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Background: The prevalence of diabetes among Egyptians is rising. Therefore, there is always a demand for innovative natural medicines. Medicinal plants have long been a significant source in search of novel, effective alternatives for human therapy. Chamomile is one of the most widely used medicinal plants, which may help hyperglycemic patients by lowering blood sugar levels. Objectives: To determine how chamomile extract affects the kidneys when albino male rats with chronic diabetes are induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Methods: The study was conducted in the Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine (Assiut) pharmacology department animal laboratory. For this investigation, a local strain of fifty adult male albino rats was used as the animal model and weighed 120 to 150 g. In this study, rats were divided into five groups, body weight, and systolic blood pressure was measured, and blood samples were collected for measuring blood glucose and insulin level, HbA1c, Na, K, and renal function tests, and histopathological examination was done. Results: After the study, mean glucose levels, HbA1c, urea, creatinine, K, and systolic blood pressure were significantly decreased in group IV & group V compared to group III. In contrast, body weight serum insulin level and Na increased dramatically in group IV & group V compared to group III. Conclusion: The serum levels of urea and creatinine in diabetic patients may be positively affected by chamomile. Additionally, short-term chamomile uses benefits diabetic individuals by decreasing loss of body weight, lowering HbA1c, and increasing insulin levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the study: Jaundice in newborns is a sign of skin and sclera pigmentation. Hyperbilirubinemia and these phenomena do, however, have a relationship. According to many clinical studies, elevated blood bilirubin and low vitamin E (VE) levels in newborns are associated. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of oxidative stress of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in patients who underwent phototherapy with additional vitamin E supplementation (25 mg/kg/day over the course of three days) and patients without additional vitamin E. Material and methods: A set of 100 neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia patients was enrolled at neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of the pediatric departments at Al Azhar University Hospitals during the period from February 2021 to October 2022 after obtaining signed written informed consent of all neonates' parents with an explanation of the aim of study. Material and methods: A set of 100 neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia patients was enrolled at neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of the pediatric departments at Al Azhar University Hospitals during the period from February 2021 to October 2022 after obtaining signed written informed consent of all neonates' parents with an explanation of the aim of study. Conclusions: Vitamin E supplementation has an important role in treatment of indirect hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. Early administration of vitamin E in preterm neonates resulted in a significant decrease of serum bilirubin and increased total antioxidant capacity. Vitamin E supplementation in full term decreased the duration of phototherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background DNA-methyltransferase 3 A (DNMT3A) plays an important role in DNA methylation. Its mutation is the commonest mutated epigenetic regulator in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the relation between DNMT3 polymorphism and AML risk in Egyptian patients is still unknown. Objectives To detect the frequency of DNMT3A-448A>G (rs 1550117) single nucleotide polymorphism in a cohort of adult Egyptian patients with AML and normal controls matched by age, sex, and ethnicity and to assess its effect on the susceptibility of AML. Patients and methods PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was the genotyping method used to assess DNMT3A polymorphism in the present case–control study. Results The frequency of the wild (GG), mutant heterozygous (AG), and mutant homozygous (AA) genotypes among patients and controls were 47.90 versus 47.70%, 46.50 versus49.20%, and 5.60 versus 3.10%, respectively (P=0.763, 0.505, and 0.462, respectively), whereas the frequency of A allele was 28.87 versus 27.69% P=0.829. The patients with DNMT3A mutant types (AG, AA, and carrier of the variant Allele of the DNMT3A) were not associated with the risk of AML (odds ratio: 0.548, 0.516, and 0.934; 95% confidence interval: 0.094–3.206, 0.088–3.014, and 0.556-1.60, respectively). Conclusion DNMT3A-448A>G (rs 1550117) polymorphism conferred no risk to AML in our studied Egyptian patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]