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Jing Gao¹, Keith Hentel¹, Qiang Zhu², Teng Ma², George Shih¹, Kevin Mennitt¹, Robert Min¹¹Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, USA; ²Division of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaBackground: The aim of this study was to assess differences in intrarenal artery Doppler parameters measured without and with Doppler angle correction.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed color duplex sonography in 30 normally functioning kidneys (20 native kidneys in 10 subjects and 10 transplanted kidneys in 10 subjects) performed between January 26, 2010 and July 26, 2010. There were 10 age-matched men and10 age-matched women (mean 39.8 ± 12.2, range 21–60 years) in this study. Depending on whether the Doppler angle was corrected in the spectral Doppler measurement, Doppler parameters including peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistive index (RI) measured at the interlobar artery of the kidney were divided into two groups, ie, initial Doppler parameters measured without Doppler angle correction (Group 1) and remeasured Doppler parameters with Doppler angle correction (Group 2). Values for PSV, EDV, and RI measured without Doppler angle correction were compared with those measured with Doppler angle correction, and were analyzed statistically with a paired-samples t-test.Results: There were statistical differences in PSV and EDV at the interlobar artery in the upper, mid, and lower poles of the kidney between Group 1 and Group 2 (all P < 0.001). PSV and EDV in Group 1 were significantly lower than in Group 2. RI in Group 1 was the same as that in Group 2 in the upper, mid, and lower poles of the kidneys.Conclusion: Doppler angle correction plays an important role in the accurate measurement of intrarenal blood flow velocity. The true flow velocity converted from the maximum Doppler velocity shift is produced only when the Doppler angle is 0°, so that the emission sound beam is parallel to the direction of blood flow at the sampled artery. Therefore, the Doppler angle correction should be routinely applied and displayed on renal color duplex sonography.Keywords: color duplex sonography, blood flow velocity, Doppler angle, Doppler shift, kidney

We describe the curation, annotation methodology, and characteristics of the dataset used in an artificial intelligence challenge for detection and localization of COVID-19 on chest radiographs. The chest radiographs were annotated by an international group of radiologists into four mutually exclusive categories, including typical, indeterminate, and atypical appearance for COVID-19, or negative for pneumonia, adapted from previously published guidelines, and bounding boxes were placed on airspace opacities. This dataset and respective annotations are available to researchers for academic and noncommercial use.

The Florida Everglades developed as a nutrient-poor, rain-fed ecosystem. However, for the past 30 yr, the Everglades have received nutrient-enriched surface water runoff from the adjacent Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). This study examines the response of a pristine wetland, Water Conservation Area 1 (WCA 1), part of the northern Florida Everglades, to nutrient loading as documented by soil nutrient concentrations. During 1979 to 1988, WCA 1 received 138 t total P (TP) and 4919 t total N (TN), retaining 53% of the TP load and 58% of the TN load. Analyses of the spatial distribution of soil N and P showed steep gradients of TP along the western canal boundary, adjacent to inflow points importing EAA runoff. Surficial soils (0-10 cm depth) at interior marsh sites had a mean TP concentration of 368 mg [kg.sup.-1], compared with 1028 mg [kg.sup.-1] measured at sites adjacent to the western canal. Similar trends were observed for soil Ca and Mg, while C and N did not show the same boundary effects on spatial enrichment. Nutrient-enriched sites also had higher porewater soluble reactive P (SRP; 0.15 mg [L.sup.-1]) and N[H.sub.4]-N (1.65 mg [L.sup.-1]) than unenriched sites (SRP = 0.02 mg [L.sup.-1], N[H.sub.4]-N = 0.85 mg [L.sup.-1]). Of the 90 sites sampled, 66 sites consisted of sloughs and sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense Crantz); the remaining 24 sites were either cattail (Typha spp.) dominated or had a significant cattail presence. These 24 cattail sites were closest to the nutrient inflow areas and had the highest soil nutrient concentrations.

The ability of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) to induce dendritic cell (DC) differentiation in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was evaluated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CML patients cultured with IFN-alpha and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) developed a dendritic morphology. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated that the DCs harbored the bcr/abl translocation. The DCs prepared with IFN-alpha/GM-CSF expressed significantly higher levels of class I and II HLA than those grown in interleukin-4 (IL-4) and GM-CSF. The DCs prepared from newly diagnosed CML patients using IFN-alpha/GM-CSF expressed immunoregulatory proteins at levels comparable to normal DCs. In contrast, DCs cultured from CML patients who did not achieve a cytogenetic response to IFN-alpha expressed significantly lower levels of class I HLA, CD40, CD54, CD80 and CD86 than normal DCs. The expression of CD86 by CML DCs was enhanced when they were cultured with IFN-alpha/IL-4/GM-CSF, or when IFN-alpha/GM-CSF-treated cells were induced to mature by CD40 ligand. The DCs from IFN-alpha failures were less stimulatory than normal DCs in the allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction. CML patients who had a cytogenetic response to IFN-alpha initially had low numbers of bone marrow DCs that increased significantly with treatment, while nonresponders had more prevalent DCs at baseline that showed no consistent change with treatment. Therefore, IFN-alpha can induce DC differentiation from CML progenitor cells both in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic activity of IFN-alpha in CML may be due to its ability to stimulate the generation of DCs that can present CML-specific antigens. Resistance to IFN-alpha may result when DC differentiation becomes impaired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hollywood, California, neighborhood is a magnet for high-need youths who run away from home. These youths have many service needs. The Computer Assisted Adolescent Referral System (CHARS) is designed to assist youths in gaining access to services, support youth-serving professionals in making referrals, and identify high-risk youths in multiple settings. The system, which is self-evaluating, is a health, mental health, and social system, database with over fifty service organizations listed and twenty-five types of services available. The Measurement Group (TMG), in collaboration with Childrens Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), developed CAARS in 1995 as a freestanding program. Funding was provided by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Special Projects of National Significance (SPNS) Program. The Web version (http://www.caars.net) was created in early 1998 in order to increase access to an earlier, stand-alone version of CAARS, and provide a way for those who serve youths throughout the region to learn about local services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, we develop a nearly white-light-emitting device by integrating blue/green emission from a GaN-based light-emitting diode with red emission from a porous SiO2 layer. The porous SiO 2 layer was fabricated by a novel process procedure to create Si nanocrystals on top of the n-type GaN layer. Red light is generated from the metal-oxide-semiconductor (Ni-Au-SiO2 oxide-n-type GaN) structure due to the electron-hole recombination in the Si nanocrystals. The device shows a blue light emission at a low biased voltage and nearly white-light emission (green and red colors) at a bias voltage between 14 and 16 V. Our results show the potential of applying such an integrated structure to white-light illumination [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Presents a corrected version of the article "Trailing-Edge Jet Control of Leading-Edge Vortices of a Delta Wing," by Chiang Shih and Zhong Ding, which appeared in a 1996 issue of "AIAA Journal".