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Live stream marketing in China has been in the rage since 2019, and the e-commerce industry has expanded dramatically since the start of the pandemic. Internet celebrities, a growing number of people from different walks of life, movie stars, and TV hosts are now joining as live streamers. In February 2020, China's A-share stock market's Internet celebrity live streaming index rose by more than 20%. However, does adopting live stream marketing really have positive and significant impact on stock prices of listed companies? This study used event study analysis to investigate the impact of live stream marketing on stock prices of listed companies. After computing the normal rate (NR), abnormal rate (AR), cumulative average abnormal return (CAAR) of the subjects using EXCEL and SPSS and conducting a significant analysis of the CAAR, this study found that live stream marketing events have a positive influence on stock prices of listed companies. Live streaming has brought new economic vitality, however, with the existence of chaos phenomenon on the unmatured industry standards, access thresholds, and industry management at the same time. This study tries to organize a conceptual framework for discussion, and from a practical perspective, to summarize the reasons why companies use live stream marketing to influence stock prices: (1) Live stream marketing can boost sales in a short amount of time. (2) The stock price is influenced by live stream marketing's dramatic sales. (3) Brand awareness, which helps forecast the stock price, is promoted. At the same time, live stream provides significant advantages for companies. However, there is no certain supporting business model predicting how live stream marketing significantly affects the companies' stock price. Therefore, the authors, from a theoretical perspective, tried to solve the problem by seeking a stable business model for predicting the influence of live stream marketing on the stock price. In short, the influence of internet celebrity marketing has become a new significant variable and greatly impacted the firm's stock market price and the relevant research regarding this phenomenon is still scarce; it is necessary to study this hot topic at this stage, which is the research motive of this study., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

Research Background: Twisties symptoms have attracted the world's attention in the sports field since the 2020 Tokyo Olympics., Aim: However, studies on the symptoms and causes, inducing mechanisms, and relationships between DP/DR (Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder) and anxiety and depression for athletes have been sparse for both the general population and athletes. The literature on the twisties issue of athletes is quite scarce in the past., Research Method: Adopting the criteria appealing to PRISMA Items to review the subject twisties in a broader mode and combing with the IPO (Input-Process-Output) model for triangulation testing purpose, this study categorized the literature to explore input variables causing athletes' twisties and identified process variables in psychological mechanisms bridging suppression and finally discussed the existing possible ways in helping athletes to solve problems caused by twisties., Results: The authors formed 6 propositions in summarizing twisties' influential factors and mechanisms and tried to propose solutions to reduce the stress and the relevant twisties symptom of athletes. (1) Promotion of Athletes' Mental Toughness to Resist Stressors. (2) Interventions that correct for cognitive misinterpretations and appropriate relaxation and mindfulness practice in correcting a range of attention might reduce DP/DR. (3) Monitoring the athlete's HRV test results to ensure the Athlete's ability to resist pressure. (4) Avoid organizational stressors. (5) Written Emotional Disclosure method. (6) Improve various support systems for athletes: dual career paths. (7) Athletes' Stressful Awareness about the impact of gender, seniority, and environment., Conclusion: Through the theoretical dialogue on the symptom of twisties, this study helps promote the development of the research of "twisties" and depersonalization-derealization symptoms (DDS); both have been under-researched., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

The authors aim to explore a better fitting leadership style that is designed for the sustainable era in believing and committing to work for cherishing resources and developing the organization toward a new sustainable direction. This study developed the questionnaire items of the Resource-Dilemma-Handling-Leadership (RDHL) scale, representing a new sustainable era's new leadership style, and then to compare it with the transformational leadership style in order to highlight the importance of RHDL for sustainable development. This study took companies, which have more than 100 employees in Taiwan as research samples. Those companies were selected because they were socially tagged as being operating continuously for more than 20 years and identifying themselves with the operational orientation of social responsibility as their business philosophy and core values for management. A total of 532 valid questionnaires were collected, with a 90.6% valid return rate, and tested with the SEM method. Consistent with the authors' inferences from the literature, the test results suggest that CSR plays the role of full mediator between RDHL and OC. CSR itself is like a sense of responsibility, giving employees a sense of mission, to complete meaningful sustainability-relevant tasks in the organization. RDHL, compared with TL, has a better prediction power on CSR and OC. Theoretically, this study implies that the impact of leadership of the organization on OC in the aspects of sustainable development should be going through the influence of the ELB system in the form of CSR to promote the organization's internal and external organizational CSR performance, with added internal strengthening power from OC. Practically, the new RDHL concepts brought up by this study include the training and enhancement of leadership skills based on the content of the scale items being explored. The new RDHL scale contains a comprehensive description of the spirit of the new sustainable era's leadership style. Also, the future applications of RDHL ideas in the form of human resource development should help the realization of the ideally sustainability behavioral patterns of leaders and employees in the organizations., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Chan, Lin and Shih.)

This paper addresses and interprets learning styles, namely, single- and double-loop learning, of BSC implementation in the background of healthcare organizaiton/industry, through which barriers and facilitators are inducted for the BSC for the healthcare industry. Samples of this study are from a community hospital with 290 beds was probed with samples of 34 BSC members interviewed. Based on the qualitative research's grounded theory, the transcript data of this study were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding through NVIVO 10.0. By using single- and double-loop learning, this study distinguishes between adding and changing a health organization's specific capabilities, routines or abilities. Findings of this study indicated that BSC learning is more likely to improve the efficiency of the strategic management and strengthen the company's existing capabilities and routines; but it is not possible for single-loop learning to develop new capabilities. This study contributes to indicate that single-loop learning can be useful facilitators for organizational learning via affecting the positive performance of the organization, because employees are in favor of following existing routines and rules and allowing the employees to see the meaning of this balanced scorecard. However, employees still do not have the power to make changes they expect, because they do not have the power and right to change. The purpose of this research is to evaluate organizational learning performance via the implementation of the balanced scorecard in order to understand the mechanism's impact on organizational development. In short, this paper contributes practically to depict the process of executing BSC in learning organization in detail, and theoretically to understand the mechanism in optimizing organizational learning effect via BSC implementation through discussion of (1) downward penetration of single-loop learning from organization vision and goals, and upward following and promotion of double-loop learning of sub-units in the form of routines, norms, action plans and others; (2) ways of eliminating the gap by linking organizational member's values with the organization's vision in the form of giving individuals opportunities to make their own interpretation of learning results in the workplace., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2021 The Author(s).)

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a non-proteinogenic five-carbon amino acid, has received intensive attentions in medicine due to its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for cancer diagnosis and treatment as photodynamic therapy. As chemical synthesis of 5-ALA performed low yield, complicated processes, and high cost, biosynthesis of 5-ALA via C4 (also called Shemin pathway) and C5 pathway related to heme biosynthesis in microorganism equipped more advantages. In C4 pathway, 5-ALA is derived from condensation of succinyl-CoA and glycine by 5-aminolevulic acid synthase (ALAS) with pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) as co-factor in one-step biotransformation. The C5 pathway involves three enzymes comprising glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GltX), glutamyl-tRNA reductase (HemA), and glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (HemL) from α-ketoglutarate in TCA cycle to 5-ALA and heme. In this review, we describe the recent results of 5-ALA production from different genes and microorganisms via genetic and metabolic engineering approaches. The regulation of different chassis is fine-tuned by applying synthetic biology and boosts 5-ALA production eventually. The purification process, challenges, and opportunities of 5-ALA for industrial applications are also summarized., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an essential intermediate for many organisms and has been considered for the applications of medical especially in photodynamic therapy of cancer recently. However, ALA production via chemical approach is complicated; hence, microbial manufacturing has received more attentions. In this study, a modular design to simultaneously express ALA synthase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (RshemA), a non-specific ALA exporter (RhtA), and chaperones was first developed and discussed. The ALA production was significantly increased by coexpressing RhtA and RshemA. Besides, ALA was enhanced by the cofactor pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) which was supplied by expressing genes of pdxK and pdxY or direct addition. However, inclusion bodies of RshemA served as an obstacle; thus, chaperones DnaK and GroELS were introduced to reform the conformation of proteins and successfully improved ALA production. Finally, a plasmid-free strain RrGI, as the robust chassis, was established and a 6.23-fold enhancement on ALA biosynthesis and led to 7.47 g/L titer and 0.588 g/L/h productivity under the optimal cultural condition., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

As intellectual capital is considered an important strategic resource in knowledge-intensive industries, such as the health and pharmaceutical industries, scholars have developed a deeper understanding of the human capital at different levels of organizations and its interaction with relational capital from informal institutional stakeholders. This study focused on the role of human capital at different levels of pharmaceutical corporations and the orchestration of human capital at different levels with informal relational capital. By using data regarding Chinese pharmaceutical listed companies from 2001 to 2017, this study found that (1) human capital at the employee level exerted an inverted U-shaped effect on a pharmaceutical firm's performance, which was negatively moderated by informal institutional relational capital, and (2) based on the upper echelons theory, human capital at the executive level had a monotonic positive impact on a pharmaceutical firm's performance but was negatively moderated by informal relational capital. We found two arrangements that facilitate the orchestration of intellectual capital components to gain optimal distinctiveness and performance.

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an important metabolic intermediate compound with high value and has recently been used in agriculture and medicine. In this study, we have constructed six recombinant Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains that are involved in pET system under the regulation of the T7 promoter and LacI to express codon-optimized hemA gene from Rhodobacter capsulatus (RchemA) for ALA production via the C4 pathway. Due to codon optimization, hemA has a high transcriptional level; however, most RcHemA proteins were formed as inclusion body. To improve expression in soluble form, the vector with TrxA fusion tag was successfully used and co-expressed with partner GroELS as chaperone in another vector. As a result, ALA production increased significantly from 1.21 to 3.67 g/L. In addition, optimal ALA production was developed through adjustment of induction time and isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentration, as well as substrate addition conditions. By adopting a two-stage induction strategy, the highest ALA reached 5.66 g/L when 0.1 mM of IPTG was added at early exponential phase (i.e., OD 600 was equal to 0.7 to 0.8), while 6 g/L of glycine, 2 g/L of succinate, and 0.03 mM of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) were provided in the mid-exponential phase in fermentation.

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an unnatural amino acid and has been approved as a biodegradable, non-toxic pesticide and herbicide with applications in sustainable agriculture. 5-ALA can also be applied for cancer targeting via tumor localization and photodynamic therapy. Herein, we developed a feasible quantification, regulation and production method of 5-ALA in Escherichia coli is based on the chimera of 5-ALA synthetase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (RshemA) and super-fold green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) under the control of dual promoters/double plasmids. 5-ALA production based on quantification with the reporter sfGFP was unsuccessfully for the RshemA-sfGFP fusion protein owing to a steric hindrance effect, but was effective using dual constitutive promoters (i.e., J23100 and P LacI ) for RshemA and sfGFP independently. Moreover, a simple quantification method based on the linear relationship between 5-ALA concentration and the change in sfGFP intensity was calculated with the Hill equation according to the results of dual plasmids which composed of RshemA-threonine/homoserine exporter (RhtA) and the sensing plasmid pSU-T7-sfGFP. Compared with the conventional detection method for 5-ALA using Ehrlich's reagent, our proposed method is advantages in effectiveness, real-time detection, and outstanding sensitivity. Finally, the highest yield of 5-ALA was obtained in E. coli D2TT strain, reaching 2.46 g/L of 5-ALA produced in a 2.5-L baffle flask fermentation. Hence, this approach shows strong potential for improving 5-ALA production with appropriate regulation and detection based on the fluorescent signal., (Copyright © 2019 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Shivering during regional anesthesia is a common complication and is related to a decrease in the patient's core body temperature. Previous studies have shown that acupuncture on specific acupoints can preserve core body temperature. The present study evaluated the effect of electroacupuncture in preventing the shivering caused by regional anesthesia., Methods: This prospective and randomized controlled study analyzed the data from 80 patients undergoing urological surgery, who were classified as ASA I or II. Spinal anesthesia was performed in all patients using 15 mg of bupivacaine. The patients were randomly allocated to receive either placebo acupuncture (Group P, n=40) or electroacupuncture (Group A, n=40) for 30 min before administration of spinal anesthesia. Shivering score was recorded at 5 min intervals, with 0 representing no shivering and 4 representing the most severe shivering possible. Heart rate, blood pressure, and tympanic temperature were recorded before the intrathecal injection, and again every 5 min thereafter until 30 min., Results: After spinal anesthesia, the decrease in tympanic temperature was less for Group A patients than Group P, with the difference being statistically significant. After 15 min, 13 patients in Group P attained a shivering score of 3 or more, compared with 3 patients in Group A. Significantly more patients in Group P attained a shivering score of at least 1., Conclusions: The prophylactic use of electroacupuncture might maintain core body temperature, and may effectively prevent the shivering that commonly develops during regional anesthesia., Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612000096853.