Search

Your search keyword '"Shih‐Cheng Liao"' showing total 236 results
Start Over Author "Shih‐Cheng Liao"
236 results on '"Shih‐Cheng Liao"'

1. The great recession, neurotic personality, and subjective sleep quality among patients with mood disorders

Author

I-Ming Chen, Hsi-Chung Chen, Chih-Min Liu, Shih-Cheng Liao, Ming-Hsien Hsieh, Tsung-Yang Wang, Jen-Hui Chan, and Po-Hsiu Kuo

Subjects
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, AZ20-999, Social Sciences
Abstract

Abstract Previous studies exploring the effects of the business cycle on sleep have mostly focused on the general population, and their results have been inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the effects of the 2008 economic crisis and personality traits on the subjective sleep quality of outpatients with mood disorders. In this cross-sectional study, patients with mood disorders were recruited from two medical centers and a psychiatric hospital. Socio-demographics, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were collected through in-person interviews. Candidate predictors significantly associated with PSQI scores in univariate analysis were included in a multiple linear regression model. There were 334 participants; 29% had unipolar depression, and 71% had bipolar affective disorder. The average PSQI score was 11.0 (±4.0). A higher degree of neuroticism [β(se) = 0.49 (0.07), p

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Effectiveness of health checkup with depression screening on depression treatment and outcomes in middle-aged and older adults: a target trial emulation studyResearch in context

Author

Yu-Ling Chen, Ming-Shiang Wu, Shih-Heng Wang, Yin-Ju Lien, Shih-Cheng Liao, Chia-Ming Chang, Wei-Lieh Huang, Chi-Shin Wu, and Chih-Cheng Hsu

Subjects
Mass screening, Treatment outcome, Suicide, Hospitalization, Age, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Summary: Background: Adult preventive health checkups with depression screening were launched in August 2011 in Taiwan; however, its impact has not yet been evaluated. This study aimed to use real-world data to assess the effectiveness of depression screening among middle-aged and older adults. Methods: A total of 4,972,228 adults aged 40 years and above who participated in a health checkup with depression screening between 2013 and 2019 and the same number of unscreened counterparts were included. The target trial emulation study was conducted to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for newly treated depression, psychiatric hospitalisation, and suicide. The changes in HRs during the study period were assessed using interval Cox models. Findings: The screening group had a higher rate of newly treated depression (HR 1.63 [95% CI 1.62, 1.64]) and a lower risk of psychiatric hospitalisation (HR 0.93 [95% CI 0.91, 0.95]). There was a null association between depression screening and suicide; however, a higher suicide risk was found in screened older adults aged 65 years and above. Only 10.8% received depression treatment during the study period among the screen-positive individuals. Interpretation: Health checkups with depression screening could potentially promote depression treatment and reduce the risk of psychiatric hospitalisation; however, there was no effect on suicide. The treatment rate for depression remained low after screening for depression. Further attention to enhance referral and treatment is required. Funding: The study was funded by the National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. The mediating effects of personality traits on the relationship of youth conduct problems and mood disorders with adulthood suicidality

Author

Tsung-Yang Wang, Hsi-Chung Chen, Cheng-Dien Hsu, I-Ming Chen, Shih-Cheng Liao, Chiao-Erh Chang, Ying-Yeh Chen, Jen-Hui Chan, and Po-Hsiu Kuo

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Identifying the relevant factors for suicidality in individuals with conduct problems is a public health concern, especially if they were under the influence of mood disorders later in life. This study investigates the relationship between youth conduct problems and mood disorders and adulthood suicidality, and to further explore the mediating effects of personality on this relationship. A retrospective cohort study was administered to 308 individuals aged 20–65 years, with or without mood disorders diagnosed by psychiatrists. The Composite International Diagnosis Interview was used to evaluate conduct problems in youth and suicidality (i.e., suicide plan and suicide attempt) in the past year. Personality traits were assessed using Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised for extraversion and neuroticism. Multiple-mediator analysis was used to investigate the mediation effects of personality traits on the relationship between conduct problems and suicidality. The average age of enrolled participants was 31.6 years, and 42.5% of them were female. 39.2% reported suicidality and 43.2% reported conduct problems in youth. Participants who were diagnosed with mood disorders (p

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. A simple version of resting‐state heart rate variability interpretation for patients with affective disorders: A four‐pattern perspective

Author

Wei‐Lieh Huang, Ying‐Chih Cheng, and Shih‐Cheng Liao

Subjects
affective disorders, autonomic nervous system, depression, heart rate variability, personality, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Heart rate variability (HRV) is often considered as a biomarker reflecting well‐being, but the clinical meaning of short‐term resting‐state HRV is not sufficiently defined. We assume that combining several common HRV indices as “HRV patterns” and using the patterns for screening purposes are meaningful approaches. Resting‐state 5‐min HRV data of 424 subjects were analyzed. Four of the most commonly used HRV indices were considered: standard deviation of normal–to–normal RR intervals, low‐frequency power, high‐frequency power and the ratio of low‐frequency to high‐frequency power. According to these indices, four HRV patterns were defined: normal pattern, low HRV pattern, relatively high sympathetic pattern, and relatively high vagal pattern. The associations between the demographics, lifestyles, personality traits, psychological states, and HRV patterns were explored: the low HRV pattern was positively associated with age, body mass index, and depression; the relatively high sympathetic pattern was positively associated with age and negatively associated with exercise habit; and the relatively high vagal pattern was negatively associated with having a steady job and novelty seeking. The pattern perspective may provide a convenient and evidence‐based way to interpret resting‐state HRV for patients with affective disorders.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Ten-year trends in depression care in Taiwan

Author

Hsiao-Han Wang, Chia-Ming Chang, Shu-Sen Chang, Albert C. Yang, Yi-Hung Liu, Shih-Cheng Liao, and Chi-Shin Wu

Subjects
Depression, Quality of health care, Trends, Taiwan, Psychiatrist density, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background/Purpose: The number of psychiatrists working in community clinics in Taiwan has increased dramatically in the recent decade. This study aimed to investigate the trend of prevalence and incidence of depressive disorders and assess the quality of depression care between 2007 and 2016 in Taiwan. Methods: We used the claims database derived from Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) program, in which approximately 23.0 million individuals were enrolled, translating to a coverage rate of 99%. Patients with depressive disorders were identified based on International Classification of Diseases codes. The process indicators of depression care quality included visit, duration, and dose adequacy. The outcome indicators included the rate of psychiatric hospitalisation, emergency visit, self-harm hospitalisation, and suicide. Results: The prevalence of treated depressive disorders increased from 1.61% in 2007 to 1.92% in 2016, i.e., a 25% increase, whereas the incidence of first-ever or recurrent depressive disorder did not change significantly. The number of patients treated by psychiatrists and in community clinics also increased. The quality of depression care improved, the proportion of patients receiving minimum psychiatric clinic follow-up and adequate medication increased, and the rate of emergency visits, psychiatric hospitalisation, and self-harm hospitalisation declined. Conclusion: The community-based psychiatric services increased and the quality indicators of depression care in Taiwan improved during 2007–2016. The causality warrants further investigations.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. The psychological features of distinct somatic syndromes: A cluster analysis according to population-based somatic symptom profiles in Taiwan

Author

Wei-Lieh Huang, Shu-Sen Chang, and Shih-Cheng Liao

Subjects
Somatic symptoms, Cluster analysis, Health anxiety, Depression, Anxiety, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background: Functional somatic syndromes (such as chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome) are often comorbid. Whether these syndromes are distinct constructs and whether they have different psychological features are interesting questions. We perform a cluster analysis based on a nationwide survey in Taiwan to answer these questions. Methods: A score of at least 5 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15, measuring somatic symptoms) indicated somatic syndromes and the data of 550 subjects were included. According to the gastrointestinal, pain–fatigue and cardiovascular subdimension scores of the PHQ-15, we performed a two-step cluster analysis. The demographic data and the cluster scores of the Health Anxiety Questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (measuring depression and anxiety) were compared. Multinomial logistic and multiple linear regression analyses were used to clarify the associations between clusters/somatic symptoms and demographics/psychological features. Results: Four clusters were generated and named according to their somatic features: “high gastrointestinal symptoms”, “high pain-fatigue and comorbid somatic symptoms”, “middle to high pain–fatigue symptoms” and “high cardiovascular symptoms”. The high pain–fatigue and comorbid somatic symptom cluster had the highest levels of extent to which symptoms interfere with a person's life, depression and anxiety. The high cardiovascular symptom cluster was featured by high excessive worry over health and illness and low educational level. The high gastrointestinal symptom cluster had relatively low psychopathologies. Conclusion: The results of this population-based analysis supported the existence of distinct somatic syndromes that are not parts of a single whole somatic syndrome and have different psychological features.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behaviors in the Taiwan Psychiatric Morbidity Survey

Author

Jia-Chi Shan, I-Ming Chen, Po-Hsien Lin, Wei J. Chen, Shih-Cheng Liao, Ming-Been Lee, and Po-Hsiu Kuo

Subjects
Suicidal behaviors, Depressive disorder, Prevalence, Taiwan, World Mental Health Survey, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background/purpose: Suicide is a huge global health burden. High suicide rates with a low prevalence of major depressive disorder were reported in East Asia. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of suicidal behaviors in relation to the demographic characteristics and major depressive disorder in Taiwan. Methods: This study was based on the Taiwan Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, conducted between 2003 and 2005, a survey of common psychiatric disorders in a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized civilians aged 18 or above. Demographic data, major depressive disorder, and suicidal behaviors were ascertained by a face-to-face interview using the paper version of the World Mental Health Survey Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: According to the total sample of 10,135 participants, the lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans and attempts was 7.52% (S.E = 0.46%), 1.31% (S.E. = 0.16%) and 1.29% (S.E. = 0.16%), respectively. Among suicide ideators, the conditional probability of making a suicide plan was 17.39% (S.E. = 1.92%), and a suicide attempt 17.16% (S.E. = 2.15%). Age ≤ 40, female sex, and major depressive disorder were related to a higher risk of suicidal behaviors in the general population; the former two were associated with further developing suicide attempts and the latter one developing plans among ideators. Conclusion: Despite low prevalence, major depressive disorder remained a significant risk factor for suicidal behaviors in Taiwan.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. The associations between working conditions and subjective sleep quality among female migrant care workers

Author

I-Ming Chen, Tzu-Yun Lin, Yi-Ling Chien, Jennifer Yi-Ying Chen, Jen-Hui Chan, Shih-Cheng Liao, Po-Hsiu Kuo, and Hsi-Chung Chen

Subjects
migrant, care worker, sleep quality, working conditions, minority, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundSubjective sleep quality may reflect the mental well-being of migrant care workers; however, the related occupational factors remain unclear. This study examines the association between the characteristics of care labor and the subjective sleep quality of female migrants.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, Southeast Asian migrant care workers in Taiwan were recruited using convenience sampling. Data on working conditions, including workplace setting, wage, working hours, psychiatric symptoms of care recipients, and sleep quality measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), were collected through computer-assisted personal interviews. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the independent relationship between working conditions and the PSQI global score.ResultsThere were 220 institution-(47.7%) and home-based (52.3%) care workers, and 47.7% had a PSQI score higher than 5. After controlling for covariates, the lowest tertile of wages and daily working hours (> 8 h) were independently correlated with poor sleep quality. Moreover, in the stepwise regression model, wage and working hours remained the most explainable correlates of poor sleep quality.ConclusionThis study lent support to the notion that low wages and long working hours are significant occupational factors that negatively impact the subjective sleep quality of female Southeast Asian migrant care workers in Taiwan.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. The impact of COVID-19 stressors on psychological distress and suicidality in a nationwide community survey in Taiwan

Author

Chia-Yi Wu, Ming-Been Lee, Pham Thi Thu Huong, Chia-Ta Chan, Chun-Yin Chen, and Shih-Cheng Liao

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract COVID-19 stressors and psychological stress response are important correlates of suicide risks under the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of COVID-19 stress, its impact on mental health and associated risk factors among the general population during the outbreak of COVID-19 in July 2020 throughout Taiwan. A nationwide population-based survey was conducted using a computer-assisted telephone interview system with a stratified, proportional randomization method for the survey. The questionnaire comprised demographic variables, psychological distress assessed by the five-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale and independent psychosocial variables including COVID-19 stressors, loneliness, suicidality, and health-related self-efficacy. In total, 2094 respondents completed the survey (female 51%). The COVID-19 stress was experienced among 45.4% of the participants, with the most prevalent stressors related to daily life and job/financial concerns. Higher levels of suicidality, loneliness, and a lower level of self-efficacy had significantly higher odds of having COVID-19 stress. The structural equation model revealed that COVID-19 stress was moderately associated with psychological distress and mediated by other psychosocial risk factors. The findings call for more attention on strategies of stress management and mental health promotion for the public to prevent larger scales of psychological consequences in future waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Occupational and Non-occupational Injuries Can Result in Prolonged Augmentation of Psychiatric Disorders

Author

Wei-Shan Chin, Shih-Cheng Liao, Shin-Chun Pan, and Yue-Liang Leon Guo

Subjects
psychiatric disorders, occupational injury, trauma and stress-related disorder, depression, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background: The long-term effects of occupational injury (OI) on psychiatric diseases are unclear. This study assessed and compared the effects of OI, no injury (control), and non-OI (NOI) on the development of psychiatric diseases. Methods: We used Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database to investigate the incidence of psychiatric disorders in OI, NOI, and control groups. The subjects were aged 20–50 years, actively employed in 2000, and did not have history of injury or psychiatric disorders. All subjects were followed from 2000 and were classified into OI, NOI, and control groups according to occurrence of target injury later on. Individuals in each group were matched by age, sex, insurance premium before the index date, and year of the index date. Psychiatric disease-free days were compared among the groups using survival analysis and Cox regression. Results: We included a total of 12,528 patients for final analysis, with 4,176 in each group. Compared with the control group, the OI group had an increased occurrence of trauma and stress-related disorder, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and alcohol and other substance dependence. These increases were similar to those in the NOI group. Elevated cumulative incidence rate of any psychiatric disorders was observed among those with OI or NOI up to 10 years after injury. Conclusion: We confirmed that OI and NOI induced psychiatric disorders. These findings highlight the need for workers’ compensation mechanisms to consider long-term psychological care among injured workers.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Changes in employment status and income before and after newly diagnosed depressive disorders in Taiwan: a matched cohort study using controlled interrupted time series analysis

Author

Yu-Ling Chen, Wei-Hsiang Liao, Shih-Heng Wang, Yin-Ju Lien, Chia-Ming Chang, Shih-Cheng Liao, Wei-Lieh Huang, and Chi-Shin Wu

Subjects
depression, employment, income, interrupted time series analysis, propensity score, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Aims We explored long-term employment status and income before and after depression diagnosis among men and women and at different working ages in Taiwan. Methods Data from 2006 to 2019 were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Individuals with newly diagnosed depressive disorder aged 15 to 64 years during the study period were identified. An equal number of individuals without depression were matched for their demographic and clinical characteristics. Employment outcomes included employment status, which was categorized into employed or unemployed, and annual income. Based on the occupation categories and monthly insurance salary recorded in the Registry for Beneficiaries of the NHIRD, a subject was defined as unemployed if he or she differed from the income earner or the occupation category was unemployed. Monthly income was defined as zero for unemployed subjects and proxied as monthly insurance salary for others. Annual income was the sum of monthly income in each observation year. Results A total of 420,935 individuals with depressive disorder were included in the study, and an equal number of individuals with not diagnosed depression served as controls. Employment rate and income were lower in the depression group than in the control group before the year of diagnosis, with a difference of 5.7% in employment rate and USD 1,173 in annual income. This gap increased considerably after the year of diagnosis (7.3% in employment rate and USD 1,573 in annual incomes) and further widened in the subsequent years (8.1% in employment rate and USD 2,006 in annual incomes in the 5th following year). The drops in the employment rate and income caused by depression were more evident in men and older age groups than in women and younger age groups, respectively. However, the reduction in employment rate and income in the following years after the diagnosis was more considerable among younger age groups. Conclusions The effect of depression on employment status and income was significant during the year of diagnosis and continued afterwards. The effect on employment outcomes varied between genders and across all age groups.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Taiwan mini-frontier of primary aldosteronism: Updating treatment and comorbidities detection

Author

Chieh-Kai Chan, Yi-Yao Chang, Yi-Chun Tsai, Zheng-Wei Chen, Chun-Yi Wu, Wei-Chieh Huang, I-Weng Yen, Kuo-Hsin Wu, Vin-Cent Wu, Yen-Hung Lin, Jui-Hsiang Lin, Wei-Jie Wang, Che-Hsiung Wu, Ya-Hui Hu, Leay Kiaw Er, Chia-Hui Chang, Yao-Chou Tsai, Chih-Chin Yu, Lian-Yu Lin, Fu-Chang Hu, Chin-Chen Chang, Kao-Lang Liu, Shuo-Meng Wang, Kuo-How Huang, Shih-Chieh Jeff Chueh, Shih-Cheng Liao, Ching-Chu Lu, Ruoh-Fang Yen, and Kwan-Dun Wu

Subjects
Primary aldosteronism, Treatment, Comorbidities detection, Frontier, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

The aim of this study was to update the information on internationally acceptable standards and clinical practice recommendations for the management of patients with primary aldosteronism (PA). The Taiwan Society of Aldosteronism (TSA) Task Force acknowledged the novel issues of PA and reached a group consensus on PA in Taiwan by collecting the best available evidence and conducting one group meeting, several conference calls, and multiple e-mail communications. Unilateral adrenalectomy is the preferred treatment for patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). For medical treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), spironolactone is the first-line treatment, and eplerenone is a reasonable alternative in PA patients intolerant or contraindicated to spironolactone. The dose of MRAs can be titrated according to plasma renin activity (PRA). For screening PA-related comorbidities, we suggest albuminuria to predict a post-treatment decline in renal function, echocardiography as cardiac evaluation, bone mineral density scan for osteoporosis, and obstructive sleep apnea. In tissue and genetic surveys, we suggest immunohistochemical staining and somatic mutation screening for post-operative adrenal specimens in APA patients. With this consensus, we hope to update the information on PA for clinical physicians to facilitate better identification, management and treatment of patients with PA.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. The association between heart rate variability and skin conductance: a correlation analysis in healthy individuals and patients with somatic symptom disorder comorbid with depression and anxiety

Author

Wei-Lieh Huang, Li-Chin Ko, and Shih-Cheng Liao

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Objective To investigate the correlations between heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductance (SC) in two populations under three different situations. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with somatic symptom disorder comorbid with depression and anxiety and healthy individuals without a psychiatric history. The biological signals were measured under three conditions: resting state, during a cognitive task and during paced breathing. Pearson’s correlation analysis and the generalized estimating equation were used to examine the correlations between SC and HRV in the two populations under the three situations. Results The study enrolled 97 patients with somatic symptom disorder comorbid with depression and anxiety and 96 healthy individuals. In healthy individuals, the ratio of low-frequency power to high frequency power (LF/HF) and normalized LF (LF%) were significantly correlated with SC in the resting state and during a cognitive task, but the correlation coefficients were low level. In patients with somatic symptom disorder comorbid with depression and anxiety, LF/HF and LF% did not show significant correlations with SC under any situation. Conclusions The two different populations and three situations might have affected the significance of the LF/HF-SC and LF%-SC correlations. The generally low correlations indicate that LF/HF and LF% cannot fully reflect the sympathetic cholinergic activity represented by SC.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Adherence to World Health Organization guideline on suicide reporting by media in Taiwan: A surveillance study from 2010 to 2018

Author

Chia-Yi Wu, Ming-Been Lee, Shih-Cheng Liao, Chia-Ta Chan, and Chun-Ying Chen

Subjects
Newspaper, Online media, Responsible reporting, Suicide prevention, WHO suicide Reporting guideline, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background/Purpose: Significant associations between suicide behaviors and inappropriate suicide reports in the media have been reported. The study aimed to examine the quality of long-term suicide reports under surveillance by the Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center (TSPC). Methods: The TSPC conducted daily surveillance with timely feedback and interactive approaches with the media professionals. To examine the reporting trends under the surveillance, daily adherence to the 12-item World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines was analyzed for print media published between 2010 and 2018, and for online media in 2017 and 2018. The trend analysis using the Cochran-Armitage test was performed to estimate the significance of adherence changes. Results: In total, 5529 print reports and 16,445 person-event items from online media were reviewed. The number of suicide reports in print newspapers markedly decreased while it increased for online media. Surveillance of print media showed statistical significance of the improvement of reporting adherence to all guideline items except one item (“Do not publish photo or suicide notes”). Adherence rates were high (∼90%) for 6 of the 12 items over the study duration. Marked improvement was observed in three items: reporting details, giving simplistic reasons, and providing helpline resources. However, both “Highlight the alternatives to suicide” and “Work closely with health authorities to present the facts” items had the lowest adherence. Online media had similar findings and adherence profile as the print media. Conclusion: The quality of suicide reports significantly improved in most WHO guideline items. Development of psychiatric-media liaisons may be beneficial for further improvement.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Psychological distress of suicide attempters predicts one-year suicidal deaths during 2007–2016: A population-based study

Author

Chia-Yi Wu, Ming-Been Lee, Shih-Cheng Liao, Chia-Ta Chan, Li-yu Daisy Liu, and Chun-Yin Chen

Subjects
Population-based study, Psychological distress, Suicide attempt, Suicide death, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background/Purpose: Of the risk factors for suicide, prior attempt is regarded as one of the strongest for subsequent attempts or completed suicide. This large-scale cohort study aims to examine whether the distress level of individual mental symptoms and general psychopathology measured at the index attempt can predict subsequent suicide death within one year. Methods: The participants were 104,441 suicide attempters first reported to the Taiwan National Suicide Surveillance System during 2007–2016, who completed the five-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5) at the index attempt. Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis with log-rank test and Cox regression model were used to examine whether the level of psychological distress could predict the cumulative incidence of re-attempted suicidal death in the following year. Results: In total, 1254 (1.2%) participants subsequently killed themselves within one year. Survival curves analysis and Cox regression modelling indicated that levels of distress of individual items (i.e., suicide ideation, depression, inferiority, anxiety, hostility and insomnia) and total BSRS-5 scores were significantly correlated with the incidence of subsequent suicidal death within one year for both genders. Conclusion: The study revealed that self-rated psychological distress was a significant and sustained predictor of re-attempted suicide death within one year after the index attempt. These results imply that suicide is not only an issue of acute crisis, but also a prolonged problem of lasting psychological distress. The BSRS-5 assessment could provide a symptom profile on which to develop a pertinent person-centered approach to prevent subsequent suicide attempts.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Development and validation of the 9-item Concise Mental Health Checklist (CMHC-9) for suicide risk assessment

Author

Chia-Yi Wu, Ming-Been Lee, Yi-Yin Lin, and Shih-Cheng Liao

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background/Purpose: Early detection of suicide risk is a challenge in suicide prevention. A comprehensive yet efficient tool providing timely identification of key risk factors allows healthcare providers to initiate interventions. The study aims to validate the 9-item Concise Mental Health Checklist (CMHC-9). Methods: A series of cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 3982 participants from psychiatric outpatient (n = 931), medical outpatient (n = 931) and community (n = 2120) populations. The factor analysis with internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's α) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed to evaluate the scale's reliability and validity. Results: The internal consistency of the CMHC-9 was satisfactory based on Cronbach's α values for the total sample (α = 0.79) and the three sub-samples (i.e., α = 0.76 for psychiatric subjects; 0.67 for community subjects; and 0.69 for medical outpatient subjects). Hierarchical exploratory factor analysis revealed that the CMHC-9 was a single-dimensional scale with two-factor structure of psychopathology and suicidality. The two-factor solution was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The optimal cut-off of 3/4 obtained from the ROC analysis represented a satisfactory sensitivity (92%) and specificity (82%) in identifying recent suicide ideation. Conclusion: This large-scale study confirmed the CMHC-9 as a brief and effective tool for suicide risk detection. It is recommended that CMHC-9 can be used for care engagement and risk identification in both medical and community settings among people at risk for suicide. Keywords: Mental health, Psychometric evaluation, Suicidal ideation, Suicide prevention

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Functioning and quality of life in patients with somatic symptom disorder: The association with comorbid depression

Author

Shih-Cheng Liao, Huei-Mei Ma, Yi-Ling Lin, and Wei-Lieh Huang

Subjects
Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Objectives: Patients with somatic symptoms often have impaired functioning and reduced quality of life (QOL), but the factors identified as responsible for these impairments vary between studies. We examined functioning and QOL in patients with somatic symptom disorder (SSD), exploring their associations with demographic factors, personality traits and psychological features. Methods: The sample comprised 107 SSD patients and 100 healthy controls. Several types of self-report instrument were administered. Group differences were assessed with independent t-tests. We used multiple linear regression to examine relationships between the independent variables and functioning and QOL. Finally, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) to perform path analysis and examine the fit of a model based on the earlier results. Results: Most function scores were lower in SSD patients than in healthy controls. In SSD patients overall WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) score was correlated with exercise level and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) score. There were also associations between Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) score and age, novelty seeking, Cognitions About Body and Health Questionnaire (CABAH) score and BDI-II score. Family APGAR score was only related to BDI-II score. Path analysis revealed that BDI-II score was related to all three indices of functioning. Conclusions: Depression is associated with functioning and QOL in SSD patients. Trial registration information: The Research Ethics Committee of National Taiwan University National Taiwan University Hospital approved this study (approval number: 201507007RINB).

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Targeted treatment of primary aldosteronism – The consensus of Taiwan Society of Aldosteronism

Author

Kuo-How Huang, Chih-Chin Yu, Ya-Hui Hu, Chin-Chen Chang, Chieh-Kai Chan, Shih-Cheng Liao, Yao-Chou Tsai, Shih-Chieh Jeff Chueh, Vin-Cent Wu, Yen-Hung Lin, Jui-Hsiang Lin, Wei-Jie Wang, Che-Hsiung Wu, Leay Kiaw Er, Chia-Hui Chang, Ya-Li Chang, Yi-Luwn Ho, Hung-Wei Chang, Lian-Yu Lin, Fu-Chang Hu, Kao-Lang Liu, Shuo-Meng Wang, Ching-Chu Lu, Ruoh-Fang Yen, and Kwan-Dun Wu

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background/Purpose: Even with the increasing recognition of primary aldosteronism (PA) as a cause of refractory hypertension and an issue of public health, the consensus of its optimal surgical or medical treatment in Taiwan has not been reached. Our objective was to develop a clinical practice guideline that is feasible for real-world management of PA patients in Taiwan. Methods: The Taiwan Society of Aldosteronism (TSA) Task Force recognized the above-mentioned issues and reached this Taiwan PA consensus at its inaugural meeting, in order to provide updated information of internationally acceptable standards, and also to incorporate our local disease characteristics and constraints into PA management. Results: In patients with lateralized PA, including aldosterone producing adenoma (APA), laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the ‘gold standard’ of treatment. Mini-laparoscopic and laparoendoscopic single-site approaches are feasible only in highly experienced surgeons. Patients with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia or those not suitable for surgery should be treated by mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. The outcome data of PA patient management from the literature, especially from PA patients in Taiwan, are reviewed. Mental health screening is helpful in early detection and management of psychopathology among PA patients. Conclusion: We hope this consensus will provide a guideline to help medical professionals to manage PA patients in Taiwan to achieve a better quality of care. Keywords: Primary aldosteronism, Guideline, TAIPAI

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. A nationwide survey of the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of internet addictive disorders in Taiwan

Author

Chia-Yi Wu, Ming-Been Lee, Shih-Cheng Liao, and Chih-Hung Ko

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background and purpose: The American Psychiatric Association has published the diagnostic criteria of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in the 5th Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) for further studies to clarify IGD and related concepts of internet addiction. The study aims to investigate the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of internet addictive disorder (IAD) in the general population using the framework of IGD criteria. Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted using a computer-assisted telephone interview of residents aged 15 and older selected by a stratified proportional randomizing method. The questionnaire comprised socio-demographic information, 9-items IAD (IAD-9) for identification of IGD and non-gaming IAD, the 5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale, and questions about internet use and suicidal ideation. Results: Among 2147 respondents (50.4% females), the one-year prevalence of IAD was 1.9% (1.2% for IGD and 0.7% for non-gaming IAD). People with IAD were characterized as: younger, unemployed or students, under recent psychological distress, with recent and lifetime suicidal ideation, and engaging in regular multiple online activities including gaming, shopping or video-watching. Logistic regression revealed that age and psychopathology including insomnia, depression and inferiority were significant predictors of IAD. High prevalence of psychiatric morbidity (27.5%) and lifetime suicidal ideation (34.2%) accompanied with very low psychiatric treatment rate were also identified. Conclusion: Age and psychopathology were identified as major determinants of IAD. The IGD criteria in DMS-5 is applicable to identify the internet addictive problems that enhances early engagement for high-risk populations across the ages. Keywords: Internet gaming disorder, DSM-5, Internet addiction, Psychopathology, Brief symptom rating scale

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Association of visceral adiposity and clinical outcome among patients with aldosterone producing adenoma

Author

Leay Kiaw Er, Meng-Chun Lin, Yao-Chou Tsai, Jong-Kai Hsiao, Chung-Yi Yang, Chin-Chen Chang, Kang-Yung Peng, Jeff S Chueh, Tai-Shuan Lai, Shao-Yu Yang, Kao-Lang Liu, Bo-Chiag Lee, Shuo-Meng Wang, Kuo-How Huang, Po-Chih Lin, Lian-Yu Lin, Shih-Cheng Liao, Ruoh-Fang Yen, Ching-Chu Lu, Chieh-Kai Chan, Leay-Kiaw Er, Ya-Hui Hu, Chia-Hui Chang, Che-Hsiung Wu, Shih-Chieh Jeff Chueh, Chen-Hsun Ho, Wei-Chieh Huang, and Ying-Ying Chen

Subjects
Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract

Introduction Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common form of secondary hypertension that has significant cardiovascular events and increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and diabetics. Although plasma aldosterone concentration is positively correlated with visceral fat area (VFA) in non-PA individuals, the role of visceral adiposity associated with clinical success after surgery is not known.Research design and methods We analyzed patients who underwent adrenalectomy for aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) at the Taiwan PA Investigator group. VFA was calculated from the abdominal CT scan at APA diagnosis, and all patients received adrenalectomy.Results The study involved 100 consecutive patients with APA (42 males; mean age 49.3 years) matched with 41 essential hypertension (EH) patients. Patients with APA had smaller VFA (p=0.010) than their EH counterparts. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the duration of hypertension (p=0.007), but not plasma aldosterone, was negatively correlated with VFA in patients with APA. Logistic regression analysis showed that log VFA (OR=0.065, p

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Resting-State EEG Signal for Major Depressive Disorder Detection: A Systematic Validation on a Large and Diverse Dataset

Author

Chien-Te Wu, Hao-Chuan Huang, Shiuan Huang, I-Ming Chen, Shih-Cheng Liao, Chih-Ken Chen, Chemin Lin, Shwu-Hua Lee, Mu-Hong Chen, Chia-Fen Tsai, Chang-Hsin Weng, Li-Wei Ko, Tzyy-Ping Jung, and Yi-Hung Liu

Subjects
electroencephalographic (EEG) signal, healthcare, major depressive disorder (MDD), machine learning, support vector machine, feature selection, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65
Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global healthcare issue and one of the leading causes of disability. Machine learning combined with non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) has recently been shown to have the potential to diagnose MDD. However, most of these studies analyzed small samples of participants recruited from a single source, raising serious concerns about the generalizability of these results in clinical practice. Thus, it has become critical to re-evaluate the efficacy of various common EEG features for MDD detection across large and diverse datasets. To address this issue, we collected resting-state EEG data from 400 participants across four medical centers and tested classification performance of four common EEG features: band power (BP), coherence, Higuchi’s fractal dimension, and Katz’s fractal dimension. Then, a sequential backward selection (SBS) method was used to determine the optimal subset. To overcome the large data variability due to an increased data size and multi-site EEG recordings, we introduced the conformal kernel (CK) transformation to further improve the MDD as compared with the healthy control (HC) classification performance of support vector machine (SVM). The results show that (1) coherence features account for 98% of the optimal feature subset; (2) the CK-SVM outperforms other classifiers such as K-nearest neighbors (K-NN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and SVM; (3) the combination of the optimal feature subset and CK-SVM achieves a high five-fold cross-validation accuracy of 91.07% on the training set (140 MDD and 140 HC) and 84.16% on the independent test set (60 MDD and 60 HC). The current results suggest that the coherence-based connectivity is a more reliable feature for achieving high and generalizable MDD detection performance in real-life clinical practice.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Case detection and diagnosis of primary aldosteronism â The consensus of Taiwan Society of Aldosteronism

Author

Vin-Cent Wu, Ya-Hui Hu, Leay Kiaw Er, Ruoh-Fang Yen, Chia-Hui Chang, Ya-Li Chang, Ching-Chu Lu, Chin-Chen Chang, Jui-Hsiang Lin, Yen-Hung Lin, Tzung-Dau Wang, Chih-Yuan Wang, Shih Te Tu, Shih-Chieh Jeff Chueh, Ching-Chung Chang, Fen-Yu Tseng, Kwan-Dun Wu, Wei-Jie Wang, Che-Hsiung Wu, Yi-Luwn Ho, Hung-Wei Chang, Lian-Yu Lin, Fu-Chang Hu, Kao-Lang Liu, Shuo-Meng Wang, Kuo-How Huang, and Shih-Cheng Liao

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background/Purpose: Even though the increasing clinical recognition of primary aldosteronism (PA) as a public health issue, its heightened risk profiles and the availability of targeted surgical/medical treatment being more understood, consensus in its diagnosis and management based on medical evidence, while recognizing the constraints of our real-world clinical practice in Taiwan, has not been reached. Methods: The Taiwan Society of Aldosteronism (TSA) Task Force acknowledges the above-mentioned issues and reached this Taiwan PA consensus at its inaugural meeting, in order to provide updated information of internationally acceptable standards, and also to incorporate our local disease characteristics into the management of PA. Results: When there is suspicion of PA, a plasma aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR) should be obtained initially. Patients with abnormal ARR will undergo confirmatory laboratory and image tests. Subtype classification with adrenal venous sampling (AVS) or NP-59 nuclear imaging, if AVS not available, to lateralize PA is recommended when patients are considered for adrenalectomy. The strengths and weaknesses of the currently available identification methods are discussed, focusing especially on result interpretation. Conclusion: With this consensus we hope to raise more awareness of PA among medical professionals and hypertensive patients in Taiwan, and to facilitate reconciliation of better detection, identification and treatment of patients with PA. Index words: Primary aldosteronism, Guideline, TAIPAI, TSA

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. The relation between the patient health questionnaire-15 and DSM somatic diagnoses

Author

Shih-Cheng Liao, Wei-Lieh Huang, Huei-Mei Ma, Min-Tzu Lee, Tzu-Ting Chen, I-Ming Chen, and Susan Shur-Fen Gau

Subjects
Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Somatoform disorders, Somatic symptom and related disorders, Somatic symptom disorder, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Abstract Background Our purpose was to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) in Taiwan, and to explore its relation to somatoform disorders (DSM-IV) and to somatic symptom and related disorders (DSM-5). Methods We recruited 471 individuals, 151 with somatoform disorders and 200 with somatic symptom and related disorders. Subjects completed the Chinese version of the PHQ-15, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and received a DSM-IV- and DSM-5-based diagnostic interview. We performed exploratory factor analysis and assessed test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and correlation with BDI-II/BAI to confirm reliability and validity, and carried out ROC curve analysis to determine suitability for evaluation or screening purposes. PHQ-15 scores were compared between patients with various DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses (such as DSM-IV somatoform disorders, panic disorder, other anxiety/depressive disorders) or no DSM-IV diagnosis and patients with DSM-5 somatic symptom and related disorders or no DSM-5 diagnosis. Results The Chinese version identified cardiopulmonary, pain-fatigue, and gastrointestinal as major factors and had good reliability (0.803–0.930), internal consistency (0.637–0.861), and correlation coefficients with BDI-II/BAI (0.407–0.619, 0.536–0.721, respectively). The PHQ-15 scores were similar in patients with somatoform disorders and patients with panic disorder; higher in patients with somatoform disorders and panic disorder than in patients with other anxiety/depressive disorders; and significantly higher in patients with somatic symptom and related disorders than in patients without this diagnosis. The AUC of the PHQ-15 was 0.678 (cutoff 6/7) for screening somatoform disorders (DSM-IV) and 0.725 (cutoff 4/5) for screening somatic symptom and related disorders (DSM-5). Conclusions The Chinese version of the PHQ-15 is suitable for evaluating somatic symptom and related disorders. The preponderance of somatic symptom disorder in our sample, lack of evaluation of functional disorders, and recruitment solely from psychiatric clinics are possible limitations.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Predictive validity of a five-item symptom checklist to screen psychiatric morbidity and suicide ideation in general population and psychiatric settings

Author

Chia-Yi Wu, Jia-In Lee, Ming-Been Lee, Shih-Cheng Liao, Chia-Ming Chang, Hsi-Chung Chen, and For-Wey Lung

Subjects
psychological distress, psychiatric morbidity, self-rating scale, suicide ideation, suicide risk screening, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Suicide is a major concern in public health worldwide. Early identification of individuals at risk is critical for suicide prevention. The present study revised the 5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5) to a checklist format (BSRS-5R) and validated the BSRS-5R into a screening tool for psychiatric morbidity and suicide ideation in the general public. Methods: The study participants consisted of two subsets of sample from community residents and psychiatric patients. The community subjects were recruited from stratified proportional randomization sampling in a nationwide community survey, while the psychiatric patients were from psychiatric outpatient service and psychiatric daycare unit in a teaching hospital in northern Taiwan. All participants responded to the questionnaire investigating the BSRS-5, personal experience with suicide, and demographic information. Results: In total, 2147 community respondents and 700 respondents from psychiatric settings completed the survey questions. The BSRS-5R was highly correlated to BSRS-5 with good internal consistency in our study sample. For the community subjects, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an optimal cutoff of 2/3 for BSRS-5R to discriminate psychiatric morbidity or suicide ideation. The BSRS-5R could also identify psychiatric morbidity in psychiatric outpatients and daycare patients. In addition, the cutoff of 4/5 for BSRS-5R to determine suicide ideation yielded moderately good predictive validity in psychiatric outpatients and in daycare patients. Conclusion: The BSRS-5R was validated as an efficient checklist to screen for psychiatric morbidity and suicide ideation in the general public. The result is valuable in translating into general medical and community settings for early detection of suicide ideation.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Risk factors of suicide mortality among multiple attempters: A national registry study in Taiwan

Author

I-Ming Chen, Shih-Cheng Liao, Ming-Been Lee, Chia-Yi Wu, Po-Hsien Lin, and Wei J. Chen

Subjects
case registry, multiple attempters, population-based study, risk factor, suicide method, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Little is known about the risk factors of suicide mortality among multiple attempters. This study aims to investigate the predictors of suicidal mortality in a prospective cohort of attempters in Taiwan, focusing on the time interval and suicide method change between the last two nonfatal attempts. Methods: The representative data retrieved from the National Suicide Surveillance System (NSSS) was linked with National Mortality Database to identify the causes of death in multiple attempters during 2006–2008. Cox-proportional hazard models were applied to calculate the hazard ratios for the predictors of suicide. Results: Among the 55,560 attempters, 6485 (11.7%) had survived attempts ranging from one to 11 times; 861 (1.5%) eventually died by suicide. Multiple attempters were characterized by female (OR = 1.56, p

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Switch Function and Pathological Dissociation in Acute Psychiatric Inpatients.

Author

Chui-De Chiu, Mei-Chih Meg Tseng, Yi-Ling Chien, Shih-Cheng Liao, Chih-Min Liu, Yei-Yu Yeh, and Hai-Gwo Hwu

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Swift switching, along with atypical ability on updating and inhibition, has been found in non-clinical dissociators. However, whether swift switching is a cognitive endophenotype that intertwines with traumatisation and pathological dissociation remains unknown. Unspecified acute psychiatric patients were recruited to verify a hypothesis that pathological dissociation is associated with swift switching and traumatisation may explain this relationship. Behavioural measures of intellectual function and three executive functions including updating, switching and inhibition were administered, together with standardised scales to evaluate pathological dissociation and traumatisation. Our results showed superior control ability on switching and updating in inpatients who displayed more symptoms of pathological dissociation. When all three executive functions were entered as predictors, in addition to intellectual quotient and demographic variables to regress upon pathological dissociation, switching rather than updating remained the significant predictor. Importantly, the relationship between pathological dissociation and switching became non-significant when the effect of childhood trauma were controlled. The results support a trauma-related switching hypothesis which postulates swift switching as a cognitive endophenotype of pathological dissociation; traumatisation in childhood may explain the importance of swift switching.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation and Associated Risk Factors in the General Population

Author

Jia-In Lee, Ming-Been Lee, Shih-Cheng Liao, Chia-Ming Chang, Suz-Chieh Sung, Hung-Chi Chiang, and Chuan-Wan Tai

Subjects
psychopathology, risk factors, self-rating scale, suicidal ideation, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Suicide is an important public health problem and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The present study investigated the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) and its associated risk factors in the general population. Methods: A nationwide community survey was conducted using a computer-aided telephone interview system with residents aged ≥ 15 years, who were selected by a stratified, proportional randomization method. The questionnaire comprised demographic variables, five items of psychopathology selected from the Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5) and questions about personal experience with suicide. In total, 2054 respondents, 1002 male (48.8%), and 1052 female (51.2%), completed the survey. Results: The weighted prevalence of SI was 2.84% in the past week, 5.50% in the past year, and 18.49% during a lifetime. Significant risk factors for SI in the last week included presence of SI over the past year [odds ratio (OR) =1763.6], SI during the lifetime (OR =267.6), psychiatric morbidity (OR = 30.3), depression (OR =26.1), inferiority (OR =11.2), hostility (OR = 10.9), anxiety (OR = 10.5), insomnia (OR =6.7), history of seeking help for psychological distress (OR = 7.9), divorce (OR =6.4), unemployment (OR = 5.0) and having suicidal behavior in relatives or friends (OR =3.8). Stepwise multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the five symptom items of BSRS-5 and unemployment significantly predicted 25.3% of the variance of SI. Using the BSRS-5 score 3 or 4 as a cut-off to predict SI, the rate of accurate classification was 85.88%, with sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of 0.86. Conclusion: A telephone interview survey containing the BSRS-5 items is an efficient way to identify determinants of SI in the general population.

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Relationship Between Mental Health and Job Satisfaction Among Employees in a Medical Center Department of Laboratory Medicine

Author

Mo Siu-Mei Lee, Ming-Been Lee, Shih-Cheng Liao, and Fu-Tien Chiang

Subjects
employees, job satisfaction, mental health, psychological distress, workplace, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Mental disorders associated with insomnia, depression and anxiety are common in the community and the workplace. Many studies have found a close link between mental health and job satisfaction. The present study investigated the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and level of job satisfaction, as well as the relationship between psychological distress and job satisfaction and associated factors, among nonphysician employees of a laboratory medicine department at a university medical center. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive and correlational study design was used. The employees were recruited and asked to complete a set of questionnaires, including a five-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5) and a 40-item Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (JSQ-40). A total of 38 (26.21%) males and 107 (73.79%) females with a mean age of 40.80 ± 7.3 years completed the entire set of questionnaires. Results: The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity defined by the BSRS-5 was 34.33%, with insomnia ranking the highest (28.36%), followed by depression (25.37%), hostility (24.63%), anxiety (23.13%), and inferiority (20.15%). Job satisfaction global assessment scores on a scale of 0 to 100 indicated that most respondents were satisfied with their jobs. In general, subjects with more severe psychological distress reported lower levels of job satisfaction on five dimensions measured by the JSQ-40. Factors related to organizational communication were especially important in overall job satisfaction and severity of psychological distress. Conclusion: The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in the workplace is high. The severity of psychological distress is negatively associated with job satisfaction. Early detection of psychiatric morbidity through self-administered screening questionnaires, as well as implementation of organizational mental-health promotion programs, is recommended to improve employees' mental health and job satisfaction.

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms as a Manifestation of Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Author

Chuan-Hsun Yu, Ming-Been Lee, Meg Mei-Chih Tseng, and Shih-Cheng Liao

Subjects
neuropsychiatric syndrome, obsessive-compulsive symptom, systemic lupus erythematosus, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Neuropsychiatric syndrome is a common and serious clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), occurring in about half of all patients during the course of the disease. We report here a case of obsessive-compulsive symptoms as an unusual manifestation of neuropsychiatric SLE. A 17-year-old girl with SLE was admitted to a medical center with the chief complaint of recent-onset repeated doubt and repetitive checking, which subsided after treatment. She had recurrent and intrusive doubt about losing her belongings and tried to suppress the thoughts by mental acts of praying and repetitive checking. The central nervous system lupus involvement in this patient was confirmed by brain magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed widespread areas of abnormal high signal intensity over the internal capsules and basal ganglia, and focal lesions at the peripheral parenchyma of the frontal and parietal areas. Single photon emission computed tomography also showed decreased perfusion at the left temporal lobe. This supported the hypothesis that basal ganglia abnormalities could be the common pathophysiology of coexisting obsessive-compulsive symptoms and SLE. Moreover, increased awareness of hidden psychopathology, an accepting attitude, and careful probing for obsessive-compulsive symptoms are important while taking care of SLE patients.

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Predictors of Treatment Response and Length of Stay for Inpatients with Major Depression

Author

I-Chih Cheng, Shih-Cheng Liao, Ming-Been Lee, and Meg Mei-Chih Tseng

Subjects
hospitalization, length of stay, major depression, treatment response, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Depressive illness is highly recurrent, frequently chronic and associated with a high level of functional disability. Studies have shown that depression combined with anxiety is the most common reason for admission worldwide. This study aimed to examine the variables associated with treatment response or length of stay (LOS) among a group of inpatients with major depression. Methods: The attending psychiatrist rated severity of depression (using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, HAM-D) of the patients (n = 67), and the patients were asked to complete several self-rating scales (including the Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) on admission. Three days before discharge, these assessments were repeated. Logistic regression models were used to examine the variables of remission status (defined by the HAM-D or the BDI) and LOS (dichotomized by a median of 25 days), respectively. Results: The remission rates of depression at discharge defined by the HAM-D (≤ 7) and the BDI (≤ 8) were 40% and 16%, respectively. Lower socioeconomic status and less clinical severity at admission were associated with clinicians' objective assessment of remission, while suicide attempt during this index episode was associated with patients' subjective remission. LOS of depressive inpatients was neither related to baseline severity nor to remission status at discharge. Patients with positive family history and more frequent hospitalization were associated with a hospital stay of longer than 25 days. Conclusion: There was no evidence to show that patients with a long hospital stay would gain treatment benefits over patients with short stay. This study provides evidence to support that a structured inpatient treatment plan might gain some economic benefits without compromising treatment efficacy. The admission of hospitalization repeaters should be managed optimally based on the considerations of treatment efficacy and its impact on longer hospital stay.

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Risk Factors of Internet Addiction among Internet Users: An Online Questionnaire Survey.

Author

Chia-Yi Wu, Ming-Been Lee, Shih-Cheng Liao, and Li-Ren Chang

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Internet addiction (IA) has become a major public health issue worldwide and is closely linked to psychiatric disorders and suicide. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of IA and its associated psychosocial and psychopathological determinants among internet users across different age groups.The study was a cross-sectional survey initiated by the Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center. The participants were recruited from the general public who responded to the online questionnaire. They completed a series of self-reported measures, including Chen Internet Addiction Scale-revised (CIAS-R), Five-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5), Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI), and questions about suicide and internet use habits.We enrolled 1100 respondents with a preponderance of female subjects (85.8%). Based on an optimal cutoff for CIAS-R (67/68), the prevalence rate of IA was 10.6%. People with higher scores of CIAS-R were characterized as: male, single, students, high neuroticism, life impairment due to internet use, time for internet use, online gaming, presence of psychiatric morbidity, recent suicide ideation and past suicide attempts. Multiple regression on IA showed that age, gender, neuroticism, life impairment, internet use time, and BSRS-5 score accounted for 31% of variance for CIAS-R score. Further, logistic regression showed that neuroticism, life impairment and internet use time were three main predictors for IA. Compared to those without IA, the internet addicts had higher rates of psychiatric morbidity (65.0%), suicide ideation in a week (47.0%), lifetime suicide attempts (23.1%), and suicide attempt in a year (5.1%).Neurotic personality traits, psychopathology, time for internet use and its subsequent life impairment were important predictors for IA. Individuals with IA may have higher rates of psychiatric morbidity and suicide risks. The findings provide important information for further investigation and prevention of IA.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. Major Depression Detection from EEG Signals Using Kernel Eigen-Filter-Bank Common Spatial Patterns

Author

Shih-Cheng Liao, Chien-Te Wu, Hao-Chuan Huang, Wei-Teng Cheng, and Yi-Hung Liu

Subjects
major depressive disorder, electroencephalography (EEG), brain-computer interface (BCI), common spatial pattern (CSP), machine learning, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has become a leading contributor to the global burden of disease; however, there are currently no reliable biological markers or physiological measurements for efficiently and effectively dissecting the heterogeneity of MDD. Here we propose a novel method based on scalp electroencephalography (EEG) signals and a robust spectral-spatial EEG feature extractor called kernel eigen-filter-bank common spatial pattern (KEFB-CSP). The KEFB-CSP first filters the multi-channel raw EEG signals into a set of frequency sub-bands covering the range from theta to gamma bands, then spatially transforms the EEG signals of each sub-band from the original sensor space to a new space where the new signals (i.e., CSPs) are optimal for the classification between MDD and healthy controls, and finally applies the kernel principal component analysis (kernel PCA) to transform the vector containing the CSPs from all frequency sub-bands to a lower-dimensional feature vector called KEFB-CSP. Twelve patients with MDD and twelve healthy controls participated in this study, and from each participant we collected 54 resting-state EEGs of 6 s length (5 min and 24 s in total). Our results show that the proposed KEFB-CSP outperforms other EEG features including the powers of EEG frequency bands, and fractal dimension, which had been widely applied in previous EEG-based depression detection studies. The results also reveal that the 8 electrodes from the temporal areas gave higher accuracies than other scalp areas. The KEFB-CSP was able to achieve an average EEG classification accuracy of 81.23% in single-trial analysis when only the 8-electrode EEGs of the temporal area and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier were used. We also designed a voting-based leave-one-participant-out procedure to test the participant-independent individual classification accuracy. The voting-based results show that the mean classification accuracy of about 80% can be achieved by the KEFP-CSP feature and the SVM classifier with only several trials, and this level of accuracy seems to become stable as more trials (i.e.,

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Use of machine learning to diagnose somatic symptom disorder: Are the biomarkers beneficial for the diagnosis?

Author

Chi-Shin Wu, Shih-Cheng Liao, and Wei-Lieh Huang

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, Biological Psychiatry
Abstract

We used machine learning to incorporate three types of biomarkers (respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA; skin conductance, SC; finger temperature, FT) for examining the performance of diagnosing somatic symptom disorder (SSD).We recruited 97 SSD subjects and 96 controls without psychiatric history or somatic distress. The values of RSA, SC and FT were recorded in three situations (resting state, under a cognitive task and under paced breathing) and compared for the two populations. We used machine learning to combine the biological signals and then applied receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to examine the performance of diagnosing SSD regarding the distinct indicators and situations. Subgroup analysis for subjects without depression/anxiety was also conducted.FT was significantly different between SSD patients and controls, especially in the resting state and under paced breathing. However, the biomarkers (0.75-0.76) did not reveal an area under the curve (AUC) comparable with the psychological questionnaires (0.86). Combining the biological and psychological indicators gave a high AUC (0.86-0.92). When excluding individuals with depression/anxiety, combining three biomarkers (0.79-0.83) and adopting psychological questionnaires (0.78) revealed a similar AUC.The performance of RSA/SC/FT was unsatisfactory for diagnosing SSD but became comparable when excluding comorbid depression/anxiety.

Published
2022

35. Treatment patterns and healthcare utilization of patients with treatment-resistant depression estimated using health insurance database: A population-based study from Taiwan

Author

Wei-Lieh, Huang, Chih-Lin, Chiang, Chi-Shin, Wu, Shih-Cheng, Liao, Tzu-Hsiang, Chien, Chiung-Hui, Tseng, and Chao-Hsiun, Tang

Subjects
Male, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Insurance, Health, Depression, Taiwan, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Antidepressive Agents, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Determining the proportion of patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) among patients with unipolar depression receiving adequate pharmacological treatment (pharmaceutically treated depression [PTD]) is clinically important and may affect health care utilization. In Taiwan, these issues can be assessed by analyzing population-based data.The present study included data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2010 to 2017. Among patients with depression, PTD was defined by the receipt of at least one adequate antidepressant treatment, and TRD was defined as receiving a third adequate antidepressant treatment after failure to respond to two prior treatments. Time of progression from PTD to TRD was estimated via the Kaplan-Meier function. A propensity-matched case-comparison cohort approach was used to compare resource utilization between patients with non-TRD PTD and TRD.TRD was defined in 11.2 % of patients with unipolar depression and 37.1 % of PTD patients. The time of progression from PTD to TRD was approximately 1 year. Most TRD patients were women, middle-aged, and treated in general practice clinics. Antidepressant monotherapy, followed by antidepressant with augmentation, was the most common treatment strategy applied to TRD patients. Medical utilization was significantly higher in patients with TRD than those with non-TRD PTD across most aspects.TRD was defined based on pharmacological treatment patterns, as the reasons for changes in antidepressant regimens were not available.Approximately one-third of patients with PTD developed TRD, often soon after receiving adequate pharmacological treatment. Patients with TRD used more medical resources than patients with non-TRD PTD.

Published
2022

36. Population-attributable risk of psychiatric disorders for suicide among adolescents and young adults in Taiwan

Author

Yi-An Hung, Shih-Cheng Liao, Chia-Ming Chang, Shu-Sen Chang, Albert C. Yang, Yi-Ling Chien, Chi-Shin Wu, and Susan Shur-Fen Gau

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, Applied Psychology
Abstract

Background Youth suicide rates have increased markedly in some countries. This study aimed to estimate the population-attributable risk of psychiatric disorders associated with suicide among Taiwanese youth aged 10–24 years. Methods Data were obtained from the National Death Registry and National Health Insurance (NHI) claims database between 2007 and 2019. Youth who died by suicide were included, and comparisons, 1:10 matched by age and sex, were randomly selected from the Registry for NHI beneficiaries. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate suicide odds ratios for psychiatric disorders. The population-attributable fractions (PAF) were calculated for each psychiatric disorder. Results A total of 2345 youth suicide and 23 450 comparisons were included. Overall, 44.8% of suicides had a psychiatric disorder, while only 7.9% of the comparisons had a psychiatric disorder. The combined PAF for all psychiatric disorders was 55.9%. The top three psychiatric conditions of the largest PAFs were major depressive disorder, dysthymia, and sleep disorder. In the analysis stratified by sex, the combined PAF was 45.5% for males and 69.2% for females. The PAF among young adults aged 20–24 years (57.0%) was higher than among adolescents aged 10–19 years (48.0%). Conclusions Our findings of high PAF from major depressive disorder, dysthymia, and sleep disorder to youth suicides suggest that youth suicide prevention that focuses on detecting and treating mental illness may usefully target these disorders.

Published
2022

38. Societal factors and psychological distress indicators associated with the recent rise in youth suicide in Taiwan: A time trend analysis

Author

Yi-Han Chang, Chien-Yu Lin, Shih-Cheng Liao, Ying-Yeh Chen, Fortune Fu-Tsung Shaw, Chia-Yueh Hsu, David Gunnell, and Shu-Sen Chang

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, General Medicine
Abstract

Objective: We investigated recent trends in youth suicide and their associations with societal and psychological factors in Taiwan. Methods: Suicide data (1971–2019) for 10–24 year olds were extracted from Taiwan’s national cause-of-death data files. We investigated changes in trends in youth suicide rates, societal factors (gross domestic product per capita, Gini index, overall and youth unemployment rates, divorce rates in people aged 40–59 years [i.e. the age of most 15–24 year olds’ parents] and Internet use rates) and psychological distress indicators (youth self-harm rates and the prevalence of worry-related insomnia, and suicide ideation, plan and attempt) using joinpoint regression and graphic examinations. The associations of these factors with youth suicide rates were examined using Prais–Winsten regression. Results: Suicide rates in Taiwan’s 10–24 year olds changed from a downward trend (2005–2014) to an upward trend in 2014 and increased 11.5% (95% confidence interval = [5.2%, 18.1%]) annually between 2014 and 2019. There was also an upturn in divorce rates among females aged 40–59 years in 2014 and self-harm rates among 15- to 24-year-old youth in 2013. The prevalence of self-reported insomnia and suicide ideation, plan and attempt in youth started to increase from 2013 to 2016. In the regression analysis, Internet use, female divorce rates and youth self-harm rates were positively associated with youth suicide rates. Conclusion: Suicide rates and the prevalence of suicidal behaviors began to increase in Taiwanese youth in the 2010s. These increases may be associated with concurrent rises in parental divorce rates, Internet use and poor sleep. Further research is needed to examine the mechanisms underlying recent increases in youth suicide risk.

Published
2022

39. Occupational and Non-occupational Injuries Can Result in Prolonged Augmentation of Psychiatric Disorders

Author

Shih-Cheng Liao, Yueliang Leon Guo, Shin-Chun Pan, and Wei-Shan Chin

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Medicine (General), National Health Programs, trauma and stress-related disorder, Epidemiology, Occupational injury, Poison control, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Occupational safety and health, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, R5-920, Injury prevention, medicine, Humans, Cumulative incidence, 030212 general & internal medicine, occupational injury, Psychiatry, Depression (differential diagnoses), Occupation, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Mental Disorders, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Occupational Injuries, psychiatric disorders, depression, Anxiety, Original Article, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Background: The long-term effects of occupational injury (OI) on psychiatric diseases are unclear. This study assessed and compared the effects of OI, no injury (control), and non-OI (NOI) on the development of psychiatric diseases. Methods: We used Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database to investigate the incidence of psychiatric disorders in OI, NOI, and control groups. The subjects were aged 20–50 years, actively employed in 2000, and did not have history of injury or psychiatric disorders. All subjects were followed from 2000 and were classified into OI, NOI, and control groups according to occurrence of target injury later on. Individuals in each group were matched by age, sex, insurance premium before the index date, and year of the index date. Psychiatric disease-free days were compared among the groups using survival analysis and Cox regression. Results: We included a total of 12,528 patients for final analysis, with 4,176 in each group. Compared with the control group, the OI group had an increased occurrence of trauma and stress-related disorder, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and alcohol and other substance dependence. These increases were similar to those in the NOI group. Elevated cumulative incidence rate of any psychiatric disorders was observed among those with OI or NOI up to 10 years after injury. Conclusion: We confirmed that OI and NOI induced psychiatric disorders. These findings highlight the need for workers’ compensation mechanisms to consider long-term psychological care among injured workers.

Published
2022

40. Premenstrual dysphoric symptoms and lifetime suicide experiences in patients with mood disorder

Author

Ming-Chyi Huang, Chih-Chiang Chiu, Wen-Yin Chen, Po-Hsiu Kuo, Jen-Hui Chan, Hsi-Chung Chen, Shih-Cheng Liao, I-Ming Chen, Chen Lo, and Cheng-Dien Hsu

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Bipolar Disorder, Suicide, Attempted, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Psychiatric hospital, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, Psychiatry, Depressive Disorder, Major, Univariate analysis, Mood Disorders, business.industry, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Mood, Mood disorders, Risk indicator, Schizophrenia, Major depressive disorder, Female, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, business
Abstract

Background Premenstrual dysphoric symptoms (PMDS) commonly co-occurred with mood disorders and correlated with suicide experiences in women. This study aims to examine the associations between PMDS and lifetime suicide experiences in patients with mood disorders. Methods Participants were recruited from outpatient settings of two medical centers and one psychiatric hospital in Taiwan. Women aged 18–65 in non-acute state of major depressive disorder or bipolar affective disorder were recruited. PMDS and lifetime suicide experiences were defined by the Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia-Lifetime. Lifetime suicide experiences were defined as no suicide experience, suicide plans only and suicide attempts. Results A total of 383 women participated in this study (54.8% of them were diagnosed with major depressive disorder), and 13.8% were diagnosed with PMDS. The prevalence of patients with lifetime suicide plans only and lifetime suicide attempts were 15.9% and 39.7%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, PMDS was correlated with lifetime suicide experience. After controlling for covariates, PMDS was a risk indicator for lifetime suicide attempts (OR: 3.46, 95% CI: 1.43–8.38) but not for suicide plans only (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.28–3.11). Conclusions PMDS correlated with lifetime suicide experiences in women with non-acute mood disorders. In particular, PMDS exhibited as an independent correlate for lifetime suicide attempts.

Published
2021

41. Relationship Between Youth Conduct Problems and Adulthood Suicidality: Mediating Effects of Personality on Patients with Mood Disorders

Author

Tsung-Yang Wang, Hsi-Chung Chen, Cheng-Dien Hsu, I-Ming Chen, Shih-Cheng Liao, Chiao-Erh Chang, Ying-Yeh Chen, Jen-Hui Chan, and Po-Hsiu Kuo

Abstract

Background:Identifying the relevant factors for suicidality in individuals with conduct problems is a public health concern, especially if they develop mood disorders. This study investigates the relationship between youth conduct problems and adulthood suicidality, and to further explore the mediating effects of personality on this relationship.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was administered to 308 individuals aged 20-65 years, including psychiatric outpatients with mood disorders and healthy controls. The Composite International Diagnosis Interview was used to evaluate conduct problems in youth and suicidality (i.e., suicide plan and suicide attempt) in the past year. Personality traits were assessed using Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised for extraversion and neuroticism. Multiple-mediator analysis was used to investigate the mediation effects of personality traits on the relationship between conduct problems and suicidality.Results:The average age of enrolled participants was 31.6 years. 39.2% reported suicidality and 43.2% reported conduct problems in youth. Participants who were diagnosed with mood disorders (p < 0.001) and reported having conduct problems (p = 0.004) were associated with high suicidality. Multiple-mediator analysis showed that conduct problems in youth increased the risk of adulthood suicidality through the indirect effects of higher neuroticism (suicide plan: OR = 1.30, BCA 95% CI = 1.04–1.83; suicide attempt: OR = 1.27, BCA 95% CI = 1.05–1.66).Conclusion:The relationship between youth conduct problems and adulthood suicidality exerted minimal direct effect after personality traits were included in the model. The indirect effect of neuroticism might be a pivotal finding for designing proper intervention strategies to reduce the risk of suicide.

Published
2022

42. The association of personality polygenic risk score, psychosocial protective factors and suicide attempt in mood disorder

Author

Mei-Hsin Su, Shih-Cheng Liao, Hsi-Chung Chen, Mong-Liang Lu, Wen-Yin Chen, Po-Chang Hsiao, Chun-Hsin Chen, Ming-Chyi Huang, and Po-Hsiu Kuo

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, Biological Psychiatry
Abstract

Some personality traits, especially neuroticism, has been found to be associated with suicide attempt (SA) in mood disorder patients. The present study explored the association between personality traits and SA using polygenic risk scores (PRS) for personality among patients with mood disorders. We also investigated the effects of a variety of psychosocial variables on SA. Patients with bipolar disorder (BPD, N = 841) and major depressive disorder (MDD, N = 710) were recruited from hospitals in Taiwan. Lifetime SA and information on psychosocial factors was collected. We calculated the PRS of neuroticism and extraversion. A trend test for SA was performed across quartiles of the PRS for neuroticism and extraversion, and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between psychosocial factors and SA, accounting for the PRS of personality traits. The prevalence of SA was higher in MDD than in BPD patients. The risk of SA was elevated in MDD patients with a higher quintile of PRS in neuroticism and a lower quintile of PRS in extraversion. The multiple regression analysis results demonstrated that later age of onset, higher family support and resilience, and lower overall social support were protective factors against SA. From the perspective of suicide prevention efforts, strengthening family support and conducting resilience training for patients with mood disorders may be beneficial interventions in clinical settings.

Published
2022

44. Adherence to World Health Organization guideline on suicide reporting by media in Taiwan: A surveillance study from 2010 to 2018

Author

Ming-Been Lee, Chia-Ta Chan, Chia-Yi Wu, Chun-Ying Chen, and Shih-Cheng Liao

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Taiwan, World Health Organization, Suicide prevention, World health, Digital media, Newspaper, Responsible reporting, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Online media, Humans, Medicine, Quality (business), Mass Media, media_common, lcsh:R5-920, business.industry, WHO suicide Reporting guideline, General Medicine, Guideline, Test (assessment), Trend analysis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Family medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Guideline Adherence, lcsh:Medicine (General), business
Abstract

Background/Purpose Significant associations between suicide behaviors and inappropriate suicide reports in the media have been reported. The study aimed to examine the quality of long-term suicide reports under surveillance by the Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center (TSPC). Methods The TSPC conducted daily surveillance with timely feedback and interactive approaches with the media professionals. To examine the reporting trends under the surveillance, daily adherence to the 12-item World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines was analyzed for print media published between 2010 and 2018, and for online media in 2017 and 2018. The trend analysis using the Cochran-Armitage test was performed to estimate the significance of adherence changes. Results In total, 5529 print reports and 16,445 person-event items from online media were reviewed. The number of suicide reports in print newspapers markedly decreased while it increased for online media. Surveillance of print media showed statistical significance of the improvement of reporting adherence to all guideline items except one item (“Do not publish photo or suicide notes”). Adherence rates were high (∼90%) for 6 of the 12 items over the study duration. Marked improvement was observed in three items: reporting details, giving simplistic reasons, and providing helpline resources. However, both “Highlight the alternatives to suicide” and “Work closely with health authorities to present the facts” items had the lowest adherence. Online media had similar findings and adherence profile as the print media. Conclusion The quality of suicide reports significantly improved in most WHO guideline items. Development of psychiatric-media liaisons may be beneficial for further improvement.

Published
2021

45. Risk for incident suicidality among psoriasis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Wei-Kai Hung, Tao-Hsin Tung, Tzu-Yu Wang, Shih-Cheng Liao, and Ching-Chi Chi

Subjects
Dermatology, General Medicine
Abstract

Previous meta-analyses have produced conflicting conclusions about suicidality risk among psoriasis patients. We aimed to update the evidence on the risk for the whole continuum of incident suicidality in psoriasis patients. We performed an update systematic review and meta-analysis and searched CENTRAL, PubMed, and Embase from January 1, 2017 to August 14, 2021 for relevant new cohort studies and incorporated new studies into our previous systematic review. Random-effects model meta-analysis was used to obtain pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analysis was conducted according to age and disease severity. A total of 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis. We detected no significant differences in the risk for incident completed suicide (HR 1.33, 95% CI 0.91-1.95), suicide attempt (HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.96-1.56), suicidal behavior (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.98-1.19), and suicide ideation (HR 1.74, 95% CI 0.99-3.06) between psoriasis patients and non-psoriatic controls. In the subgroup analysis based on age, an increased risk for incident suicide ideation was observed in pediatric subgroup (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.12-2.03). The updated evidence suggests no increased risk for whole continuum of incident suicidality spectrum in psoriasis patients but an increased risk for incident suicide ideation among pediatric psoriasis patients. Involving mental health professionals may be crucial in psoriasis management especially in young patients.

Published
2022

46. Application of heart rate variability during blood pressure measurement in patients with somatic symptom disorder

Author

Wei-Lieh Huang, Hsing Ouyang, Shih-Cheng Liao, and Horng-Huei Liou

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Emotions, Somatic symptom disorder, Autonomic Nervous System, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Heart Rate, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Heart rate, Humans, Heart rate variability, Medicine, Depressive Disorder, Receiver operating characteristic, business.industry, Blood Pressure Determination, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Anxiety Disorders, Distress, Medically Unexplained Symptoms, Blood pressure, Neurology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cardiology, Anxiety, Female, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Objective This study wants to test whether the heart rate variability (HRV) analysis using sphygmomanometers can effectively reflect the physical and emotional distress of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) cases and assist in further health management. Methods This study includes 66 female SSD cases and 32 male SSD cases. All cases received a 200-second blood pressure (BP) measurement, after which the numerical figure for the heart rate was obtained from the BP signal for HRV analysis. All cases also filled out Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to understand the extent of their somatic distress, depression, and anxiety. The relationship between psychological conditions and HRV indicators are examined statistically. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to understand whether HRV indicators can assist in the determination of psychosomatic problems. Results Considering all and female SSD cases, low-frequency power (LF) and PHQ-15 in the HRV index have the most significant correlations. In male SSD cases, root mean square of successive NN interval differences (RMSSD) and BDI-II have the highest correlations. The results of ROC curve analysis indicate that LF is useful to judge the severity of female SSD cases, while RMSSD has reference value in determining whether male patients of SSD cases have depression or not. In addition, physical stress index (PSI) can also help determine the degree of depression in male SSD cases. Conclusion The use of BP in HRV analysis can help in the monitoring of somatic distress and depression issues in SSD cases. LF, RMSSD, PSI are potential physiological indicators.

Published
2020

47. Effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy on treatment-resistant depressive disorder: A population-based mirror-image study

Author

Chung-Yi Lin, Chi-Shin Wu, Hui Ju Tsai, Shih-Cheng Liao, and I-Ming Chen

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Taiwan, Poison control, Patient Readmission, behavioral disciplines and activities, Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Electroconvulsive therapy, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, mental disorders, Injury prevention, Humans, Medicine, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Biological Psychiatry, Aged, business.industry, Human factors and ergonomics, Emergency department, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Hospitalization, Psychiatry and Mental health, Research Design, Emergency medicine, Female, business, Treatment-resistant depression, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

The clinical effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in treatment-resistant depressive disorders need to be systemically examined in representative samples. This study aimed to examine whether ECT reduced re-hospitalization within one year after discharge. The authors used the Psychiatric Inpatients Medical Claim Dataset, a subset of a total population health claims database from Taiwan, to include 784 inpatients with treatment-resistant depressive disorders screened for ECT during hospitalization between 2001 and 2011. The same number of comparison subjects was selected by frequency matching on the demographic and clinical characteristics. Using a mirror-image comparison design, we compared group differences in re-hospitalization rate, number of hospital days, number of emergency department visits, and direct medical costs during the 1-year pre- and post-ECT periods. The modifying effects of patients’ characteristics on these outcomes were also explored. The results showed that ECT was associated with a significant decrease in the rate of hospitalizations and emergency department visits over the 1-year follow-up period. However, there were no significant difference in the reduced rate of hospitalizations between ECT and comparison group. Demographic and clinical characteristic had no modifying effect on the odds of psychiatric hospitalization. In conclusions, ECT could reduce the rate of hospitalization and number of emergency department visits in patients with treatment-resistant depressive disorders. However, the study results might be biased by the inherent deficits of mirror-image design.

Published
2020

48. Dissecting the Shared Genetic Architecture of Suicide Attempt, Psychiatric Disorders, and Known Risk Factors

Author

Niamh Mullins, JooEun Kang, Adrian I. Campos, Jonathan R.I. Coleman, Alexis C. Edwards, Hanga Galfalvy, Daniel F. Levey, Adriana Lori, Andrey Shabalin, Anna Starnawska, Mei-Hsin Su, Hunna J. Watson, Mark Adams, Swapnil Awasthi, Michael Gandal, Jonathan D. Hafferty, Akitoyo Hishimoto, Minsoo Kim, Satoshi Okazaki, Ikuo Otsuka, Stephan Ripke, Erin B. Ware, Andrew W. Bergen, Wade H. Berrettini, Martin Bohus, Harry Brandt, Xiao Chang, Wei J. Chen, Hsi-Chung Chen, Steven Crawford, Scott Crow, Emily DiBlasi, Philibert Duriez, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Manfred M. Fichter, Steven Gallinger, Stephen J. Glatt, Philip Gorwood, Yiran Guo, Hakon Hakonarson, Katherine A. Halmi, Hai-Gwo Hwu, Sonia Jain, Stéphane Jamain, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Craig Johnson, Allan S. Kaplan, Walter H. Kaye, Pamela K. Keel, James L. Kennedy, Kelly L. Klump, Dong Li, Shih-Cheng Liao, Klaus Lieb, Lisa Lilenfeld, Chih-Min Liu, Pierre J. Magistretti, Christian R. Marshall, James E. Mitchell, Eric T. Monson, Richard M. Myers, Dalila Pinto, Abigail Powers, Nicolas Ramoz, Stefan Roepke, Vsevolod Rozanov, Stephen W. Scherer, Christian Schmahl, Marcus Sokolowski, Michael Strober, Laura M. Thornton, Janet Treasure, Ming T. Tsuang, Stephanie H. Witt, D. Blake Woodside, Zeynep Yilmaz, Lea Zillich, Rolf Adolfsson, Ingrid Agartz, Tracy M. Air, Martin Alda, Lars Alfredsson, Ole A. Andreassen, Adebayo Anjorin, Vivek Appadurai, María Soler Artigas, Sandra Van der Auwera, M. Helena Azevedo, Nicholas Bass, Claiton H.D. Bau, Bernhard T. Baune, Frank Bellivier, Klaus Berger, Joanna M. Biernacka, Tim B. Bigdeli, Elisabeth B. Binder, Michael Boehnke, Marco P. Boks, Rosa Bosch, David L. Braff, Richard Bryant, Monika Budde, Enda M. Byrne, Wiepke Cahn, Miguel Casas, Enrique Castelao, Jorge A. Cervilla, Boris Chaumette, Sven Cichon, Aiden Corvin, Nicholas Craddock, David Craig, Franziska Degenhardt, Srdjan Djurovic, Howard J. Edenberg, Ayman H. Fanous, Jerome C. Foo, Andreas J. Forstner, Mark Frye, Janice M. Fullerton, Justine M. Gatt, Pablo V. Gejman, Ina Giegling, Hans J. Grabe, Melissa J. Green, Eugenio H. Grevet, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Blanca Gutierrez, Jose Guzman-Parra, Steven P. Hamilton, Marian L. Hamshere, Annette Hartmann, Joanna Hauser, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, Per Hoffmann, Marcus Ising, Ian Jones, Lisa A. Jones, Lina Jonsson, René S. Kahn, John R. Kelsoe, Kenneth S. Kendler, Stefan Kloiber, Karestan C. Koenen, Manolis Kogevinas, Bettina Konte, Marie-Odile Krebs, Mikael Landén, Jacob Lawrence, Marion Leboyer, Phil H. Lee, Douglas F. Levinson, Calwing Liao, Jolanta Lissowska, Susanne Lucae, Fermin Mayoral, Susan L. McElroy, Patrick McGrath, Peter McGuffin, Andrew McQuillin, Sarah E. Medland, Divya Mehta, Ingrid Melle, Yuri Milaneschi, Philip B. Mitchell, Esther Molina, Gunnar Morken, Preben Bo Mortensen, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Caroline Nievergelt, Vishwajit Nimgaonkar, Markus M. Nöthen, Michael C. O’Donovan, Roel A. Ophoff, Michael J. Owen, Carlos Pato, Michele T. Pato, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Jonathan Pimm, Giorgio Pistis, James B. Potash, Robert A. Power, Martin Preisig, Digby Quested, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Andreas Reif, Marta Ribasés, Vanesa Richarte, Marcella Rietschel, Margarita Rivera, Andrea Roberts, Gloria Roberts, Guy A. Rouleau, Diego L. Rovaris, Dan Rujescu, Cristina Sánchez-Mora, Alan R. Sanders, Peter R. Schofield, Thomas G. Schulze, Laura J. Scott, Alessandro Serretti, Jianxin Shi, Stanley I. Shyn, Lea Sirignano, Pamela Sklar, Olav B. Smeland, Jordan W. Smoller, Edmund J.S. Sonuga-Barke, Gianfranco Spalletta, John S. Strauss, Beata Świątkowska, Maciej Trzaskowski, Gustavo Turecki, Laura Vilar-Ribó, John B. Vincent, Henry Völzke, James T.R. Walters, Cynthia Shannon Weickert, Thomas W. Weickert, Myrna M. Weissman, Leanne M. Williams, Naomi R. Wray, Clement C. Zai, Allison E. Ashley-Koch, Jean C. Beckham, Elizabeth R. Hauser, Michael A. Hauser, Nathan A. Kimbrel, Jennifer H. Lindquist, Benjamin McMahon, David W. Oslin, Xuejun Qin, Esben Agerbo, Anders D. Børglum, Gerome Breen, Annette Erlangsen, Tõnu Esko, Joel Gelernter, David M. Hougaard, Ronald C. Kessler, Henry R. Kranzler, Qingqin S. Li, Nicholas G. Martin, Andrew M. McIntosh, Ole Mors, Merete Nordentoft, Catherine M. Olsen, David Porteous, Robert J. Ursano, Danuta Wasserman, Thomas Werge, David C. Whiteman, Cynthia M. Bulik, Hilary Coon, Ditte Demontis, Anna R. Docherty, Po-Hsiu Kuo, Cathryn M. Lewis, J. John Mann, Miguel E. Rentería, Daniel J. Smith, Eli A. Stahl, Murray B. Stein, Fabian Streit, Virginia Willour, Douglas M. Ruderfer, Manuel Mattheisen, Abdel Abdellaoui, Mark J. Adams, Till F.M. Andlauer, Silviu-Alin Bacanu, Marie Bækvad-Hansen, Aartjan T.F. Beekman, Julien Bryois, Henriette N. Buttenschøn, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Na Cai, Jane Hvarregaard Christensen, Toni-Kim Clarke, Lucía Colodro-Conde, Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne, Nick Craddock, Gregory E. Crawford, Gail Davies, Eske M. Derks, Nese Direk, Conor V. Dolan, Erin C. Dunn, Thalia C. Eley, Valentina Escott-Price, Farnush Farhadi Hassan Kiadeh, Hilary K. Finucane, Josef Frank, Héléna A. Gaspar, Michael Gill, Fernando S. Goes, Scott D. Gordon, Shantel Marie Weinsheimer, Jürgen Wellmann, Gonneke Willemsen, Yang Wu, Hualin S. Xi, Jian Yang, Futao Zhang, Volker Arolt, Dorret I. Boomsma, Udo Dannlowski, E.J.C. de Geus, J. Raymond Depaulo, Enrico Domenici, Katharina Domschke, Jakob Grove, Lynsey S. Hall, Christine Søholm Hansen, Thomas F. Hansen, Stefan Herms, Ian B. Hickie, Georg Homuth, Carsten Horn, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, David M. Howard, Rick Jansen, Eric Jorgenson, James A. Knowles, Isaac S. Kohane, Julia Kraft, Warren W. Kretzschmar, Zoltán Kutalik, Yihan Li, Penelope A. Lind, Donald J. MacIntyre, Dean F. MacKinnon, Robert M. Maier, Wolfgang Maier, Jonathan Marchini, Hamdi Mbarek, Christel M. Middeldorp, Evelin Mihailov, Lili Milani, Francis M. Mondimore, Grant W. Montgomery, Sara Mostafavi, Matthias Nauck, Bernard Ng, Michel G. Nivard, Dale R. Nyholt, Paul F. O’Reilly, Hogni Oskarsson, Caroline Hayward, Andrew C. Heath, Glyn Lewis, Pamela A.F. Madden, Patrik K. Magnusson, Andres Metspalu, Sara A. Paciga, Nancy L. Pedersen, Jodie N. Painter, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz Pedersen, Roseann E. Peterson, Wouter J. Peyrot, Danielle Posthuma, Jorge A. Quiroz, Per Qvist, John P. Rice, Brien P. Riley, Saira Saeed Mirza, Robert Schoevers, Eva C. Schulte, Ling Shen, Engilbert Sigurdsson, Grant C.B. Sinnamon, Johannes H. Smit, Hreinn Stefansson, Stacy Steinberg, Jana Strohmaier, Katherine E. Tansey, Henning Teismann, Alexander Teumer, Wesley Thompson, Pippa A. Thomson, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Matthew Traylor, Jens Treutlein, Vassily Trubetskoy, André G. Uitterlinden, Daniel Umbricht, Albert M. van Hemert, Alexander Viktorin, Peter M. Visscher, Yunpeng Wang, Bradley T. Webb, Roy H. Perlis, David J. Porteous, Catherine Schaefer, Kari Stefansson, Henning Tiemeier, Rudolf Uher, Patrick F. Sullivan, Kevin S. O’Connell, Brandon Coombes, Zhen Qiao, Thomas D. Als, Sigrid Børte, Alexander W. Charney, Ole Kristian Drange, Michael J. Gandal, Saskia P. Hagenaars, Masashi Ikeda, Nolan Kamitaki, Kristi Krebs, Georgia Panagiotaropoulou, Brian M. Schilder, Laura G. Sloofman, Bendik S. Winsvold, Hong-Hee Won, Liliya Abramova, Kristina Adorjan, Mariam Al Eissa, Diego Albani, Ney Alliey-Rodriguez, Verneri Antilla, Anastasia Antoniou, Ji Hyun Baek, Michael Bauer, Eva C. Beins, Sarah E. Bergen, Armin Birner, Erlend Bøen, Murielle Brum, Ben M. Brumpton, Nathalie Brunkhorst-Kanaan, William Byerley, Murray Cairns, Miquel Casas, Pablo Cervantes, Cristiana Cruceanu, Alfredo Cuellar-Barboza, Julie Cunningham, David Curtis, Piotr M. Czerski, Anders M. Dale, Nina Dalkner, Friederike S. David, Amanda L. Dobbyn, Athanassios Douzenis, Torbjørn Elvsåshagen, I. Nicol Ferrier, Alessia Fiorentino, Tatiana M. Foroud, Liz Forty, Oleksandr Frei, Nelson B. Freimer, Louise Frisén, Katrin Gade, Julie Garnham, Ian R. Gizer, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Tiffany A. Greenwood, José Guzman-Parra, Kyooseob Ha, Magnus Haraldsson, Martin Hautzinger, Urs Heilbronner, Dennis Hellgren, Peter A. Holmans, Laura Huckins, Jessica S. Johnson, Janos L. Kalman, Yoichiro Kamatani, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Maria Koromina, Thorsten M. Kranz, Michiaki Kubo, Ralph Kupka, Steven A. Kushner, Catharina Lavebratt, Markus Leber, Heon-Jeong Lee, Shawn E. Levy, Catrin Lewis, Martin Lundberg, Sigurdur H. Magnusson, Adam Maihofer, Dolores Malaspina, Eirini Maratou, Lina Martinsson, Nathaniel W. McGregor, James D. McKay, Helena Medeiros, Vincent Millischer, Jennifer L. Moran, Derek W. Morris, Thomas W. Mühleisen, Niamh O’Brien, Claire O’Donovan, Loes M. Olde Loohuis, Lilijana Oruc, Sergi Papiol, Antonio F. Pardiñas, Amy Perry, Andrea Pfennig, Evgenia Porichi, Towfique Raj, Mark H. Rapaport, J. Raymond DePaulo, Eline J. Regeer, Fabio Rivas, Julian Roth, Panos Roussos, Fanny Senner, Sally Sharp, Paul D. Shilling, Claire Slaney, Janet L. Sobell, Maria Soler Artigas, Anne T. Spijker, Dan J. Stein, Chikashi Terao, Claudio Toma, Paul Tooney, Evangelia-Eirini Tsermpini, Marquis P. Vawter, Helmut Vedder, Simon Xi, Wei Xu, Jessica Mei Kay Yang, Allan H. Young, Hannah Young, Peter P. Zandi, Hang Zhou, null HUNT All-In Psychiatry, Gulja Babadjanova, Lena Backlund, Susanne Bengesser, Douglas H.R. Blackwood, Vaughan J. Carr, Stanley Catts, Dimitris Dikeos, Bruno Etain, Panagiotis Ferentinos, Micha Gawlik, Elliot S. Gershon, Frans Henskens, Jan Hillert, Kyung Sue Hong, Christina M. Hultman, Kristian Hveem, Nakao Iwata, Assen V. Jablensky, George Kirov, Christine Lochner, Carmel Loughland, Carol A. Mathews, Francis J. McMahon, Patricia Michie, Bryan Mowry, Benjamin M. Neale, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Ketil J. Oedegaard, Tomas Olsson, Chris Pantelis, George P. Patrinos, Eva Z. Reininghaus, Takeo Saito, Ulrich Schall, Martin Schalling, Rodney J. Scott, Eystein Stordal, Arne E. Vaaler, Eduard Vieta, Irwin D. Waldman, John-Anker Zwart, John I. Nurnberger, Arianna Di Florio, Roger A.H. Adan, Tetsuya Ando, Harald Aschauer, Jessica H. Baker, Vladimir Bencko, Andreas Birgegård, Joseph M. Boden, Ilka Boehm, Claudette Boni, Vesna Boraska Perica, Katharina Buehren, Roland Burghardt, Laura Carlberg, Matteo Cassina, Maurizio Clementi, Roger D. Cone, Philippe Courtet, James J. Crowley, Unna N. Danner, Oliver S.P. Davis, Martina de Zwaan, George Dedoussis, Daniela Degortes, Janiece E. DeSocio, Danielle M. Dick, Christian Dina, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Elisa Docampo Martinez, Laramie E. Duncan, Karin Egberts, Morten Mattingsdal, Sara McDevitt, Ingrid Meulenbelt, Nadia Micali, James Mitchell, Karen Mitchell, Palmiero Monteleone, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff, Benedetta Nacmias, Marie Navratilova, Ioanna Ntalla, Julie K. O’Toole, Leonid Padyukov, Aarno Palotie, Jacques Pantel, Hana Papezova, Richard Parker, John F. Pearson, Stefan Ehrlich, Geòrgia Escaramís, Thomas Espeseth, Xavier Estivill, Anne Farmer, Angela Favaro, Krista Fischer, James A.B. Floyd, Manuel Föcker, Lenka Foretova, Monica Forzan, Christopher S. Franklin, Giovanni Gambaro, Johanna Giuranna, Paola Giusti-Rodríquez, Fragiskos Gonidakis, Scott Gordon, Monica Gratacos Mayora, Sébastien Guillaume, Ken B. Hanscombe, Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas, Johannes Hebebrand, Sietske G. Helder, Anjali K. Henders, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Wolfgang Herzog, Anke Hinney, L. John Horwood, Christopher Hübel, Liselotte V. Petersen, Kirstin L. Purves, Anu Raevuori, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, Valdo Ricca, Samuli Ripatti, Franziska Ritschel, Marion Roberts, Filip Rybakowski, Paolo Santonastaso, André Scherag, Ulrike Schmidt, Nicholas J. Schork, Alexandra Schosser, Jochen Seitz, Lenka Slachtova, P. Eline Slagboom, Margarita C.T. Slof-Op ‘t Landt, Agnieszka Slopien, Nicole Soranzo, Sandro Sorbi, Lorraine Southam, Vidar W. Steen, Laura M. Huckins, James I. Hudson, Hartmut Imgart, Hidetoshi Inoko, Vladimir Janout, Jennifer Jordan, Antonio Julià, Gursharan Kalsi, Deborah Kaminská, Jaakko Kaprio, Leila Karhunen, Andreas Karwautz, Martien J.H. Kas, Martin A. Kennedy, Anna Keski-Rahkonen, Kirsty Kiezebrink, Youl-Ri Kim, Katherine M. Kirk, Lars Klareskog, Gun Peggy S. Knudsen, Janne T. Larsen, Stephanie Le Hellard, Virpi M. Leppä, Paul Lichtenstein, Bochao Danae Lin, Astri Lundervold, Jurjen Luykx, Mario Maj, Katrin Mannik, Sara Marsal, Garret D. Stuber, Jin P. Szatkiewicz, Ioanna Tachmazidou, Elena Tenconi, Alfonso Tortorella, Federica Tozzi, Artemis Tsitsika, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Konstantinos Tziouvas, Annemarie A. van Elburg, Eric F. van Furth, Tracey D. Wade, Gudrun Wagner, Esther Walton, H. Erich Wichmann, Elisabeth Widen, Shuyang Yao, Eleftheria Zeggini, Stephanie Zerwas, Stephan Zipfel, Martin Jungkunz, Lydie Dietl, Cornelia E. Schwarze, Norbert Dahmen, Björn H. Schott, Arian Mobascher, Silvia Crivelli, Michelle F. Dennis, Phillip D. Harvey, Bruce W. Carter, Jennifer E. Huffman, Daniel Jacobson, Ravi Madduri, Maren K. Olsen, John Pestian, J. Michael Gaziano, Sumitra Muralidhar, Rachel Ramoni, Jean Beckham, Kyong-Mi Chang, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Philip S. Tsao, James Breeling, Grant Huang, J.P. Casas Romero, Jennifer Moser, Stacey B. Whitbourne, Jessica V. Brewer, Mihaela Aslan, Todd Connor, Dean P. Argyres, Brady Stephens, Mary T. Brophy, Donald E. Humphries, Luis E. Selva, Nhan Do, Shahpoor Shayan, Kelly Cho, Saiju Pyarajan, Elizabeth Hauser, Yan Sun, Hongyu Zhao, Peter Wilson, Rachel McArdle, Louis Dellitalia, Kristin Mattocks, John Harley, Clement J. Zablocki, Jeffrey Whittle, Frank Jacono, Salvador Gutierrez, Gretchen Gibson, Kimberly Hammer, Laurence Kaminsky, Gerardo Villareal, Scott Kinlay, Junzhe Xu, Mark Hamner, Roy Mathew, Sujata Bhushan, Pran Iruvanti, Michael Godschalk, Zuhair Ballas, Douglas Ivins, Stephen Mastorides, Jonathan Moorman, Saib Gappy, Jon Klein, Nora Ratcliffe, Hermes Florez, Olaoluwa Okusaga, Maureen Murdoch, Peruvemba Sriram, Shing Shing Yeh, Neeraj Tandon, Darshana Jhala, Samuel Aguayo, David Cohen, Satish Sharma, Suthat Liangpunsakul, Kris Ann Oursler, Mary Whooley, Sunil Ahuja, Joseph Constans, Paul Meyer, Jennifer Greco, Michael Rauchman, Richard Servatius, Melinda Gaddy, Agnes Wallbom, Timothy Morgan, Todd Stapley, Scott Sherman, George Ross, Philip Tsao, Patrick Strollo, Edward Boyko, Laurence Meyer, Samir Gupta, Mostaqul Huq, Joseph Fayad, Adriana Hung, Jack Lichy, Robin Hurley, Brooks Robey, Robert Striker, Dietl, Lydie, Schwarze, Cornelia E., Dahmen, Norbert, Schott, Björn H., Nöthen, Markus M., Ripke, Stephan, Mobascher, Arian, Rujescu, Dan, Lieb, Klaus, Roepke, Stefan, Schmahl, Christian, Bohus, Martin, Rietschel, Marcella, Crivelli, Silvia, Dennis, Michelle F., Harvey, Phillip D., Carter, Bruce W., Huffman, Jennifer E., Jacobson, Daniel, Madduri, Ravi, Olsen, Maren K., Pestian, John, Gaziano, J. Michael, Muralidhar, Sumitra, Ramoni, Rachel, Beckham, Jean, Chang, Kyong-Mi, O'Donnell, Christopher J., Tsao, Philip S., Breeling, James, Huang, Grant, Romero, J. P. Casas, Moser, Jennifer, Whitbourne, Stacey B., Brewer, Jessica V., Aslan, Mihaela, Connor, Todd, Argyres, Dean P., Stephens, Brady, Brophy, Mary T., Humphries, Donald E., Selva, Luis E., Do, Nhan, Shayan, Shahpoor, Cho, Kelly, Pyarajan, Saiju, Hauser, Elizabeth, Sun, Yan, Zhao, Hongyu, Wilson, Peter, McArdle, Rachel, Dellitalia, Louis, Mattocks, Kristin, Harley, John, Zablocki, Clement J., Whittle, Jeffrey, Jacono, Frank, Gutierrez, Salvador, Gibson, Gretchen, Hammer, Kimberly, Kaminsky, Laurence, Villareal, Gerardo, Kinlay, Scott, Xu, Junzhe, Hamner, Mark, Mathew, Roy, Bhushan, Sujata, Iruvanti, Pran, Godschalk, Michael, Ballas, Zuhair, Ivins, Douglas, Mastorides, Stephen, Moorman, Jonathan, Gappy, Saib, Klein, Jon, Ratcliffe, Nora, Florez, Hermes, Okusaga, Olaoluwa, Murdoch, Maureen, Sriram, Peruvemba, Yeh, Shing Shing, Tandon, Neeraj, Jhala, Darshana, Aguayo, Samuel, Cohen, David, Sharma, Satish, Liangpunsakul, Suthat, Oursler, Kris Ann, Whooley, Mary, Ahuja, Sunil, Constans, Joseph, Meyer, Paul, Greco, Jennifer, Rauchman, Michael, Servatius, Richard, Gaddy, Melinda, Wallbom, Agnes, Morgan, Timothy, Stapley, Todd, Sherman, Scott, Ross, George, Tsao, Philip, Strollo, Patrick, Boyko, Edward, Meyer, Laurence, Gupta, Samir, Huq, Mostaqul, Fayad, Joseph, Hung, Adriana, Lichy, Jack, Hurley, Robin, Robey, Brooks, Striker, Robert, Wray, Naomi R., Mattheisen, Manuel, Trzaskowski, Maciej, Byrne, Enda M., Abdellaoui, Abdel, Adams, Mark J., Agerbo, Esben, Air, Tracy M., Andlauer, Till F. M., Bacanu, Silviu-Alin, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Beekman, Aartjan T. F., Bigdeli, Tim B., Binder, Elisabeth B., Bryois, Julien, Buttenschøn, Henriette N., Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Cai, Na, Castelao, Enrique, Christensen, Jane Hvarregaard, Clarke, Toni-Kim, Coleman, Jonathan R. I., Colodro-Conde, Lucía, Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste, Craddock, Nick, Crawford, Gregory E., Davies, Gail, Degenhardt, Franziska, Derks, Eske M., Direk, Nese, Dolan, Conor V., Dunn, Erin C., Eley, Thalia C., Escott-Price, Valentina, Hassan Kiadeh, Farnush Farhadi, Finucane, Hilary K., Foo, Jerome C., Forstner, Andreas J., Frank, Josef, Gaspar, Héléna A., Gill, Michael, Goes, Fernando S., Gordon, Scott D., Weinsheimer, Shantel Marie, Wellmann, Jürgen, Willemsen, Gonneke, Witt, Stephanie H., Wu, Yang, Xi, Hualin S., Yang, Jian, Zhang, Futao, Arolt, Volker, Baune, Bernhard T., Berger, Klaus, Boomsma, Dorret I., Cichon, Sven, Dannlowski, Udo, de Geus, E. J. C., DePaulo, J. Raymond, Domenici, Enrico, Domschke, Katharina, Esko, Tõnu, Grabe, Hans J., Hamilton, Steven P., Grove, Jakob, Hall, Lynsey S., Hansen, Christine Søholm, Hansen, Thomas F., Herms, Stefan, Hickie, Ian B., Hoffmann, Per, Homuth, Georg, Horn, Carsten, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Hougaard, David M., Howard, David M., Ising, Marcus, Jansen, Rick, Jones, Ian, Jones, Lisa A., Jorgenson, Eric, Knowles, James A., Kohane, Isaac S., Kraft, Julia, Kretzschmar, Warren W., Kutalik, Zoltán, Li, Yihan, Lind, Penelope A., MacIntyre, Donald J., MacKinnon, Dean F., Maier, Robert M., Maier, Wolfgang, Marchini, Jonathan, Mbarek, Hamdi, McGrath, Patrick, McGuffin, Peter, Medland, Sarah E., Mehta, Divya, Middeldorp, Christel M., Mihailov, Evelin, Milaneschi, Yuri, Milani, Lili, Mondimore, Francis M., Montgomery, Grant W., Mostafavi, Sara, Mullins, Niamh, Nauck, Matthias, Ng, Bernard, Nivard, Michel G., Nyholt, Dale R., O'Reilly, Paul F., Oskarsson, Hogni, Hayward, Caroline, Heath, Andrew C., Kendler, Kenneth S., Kloiber, Stefan, Lewis, Glyn, Li, Qingqin S., Lucae, Susanne, Madden, Pamela A. F., Magnusson, Patrik K., Martin, Nicholas G., McIntosh, Andrew M., Metspalu, Andres, Mors, Ole, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Nordentoft, Merete, O'Donovan, Michael C., Paciga, Sara A., Pedersen, Nancy L., Owen, Michael J., Painter, Jodie N., Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker, Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz, Peterson, Roseann E., Peyrot, Wouter J., Pistis, Giorgio, Posthuma, Danielle, Quiroz, Jorge A., Qvist, Per, Rice, John P., Riley, Brien P., Rivera, Margarita, Mirza, Saira Saeed, Schoevers, Robert, Schulte, Eva C., Shen, Ling, Shi, Jianxin, Shyn, Stanley I., Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Sinnamon, Grant C. B., Smit, Johannes H., Smith, Daniel J., Stefansson, Hreinn, Steinberg, Stacy, Streit, Fabian, Strohmaier, Jana, Tansey, Katherine E., Teismann, Henning, Teumer, Alexander, Thompson, Wesley, Thomson, Pippa A., Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E., Traylor, Matthew, Treutlein, Jens, Trubetskoy, Vassily, Uitterlinden, André G., Umbricht, Daniel, Van der Auwera, Sandra, van Hemert, Albert M., Viktorin, Alexander, Visscher, Peter M., Wang, Yunpeng, Webb, Bradley T., Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Perlis, Roy H., Porteous, David J., Potash, James B., Preisig, Martin, Schaefer, Catherine, Schulze, Thomas G., Smoller, Jordan W., Stefansson, Kari, Tiemeier, Henning, Uher, Rudolf, Völzke, Henry, Weissman, Myrna M., Werge, Thomas, Lewis, Cathryn M., Levinson, Douglas F., Breen, Gerome, Børglum, Anders D., Sullivan, Patrick F., O'Connell, Kevin S., Coombes, Brandon, Qiao, Zhen, Als, Thomas D., Børte, Sigrid, Charney, Alexander W., Drange, Ole Kristian, Gandal, Michael J., Hagenaars, Saskia P., Ikeda, Masashi, Kamitaki, Nolan, Kim, Minsoo, Krebs, Kristi, Panagiotaropoulou, Georgia, Schilder, Brian M., Sloofman, Laura G., Winsvold, Bendik S., Won, Hong-Hee, Abramova, Liliya, Adorjan, Kristina, Al Eissa, Mariam, Albani, Diego, Alliey-Rodriguez, Ney, Anjorin, Adebayo, Antilla, Verneri, Antoniou, Anastasia, Awasthi, Swapnil, Baek, Ji Hyun, Bass, Nicholas, Bauer, Michael, Beins, Eva C., Bergen, Sarah E., Birner, Armin, Bøen, Erlend, Boks, Marco P., Bosch, Rosa, Brum, Murielle, Brumpton, Ben M., Brunkhorst-Kanaan, Nathalie, Budde, Monika, Byerley, William, Cairns, Murray, Casas, Miquel, Cervantes, Pablo, Cruceanu, Cristiana, Cuellar-Barboza, Alfredo, Cunningham, Julie, Curtis, David, Czerski, Piotr M., Dale, Anders M., Dalkner, Nina, David, Friederike S., Djurovic, Srdjan, Dobbyn, Amanda L., Douzenis, Athanassios, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Ferrier, I. Nicol, Fiorentino, Alessia, Foroud, Tatiana M., Forty, Liz, Frei, Oleksandr, Freimer, Nelson B., Frisén, Louise, Gade, Katrin, Garnham, Julie, Gelernter, Joel, Gizer, Ian R., Gordon-Smith, Katherine, Greenwood, Tiffany A., Guzman-Parra, José, Ha, Kyooseob, Haraldsson, Magnus, Hautzinger, Martin, Heilbronner, Urs, Hellgren, Dennis, Holmans, Peter A., Huckins, Laura, Jamain, Stéphane, Johnson, Jessica S., Kalman, Janos L., Kamatani, Yoichiro, Kennedy, James L., Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, Kogevinas, Manolis, Koromina, Maria, Kranz, Thorsten M., Kranzler, Henry R., Kubo, Michiaki, Kupka, Ralph, Kushner, Steven A., Lavebratt, Catharina, Lawrence, Jacob, Leber, Markus, Lee, Heon-Jeong, Lee, Phil H., Levy, Shawn E., Lewis, Catrin, Liao, Calwing, Lundberg, Martin, Magnusson, Sigurdur H., Maihofer, Adam, Malaspina, Dolores, Maratou, Eirini, Martinsson, Lina, McGregor, Nathaniel W., McKay, James D., Medeiros, Helena, Millischer, Vincent, Moran, Jennifer L., Morris, Derek W., Mühleisen, Thomas W., O'Brien, Niamh, O'Donovan, Claire, Olde Loohuis, Loes M., Oruc, Lilijana, Papiol, Sergi, Pardiñas, Antonio F., Perry, Amy, Pfennig, Andrea, Porichi, Evgenia, Quested, Digby, Raj, Towfique, Rapaport, Mark H., Regeer, Eline J., Rivas, Fabio, Roth, Julian, Roussos, Panos, Ruderfer, Douglas M., Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Senner, Fanny, Sharp, Sally, Shilling, Paul D., Sirignano, Lea, Slaney, Claire, Smeland, Olav B., Sobell, Janet L., Artigas, Maria Soler, Spijker, Anne T., Stein, Dan J., Strauss, John S., Świątkowska, Beata, Terao, Chikashi, Toma, Claudio, Tooney, Paul, Tsermpini, Evangelia-Eirini, Vawter, Marquis P., Vedder, Helmut, Walters, James T. R., Xi, Simon, Xu, Wei, Kay Yang, Jessica Mei, Young, Allan H., Young, Hannah, Zandi, Peter P., Zhou, Hang, Zillich, Lea, Adolfsson, Rolf, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alfredsson, Lars, Babadjanova, Gulja, Backlund, Lena, Bellivier, Frank, Bengesser, Susanne, Berrettini, Wade H., Blackwood, Douglas H. R., Boehnke, Michael, Carr, Vaughan J., Catts, Stanley, Corvin, Aiden, Craddock, Nicholas, Dikeos, Dimitris, Etain, Bruno, Ferentinos, Panagiotis, Frye, Mark, Fullerton, Janice M., Gawlik, Micha, Gershon, Elliot S., Green, Melissa J., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, Hauser, Joanna, Henskens, Frans, Hillert, Jan, Hong, Kyung Sue, Hultman, Christina M., Hveem, Kristian, Iwata, Nakao, Jablensky, Assen V., Kahn, René S., Kelsoe, John R., Kirov, George, Landén, Mikael, Leboyer, Marion, Lissowska, Jolanta, Lochner, Christine, Loughland, Carmel, Mathews, Carol A., Mayoral, Fermin, McElroy, Susan L., McMahon, Francis J., Melle, Ingrid, Michie, Patricia, Mitchell, Philip B., Morken, Gunnar, Mowry, Bryan, Myers, Richard M., Neale, Benjamin M., Nievergelt, Caroline M., Oedegaard, Ketil J., Olsson, Tomas, Pantelis, Chris, Pato, Carlos, Pato, Michele T., Patrinos, George P., Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Ribasés, Marta, Rouleau, Guy A., Saito, Takeo, Schall, Ulrich, Schalling, Martin, Schofield, Peter R., Scott, Laura J., Scott, Rodney J., Serretti, Alessandro, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Stordal, Eystein, Turecki, Gustavo, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Vincent, John B., Waldman, Irwin D., Weickert, Thomas W., Zwart, John-Anker, Biernacka, Joanna M., Nurnberger, John I., Edenberg, Howard J., Stahl, Eli A., McQuillin, Andrew, Di Florio, Arianna, Ophoff, Roel A., Andreassen, Ole A., Adan, Roger A. H., Ando, Tetsuya, Aschauer, Harald, Baker, Jessica H., Bencko, Vladimir, Bergen, Andrew W., Birgegård, Andreas, Boden, Joseph M., Boehm, Ilka, Boni, Claudette, Perica, Vesna Boraska, Brandt, Harry, Buehren, Katharina, Bulik, Cynthia M., Burghardt, Roland, Carlberg, Laura, Cassina, Matteo, Clementi, Maurizio, Cone, Roger D., Courtet, Philippe, Crawford, Steven, Crow, Scott, Crowley, James J., Danner, Unna N., Davis, Oliver S. P., de Zwaan, Martina, Dedoussis, George, Degortes, Daniela, DeSocio, Janiece E., Dick, Danielle M., Dina, Christian, Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Monika, Martinez, Elisa Docampo, Duncan, Laramie E., Egberts, Karin, Marshall, Christian R., Mattingsdal, Morten, McDevitt, Sara, Meulenbelt, Ingrid, Micali, Nadia, Mitchell, James, Mitchell, Karen, Monteleone, Palmiero, Monteleone, Alessio Maria, Munn-Chernoff, Melissa A., Nacmias, Benedetta, Navratilova, Marie, Ntalla, Ioanna, Olsen, Catherine M., O'Toole, Julie K., Padyukov, Leonid, Palotie, Aarno, Pantel, Jacques, Papezova, Hana, Parker, Richard, Pearson, John F., Ehrlich, Stefan, Escaramís, Geòrgia, Espeseth, Thomas, Estivill, Xavier, Farmer, Anne, Favaro, Angela, Fernández-Aranda, Fernando, Fichter, Manfred M., Fischer, Krista, Floyd, James A. B., Föcker, Manuel, Foretova, Lenka, Forzan, Monica, Franklin, Christopher S., Gallinger, Steven, Gambaro, Giovanni, Giegling, Ina, Giuranna, Johanna, Giusti-Rodríquez, Paola, Gonidakis, Fragiskos, Gordon, Scott, Gorwood, Philip, Mayora, Monica Gratacos, Guillaume, Sébastien, Guo, Yiran, Hakonarson, Hakon, Halmi, Katherine A., Hanscombe, Ken B., Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos, Hebebrand, Johannes, Helder, Sietske G., Henders, Anjali K., Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Herzog, Wolfgang, Hinney, Anke, Horwood, L. John, Hübel, Christopher, Petersen, Liselotte V., Pinto, Dalila, Purves, Kirstin L., Raevuori, Anu, Ramoz, Nicolas, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Ricca, Valdo, Ripatti, Samuli, Ritschel, Franziska, Roberts, Marion, Rybakowski, Filip, Santonastaso, Paolo, Scherag, André, Scherer, Stephen W., Schmidt, Ulrike, Schork, Nicholas J., Schosser, Alexandra, Seitz, Jochen, Slachtova, Lenka, Slagboom, P. Eline, Slof-Op 't Landt, Margarita C. T., Slopien, Agnieszka, Soranzo, Nicole, Sorbi, Sandro, Southam, Lorraine, Steen, Vidar W., Strober, Michael, Huckins, Laura M., Hudson, James I., Imgart, Hartmut, Inoko, Hidetoshi, Janout, Vladimir, Jiménez-Murcia, Susana, Johnson, Craig, Jordan, Jennifer, Julià, Antonio, Kalsi, Gursharan, Kaminská, Deborah, Kaplan, Allan S., Kaprio, Jaakko, Karhunen, Leila, Karwautz, Andreas, Kas, Martien J. H., Kaye, Walter H., Kennedy, Martin A., Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Kiezebrink, Kirsty, Kim, Youl-Ri, Kirk, Katherine M., Klareskog, Lars, Klump, Kelly L., Knudsen, Gun Peggy S., Larsen, Janne T., Le Hellard, Stephanie, Leppä, Virpi M., Li, Dong, Lichtenstein, Paul, Lilenfeld, Lisa, Lin, Bochao Danae, Lundervold, Astri, Luykx, Jurjen, Magistretti, Pierre J., Maj, Mario, Mannik, Katrin, Marsal, Sara, Stuber, Garret D., Szatkiewicz, Jin P., Tachmazidou, Ioanna, Tenconi, Elena, Thornton, Laura M., Tortorella, Alfonso, Tozzi, Federica, Treasure, Janet, Tsitsika, Artemis, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Marta, Tziouvas, Konstantinos, van Elburg, Annemarie A., van Furth, Eric F., Wade, Tracey D., Wagner, Gudrun, Walton, Esther, Watson, Hunna J., Whiteman, David C., Wichmann, H. Erich, Widen, Elisabeth, Woodside, D. Blake, Yao, Shuyang, Yilmaz, Zeynep, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zerwas, Stephanie, Zipfel, Stephan, Jungkunz, Martin, Mullins, N., Kang, J., Campos, A. I., Coleman, J. R. I., Edwards, A. C., Galfalvy, H., Levey, D. F., Lori, A., Shabalin, A., Starnawska, A., Su, M. -H., Watson, H. J., Adams, M., Awasthi, S., Gandal, M., Hafferty, J. D., Hishimoto, A., Kim, M., Okazaki, S., Otsuka, I., Ripke, S., Ware, E. B., Bergen, A. W., Berrettini, W. H., Bohus, M., Brandt, H., Chang, X., Chen, W. J., Chen, H. -C., Crawford, S., Crow, S., Diblasi, E., Duriez, P., Fernandez-Aranda, F., Fichter, M. M., Gallinger, S., Glatt, S. J., Gorwood, P., Guo, Y., Hakonarson, H., Halmi, K. A., Hwu, H. -G., Jain, S., Jamain, S., Jimenez-Murcia, S., Johnson, C., Kaplan, A. S., Kaye, W. H., Keel, P. K., Kennedy, J. L., Klump, K. L., Li, D., Liao, S. -C., Lieb, K., Lilenfeld, L., Liu, C. -M., Magistretti, P. J., Marshall, C. R., Mitchell, J. E., Monson, E. T., Myers, R. M., Pinto, D., Powers, A., Ramoz, N., Roepke, S., Rozanov, V., Scherer, S. W., Schmahl, C., Sokolowski, M., Strober, M., Thornton, L. M., Treasure, J., Tsuang, M. T., Witt, S. H., Woodside, D. B., Yilmaz, Z., Zillich, L., Adolfsson, R., Agartz, I., Air, T. M., Alda, M., Alfredsson, L., Andreassen, O. A., Anjorin, A., Appadurai, V., Soler Artigas, M., Van der Auwera, S., Azevedo, M. H., Bass, N., Bau, C. H. D., Baune, B. T., Bellivier, F., Berger, K., Biernacka, J. M., Bigdeli, T. B., Binder, E. B., Boehnke, M., Boks, M. P., Bosch, R., Braff, D. L., Bryant, R., Budde, M., Byrne, E. M., Cahn, W., Casas, M., Castelao, E., Cervilla, J. A., Chaumette, B., Cichon, S., Corvin, A., Craddock, N., Craig, D., Degenhardt, F., Djurovic, S., Edenberg, H. J., Fanous, A. H., Foo, J. C., Forstner, A. J., Frye, M., Fullerton, J. M., Gatt, J. M., Gejman, P. V., Giegling, I., Grabe, H. J., Green, M. J., Grevet, E. H., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, M., Gutierrez, B., Guzman-Parra, J., Hamilton, S. P., Hamshere, M. L., Hartmann, A., Hauser, J., Heilmann-Heimbach, S., Hoffmann, P., Ising, M., Jones, I., Jones, L. A., Jonsson, L., Kahn, R. S., Kelsoe, J. R., Kendler, K. S., Kloiber, S., Koenen, K. C., Kogevinas, M., Konte, B., Krebs, M. -O., Landen, M., Lawrence, J., Leboyer, M., Lee, P. H., Levinson, D. F., Liao, C., Lissowska, J., Lucae, S., Mayoral, F., Mcelroy, S. L., Mcgrath, P., Mcguffin, P., Mcquillin, A., Medland, S. E., Mehta, D., Melle, I., Milaneschi, Y., Mitchell, P. B., Molina, E., Morken, G., Mortensen, P. B., Muller-Myhsok, B., Nievergelt, C., Nimgaonkar, V., Nothen, M. M., O'Donovan, M. C., Ophoff, R. A., Owen, M. J., Pato, C., Pato, M. T., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Pimm, J., Pistis, G., Potash, J. B., Power, R. A., Preisig, M., Quested, D., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Reif, A., Ribases, M., Richarte, V., Rietschel, M., Rivera, M., Roberts, A., Roberts, G., Rouleau, G. A., Rovaris, D. L., Rujescu, D., Sanchez-Mora, C., Sanders, A. R., Schofield, P. R., Schulze, T. G., Scott, L. J., Serretti, A., Shi, J., Shyn, S. I., Sirignano, L., Sklar, P., Smeland, O. B., Smoller, J. W., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Spalletta, G., Strauss, J. S., Swiatkowska, B., Trzaskowski, M., Turecki, G., Vilar-Ribo, L., Vincent, J. B., Volzke, H., Walters, J. T. R., Shannon Weickert, C., Weickert, T. W., Weissman, M. M., Williams, L. M., Wray, N. R., Zai, C. C., Ashley-Koch, A. E., Beckham, J. C., Hauser, E. R., Hauser, M. A., Kimbrel, N. A., Lindquist, J. H., Mcmahon, B., Oslin, D. W., Qin, X., Mattheisen, M., Abdellaoui, A., Adams, M. J., Agerbo, E., Andlauer, T. F. M., Bacanu, S. -A., Baekvad-Hansen, M., Beekman, A. T. F., Bryois, J., Buttenschon, H. N., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J., Cai, N., Christensen, J. H., Clarke, T. -K., Colodro-Conde, L., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Crawford, G. E., Davies, G., Derks, E. M., Direk, N., Dolan, C. V., Dunn, E. C., Eley, T. C., Escott-Price, V., Hassan Kiadeh, F. F., Finucane, H. K., Frank, J., Gaspar, H. A., Gill, M., Goes, F. S., Gordon, S. D., Weinsheimer, S. M., Wellmann, J., Willemsen, G., Wu, Y., Xi, H. S., Yang, J., Zhang, F., Arolt, V., Boomsma, D. I., Dannlowski, U., Depaulo, J. R., Domenici, E., Domschke, K., Esko, T., Grove, J., Hall, L. S., Hansen, C. S., Hansen, T. F., Herms, S., Hickie, I. B., Homuth, G., Horn, C., Hottenga, J. -J., Hougaard, D. M., Howard, D. M., Jansen, R., Jorgenson, E., Knowles, J. A., Kohane, I. S., Kraft, J., Kretzschmar, W. W., Kutalik, Z., Li, Y., Lind, P. A., Macintyre, D. J., Mackinnon, D. F., Maier, R. M., Maier, W., Marchini, J., Mbarek, H., Middeldorp, C. M., Mihailov, E., Milani, L., Mondimore, F. M., Montgomery, G. W., Mostafavi, S., Nauck, M., Ng, B., Nivard, M. G., Nyholt, D. R., O'Reilly, P. F., Oskarsson, H., Hayward, C., Heath, A. C., Lewis, G., Li, Q. S., Madden, P. A. F., Magnusson, P. K., Martin, N. G., Mcintosh, A. M., Metspalu, A., Mors, O., Nordentoft, M., Paciga, S. A., Pedersen, N. L., Painter, J. N., Pedersen, C. B., Pedersen, M. G., Peterson, R. E., Peyrot, W. J., Posthuma, D., Quiroz, J. A., Qvist, P., Rice, J. P., Riley, B. P., Mirza, S. S., Schoevers, R., Schulte, E. C., Shen, L., Sigurdsson, E., Sinnamon, G. C. B., Smit, J. H., Smith, D. J., Stefansson, H., Steinberg, S., Streit, F., Strohmaier, J., Tansey, K. E., Teismann, H., Teumer, A., Thompson, W., Thomson, P. A., Thorgeirsson, T. E., Traylor, M., Treutlein, J., Trubetskoy, V., Uitterlinden, A. G., Umbricht, D., der Auwera, S. V., van Hemert, A. M., Viktorin, A., Visscher, P. M., Wang, Y., Webb, B. T., Perlis, R. H., Porteous, D. J., Schaefer, C., Stefansson, K., Tiemeier, H., Uher, R., Werge, T., Lewis, C. M., Breen, G., Borglum, A. D., Sullivan, P. F., O'Connell, K. S., Coombes, B., Qiao, Z., Als, T. D., Borte, S., Charney, A. W., Drange, O. K., Gandal, M. J., Hagenaars, S. P., Ikeda, M., Kamitaki, N., Krebs, K., Panagiotaropoulou, G., Schilder, B. M., Sloofman, L. G., Winsvold, B. S., Won, H. -H., Abramova, L., Adorjan, K., Al Eissa, M., Albani, D., Alliey-Rodriguez, N., Antilla, V., Antoniou, A., Baek, J. H., Bauer, M., Beins, E. C., Bergen, S. E., Birner, A., Boen, E., Brum, M., Brumpton, B. M., Brunkhorst-Kanaan, N., Byerley, W., Cairns, M., Cervantes, P., Cruceanu, C., Cuellar-Barboza, A., Cunningham, J., Curtis, D., Czerski, P. M., Dale, A. M., Dalkner, N., David, F. S., Dobbyn, A. L., Douzenis, A., Elvsashagen, T., Ferrier, I. N., Fiorentino, A., Foroud, T. M., Forty, L., Frei, O., Freimer, N. B., Frisen, L., Gade, K., Garnham, J., Gelernter, J., Gizer, I. R., Gordon-Smith, K., Greenwood, T. A., Ha, K., Haraldsson, M., Hautzinger, M., Heilbronner, U., Hellgren, D., Holmans, P. A., Huckins, L., Johnson, J. S., Kalman, J. L., Kamatani, Y., Kittel-Schneider, S., Koromina, M., Kranz, T. M., Kranzler, H. R., Kubo, M., Kupka, R., Kushner, S. A., Lavebratt, C., Leber, M., Lee, H. -J., Levy, S. E., Lewis, C., Lundberg, M., Magnusson, S. H., Maihofer, A., Malaspina, D., Maratou, E., Martinsson, L., Mcgregor, N. W., Mckay, J. D., Medeiros, H., Millischer, V., Moran, J. L., Morris, D. W., Muhleisen, T. W., O'Brien, N., O'Donovan, C., Olde Loohuis, L. M., Oruc, L., Papiol, S., Pardinas, A. F., Perry, A., Pfennig, A., Porichi, E., Raj, T., Rapaport, M. H., Regeer, E. J., Rivas, F., Roth, J., Roussos, P., Ruderfer, D. M., Senner, F., Sharp, S., Shilling, P. D., Slaney, C., Sobell, J. L., Artigas, M. S., Spijker, A. T., Stein, D. J., Terao, C., Toma, C., Tooney, P., Tsermpini, E. -E., Vawter, M. P., Vedder, H., Xi, S., Xu, W., Kay Yang, J. M., Young, A. H., Young, H., Zandi, P. P., Zhou, H., HUNT All-In, Psychiatry, Babadjanova, G., Backlund, L., Bengesser, S., Blackwood, D. H. R., Carr, V. J., Catts, S., Dikeos, D., Etain, B., Ferentinos, P., Gawlik, M., Gershon, E. S., Henskens, F., Hillert, J., Hong, K. S., Hultman, C. M., Hveem, K., Iwata, N., Jablensky, A. V., Kirov, G., Lochner, C., Loughland, C., Mathews, C. A., Mcmahon, F. J., Michie, P., Mowry, B., Neale, B. M., Nievergelt, C. M., Oedegaard, K. J., Olsson, T., Pantelis, C., Patrinos, G. P., Reininghaus, E. Z., Saito, T., Schall, U., Schalling, M., Scott, R. J., Weickert, C. S., Stordal, E., Vaaler, A. E., Vieta, E., Waldman, I. D., Zwart, J. -A., Nurnberger, J. I., Stahl, E. A., Di Florio, A., Adan, R. A. H., Ando, T., Aschauer, H., Baker, J. H., Bencko, V., Birgegard, A., Boden, J. M., Boehm, I., Boni, C., Perica, V. B., Buehren, K., Bulik, C. M., Burghardt, R., Carlberg, L., Cassina, M., Clementi, M., Cone, R. D., Courtet, P., Crowley, J. J., Danner, U. N., Davis, O. S. P., de Zwaan, M., Dedoussis, G., Degortes, D., Desocio, J. E., Dick, D. M., Dina, C., Dmitrzak-Weglarz, M., Martinez, E. D., Duncan, L. E., Egberts, K., Mattingsdal, M., Mcdevitt, S., Meulenbelt, I., Micali, N., Mitchell, J., Mitchell, K., Monteleone, P., Monteleone, A. M., Munn-Chernoff, M. A., Nacmias, B., Navratilova, M., Ntalla, I., Olsen, C. M., O'Toole, J. K., Padyukov, L., Palotie, A., Pantel, J., Papezova, H., Parker, R., Pearson, J. F., Ehrlich, S., Escaramis, G., Espeseth, T., Estivill, X., Farmer, A., Favaro, A., Fischer, K., Floyd, J. A. B., Focker, M., Foretova, L., Forzan, M., Franklin, C. S., Gambaro, G., Giuranna, J., Giusti-Rodriquez, P., Gonidakis, F., Gordon, S., Mayora, M. G., Guillaume, S., Hanscombe, K. B., Hatzikotoulas, K., Hebebrand, J., Helder, S. G., Henders, A. K., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Herzog, W., Hinney, A., Horwood, L. J., Hubel, C., Petersen, L. V., Purves, K. L., Raevuori, A., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Ricca, V., Ripatti, S., Ritschel, F., Roberts, M., Rybakowski, F., Santonastaso, P., Scherag, A., Schmidt, U., Schork, N. J., Schosser, A., Seitz, J., Slachtova, L., Slagboom, P. E., Slof-Op 't Landt, M. C. T., Slopien, A., Soranzo, N., Sorbi, S., Southam, L., Steen, V. W., Huckins, L. M., Hudson, J. I., Imgart, H., Inoko, H., Janout, V., Jordan, J., Julia, A., Kalsi, G., Kaminska, D., Kaprio, J., Karhunen, L., Karwautz, A., Kas, M. J. H., Kennedy, M. A., Keski-Rahkonen, A., Kiezebrink, K., Kim, Y. -R., Kirk, K. M., Klareskog, L., Knudsen, G. P. S., Larsen, J. T., Le Hellard, S., Leppa, V. M., Lichtenstein, P., Lin, B. D., Lundervold, A., Luykx, J., Maj, M., Mannik, K., Marsal, S., Stuber, G. D., Szatkiewicz, J. P., Tachmazidou, I., Tenconi, E., Tortorella, A., Tozzi, F., Tsitsika, A., Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, M., Tziouvas, K., van Elburg, A. A., van Furth, E. F., Wade, T. D., Wagner, G., Walton, E., Whiteman, D. C., Wichmann, H. E., Widen, E., Yao, S., Zeggini, E., Zerwas, S., Zipfel, S., Jungkunz, M., Dietl, L., Schwarze, C. E., Dahmen, N., Schott, B. H., Mobascher, A., Crivelli, S., Dennis, M. F., Harvey, P. D., Carter, B. W., Huffman, J. E., Jacobson, D., Madduri, R., Olsen, M. K., Pestian, J., Gaziano, J. M., Muralidhar, S., Ramoni, R., Beckham, J., Chang, K. -M., O'Donnell, C. J., Tsao, P. S., Breeling, J., Huang, G., Romero, J. P. C., Moser, J., Whitbourne, S. B., Brewer, J. V., Aslan, M., Connor, T., Argyres, D. P., Stephens, B., Brophy, M. T., Humphries, D. E., Selva, L. E., Do, N., Shayan, S., Cho, K., Pyarajan, S., Hauser, E., Sun, Y., Zhao, H., Wilson, P., Mcardle, R., Dellitalia, L., Mattocks, K., Harley, J., Zablocki, C. J., Whittle, J., Jacono, F., Gutierrez, S., Gibson, G., Hammer, K., Kaminsky, L., Villareal, G., Kinlay, S., Xu, J., Hamner, M., Mathew, R., Bhushan, S., Iruvanti, P., Godschalk, M., Ballas, Z., Ivins, D., Mastorides, S., Moorman, J., Gappy, S., Klein, J., Ratcliffe, N., Florez, H., Okusaga, O., Murdoch, M., Sriram, P., Yeh, S. S., Tandon, N., Jhala, D., Aguayo, S., Cohen, D., Sharma, S., Liangpunsakul, S., Oursler, K. A., Whooley, M., Ahuja, S., Constans, J., Meyer, P., Greco, J., Rauchman, M., Servatius, R., Gaddy, M., Wallbom, A., Morgan, T., Stapley, T., Sherman, S., Ross, G., Tsao, P., Strollo, P., Boyko, E., Meyer, L., Gupta, S., Huq, M., Fayad, J., Hung, A., Lichy, J., Hurley, R., Robey, B., Striker, R., Erlangsen, A., Kessler, R. C., Porteous, D., Ursano, R. J., Wasserman, D., Coon, H., Demontis, D., Docherty, A. R., Kuo, P. -H., Mann, J. J., Renteria, M. E., Stein, M. B., Willour, V., Psychiatry, Biological Psychology, APH - Methodology, APH - Mental Health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, AMS - Sports, AMS - Ageing & Vitality, APH - Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Complex Trait Genetics, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, HUS Psychiatry, Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Nuorisopsykiatria, Faculty Common Matters (Faculty of Social Sciences), Samuli Olli Ripatti / Principal Investigator, Complex Disease Genetics, Biostatistics Helsinki, Anna Keski-Rahkonen / Principal Investigator, Elisabeth Ingrid Maria Widen / Principal Investigator, Genomic Discoveries and Clinical Translation, Internal medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, APH - Digital Health, Mullins N., Kang J., Campos A.I., Coleman J.R.I., Edwards A.C., Galfalvy H., Levey D.F., Lori A., Shabalin A., Starnawska A., Su M.-H., Watson H.J., Adams M., Awasthi S., Gandal M., Hafferty J.D., Hishimoto A., Kim M., Okazaki S., Otsuka I., Ripke S., Ware E.B., Bergen A.W., Berrettini W.H., Bohus M., Brandt H., Chang X., Chen W.J., Chen H.-C., Crawford S., Crow S., DiBlasi E., Duriez P., Fernandez-Aranda F., Fichter M.M., Gallinger S., Glatt S.J., Gorwood P., Guo Y., Hakonarson H., Halmi K.A., Hwu H.-G., Jain S., Jamain S., Jimenez-Murcia S., Johnson C., Kaplan A.S., Kaye W.H., Keel P.K., Kennedy J.L., Klump K.L., Li D., Liao S.-C., Lieb K., Lilenfeld L., Liu C.-M., Magistretti P.J., Marshall C.R., Mitchell J.E., Monson E.T., Myers R.M., Pinto D., Powers A., Ramoz N., Roepke S., Rozanov V., Scherer S.W., Schmahl C., Sokolowski M., Strober M., Thornton L.M., Treasure J., Tsuang M.T., Witt S.H., Woodside D.B., Yilmaz Z., Zillich L., Adolfsson R., Agartz I., Air T.M., Alda M., Alfredsson L., Andreassen O.A., Anjorin A., Appadurai V., Soler Artigas M., Van der Auwera S., Azevedo M.H., Bass N., Bau C.H.D., Baune B.T., Bellivier F., Berger K., Biernacka J.M., Bigdeli T.B., Binder E.B., Boehnke M., Boks M.P., Bosch R., Braff D.L., Bryant R., Budde M., Byrne E.M., Cahn W., Casas M., Castelao E., Cervilla J.A., Chaumette B., Cichon S., Corvin A., Craddock N., Craig D., Degenhardt F., Djurovic S., Edenberg H.J., Fanous A.H., Foo J.C., Forstner A.J., Frye M., Fullerton J.M., Gatt J.M., Gejman P.V., Giegling I., Grabe H.J., Green M.J., Grevet E.H., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M., Gutierrez B., Guzman-Parra J., Hamilton S.P., Hamshere M.L., Hartmann A., Hauser J., Heilmann-Heimbach S., Hoffmann P., Ising M., Jones I., Jones L.A., Jonsson L., Kahn R.S., Kelsoe J.R., Kendler K.S., Kloiber S., Koenen K.C., Kogevinas M., Konte B., Krebs M.-O., Landen M., Lawrence J., Leboyer M., Lee P.H., Levinson D.F., Liao C., Lissowska J., Lucae S., Mayoral F., McElroy S.L., McGrath P., McGuffin P., McQuillin A., Medland S.E., Mehta D., Melle I., Milaneschi Y., Mitchell P.B., Molina E., Morken G., Mortensen P.B., Muller-Myhsok B., Nievergelt C., Nimgaonkar V., Nothen M.M., O'Donovan M.C., Ophoff R.A., Owen M.J., Pato C., Pato M.T., Penninx B.W.J.H., Pimm J., Pistis G., Potash J.B., Power R.A., Preisig M., Quested D., Ramos-Quiroga J.A., Reif A., Ribases M., Richarte V., Rietschel M., Rivera M., Roberts A., Roberts G., Rouleau G.A., Rovaris D.L., Rujescu D., Sanchez-Mora C., Sanders A.R., Schofield P.R., Schulze T.G., Scott L.J., Serretti A., Shi J., Shyn S.I., Sirignano L., Sklar P., Smeland O.B., Smoller J.W., Sonuga-Barke E.J.S., Spalletta G., Strauss J.S., Swiatkowska B., Trzaskowski M., Turecki G., Vilar-Ribo L., Vincent J.B., Volzke H., Walters J.T.R., Shannon Weickert C., Weickert T.W., Weissman M.M., Williams L.M., Wray N.R., Zai C.C., Ashley-Koch A.E., Beckham J.C., Hauser E.R., Hauser M.A., Kimbrel N.A., Lindquist J.H., McMahon B., Oslin D.W., Qin X., Mattheisen M., Abdellaoui A., Adams M.J., Agerbo E., Andlauer T.F.M., Bacanu S.-A., Baekvad-Hansen M., Beekman A.T.F., Bryois J., Buttenschon H.N., Bybjerg-Grauholm J., Cai N., Christensen J.H., Clarke T.-K., Colodro-Conde L., Couvy-Duchesne B., Crawford G.E., Davies G., Derks E.M., Direk N., Dolan C.V., Dunn E.C., Eley T.C., Escott-Price V., Hassan Kiadeh F.F., Finucane H.K., Frank J., Gaspar H.A., Gill M., Goes F.S., Gordon S.D., Weinsheimer S.M., Wellmann J., Willemsen G., Wu Y., Xi H.S., Yang J., Zhang F., Arolt V., Boomsma D.I., Dannlowski U., de Geus E.J.C., Depaulo J.R., Domenici E., Domschke K., Esko T., Grove J., Hall L.S., Hansen C.S., Hansen T.F., Herms S., Hickie I.B., Homuth G., Horn C., Hottenga J.-J., Hougaard D.M., Howard D.M., Jansen R., Jorgenson E., Knowles J.A., Kohane I.S., Kraft J., Kretzschmar W.W., Kutalik Z., Li Y., Lind P.A., MacIntyre D.J., MacKinnon D.F., Maier R.M., Maier W., Marchini J., Mbarek H., Middeldorp C.M., Mihailov E., Milani L., Mondimore F.M., Montgomery G.W., Mostafavi S., Nauck M., Ng B., Nivard M.G., Nyholt D.R., O'Reilly P.F., Oskarsson H., Hayward C., Heath A.C., Lewis G., Li Q.S., Madden P.A.F., Magnusson P.K., Martin N.G., McIntosh A.M., Metspalu A., Mors O., Nordentoft M., Paciga S.A., Pedersen N.L., Painter J.N., Pedersen C.B., Pedersen M.G., Peterson R.E., Peyrot W.J., Posthuma D., Quiroz J.A., Qvist P., Rice J.P., Riley B.P., Mirza S.S., Schoevers R., Schulte E.C., Shen L., Sigurdsson E., Sinnamon G.C.B., Smit J.H., Smith D.J., Stefansson H., Steinberg S., Streit F., Strohmaier J., Tansey K.E., Teismann H., Teumer A., Thompson W., Thomson P.A., Thorgeirsson T.E., Traylor M., Treutlein J., Trubetskoy V., Uitterlinden A.G., Umbricht D., der Auwera S.V., van Hemert A.M., Viktorin A., Visscher P.M., Wang Y., Webb B.T., Perlis R.H., Porteous D.J., Schaefer C., Stefansson K., Tiemeier H., Uher R., Werge T., Lewis C.M., Breen G., Borglum A.D., Sullivan P.F., O'Connell K.S., Coombes B., Qiao Z., Als T.D., Borte S., Charney A.W., Drange O.K., Gandal M.J., Hagenaars S.P., Ikeda M., Kamitaki N., Krebs K., Panagiotaropoulou G., Schilder B.M., Sloofman L.G., Winsvold B.S., Won H.-H., Abramova L., Adorjan K., Al Eissa M., Albani D., Alliey-Rodriguez N., Antilla V., Antoniou A., Baek J.H., Bauer M., Beins E.C., Bergen S.E., Birner A., Boen E., Brum M., Brumpton B.M., Brunkhorst-Kanaan N., Byerley W., Cairns M., Cervantes P., Cruceanu C., Cuellar-Barboza A., Cunningham J., Curtis D., Czerski P.M., Dale A.M., Dalkner N., David F.S., Dobbyn A.L., Douzenis A., Elvsashagen T., Ferrier I.N., Fiorentino A., Foroud T.M., Forty L., Frei O., Freimer N.B., Frisen L., Gade K., Garnham J., Gelernter J., Gizer I.R., Gordon-Smith K., Greenwood T.A., Ha K., Haraldsson M., Hautzinger M., Heilbronner U., Hellgren D., Holmans P.A., Huckins L., Johnson J.S., Kalman J.L., Kamatani Y., Kittel-Schneider S., Koromina M., Kranz T.M., Kranzler H.R., Kubo M., Kupka R., Kushner S.A., Lavebratt C., Leber M., Lee H.-J., Levy S.E., Lewis C., Lundberg M., Magnusson S.H., Maihofer A., Malaspina D., Maratou E., Martinsson L., McGregor N.W., McKay J.D., Medeiros H., Millischer V., Moran J.L., Morris D.W., Muhleisen T.W., O'Brien N., O'Donovan C., Olde Loohuis L.M., Oruc L., Papiol S., Pardinas A.F., Perry A., Pfennig A., Porichi E., Raj T., Rapaport M.H., Regeer E.J., Rivas F., Roth J., Roussos P., Ruderfer D.M., Senner F., Sharp S., Shilling P.D., Slaney C., Sobell J.L., Artigas M.S., Spijker A.T., Stein D.J., Terao C., Toma C., Tooney P., Tsermpini E.-E., Vawter M.P., Vedder H., Xi S., Xu W., Kay Yang J.M., Young A.H., Young H., Zandi P.P., Zhou H., HUNT All-In Psychiatry, Babadjanova G., Backlund L., Bengesser S., Blackwood D.H.R., Carr V.J., Catts S., Dikeos D., Etain B., Ferentinos P., Gawlik M., Gershon E.S., Henskens F., Hillert J., Hong K.S., Hultman C.M., Hveem K., Iwata N., Jablensky A.V., Kirov G., Lochner C., Loughland C., Mathews C.A., McMahon F.J., Michie P., Mowry B., Neale B.M., Nievergelt C.M., Oedegaard K.J., Olsson T., Pantelis C., Patrinos G.P., Reininghaus E.Z., Saito T., Schall U., Schalling M., Scott R.J., Weickert C.S., Stordal E., Vaaler A.E., Vieta E., Waldman I.D., Zwart J.-A., Nurnberger J.I., Stahl E.A., Di Florio A., Adan R.A.H., Ando T., Aschauer H., Baker J.H., Bencko V., Birgegard A., Boden J.M., Boehm I., Boni C., Perica V.B., Buehren K., Bulik C.M., Burghardt R., Carlberg L., Cassina M., Clementi M., Cone R.D., Courtet P., Crowley J.J., Danner U.N., Davis O.S.P., de Zwaan M., Dedoussis G., Degortes D., DeSocio J.E., Dick D.M., Dina C., Dmitrzak-Weglarz M., Martinez E.D., Duncan L.E., Egberts K., Mattingsdal M., McDevitt S., Meulenbelt I., Micali N., Mitchell J., Mitchell K., Monteleone P., Monteleone A.M., Munn-Chernoff M.A., Nacmias B., Navratilova M., Ntalla I., Olsen C.M., O'Toole J.K., Padyukov L., Palotie A., Pantel J., Papezova H., Parker R., Pearson J.F., Ehrlich S., Escaramis G., Espeseth T., Estivill X., Farmer A., Favaro A., Fischer K., Floyd J.A.B., Focker M., Foretova L., Forzan M., Franklin C.S., Gambaro G., Giuranna J., Giusti-Rodriquez P., Gonidakis F., Gordon S., Mayora M.G., Guillaume S., Hanscombe K.B., Hatzikotoulas K., Hebebrand J., Helder S.G., Henders A.K., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Herzog W., Hinney A., Horwood L.J., Hubel C., Petersen L.V., Purves K.L., Raevuori A., Reichborn-Kjennerud T., Ricca V., Ripatti S., Ritschel F., Roberts M., Rybakowski F., Santonastaso P., Scherag A., Schmidt U., Schork N.J., Schosser A., Seitz J., Slachtova L., Slagboom P.E., Slof-Op 't Landt M.C.T., Slopien A., Soranzo N., Sorbi S., Southam L., Steen V.W., Huckins L.M., Hudson J.I., Imgart H., Inoko H., Janout V., Jordan J., Julia A., Kalsi G., Kaminska D., Kaprio J., Karhunen L., Karwautz A., Kas M.J.H., Kennedy M.A., Keski-Rahkonen A., Kiezebrink K., Kim Y.-R., Kirk K.M., Klareskog L., Knudsen G.P.S., Larsen J.T., Le Hellard S., Leppa V.M., Lichtenstein P., Lin B.D., Lundervold A., Luykx J., Maj M., Mannik K., Marsal S., Stuber G.D., Szatkiewicz J.P., Tachmazidou I., Tenconi E., Tortorella A., Tozzi F., Tsitsika A., Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor M., Tziouvas K., van Elburg A.A., van Furth E.F., Wade T.D., Wagner G., Walton E., Whiteman D.C., Wichmann H.E., Widen E., Yao S., Zeggini E., Zerwas S., Zipfel S., Jungkunz M., Dietl L., Schwarze C.E., Dahmen N., Schott B.H., Mobascher A., Crivelli S., Dennis M.F., Harvey P.D., Carter B.W., Huffman J.E., Jacobson D., Madduri R., Olsen M.K., Pestian J., Gaziano J.M., Muralidhar S., Ramoni R., Beckham J., Chang K.-M., O'Donnell C.J., Tsao P.S., Breeling J., Huang G., Romero J.P.C., Moser J., Whitbourne S.B., Brewer J.V., Aslan M., Connor T., Argyres D.P., Stephens B., Brophy M.T., Humphries D.E., Selva L.E., Do N., Shayan S., Cho K., Pyarajan S., Hauser E., Sun Y., Zhao H., Wilson P., McArdle R., Dellitalia L., Mattocks K., Harley J., Zablocki C.J., Whittle J., Jacono F., Gutierrez S., Gibson G., Hammer K., Kaminsky L., Villareal G., Kinlay S., Xu J., Hamner M., Mathew R., Bhushan S., Iruvanti P., Godschalk M., Ballas Z., Ivins D., Mastorides S., Moorman J., Gappy S., Klein J., Ratcliffe N., Florez H., Okusaga O., Murdoch M., Sriram P., Yeh S.S., Tandon N., Jhala D., Aguayo S., Cohen D., Sharma S., Liangpunsakul S., Oursler K.A., Whooley M., Ahuja S., Constans J., Meyer P., Greco J., Rauchman M., Servatius R., Gaddy M., Wallbom A., Morgan T., Stapley T., Sherman S., Ross G., Tsao P., Strollo P., Boyko E., Meyer L., Gupta S., Huq M., Fayad J., Hung A., Lichy J., Hurley R., Robey B., Striker R., Erlangsen A., Kessler R.C., Porteous D., Ursano R.J., Wasserman D., Coon H., Demontis D., Docherty A.R., Kuo P.-H., Mann J.J., Renteria M.E., Stein M.B., and Willour V.

Subjects
LD SCORE REGRESSION, Genome-wide association study, Suicide, Attempted, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Insomnia, Suicide attempt, GWAS, Suïcidi, Depression (differential diagnoses), Cause of death, Psychiatry, 0303 health sciences, Factors de risc en les malalties, Mental Disorders, Genetic Correlation, Genome-wide Association Study, Pleiotropy, Polygenicity, Suicide, Suicide Attempt, DEPRESSION, 3. Good health, Genetic correlation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Depressive Disorder, Major, Mental illness, Cohort, SEX, medicine.symptom, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Risk factors in diseases, BF, Locus (genetics), BEHAVIORS, Psykiatri, EVENTS, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, medicine, ddc:610, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, IDEATION, Socioeconomic status, METAANALYSIS, Biological Psychiatry, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, Risk Factor, Genetic architecture, THOUGHTS, RC0321, business, Malalties mentals, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Statistical analyses were carried out on the NL Genetic Cluster Computer (http://www.geneticcluster.org) hosted by SURFsara and the Mount Sinai high performance computing cluster (http://hpc.mssm.edu), which is supported by the Office of Research Infrastructure of the National Institutes of Health (Grant Nos. S10OD018522 and S10OD026880). This work was conducted in part using the resources of the Advanced Computing Center for Research and Education at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health (Grant Nos. R01MH116269 and R01MH121455 [to DMR]), NIGMS of the National Institutes of Health (Grant No. T32GM007347 [to JK]), and the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (NARSAD Young Investigator Award No. 29551 [to NM])., BACKGROUND: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and nonfatal suicide attempts, which occur far more frequently, are a major source of disability and social and economic burden. Both have substantial genetic etiology, which is partially shared and partially distinct from that of related psychiatric disorders. METHODS: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 29,782 suicide attempt (SA) cases and 519,961 controls in the International Suicide Genetics Consortium (ISGC). The GWAS of SA was conditioned on psychiatric disorders using GWAS summary statistics via multitrait-based conditional and joint analysis, to remove genetic effects on SA mediated by psychiatric disorders. We investigated the shared and divergent genetic architectures of SA, psychiatric disorders, and other known risk factors. RESULTS: Two loci reached genome-wide significance for SA: the major histocompatibility complex and an intergenic locus on chromosome 7, the latter of which remained associated with SA after conditioning on psychiatric disorders and replicated in an independent cohort from the Million Veteran Program. This locus has been implicated in risk-taking behavior, smoking, and insomnia. SA showed strong genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, and also with smoking, pain, risk-taking behavior, sleep disturbances, lower educational attainment, reproductive traits, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer general health. After conditioning on psychiatric disorders, the genetic correlations between SA and psychiatric disorders decreased, whereas those with nonpsychiatric traits remained largely unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Our results identify a risk locus that contributes more strongly to SA than other phenotypes and suggest a shared underlying biology between SA and known risk factors that is not mediated by psychiatric disorders., Office of Research Infrastructure of the National Institutes of Health S10OD018522 S10OD026880, United States Department of Health & Human Services, National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA R01MH116269 R01MH121455, NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) T32GM007347 NARSAD 29551

Published
2022

49. Population-based prevalence of somatic symptom disorder and comorbid depression and anxiety in Taiwan

Author

Wei-Lieh Huang, Shu-Sen Chang, Shang-Chi Wu, and Shih-Cheng Liao

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, General Medicine, General Psychology
Abstract

The nationwide prevalence of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) has not yet been investigated in Asia. SSD is often comorbid with depression and anxiety, and the effects of these conditions on medical utilization await clarification. We hence performed a study in Taiwan to explore these issues.Using telephone-based sampling and interview, we obtained data for 3161 participants whose age, gender and living area were compatible with the Taiwan population. We gathered scores of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), Health Anxiety Questionnaire (HAQ) and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). Individuals with a PHQ-15 score of at least 4 and a HAQ score of at least 17 were considered to have SSD. Descriptive statistics were used to clarify the prevalence and normative data of the questionnaires. We used multiple logistic regression analyses to investigate the relation between diagnoses and medical utilization.The prevalence of SSD was 5.00% and women had a higher SSD prevalence than men; participants aged 40-49 years had the highest SSD prevalence. In SSD patients, 33.58% had depression or anxiety. After correcting for demographics, SSD and anxiety (but not depression) were associated with a significantly high level of outpatient/emergency department attendance. Comorbid depression or anxiety did not significantly increase the medical utilization of SSD patients.The nationwide SSD prevalence in Taiwan is compatible with the description in the DSM-5. The comorbidity of SSD and depression/anxiety is common, but depression or anxiety does not significantly increase the SSD patients' medical utilization.

Published
2023

50. Risk for Suicidal Behavior Among Psoriasis Patients: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Author

Jui Wang, Pei-En Chen, Yu-Sheng Lin, Tao-Hsin Tung, Shu-Hui Wang, Shih-Cheng Liao, and Ching-Chi Chi

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Databases, Factual, Taiwan, Datasets as Topic, Subgroup analysis, Dermatology, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Psoriatic arthritis, 0302 clinical medicine, Psoriasis, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Incidence, Arthritis, Psoriatic, Hazard ratio, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Suicide, Concomitant, Female, business, Follow-Up Studies, Cohort study
Abstract

The link between psoriasis and suicidality remains elusive and understudied. The aim was to assess the risk of suicidal behavior in psoriasis patients. We used Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database to conduct a nationwide retrospective cohort study to examine the risk for suicidal behavior among psoriasis patients. We performed subgroup analyses based on the severity of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. We included 169,909 psoriasis patients (including 13,959 with concomitant psoriatic arthritis and 155,950 with psoriasis alone) and 169,909 matched nonpsoriasis controls. Suicidal behavior occurred in 104 and 89 subjects in the psoriasis group and nonpsoriasis controls, respectively; we found no significantly increased risk for suicidal behavior among psoriasis patients when compared to nonpsoriasis controls [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88‒1.55]. The subgroup analysis showed no significantly increased risk for suicidal behavior in both the severe psoriasis group (adjusted HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.51–1.64) and the mild psoriasis group (adjusted HR 1.26, 95% CI 0.91‒1.75) when compared to nonpsoriasis controls. Also, we found no significant increased risk for suicidal behavior in the group of psoriasis patients who also had psoriatic arthritis (adjusted HR 2.00, 95% CI 0.68‒5.85) and in the group of patients with psoriasis alone (adjusted HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.83‒1.50) when compared to nonpsoriasis controls. In a Taiwanese setting, no link between psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis and suicidal behavior was detected.

Published
2019

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results