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The case study investigates the journey of a couple facing infertility. It intensifies the challenges, including poor oocyte quality and endometriosis. In spite of two failed in vitro fertilization cycles, the decision for ovum pickup (OPU) was made, followed by intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), embryo treatment with melatonin, and frozen embryo transfer (FET) to optimize the chances of a successful pregnancy. The couple opted for this approach. OPU yielded four poor-quality oocytes, prompting ICSI and melatonin treatment to enhance embryo quality. The embryos were exposed to culture supplementation with melatonin for 72 hours before being transferred to conventional media. After 5 days or 120 hours, the embryos developed into 3BB quality blastocysts, indicative of developmental stage and morphology. The blastocysts were then cryopreserved, and after 2 months, FET was conducted, resulting in the transfer of two embryos, which subsequently led to a positive pregnancy indication, as indicated by a β-hCG level of 233 mUI/ml measured 14 days post transfer. This approach highlights the effectiveness of melatonin supplementation in improving embryo quality and ultimately facilitating successful pregnancy in complex scenarios like endometriosis-related infertility.

Context: Accumulated evidence suggests that X-radiations can induce genotoxic effects and are not safe at any particular radiation dose level. Various assays have been proposed as potential tools in cytogenetic biomonitoring studies, but they have limitations. Aims of the Study: To assess the genotoxic effects of panoramic radiography on oral mucosa by estimating micronuclei count (using acridine orange) and AgNORs (using silver stain) from cytological smear cells and to compare these two biomarkers. Material and Methods: 100 subjects who underwent panoramic radiography for dental treatment with pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria formed the sample for this cross-sectional study. Two smears were prepared using a cytobrush from the buccal mucosa wet fixed using 95% ethyl alcohol. After 10 days and 40 days, the subjects were recalled for a similar repetition of smear preparations from the same site. Before all the procedures, ethical approval was obtained from the institute's ethical committee where the study was conducted, and written informed consent was taken from all the patients before they participated in the study. Statistical Analysis: The results obtained were further assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Tukey's HSD for inter and intra observational comparisons. Results: Radiation exposure from panoramic radiography showed a statistically significant increase in micronuclei. However, the AgNOR count remained unchanged after radiation exposure. Conclusion: MN count is better for detecting the short-term genotoxic effect of panoramic radiation exposure on buccal mucosal cells than AgNORs.

Introduction: Most Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is preceded by Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDS). These disorders if diagnosed early can be prevented from converting into full blown malignancies. This points towards an ever increasing need for a more accurate, less invasive diagnostic tool to detect these lesions early. Aim: To analyse and compare the accuracy of 1% Rose Bengal (RB) dye and oral microbiopsies (using dermatologic ring curettes) with conventional scalpel biopsy in diagnosing oral epithelial dysplasias. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional pilot study, included a total number of 26 male patients, age range between 40-60 years old, with oral white and red mucosal lesions attending the Outpatient Department (OPD) of Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttrakhand, India. After thorough clinical examination, 1% RB staining, microbiopsy, and scalpel biopsy was performed on all included participants. Parameters assessed included clinical signs indicative of dysplasia in red and white lesions such as increase thickness, nodularity, atrophic mucosa, erosion, ulcers and change in colour of mucosa with positive history of tobacco smoking. Hyperchromatic areas owing to increase stain intake (due to increased nuclear cytoplasmic ratio) was obtained after staning with RB dye and histopathological indicators of epithelial dysplasia (cellular and architectural changes) were observed after both microbiopsy and scalpel biopsy. Chi-square test was done to compare results of 1% RB staining and microbiopsies with scalpel biopsies. Results: Total 26 male patients were included with a mean age of 50 years. There was no statistically significant difference in the accuracy of microbiopsies (p-value=0.913) and 1% RB dye (p-value=0.393) as compared to conventional scalpel biopsy in delineating the epithelial dysplastic changes associated with OPMDS. Conclusion: Oral microbiopsy, is a relatively novel, accurate, and less invasive diagnostic tool. It has proved to be as effective as scalpel biopsy in diagnosing and grading epithelial dysplasia. Through this article, it was proposed that 1% RB staining, microbiopsy, and scalpel biopsy can be used in conjugation as a part of cytology-cum-histopathology based diagnostic scheme for oral clinically suspicious lesions.

Pyrroloquinone ring systems are important structural units present in many biologically active molecules including a number of marine alkaloids. For example, they are found in a series of marine metabolites, such as tsitsikammamines, zyzzyanones, wakayin, and terreusinone. Several of these alkaloids have exhibited antimicrobial, antimalarial, antifungal, antitumor, and photoprotecting activities. Synthesis of pyrroloquinone unit is the key step in the synthesis of many of these important organic molecules. Here, we present a ceric (IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) mediated oxidative free radical cyclization reaction of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with aminoquinones as a facile methodology for making various substituted pyrroloquinones. 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds used in this study are ethyl acetoacetate, acetylacetone, benzoyl acetone, and N,N-dimethyl acetoacetamide. The aminoquinones used in this study are 2-(benzylamino)naphthalene-1,4-dione and 6-(benzylamino)-1-tosyl-1H-indole-4,7-dione. The yields of the synthesized pyrroloquinones ranged from 23–91%.

The marine environment is host to unparalleled biological and chemical diversity, making it an attractive resource for the discovery of new therapeutics for a plethora of diseases. Compounds that are extracted from cyanobacteria are of special interest due to their unique structural scaffolds and capacity to produce potent pharmaceutical and biotechnological traits. Calothrixins A and B are two cyanobacterial metabolites with a structural assembly of quinoline, quinone, and indole pharmacophores. This review surveys recent advances in the synthesis and evaluation of the biological activities of calothrixins. Due to the low isolation yields from the marine source and the promise this scaffold holds for anticancer and antimicrobial drugs, organic and medicinal chemists around the world have embarked on developing efficient synthetic routes to produce calothrixins. Since the first review appeared in 2009, 11 novel syntheses of calothrixins have been published in the efforts to develop methods that contain fewer steps and higher-yielding reactions. Calothrixins have shown their potential as topoisomerase I poisons for their cytotoxicity in cancer. They have also been observed to target various aspects of RNA synthesis in bacteria. Further investigation into the exact mechanism for their bioactivity is still required for many of its analogs.

Endometriosis is a pervasive gynecological ailment which usually results in unease and infertility and is signified by an accumulation of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. Current endometriosis medications, which often entail surgical intervention and hormone therapy, are geared around easing discomfort as well as improving fertility. However, alternative approaches targeting angiogenesis have shown promise in managing endometriosis-associated infertility. This case report highlights the implications of combining antiangiogenic therapy (bevacizumab) with dichloroacetate (DCA) therapy in a patient with endometriosis seeking infertility treatment. A 34-year-old woman presented with a five-year history of severe pelvic pain and primary infertility due to stage IV endometriosis. The patient sought other possibilities after repeated unsuccessful attempts using assisted reproductive technology. A revolutionary therapy strategy combining bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor, and DCA, a metabolic modulator, has been proposed considering the potential significance of angiogenesis in endometriosis-related infertility. The patient underwent a six-month treatment regimen consisting of intravenous bevacizumab infusions combined with oral DCA administration. The theory behind this combination was to target the metabolic reprogramming typically associated with the disease in addition to altering the abnormal angiogenic signaling pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Given the scores on the visual analogue scale, the patient’s pelvic pain substantially decreased during the time frame of treatment. Additionally, a notable improvement in ovarian reserve markers was observed, including an increase in anti-Müllerian hormone levels and the number of antral follicles. This case report suggests that the combination of bevacizumab and DCA may have a synergistic effect in managing endometriosis-associated infertility. This form of therapy may provide patients who have failed typical infertility treatment options with an innovative therapeutic approach since it targets both angiogenesis and metabolic changes.

The most common condition impacting patients who present with ovulatory failure leading to infertility is hypothyroidism. Normal thyroxin levels and its milder counterpart, subclinical hypothyroidism, which is characterised by raised thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, may also be a factor in altered reproductive function. Conventional and persistent Panchkarma procedures, which include Vamana and Virechana Karma, foster wellness. Vamana and Virechana Karma symbolise the development of emesis and purification, resulting in improvements in the body’s capacity to eradicate toxins, especially through the intestine. Sroto shodhaka, Agnivardhaka, and dosha pratyanika chikitsa are the best therapies for hypothyroidism, assuming the prevalence of the Kapha and Pitta doshas. We found that Vamana and Virechana helped in the treatment of hypothyroidism. We report a case highlighting the beneficial effects of ayurvedic treatment of Vamana and Virechana in a woman with hypothyroidism seeking infertility treatment at our centre.

Fallopian tube irritation is referred to as cornual block. It is brought on by a bacterial infection in the Fallopian tube, which spreads via sexuallty transmitted infection (STI), urinary tract infection (UTI), among others. Salpingitis is another name for fallopian tube inflammation. The patient, a 40-year-old registered at an infertility clinic, Sarangi Wardha, was examined for a cornual block using hysteroscopy and laparoscopy, which revealed the uterus and fallopian tube’s structural detail. The couple had been married for two years. It was noted that the patient had a history of failed IUI (intrauterine insemination) at her hometown fertility clinic. The patient anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) was 0.16ng/dL, and her anti-follicular count (AFC) was poor. The intrauterine insemination failed as a result of cornual obstruction. The semen parameters of the male partner were normal. Bilateral ostia with sparse endometrium were seen during hysteroscopy. We had used Uttar Basti therapy for six days with a three-day gap. After treating the cornual block, patient’s ovum collection was done in January 2020. Fourteen oocytes were retrieved from the patient which were of 2GV, 5MI, and 7MII grade. Semen parameters were reportedly normal, but due to cornual block, ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) was performed. In March 2020, her first frozen embryo was thawed and transferred. A 2mg tablet of estrogen was given three times daily before the embryo transfer, from the second day of menstruation until the 14th. The patient had daily progesterone injections for six days beginning after the fourteenth day. Following embryo transfer, progesterone 2mg twice a day was given support and a dose of estrogen 2mg every day. A beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone (hCG) test was performed fourteen days after embryo transfer. The report indicated positive beta-HCG value. The patient’s Fallopian tubes bilateral cornual obstruction is the main subject of this case report.

This case report describes the application of sildenafil citrate treatment in a cervical tuberculosis (TB) patient seeking in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. The patient, a 34-year-old female with a history of cervical TB and primary infertility, underwent anti-TB treatment before fertility treatment. Cervical stenosis and a thin endometrium were identified during a transvaginal ultrasound, posing challenges to successful IVF outcomes. Sildenafil citrate, a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor known to improve endometrial blood flow, was administered orally at a dosage of 50 mg, three times daily, starting on the fifth day of the menstrual cycle. The patient exhibited an increase in endometrial thickness, indicating improved receptivity. Clinical pregnancy was achieved. These findings suggest that sildenafil citrate may have the potential as an adjunct therapy to enhance IVF success in cervical TB patients, although further research is needed to validate these results in larger studies.

Hyaluronate-enriched medium has been gaining attention from researchers worldwide for its effectiveness in improving the success rate of embryo transfer following implantation in those patients who suffer from recurrent implantation failure. This article reports the case of a 49-year-old patient who was unable to get pregnant naturally, and with a history of three spontaneous abortions in her 20 years marriage period. The patient also had a history of four in vitro fertilisation (IVF) cycle failures before enrolling at Wardha Test Tube Baby Centre situated in Sawangi, India in August 2020 . The patient had positive clinical pregnancy using conventional culture media devoid of hyaluronan instead of hyaluronan-enriched media. This case report enlightens the fact that embryo transfer may be unsuccessful using hyaluronan-enriched media in the case of post-menopausal patients.

Latent female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) has been gaining attention in the world of assisted reproductive technology due to its adverse effect on the female reproductive system, which is becoming a cause of concern in the pathway of fulfilling the dream of children in infertile couples. It has been known to severely affect the ovarian reserve, which is one of the prime causes of infertility in females nowadays. Intraovarian plasma-rich platelet therapy (IOPRP) has been known to improve diminished ovarian reserve (DOR); however, its effect on DOR caused due to latent FGTB is not known. A 34-year-old middle-aged South Asian woman was unable to get pregnant due to being a victim of latent female genital tuberculosis. The patient also had a history of four failed IUI (intra-uterine insemination) cycles prior to their visit to Wardha Test Tube Baby Centre, Sawangi, Maharashtra, in January 2021. The patient had reported having improved ovarian reserve, thereby having positive clinical pregnancy upon the administration of IOPRP at our centre. This case report throws light on the aspect that the use of IOPRP on patient suffering from DOR caused due to latent FGTB may lead to significant positive pregnancy outcomes.

Introduction: Most Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is preceded by Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDS). These disorders if diagnosed early can be prevented from converting into full blown malignancies. This points towards an ever increasing need for a more accurate, less invasive diagnostic tool to detect these lesions early. Aim: To analyse and compare the accuracy of 1% Rose Bengal (RB) dye and oral microbiopsies (using dermatologic ring curettes) with conventional scalpel biopsy in diagnosing oral epithelial dysplasias. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional pilot study, included a total number of 26 male patients, age range between 40-60 years old, with oral white and red mucosal lesions attending the Outpatient Department (OPD) of Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttrakhand, India. After thorough clinical examination, 1% RB staining, microbiopsy, and scalpel biopsy was performed on all included participants. Parameters assessed included clinical signs indicative of dysplasia in red and white lesions such as increase thickness, nodularity, atrophic mucosa, erosion, ulcers and change in colour of mucosa with positive history of tobacco smoking. Hyperchromatic areas owing to increase stain intake (due to increased nuclear cytoplasmic ratio) was obtained after staning with RB dye and histopathological indicators of epithelial dysplasia (cellular and architectural changes) were observed after both microbiopsy and scalpel biopsy. Chi-square test was done to compare results of 1% RB staining and microbiopsies with scalpel biopsies. Results: Total 26 male patients were included with a mean age of 50 years. There was no statistically significant difference in the accuracy of microbiopsies (p-value=0.913) and 1% RB dye (p-value=0.393) as compared to conventional scalpel biopsy in delineating the epithelial dysplastic changes associated with OPMDS. Conclusion: Oral microbiopsy, is a relatively novel, accurate, and less invasive diagnostic tool. It has proved to be as effective as scalpel biopsy in diagnosing and grading epithelial dysplasia. Through this article, it was proposed that 1% RB staining, microbiopsy, and scalpel biopsy can be used in conjugation as a part of cytology-cum-histopathology based diagnostic scheme for oral clinically suspicious lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aphthous ulcers are the most common type of ulcers involving mainly the non-keratinized mucosa of oral cavity, other non-keratinized mucosal involvement such as that of oropharangeal mucosa and genitalia also occur. Formation of these ulcers are always preceded by burning sensation over the mucosal surface, succeeded by formation of a papule which eventually get ruptured and leads to the formation of round shallow painful ulcer covered by a grayish white pseudomembrane surrounded by an erythematous halo. Further, these ulcerations are divided into minor aphthous, major aphthous, herpetiform aphthous and aphthous ulcerations associated with bechet's disease. Etiopathogenesis though largely unknown, can be contributed mainly to hypersensitivity to S.sanguis, Herpes simplex virus infection, cell-mediated immmunological cytotoxicity, antibody dependant cytotoxicity, etc. Investigatory indings in aphthous are limited to the detection of underlying cause which can either be vitamin B-12, folic acid, or iron deficiency. Histopathologically, antischkow cells can be detected in biopsy specimens. Although the ulcers heal themselves within a week or two, still specific pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches are used for treating the condition. This poster presentation is an attempt to focus upon the diagnosis and management aspects of recurrent apthous stomatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic science corresponds to the employment of science to the law or legal matters. One of the major concerns of legal system is to deduce the recognition of an item or individual, involved in crime for which forensic expert plays a pivotal role. Forensic odontology, a budding branch in dentistry, involves the application of dentistry to the legal system. The dental characteristics are considered as one of the primary characteristics of identification as per Interpol DVI guidelines. Thus, establishing the identity of unknown human remains through dental features is considered as one of the core domains of forensic odontology. However, its reliability and its acceptability in the court of law are only secondary to the application of DNA technologies. Also, the acceptability of bite-mark analysis and its evidentiary role is debatable. However, the bite marks may also be a source of salivary DNA, to establish the linking of the perpetrator to the victim. The recent advancements in the DNA technologies and the use of teeth and saliva as sources of DNA are the added advantages in the application of DNA as person identifiers especially in badly mutilated, decomposed and charred bodies and in linking the perpetrator to the crime. With this background, we present here a review on the application of forensic genetics from a forensic odontology point of view., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.)