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BackgroundDiagnosing bipolar disorder poses a challenge in clinical practice and demands a substantial time investment. With the growing utilization of artificial intelligence in mental health, researchers are endeavoring to create AI-based diagnostic models. In this context, some researchers have sought to develop machine learning models for bipolar disorder diagnosis. Nevertheless, the accuracy of these diagnoses remains a subject of controversy. Consequently, we conducted this systematic review to comprehensively assess the diagnostic value of machine learning in the context of bipolar disorder.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science, with the search ending on April 1, 2023. QUADAS-2 was applied to assess the quality of the literature included. In addition, we employed a bivariate mixed-effects model for the meta-analysis.Results18 studies were included, covering 3152 participants, including 1858 cases of bipolar disorder. 28 machine learning models were encompassed. Sensitivity and specificity in discriminating between bipolar disorder and normal individuals were 0.88 (9.5% CI: 0.74~0.95) and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.73~0.96) respectively, and the SROC curve was 0.94(95% CI: 0.92~0.96). The sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing between bipolar disorder and depression were 0.84 (95%CI: 0.80~0.87) and 0.82 (95%CI: 0.75~0.88) respectively. The SROC curve was 0.89 (95%CI: 0.86~0.91).ConclusionsMachine learning methods can be employed for discriminating and diagnosing bipolar disorder. However, in current research, they are predominantly utilized for binary classification tasks, limiting their progress in clinical practice. Therefore, in future studies, we anticipate the development of more multi-class classification tasks to enhance the clinical applicability of these methods.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023427290, identifier CRD42023427290.

Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of ginkgo biloba extract combined with donepezil hydrochloride vs. donepezil for the treatment of vascular dementia (VaD).Methods: Four English databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) and four Chinese databases [the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Wanfang DATA, the Chongqing VIP Database (VIP), China Biomedical Database (CBM)] were manually searched for literature published from dates of the inception of the databases to September 2023. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ginkgo biloba extract with donepezil hydrochloride vs. donepezil for the treatment of VaD were included. Relevant literature was screened, and the data in the included studies were extracted for quality assessment according to the Risk of bias tool.Results: A total of 1,309 participants were enrolled in the 15 RCTs. Of these, 656 participants were in the experimental group (ginkgo biloba extract combined with donepezil) and 653 participants were in the control group (donepezil).The results showed that combination therapy was superior to donepezil alone, and there were statistically significant differences in several outcomes including RR in change for total effective rate (1.28, 95% confidence intervals 1.20, 1.38, p < 0.001), MD in change for Mini-Mental State Examination score (2.98, 95%CI 2.31, 3.65, p < 0.001), Barthel Index score (8.55,95%CI 1.11, 15.99, p = 0.024), Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL)score (10.11,95% CI 7.16,13.07,p < 0.001).Conclusion: Ginkgo biloba extract combined with donepezil dramatically improved the total effective rate, MMSE, BI and ADL scores, and decreased homocysteine (HCY), plasma viscosity (PV), whole blood viscosity at high cut (BVH) and whole blood viscosity at low cut (BVL) in VaD patients, while the effect on mean flow velocity and pulse index (PI) of middle cerebral artery (MCA) is not obvious. However, more relevant high-quality RCTs are needed to validate these results.Systematic Review Registration: Identifier CRD42023474678.

Introduction: Post-stroke spasticity (PSS) is among the prevalent complications of stroke, greatly affecting motor function recovery and reducing patients' quality of life without timely treatment. Sangdantongluo granule, a modern traditional Chinese patent medicine, has significant clinical efficacy in treating PSS. However, the mechanism of Sangdantongluo granule in treating PSS is still unknown. We designed this study to explore the mechanism of Sangdantongluo granule in treating PSS through multimodal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Methods and analysis: In a single-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel placebo-controlled study, 60 PSS patients will be recruited in China and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control groups at a ratio of 1:1. For eight weeks, Sangdantongluo granule or placebo will be utilized for intervention. The main outcome is the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), the secondary outcome includes the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale-upper Extremity (FMA-UE), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), the mechanism measure is the changes in cortical excitability and multimodal fMRI at baseline and after eight weeks. Ethics and dissemination: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval number: [202364]). Clinical trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, identifier: ChiCTR2300074793. Registered on 16 August 2023.

Although it is well established that thermal environments significantly influence travel behavior, the synergistic effects of points of interest (POI) and thermal environments on behavior remain unclear. This study developed a vision-based outdoor evaluation model aimed at uncovering the driving factors behind human behavior in outdoor spaces. First, Yolo v5 and questionnaires were employed to obtain crowd activity intensity and preference levels. Subsequently, target detection and clustering algorithms were used to derive variables such as POI attractiveness and POI distance, while a validated environmental simulator was utilized to simulate outdoor thermal comfort distributions across different times. Finally, multiple classification models were compared to establish the mapping relationships between POI, thermal environment variables, and crowd preferences, with SHAP analysis used to examine the contribution of each variable. The results indicate that XGBoost achieved the best predictive performance (accuracy = 0.95), with shadow proportion (|SHAP| = 0.24) and POI distance (|SHAP| = 0.12) identified as the most significant factors influencing crowd preferences. By extrapolation, this classification model can provide valuable insights for optimizing community environments and enhancing vitality in areas with similar climatic and cultural contexts.

Abstract Background HELLP syndrome refers to a group of clinical syndromes characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet, and the evidence on the association between proteinuria and the severity of HELLP and its maternal and neonatal outcomes is rare. Methods 106 pregnant women were assigned to the proteinuric group (24-hUPro ≥ 0.3 g, 79 cases) and the non-proteinuric group (24-hUPro

The adhesive behavior of one-dimensional (1D) materials, such as nanotubes and nanowires, plays a decisive role in the effective fabrication, functionality, and reliability of novel devices that integrate 1D components, as well as in biomimetic adhesives based on 1D arrays. This review compiles and critically evaluates recent experimental techniques that aim to characterize the adhesion behavior of interfaces formed by 1D materials, including when such materials are brought into contact with a substrate or adjacent 1D materials. The conformation of 1D material to surfaces and the associated occurrence of multi-asperity contact are discussed, and the coupling of adhesion and friction during interfacial attachment and detachment is explored. The use of 1D materials as reinforcement agents in nanocomposites and the associated interfacial characterization techniques are considered. The potential for the environmental conditions that exist during sample preparation and adhesion testing to influence 1D interfacial interactions and, ultimately, to alter the adhesion behavior of a 1D material is scrutinized. Finally, a brief perspective is provided on ongoing challenges and future directions, which include the methodical investigation of the testing environment and the alteration of adhesion through surface modification.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated neuropathy. First-line treatments for CIDP include corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasma exchange. However, the application is always limited by high costs, effectiveness, and adverse events. This study investigated a new potentially effective and safe therapeutic treatment to alleviate CIDP symptoms and improve the quality of life. In the present case, a 47-year-old rural woman presented with weakness and numbness of progressive extremities. She was diagnosed with CIDP based on abnormal cerebrospinal fluid and electromyography. The patient was treated with intravenous dexamethasone for 1 week and with Huangqi-Guizhi-Wuwu and Bu-Yang-Huan-Wu decoctions for 90 days. Surprisingly, after the treatment, the weakness and numbness were eliminated, and the quality of life improved. The varying INCAT, MRC, and BI scores also reflected the treatment effects. After 8 months of discharge, the symptoms did not relapse during the follow-up. We also searched “traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)” and “CIDP” in PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Databases, Wanfang Data, and the Chongqing Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database. Finally, only ten studies were included in the literature review. Three studies were randomized controlled trials, and seven were case reports or case series. There were 419 CIDP patients, but all study sites were in China. Nine TCM formulas involving 44 herbs were reported, with Huang Qi (Astragalus membranaceus) being the most important herb. In conclusion, the case and literature demonstrated that TCM treatment might be a more effective, low-cost, and safe option for treating CIDP. Although these preliminary findings are promising, a larger sample size and higher-quality randomized clinical trials are urgently required to confirm our findings.

An inkjet-printed paper-based Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor is a robust and versatile device that provides trace sensing capabilities for the detection and analysis of narcotics and drugs. Such sensors generally work well for analytes with good binding affinity towards the Au or Ag plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) resident in the sensors. In this report, we show that iodide functionalization of the printed sensors helps to remove adsorbed contaminants from AuNP surfaces enabling superior performance with improved detection of narcotics such as fentanyl, heroin and cocaine by SERS. SERS signals are easily doubled with the iodide-functionalized sensors which also showed orders of magnitude improvement in detection limit. In this report, we show that a short (90 s) iodide treatment of the sensors significantly improved the detection of heroin. We propose that iodide functionalization be integrated into field detection kits through the solvent that wets paper-based sensor prior to swabbing for narcotics. Alternatively, we have also demonstrated that iodide functionalized sensors can be stored in ambient for up to 1 week and retain the improved performance towards heroin detection. This report will help to significantly improve the performance of paper-based sensors for field detection of narcotic drugs.

The relationship between environmental factors and the indoor physical environment is very close, and external shading is considered an effective way to adjust the interaction between the indoor and outdoor environment. However, determining how to set up an external shading system remains a notable issue. In the early design stage, architects have adopted the process of designing the form and function first and then checking whether those characteristics meet the energy-saving specifications. However, this process involves a great deal of repetitive and inefficient work and cannot meet the requirements of energy savings and emission reductions in a global context. Therefore, it is particularly important to seek a design method that combines energy-saving design with form-based design. This paper takes a construction project in Northwest China as its research object. In this study, typical parametric models for external shading are designed. Furthermore, indoor performance objectives based on light environment analysis are proposed, and Ladybug Tools and the genetic algorithm (GA) are used for optimization and verification. The optimization results show that the adaptive shading system can significantly reduce the total cooling energy consumption per unit area in summer by 20% and 15%, respectively. The comfort level throughout the year improved by 14.8% (air conditioning on) and 4.7% (air conditioning off). This study proposes a fast and effective shading parametric design method for architects in the early stage, improving the efficiency and accuracy of performance-based design.

Magnetic alloy-C core-shell nanoparticles with tunable elemental components are highly expected for their controllable magnetic, catalytic, and electromagnetic properties, and high air stability. Here we present a simple one-step metal organic chemical vapor deposition for the synthesis of CoNi-C core-shell nanoparticles with tunable Co/Ni molar ratio. The as-synthesized nanoparticles have core sizes of 5–50 nm, shell thicknesses of ~5 nm, and tunable Co/Ni molar ratio determined by the molar ratio of Co(acac)3/Ni(acac)2 used in the precursor. The core-shell nanoparticles are very stable in ambient atmosphere at the temperature below 200 °C, and exhibit a slight oxidation in the temperature range of 200–400 °C. The core-shell nanoparticles with Co/Ni molar ratios of 1.27:1, 0.64:1, and 0.30:1 exhibit saturation magnetization values of 41, 31, and 24 emu/g, and coercivity values of 483, 346, and 362 Oe, respectively. It is demonstrated that the microwave absorption parameters of the as-synthesized nanoparticles can be tuned by the Co/Ni molar ratio, which provides a practical strategy to regulate the microwave absorption properties of nanostructured absorbers.

Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) remains underdiagnosed due to its complex clinical presentation. Here, the authors present the case of a 48-year-old of KS complicated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM), hypothyroidism and cryptorchidism as well as perform a literature review. The patient first visited the hospital for diabetes. Male sexual characteristics were missing, complicated with cryptorchidism. Laboratory and chromosome tests were performed to confirm the diagnosis. The patient demonstrated low testosterone and high gonadotropin levels, with the karyotype of 47, XXY. Thus, for diabetes patients who lack male sexual characteristics, gonadal function and chromosome-related examinations should be performed for analysis and differential diagnosis. Based on existing data, there is a pressing need to generate better evidence for KS early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment.

Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) micro- and nanomaterials have been widely used as a fire retardant, and are promising for fabricating high-performance cool materials and optoelectronic devices, but little is known on their mechanical properties. In this study, Young’s moduli of Sb2O3 micro- and nanowires grown via chemical vapor deposition are accurately determined by a nanomanipulation-assisted thermal resonance method. The Sb2O3 micro- and nanowires grow along the [001] direction and have irregular cross sections with thicknesses ranged from 87 to 238 nm and widths ranged from 168 to 549 nm. The measured Young modulus value is 92 ± 7 GPa, which is thickness independent and very close to the value of 89 GPa predicted using the first-principle calculations. The developed method can be extended for accurately measuring the Young’s modulus of any micro- and nanowire with irregular cross section.

In this work, a star-shaped planar acceptor named FTr-3PDI was synthesized via ring-fusion between truxene core and three bay-linked perylene diimide (PDI) branches. Compared to the unfused non-planar acceptor Tr-3PDI, FTr-3PDI exhibits better structural rigidity and planarity, as well as more effective conjugation between truxene core and PDI branches. As a result, FTr-3PDI shows up-shifted energy levels, enhanced light absorption coefficient, increased electron mobility, and more favorable phase separation morphology in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) blend films as compared to Tr-3PDI. Consequently, FTr-3PDI afforded higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) in BHJ solar cells when blended with a polymer donor PTB7-Th. This work demonstrates that ring-fusion is a promising molecular design strategy to combine the merits of truxene and PDI for non-fullerene acceptors used in organic solar cells.

In this study, an insert mold casting was fabricated by inserting 2024 Al extruded rods into a 2024 Al melt. The molds were kept at a 2024 Al melt for different times. The 2024 Al extruded rods were used to refine the 2024 Al alloy grains because the advantage of this method is that it is contamination free compared with other grain refiners. Moreover, we investigated the macro and microstructure of the ingots. Further, we analyzed the refinement mechanism of the 2024 Al rod on the 2024 Al alloy. Our result showed that when the immersion time of the 2024 Al insert was 0 s, a metallurgical bonding was partly formed between the 2024 Al insert and the 2024 Al alloy mold cast. When the immersion time of the 2024 Al insert increased to 5 s, the 2024 solid insert was dissolved in the liquid; the coarse dendritic grains were replaced by fine equiaxed grains. The refinement mechanism for the insertion of a 2024 Al rod on the 2024 Al alloy was to melt the 2024 Al insert and have it decrease the degree of the liquid superheat, which thus increased the cooling rate and provided a large number of small particles that acted as the nucleus of heterogeneous nucleation. However, these particles were melted gradually in the high-temperature liquid after an increase of immersion time. Thus, the refinement effect of 2024 Al insert on the solidified structure was weakened.

Nanowire-based field-effect transistors (FETs) have demonstrated considerable promise for a new generation of chemical and biological sensors. Indium arsenide (InAs), by virtue of its high electron mobility and intrinsic surface accumulation layer of electrons, holds properties beneficial for creating high performance sensors that can be used in applications such as point-of-care testing for patients diagnosed with chronic diseases. Here, we propose devices based on a parallel configuration of InAs nanowires and investigate sensor responses from measurements of conductance over time and FET characteristics. The devices were tested in controlled concentrations of vapour containing acetic acid, 2-butanone and methanol. After adsorption of analyte molecules, trends in the transient current and transfer curves are correlated with the nature of the surface interaction. Specifically, we observed proportionality between acetic acid concentration and relative conductance change, off current and surface charge density extracted from subthreshold behaviour. We suggest the origin of the sensing response to acetic acid as a two-part, reversible acid-base and redox reaction between acetic acid, InAs and its native oxide that forms slow, donor-like states at the nanowire surface. We further describe a simple model that is able to distinguish the occurrence of physical versus chemical adsorption by comparing the values of the extracted surface charge density. These studies demonstrate that InAs nanowires can produce a multitude of sensor responses for the purpose of developing next generation, multi-dimensional sensor applications.

Native (pre-existing) collaterals are arteriole-to-arteriole anastomoses that interconnect adjacent arterial trees and serve as endogenous bypass vessels that limit tissue injury in ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary and peripheral artery disease. Their extent (number and diameter) varies widely among mouse strains and healthy humans. We previously identified a major quantitative trait locus on chromosome 7 (Canq1, LOD = 29) responsible for 37% of the heritable variation in collateral extent between C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. We sought to identify candidate genes in Canq1 responsible for collateral variation in the cerebral pial circulation, a tissue whose strain-dependent variation is shared by similar variation in other tissues.Collateral extent was intermediate in a recombinant inbred line that splits Canq1 between the C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains. Phenotyping and SNP-mapping of an expanded panel of twenty-one informative inbred strains narrowed the Canq1 locus, and genome-wide linkage analysis of a SWRxSJL-F2 cross confirmed its haplotype structure. Collateral extent, infarct volume after cerebral artery occlusion, bleeding time, and re-bleeding time did not differ in knockout mice for two vascular-related genes located in Canq1, IL4ra and Itgal. Transcript abundance of 6 out of 116 genes within the 95% confidence interval of Canq1 were differentially expressed >2-fold (p-value

BACKGROUND: Severe burn injury results in the loss of intestinal barrier function, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation mediated by MLC kinase (MLCK) is critical to the pathophysiological regulation of intestinal barrier function. We hypothesized that the MLCK-dependent MLC phosphorylation mediates the regulation of intestinal barrier function following burn injury, and that MLCK inhibition attenuates the burn-induced intestinal barrier disfunction. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Male balb/c mice were assigned randomly to either sham burn (control) or 30% total body surface area (TBSA) full thickness burn without or with intraperitoneal injection of ML-9 (2 mg/kg), an MLCK inhibitor. In vivo intestinal permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran was measured. Intestinal mucosa injury was assessed histologically. Tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin and claudin-1 was analyzed by immunofluorescent assay. Expression of MLCK and phosphorylated MLC in ileal mucosa was assessed by Western blot. Intestinal permeability was increased significantly after burn injury, which was accompanied by mucosa injury, tight junction protein alterations, and increase of both MLCK and MLC phosphorylation. Treatment with ML-9 attenuated the burn-caused increase of intestinal permeability, mucosa injury, tight junction protein alterations, and decreased MLC phosphorylation, but not MLCK expression. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The MLCK-dependent MLC phosphorylation mediates intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction after severe burn injury. It is suggested that MLCK-dependent MLC phosphorylation may be a critical target for the therapeutic treatment of intestinal epithelial barrier disruption after severe burn injury.

Group A human rotaviruses (RVs) are a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Yet, aside from the genes encoding serotype antigens (VP7; G-type and VP4; P-type), little is known about the genetic make-up of emerging and endemic human RV strains. To gain insight into the diversity and evolution of RVs circulating at a single location over a period of time, we sequenced the eleven-segmented, double-stranded RNA genomes of fifty-one G3P[8] strains collected from 1974 to 1991 at Children's Hospital National Medical Center, Washington, D. C. During this period, G1P[8] strains typically dominated, comprising on average 56% of RV infections each year in hospitalized children. A notable exception was in the 1976 and 1991 winter seasons when the incidence of G1P[8] infections decreased dramatically, a trend that correlated with a significant increase in G3P[8] infections. Our sequence analysis indicates that the 1976 season was characterized by the presence of several genetically distinct, co-circulating clades of G3P[8] viruses, which contained minor but significant differences in their encoded proteins. These 1976 lineages did not readily exchange gene segments with each other, but instead remained stable over the course of the season. In contrast, the 1991 season contained a single major clade, whose genome constellation was similar to one of the 1976 clades. The 1991 clade may have gained a fitness advantage after reassorting with as of yet unidentified RV strain(s). This study reveals for the first time that genetically distinct RV clades of the same G/P-type can co-circulate and cause disease. The findings from this study also suggest that, although gene segment exchange occurs, most reassortant strains are replaced over time by lineages with preferred genome constellations. Elucidation of the selective pressures that favor maintenance of RVs with certain sets of genes may be necessary to anticipate future vaccine needs.

Copper compounds are widely used as impregnants that enhance the removal of HCN by carbon-based filter media. The reaction mechanism involved is poorly understood. In this study, we have followed the reaction of HCN with pristine copper, copper oxide (CuO and Cu 2 O) and copper@copperoxide (Cu@Cu 2 O) core–shell nanoparticles of well-defined size and composition. We have established a cooperative reaction mechanism where both the copper oxide shell and copper core are required for the chemisorption of HCN onto copper nanoparticle impregnants. The suitability of copper@copperoxide nanoparticles as impregnants for the removal of HCN in respirator canisters is discussed.

We report results from the first genome-wide application of a rational drug target selection methodology to a metazoan pathogen genome, the completed draft sequence of Brugia malayi, a parasitic nematode responsible for human lymphatic filariasis. More than 1.5 billion people worldwide are at risk of contracting lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, a related filarial disease. Drug treatments for filariasis have not changed significantly in over 20 years, and with the risk of resistance rising, there is an urgent need for the development of new anti-filarial drug therapies. The recent publication of the draft genomic sequence for B. malayi enables a genome-wide search for new drug targets. However, there is no functional genomics data in B. malayi to guide the selection of potential drug targets. To circumvent this problem, we have utilized the free-living model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a surrogate for B. malayi. Sequence comparisons between the two genomes allow us to map C. elegans orthologs to B. malayi genes. Using these orthology mappings and by incorporating the extensive genomic and functional genomic data, including genome-wide RNAi screens, that already exist for C. elegans, we identify potentially essential genes in B. malayi. Further incorporation of human host genome sequence data and a custom algorithm for prioritization enables us to collect and rank nearly 600 drug target candidates. Previously identified potential drug targets cluster near the top of our prioritized list, lending credibility to our methodology. Over-represented Gene Ontology terms, predicted InterPro domains, and RNAi phenotypes of C. elegans orthologs associated with the potential target pool are identified. By virtue of the selection procedure, the potential B. malayi drug targets highlight components of key processes in nematode biology such as central metabolism, molting and regulation of gene expression.

Complete genome DNA sequence and analysis is presented for Wolbachia, the obligate alpha-proteobacterial endosymbiont required for fertility and survival of the human filarial parasitic nematode Brugia malayi. Although, quantitatively, the genome is even more degraded than those of closely related Rickettsia species, Wolbachia has retained more intact metabolic pathways. The ability to provide riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide, heme, and nucleotides is likely to be Wolbachia's principal contribution to the mutualistic relationship, whereas the host nematode likely supplies amino acids required for Wolbachia growth. Genome comparison of the Wolbachia endosymbiont of B. malayi (wBm) with the Wolbachia endosymbiont of Drosophila melanogaster (wMel) shows that they share similar metabolic trends, although their genomes show a high degree of genome shuffling. In contrast to wMel, wBm contains no prophage and has a reduced level of repeated DNA. Both Wolbachia have lost a considerable number of membrane biogenesis genes that apparently make them unable to synthesize lipid A, the usual component of proteobacterial membranes. However, differences in their peptidoglycan structures may reflect the mutualistic lifestyle of wBm in contrast to the parasitic lifestyle of wMel. The smaller genome size of wBm, relative to wMel, may reflect the loss of genes required for infecting host cells and avoiding host defense systems. Analysis of this first sequenced endosymbiont genome from a filarial nematode provides insight into endosymbiont evolution and additionally provides new potential targets for elimination of cutaneous and lymphatic human filarial disease.

Eutrophication and seasonal hypoxia led by phosphorus (P) in bays have been increasingly paid close attention. This study investigated the level and distribution of P in water (DP), suspended particulates (SP-P), and surface sediment (SP) in Laizhou Bay (LZB). The spatial distribution illustrated that the concentrations of DP and SP-P were ranked as estuary > coastal area > inner bay. However, the concentration of SP was ranked as estuary > inner bay > coastal. The results showed that the western riverine inputs might be one of the main sources of P contamination in LZB. The SP mostly existed as the fraction of Ca-bounded P (Ca-P). In the water phase, the DP showed a significant correlation with SP-P, alkalinity, salinity, and dissolved organic carbon. In the sediment phase, the content of Fe, total organic carbon content, and different P fractions had significantly positive correlations with the SP. The Lorentz2D model was constructed to predict the SP concentration based on the measured DP and SP-P concentration. The fitting results as well in the estuaries and coastal area of LZB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]