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This study presents a new species of free-living marine nematode, Ptycholaimellus luoyang sp. nov., from mangrove wetlands in China. The identification was confirmed by analyzing morphological characteristics and three genes: COI, 18S rDNA, and 28S rDNA. This species is distinguished from allied species by its short cephalic setae, cylindrical pharynx with anterior swelling, sclerotized transverse ridges occurring near the dorsal tooth, rod-like gubernaculum and proximal, arch-like, slightly waved, middle curved, and distally pointed spicules. The Bayesian topology was regarded as morphological evidence of P. luoyang sp. nov. being a distinct species. Interspecific and intrageneric thresholds of the K2P distance divergence have been presented here for the first time.

Galilia petricola Komai & Tsuchida, 2014 (Figs. 1 B, 3) Material examined. Southern Taiwan: 1 male, 25.4 �� 28.2 mm, NTOU ���DW 4095, TAIWAN 2013 stn DW4095, 21o 13.20 ���N, 121 o 33.75 ���E, 517���573 m, coll. T.-Y. Chan, 29 May 2013. Diagnosis. Carapace round, regions well defined; numerous large tubercles on hepatic and branchial regions. G 1 slender, distal one-third U-shaped, curving towards median line of abdominal sternum (Figs. 3 A, B). G 2 short (Figs. 3 C, D), distally slender, spatuliform (Fig. 3 E). Remarks. The genus comprises two species: G. narusei Ng & Richer de Forges, 2007 (type species), and G. petricola Komai & Tsuchida, 2014 (Ng & Richer de Forges 2007; Ng et al. 2008; Komai & Tsuchida 2014). The latter was described from Nikko Seamount, Japan, on the basis of four specimens (Komai & Tsuchida 2014). The present record, besides being the largest of the known specimens, extends its range westwards. Komai & Tsuchida (2014) noted that G. petricola differs from G. narusei in the prominence of tubercles on the dorsal surface of the carapace, and the shape of G 1, bent at approximately 70 �� angle and distally stouter (Fig. 3), rather than 90 �� angle and slimmer in G. narusei. The latter character is obvious in the large Taiwanese specimen (cf. Ng & Richer de Forges 2007: figs. 4 G, H). The degree and extent of tuberculation on the carapace, however, may be less useful as a diagnostic character. The Taiwanese specimen differs from the Japanese material in having more than 20 large tubercles on the branchial region (16���17 small tubercles according to Komai & Tsuchida 2014: 301), and as such, resembles that reported in G. narusei (cf. Ng & Richer de Forges 2007: fig. 2). This character therefore does seem to vary and/or associated with size. The gastric and cardiac regions of the Taiwanese specimen are also proportionately less swollen and the tubercles on the intestinal region relatively sharper (Fig. 1 B). Although the general shape of the G 1 of the present Taiwanese specimen agrees with the type from Japan, the former structure is relatively more slender and distinctly U-shaped (gradually tapering distally towards the terminal pore and more C-shaped in the type, cf. Komai & Tsuchida, 2014: figs. 21 C, D). These differences we regard as intraspecific. Clearly more specimens are needed to better understand the degree of variation in these species., Published as part of Shih, Yi-Jia, Ho, Ping-Ho & Chan, Tin-Yam, 2015, Leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Taiwan, with three new records, pp. 127-134 in Zootaxa 4052 (1) on pages 129-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/245057, {"references":["Komai, T. & Tsuchida, S. (2014) Deep-sea decapod crustaceans (Caridea, Polychelida, Anomura and Brachyura) collected from the Nikko Seamount, Mariana Arc, using a remotely operated vehicle \" Hyper-Dolphin \". Zootaxa, 3764 (3), 279 - 316. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3764.3.3","Ng, P. K. L. & Richer de Forges, B. (2007) A new genus and new species of leucosiid crab from New Caledonia, with a note on the validity of Tanaoa serenei (Richer de Forges, 1983) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Zootaxa, 1662, 15 - 24."]}

Shih, Yi-Jia, Ho, Ping-Ho, Chan, Tin-Yam (2015): Leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Taiwan, with three new records. Zootaxa 4052 (1): 127-134, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.1.7

Ebalia nudipes Sakai, 1963 (Figs. 1 A, 2) Material examined. Southwestern Taiwan: 1 male, 11.8 �� 12.1 mm, ZRC 2015.277, TAIWAN 2000 stn CP35, 22o01.8���N, 120 o 36.5 ���E, 228 ��� 222 m, coll. T.-Y. Chan, 31 Jul. 2000. Diagnosis. Carapace subrhombus, globular, naked, slightly longer than broad; surface finely granulate; regions well defined, separated by grooves; front slightly bilobed; 3 tubercles on gastro-cardiac region; numerous tubercles on branchial region, arranged circle; hepatic, branchial, intestinal regions prominently swollen; middle of anterolateral margin present a small tubercle; posterior margin bilobed. Eyes small; antennule large, folded in fossa; antennular flagella very small. Third maxilliped finely granulate; exopod slightly shorter than endopod; merus of endopod curved, subtriangular, shorter than ischium. Chelipeds subequal, stout, finely granulate; chelipeds merus trigonal; carpus, palm rounded, swollen; fingers upcurved, as long as palm. Pereiopods slender, short, finely granulate except for dactylus; dactylus tomentose. Male abdominal somites 3-6 fused. G 1 slender, margin with few setae, distal part slightly curving, tip relatively broad, with small inner terminal pore. G 2 much shorten than G 1, slender, flat, flexible, swollen in the middle. (Fig. 2). Remarks. The species is known from two specimens collected in Tosa Bay and Irozaka, Japan (Yokoya 1933 [as E. jordani]; Sakai 1963, 1976). It differs from E. jordani Rathbun, 1906, collected in Hawaii, in its nude carapace, placement of tubercles on dorsal surface of carapace, and its barely bilobed frontal margin. The characters of the present specimen agree very well with the detailed description and figures by Sakai (1963, 1976) and we have no doubt they are conspecific. Sakai (1963: 216) observed that ���the first male pleopod is the best character for distinguishing the two species, the tip being thin and rather broad���. G 1 is figured here for the first time (Fig. 2). The present record was obtained from deeper water (222���228 m) than in Japan (100���187 m) (Yokoya 1933; Sakai 1963)., Published as part of Shih, Yi-Jia, Ho, Ping-Ho & Chan, Tin-Yam, 2015, Leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Taiwan, with three new records, pp. 127-134 in Zootaxa 4052 (1) on pages 127-128, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/245057, {"references":["Sakai, T. (1963) Description of two new genera and fourteen new species of Japanese crabs from the collection of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan. Crustaceana, 5 (3), 213 - 233. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854063 X 00147","Yokoya, Y. (1933) On the distribution of decapod crustaceans inhabiting the continental shelf around Japan, chiefly based upon the materials collected by S. S. Soyo-Maru, during the year 1923 - 1930. Journal of the College of Agriculture, 12 (1), 1 - 226.","Sakai, T. (1976) Crabs of Japan and the Adjacent Seas. Kodansha Ltd, Tokyo, 773 pp., 251 pls."]}

Myra fugax (Fabricius, 1798) (Figs. 1 D, 4 A, B) Material examined. YiLan County: Dasi. 1 female (ovig.), 26.8 �� 33.9 mm, NMNS (HPW00471), coll. J.-S. Wu, 26 Aug. 1994; 1 female, 31.6 �� 39.9 mm, NMNS ��� 19940923, coll. unknown, 23 Sep. 1994; 1 female, 27.5 �� 34.1 mm, NMNS ���L 19981214, coll. K.-C. Lee & H.-T. Huang, 14 Dec. 1998; 1 female (ovig.), 25.4 �� 32.2 mm, NMNS ��� L 19990414, coll. K.-C. Lee & H.-T. Huang, 14 Apr. 1999. Tainan City: Mashagou. 1 female, 17.8 �� 22.7 mm, NMNS (HPW00366), coll. S.-Y. Chen, 28 Jun. 1995. Kaohsiung City: 1 male, 31.3 �� 22.4mm, TMCD 002813, coll. K.-C. Hsia. Mituo. 2 females (1 ovig.), 18.8 �� 25.1 mm, 25.4 �� 32.6 mm, NTOU ���L 19930107, coll. J.-F. Huang, 7 Jan. 1993; 1 female (ovig.), 26.1 ��34.0 mm, NMNS (HPW00427), coll. T.-W. Lin, 13 Dec. 1994; 1 female, 22.0�� 28.8 mm, NMNS (HPW00609), coll. T.-W. Lin, 6 May 1995; 1 female, 25.0�� 35.7 mm, NMNS (HPW 19960304), coll. P.-W. Hsueh, 4 Mar. 1996. Jhongyun. 1 female, 17.7 �� 22.9 mm, NMNS (HPW00428), coll. M.-R. Wang, 12 Sep. 1994; 1 female, 27.2 �� 34.9 mm, 1 male, 19.4 ��25.0 mm, NMNS (HPW00652), coll. M.-R. Wang, 20 May 1995; 2 females, 24.4 �� 32.2 mm, 25.2 �� 34.1 mm, NMNS ���L 20000224, coll. M.-R. Wang, 24 Feb. 2000; 2 males, 25.0��33.0 mm, 29.9 ��39.0 mm, NMNS ���L 20000323, coll. M.-R. Wang, 23 Mar. 2000; 5 males, 26.4 ��36.0��� 28.3 �� 37.1 mm, 4 females (2 ovig.), 27.0�� 34.9 ���32.0�� 42.7 mm, NMNS ���L 20000529, coll. M.-R. Wang, 29 May. 2000; 2 females (2 ovig.), 31.4 �� 39.2 mm, 38.3 �� 46.2 mm, NMNS ���L20010426, 10��� 40 m, coll. M.-R. Wang, 26 Apr. 2001; 4 males, 25.5 �� 34.9 ���26.0�� 34.9 mm, 2 females (ovig.), 26.1 �� 34.4 mm, 26.6 �� 36.3 mm, NMNS (CSM 20010703), coll. M.-R. Wang, 3 Jul. 2001; 3 females (ovig.), 26.1 ��35.0��� 26.7 �� 36.3 mm, NMNS ���L 20010808, coll. M.-R. Wang, 8 Aug. 2001; 3 males, 30.1 �� 39.4 ��� 32.9 �� 41.1 mm, 2 females (2 ovig.), 27.6 �� 35.9 mm, 33.4 �� 41.4 mm, NMNS ���L 20030724, coll. M.-R. Wang, 24 Jul. 2003; 1 male, 26.6 �� 35.9 mm, NMNS ���L 20031030, coll. M.-R. Wang, 30 Oct. 2003. Keziliao. 1 male, 26.2 �� 35.7 mm, NTOU ���L 20140424, coll. Y.-J. Shih, 24 Apr. 2014. Comparative material. Myra celeris. YiLan County: 1 male, 31.2 �� 40.1 mm, NTOU ���L 19850316, coll. J.-F. Huang, 16 Mar. 1985; 1 male, 26.2 �� 33.8 mm, NTOU ���L 19910305, coll. J.-F. Huang, 0 5 Mar. 1991. Dasi. 3 males (1 juvenile), 20.5 �� 26.68���28.8 �� 32.2 mm, 1 female, 18.9 �� 20.9 mm, NTOU ���L 19921024, coll. J.-F. Huang, 24 Oct. 1992; 1 male, 26.7 �� 35.2 mm, NTOU ���L 19970821, coll. S.-H. Wu, 21 Aug. 1997; 1 male, 29.6 �� 38.7 mm, NTOU ��� L 19971002, coll. S.-H. Wu, 2 Oct. 1997; 1 male, 28.3 �� 37.9 mm, NMNS ���L 19980316, coll. H.-T. Hung, 16 Mar. 1998; 2 males, 18.2 �� 23.1���27.9 �� 36.2 mm, 1 female, 17.0�� 21.5 mm, NTOU ���L 20090616, coll. W.-J. Huang, 16 Jun. 2009; 1 male, 20.3 �� 26.6 mm, NTOU ���L 20110831, coll. W.-J. Huang, 31 Aug. 2011. Kaohsiung City: Mituo. 1 female, 26.1 �� 34.2 mm, NTOU ���L 19880403, coll. J.-F. Huang, 0 3 Apr. 1988. Jhongyun. 1 male, 27.2 �� 35.5 mm, NMNS ���L 20010426, coll. M.-R. Wang, 26 Apr. 2001. Pingtung City: Tungkang. 1 male, 32.4 ��42.0 mm, TMCD 000415, coll. J.-Y. Wei, 14 Dec. 1967. Taitung City: 1 female, 26.4 �� 34.9 mm, NTOU ���L 19911011, coll. J.-F. Huang, 11 Oct. 1991. Myra biconica. Tainan City: 1 male, 23.1 ��33.0mm, TMCD 000418, coll. J.-Y. Wei, 18 Dec. 1967; 1 female, 24.7 �� 31.4 mm, TMCD 000419, coll. J.-Y. Wei, 18 Dec. 1967. Kaohsiung City: 1 male, 37.7 �� 46.5 mm, TMCD 000416, coll. J.-Y. Wei, 15 Oct. 1974; 1 female, 37.9 �� 47.8 mm, TMCD 000417, coll. J.-Y. Wei, 15 Oct. 1974. Mituo. 1 female, 19.3 �� 25.5 mm, NTOU ���L 19920130, coll. J.-F. Huang, 30 Jan. 1992; 1 male, 25.5 �� 32.7 mm, 1 female, 18.9 �� 24.4 mm, NTOU ���L 19930107, coll. J.-F. Huang, 0 7 Jan. 1993. Jhongyun. 1 female, 23.3 �� 31.3 mm, NMNS ���L 20020718, coll. M.-R. Wang, 18 Jul. 2002. Keziliao. 2 females, 25.1 �� 32.1 mm, 25.5 �� 32.8 mm, NTOU ��� 20140611, coll. Y.-J. Shih, 11 Jun. 2014. Dalinpu. 1 female, 32.4 �� 40.4 mm, NMMBCDA 196, coll. P.-H. Ho, 0 7 Sep. 2002. Pingtung City: Tungkang. 1 male, 17.2 �� 22.2 mm, 1 female, 25.9 �� 33.3 mm, NMMBCDA 688, coll. S.- C. Chuang, 22 Sep. 2004; 2 males, 18.7 �� 20.1���23.4 �� 32.2 mm, 1 female, 17.7 �� 23.3 mm, NMMBCDA 697, coll. S.- C. Chuang, 23 Sep. 2004; 1 female, 12.5 �� 18.4 mm, NMMBCDA 794, coll. S.-C. Chuang, 23 Sep. 2004. Remarks. Crabs of the genus Myra are common in Taiwan and M. fugax has already been reported from Taiwan (Lin 1949; Chang 1963; Wang & Chen 1981; Dai et al. 1986; Dai & Yang 1991; Huang 1994; Jeng et al. 1998; Ng et al. 2001). However, the only Taiwanese specimens available to Galil (2001) were M. celeris Galil, 2001 (NTOU ���L 19921024). We examined most of the available material and confirm that three species are present: M. celeris, M. biconica Ihle, 1918, and M. fugax. Myra celeris is widely distributed in Taiwan except in the eastern part, whereas M. fugax and M. biconica are mainly found in southern Taiwan, but the former can sometimes be found in northeastern Taiwan, its distribution overlapping with M. celeris. Myra biconica is less common and found in southern Taiwan only (Ng et al. 2001). As M. biconica may be confused with M. digitata Galil, 2004, we re-examined the specimens from Taiwan and confirm they are indeed M. biconica. Galil (2001, 2004) utilized the form of G 1 to differentiate species of Myra. Carapace and cheliped characters of the three species from Taiwan can nevertheless be used in most cases to identify adult specimens, regardless of sex, Myra celeris is easily distinguished from the other species in having fingers that are about half as long as the palm (Fig. 4 C), whereas in M. fugax and M. biconica the fingers almost equal the length of the palm (Figs. 4 A, 4 E). The median posterior carapace spine in M. fugax is distinctly longer than in M. biconica (Figs. 4 B, 4 F), whereas in M. celeris, while it is long, is more acute (Fig. 4 D). Juveniles of these three species are difficult to identify., Published as part of Shih, Yi-Jia, Ho, Ping-Ho & Chan, Tin-Yam, 2015, Leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Taiwan, with three new records, pp. 127-134 in Zootaxa 4052 (1) on pages 131-133, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/245057, {"references":["Lin, C. - C. (1949) A catalogue of brachyurous Crustacea of Taiwan. Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum, 2 (1), 10 - 33.","Chang, C. - M. (1963) A check-list of Taiwan crabs with descriptions of 19 new records. Tunghai Journal, 5 (2), 95 - 118, figs. 1 - 4, pls. 1 - 2.","Wang, C. - H. & Chen, C. - W. (1981) The list of brachyurous collections at Taiwan Museum (I). Annual of Taiwan Museum, 24, 149 - 156. [in Chinese]","Dai, A. - Y., Yang, S. - L., Song, Y. - Z. & Chen, G. - X. (1986) Crabs of the China Seas. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 568 pp., 74 pls. [in Chinese]","Dai, A. - Y. & Yang, S. - L (1991) Crabs of the China Seas. China Ocean Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 21 + 608 pp.","Huang, Z. - G. (1994) Brachyura. In: Marine species and their distributions in China's Seas. Department of Ocean Management and Monitoring State Oceanic Administration, China Ocean Press, Beijing, pp. 576 - 600. [in Chinese]","Jeng, M. - S., Shao, K. - T., Tzeng, C. - S., Feng, F. - L. & Wu, S. - H. (1998) Survey and monitoring of natural ecological resources in the Northeast Coast National Scenic Area (IV). Northeast Coast National Scenic Area Administration, Bureau of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Taipei, 182 pp. [in Chinese]","Galil, B. S. (2001) A revision of the genus Arcania Leach, 1817 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Leucosioidea). Zoologische Mededelingen, 75, 169 - 205.","Galil, B. S. (2004) A new species of Myra Leach (Crustacea: Decapoda: Leucosiidae) from Timor Sea and South China Sea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 52 (1), 215 - 217."]}