height were significantly lower in constipated group and the differences of height-for-age and weight-for-age Z scores were statistically meaningful in constipated and healthy children. Conclusions: Functional constipation in children aged 2 to 12 years may retard their weight and height growth, so early diagnosis and treatment of children with constipation is beneficial in their adequate growth status. © 2019, Author(s).