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ObjectiveMethodResultsConclusionsTo determine whether a person’s circadian rhythm produces peak alertness time and how this affects nutritional status and sleep quality (SQ).This study involved 65 shift (SW) and 85 fixed workers (FW) (18–55 years). Chronotypes were determined using Morning-Evening Questionnaire (MEQ). SQ was measured using Pittsburgh SQ Index (PSQI). eating behaviors were evaluated using Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21) and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and mental health was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21).Most women in FW had a morning chronotype (47.5%, pWomen = 0.011), whereas 70.8% of SW had an intermediate chronotype (pTotal = 0.004). SW had poorer SQ compared to FW (pTotal = 0.013). Regression analysis showed that chronotype, DASS score, and egg consumption frequency were significant predictors of SQ.(R2 = 0.217, p < 0.001).Work patterns significantly impact circadian rhythms, nutritional status, and SQ. SW are more likely to have intermediate chronotypes and poorer SQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular signals exhibit self-similarity characteristics, which are influenced by changes in autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation caused by shift work. This study aims to assess the self-similarity properties of inter-beat interval (IBI) in healthy female shift workers and non-shift workers in different sleep stages to detect alterations in heartbeat fluctuations due to shift work. Short- and long-term self-similarity properties of the IBI signal (α1 and α2 scaling exponents, respectively) were analyzed using Detrended Fluctuation Analysis. Time and frequency indices were also calculated. In addition, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to reduce dimensionality and evaluate group separability based on the obtained features. Most indices showed similar values in the different sleep stages for both groups, but α1 during light sleep and sympathovagal balance during REM sleep showed a significant decrease in shift workers compared to non-shift workers (p<0.016). In addition, PCA was able to separate shift workers from non-shift workers and differentiate between nighttime and daytime sleep of workers. This analysis aids in identifying cardiovascular impairment associated with shift work and suggests a loss of ANS self-similarity in shift workers, indicating reduced adaptive capacity. Such alterations in ANS behavior could lead to serious health consequences related to cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study seeks to elucidate the concept of shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) among nurses, thereby offering a comprehensive understanding that can inform future research and practical interventions. Methods: Walker and Avant's concept analysis method was employed to guide the study. A systematic literature review was conducted utilizing various databases, including PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and Sino Med. The inclusion criteria were specifically designed to focus on studies that define SWSD, along with its attributes, antecedents, consequences, and assessment tools relevant to nursing professionals. Results: The analysis identified four key attributes of SWSD: internal/external circadian rhythm imbalance, impaired sleep, multidimensional health problems, and dynamic changes in symptoms. Antecedents include individual factors like personal health, lifestyle, family support, shift patterns, work environment, and other organizational factors. Consequences of SWSD encompass physiological health issues, mental health challenges, impaired social adaptability, and decreased nursing performance. Conclusion: SWSD has a significant impact on the health and performance of nurses. Understanding its attributes, antecedents, and consequences is crucial for developing targeted interventions. Enhancing sleep hygiene, fostering supportive work environments, and implementing appropriate shift scheduling can help mitigate the adverse effects associated with SWSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is to examine the relationship between chronotype characteristics and job satisfaction and life satisfaction of shift-working health professionals. The study was conducted with 402 shift-working health professionals in a descriptive study design. The Introductory Characteristics Form, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ)(chronotype), Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale, and Life Satisfaction Scale were used to collect the research data. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 27 package program. The participants' MEQ average was determined as 50.95 ± 7.92, job satisfaction as 2.94 ± 0.71, and life satisfaction as 19.37 ± 7.74. As a result of this study, while a positive relationship was determined between chronotype and job satisfaction, it was determined that there was no relationship between chronotype and life satisfaction. When the chronotype averages are categorized and the changes are examined according to the life satisfaction averages, it is seen that the life satisfaction of morning people is higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/hypothesis: Night-shift work causes circadian misalignment and impairs glucose metabolism. We hypothesise that food intake during night shifts may contribute to this phenomenon. Methods: This open-label, multi-arm, single-site, parallel-group controlled trial involved a 6 day stay at the University of South Australia's sleep laboratory (Adelaide, SA, Australia). Healthy, non-shift-working adults without obesity (N=55; age 24.5 ± 4.8 years; BMI 24.8 ± 2.8 kg/m2) were assigned to the next available run date and cluster randomised (1:1:1) to fasting-at-night (N=20), snack-at-night (N=17), or meal-at-night (N=18) conditions. One participant withdrew from each group, prior to starting the study. Due to study design, neither participants nor people collecting their measurements could be blinded. Statistical and laboratory staff were concealed to study allocation. Participants were fed at calculated energy balance, with the macronutrient composition of meals being similar across conditions. The primary outcomes were a linear mixed-effects model of glucose, insulin and NEFA AUC in response to a 75 g OGTT that was conducted prior to and after 4 consecutive nights of shift work plus 1 night of recovery sleep. Insulin sensitivity, insulinogenic and disposition indexes were also calculated. Results: Night-shift work impaired insulin sensitivity, as measured by insulin AUC (p=0.035) and the insulin sensitivity index (p=0.016) across all conditions. Insulin secretion, as measured by the insulinogenic index, was increased in the fasting-at-night condition only (p=0.030), resulting in a day×condition interaction in glucose AUC (p<0.001) such that glucose tolerance was impaired in the meal-at night (+2.00 [95% CI 1.45, 2.56], p<0.001) and snack at-night (+0.96 [0.36, 1.56], p=0.022) conditions vs the fasting-at-night (+0.34 [–0.21, 0.89]) condition. A day×condition interaction was also observed in NEFA AUC (p<0.001), being higher in the meal-at-night (+0.07 [0.03, 0.10]. p=0.001) and snack-at-night (0.01 [–0.03, 0.05], p=0.045) conditions vs the fasting-at-night condition (–0.02 [–0.06, 0.01]). No adverse events occurred. Conclusions/interpretation: The timing of food intake has a critical effect on glucose metabolism during simulated night-shift work, which was readily amendable to a meal re-timing intervention. Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12616001556437 Funding: This work was funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), APP1099077. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating prevalence of shift work among female intern nurses in China necessitates a nuanced exploration of its impact on fatigue and insomnia symptoms. While prior studies acknowledge the coexistence of these distresses in shift workers, a detailed understanding of their inter-connectedness at the symptom level is lacking. This study delves into the network dynamics of fatigue and insomnia symptoms, aiming to unravel the changes before and after the initial shift work transition among female intern nurses. Through three waves of surveys conducted at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-transition, we employed the 11-item Chalder Fatigue Scales for fatigue assessment and three items aligned with the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders for insomnia evaluation. Network analysis was conducted to estimate centrality and bridge centrality, comparing network properties before and after the shift work transition. Notably, "Difficulty starting things," "Difficulty maintaining sleep," and "Sleepy or drowsy" emerged as central symptoms with higher centrality indices post-transition, exhibiting significant differences compared to the pre-shift work period. The gradual strengthening of the global fatigue-insomnia network further underscores the evolving dynamics following the transition to shift work. This study accentuates the pivotal role of these three symptoms in activating or being activated within the fatigue-insomnia network among female intern nurses post-shift work transition. Consequently, we propose the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies to alleviate fatigue and insomnia symptoms in female intern nurses navigating their first-time shift work experience from a network perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Summary Shift work can cause circadian misalignment, which often results in sleeping problems and has been associated with immune dysfunction. To better understand the impact of shift work on a primary immune response to vaccination, we compared severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐specific humoral and cellular immune responses after one injection of the messenger RNA (mRNA)‐1273 vaccine between day workers (n = 24) and night shift workers (n = 21). In addition, duration and quality of sleep were assessed for a period of 7 days around the time of vaccination using actigraphy and daily sleep diaries, and their relationship with immunogenicity of mRNA‐1273 vaccination was studied. We found that median total sleep time on the 2 days immediately after vaccination, which coincided with the days that night shift workers worked night shifts, was significantly lower in night shift workers (342 and 318 min) than day workers (431 and 415 min) (both p < 0.001). There was no difference in sleep quality between day workers and night shift workers. Furthermore, no difference in the antibody response between the two groups was observed, yet night shift workers had a significantly higher virus‐specific T‐cell response than day workers 28 days after immunisation (p = 0.013). Multivariate regression analysis showed no association between sleep duration, sleep quality and SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific humoral or cellular immune responses. Collectively, these findings indicate that shift work‐induced sleep loss and night shift work have little to no effect on the primary immune response to mRNA‐based COVID‐19 vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical inactivity may exacerbate the adverse health effects associated with shift work. We investigated the association of shift work with leisure-time physical inactivity (LTPI). A cross-sectional analysis included 33 983 adults from National Health Interview Survey who self-reported their work schedule and leisure-time physical activity. Participants were classified in to two groups as either (a) inactive or (b) insufficiently/sufficiently. Prevalence ratios were derived using SUDAAN. Analyses were stratified by sex. In this sample of U.S. workers, 27% were shift workers, 26% were physically inactive, and 47% did not meet recommended levels of leisure-time physical activity. Inactivity level was 23% higher in women than in men among shift workers but did not differ by sex among daytime workers (PR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.96–1.07). Evening or night work was associated with higher LTPI among women but not men. LTPI was 17% higher in women working the night shift, and 24% higher in those on the evening shift compared to those working the daytime shift. These findings suggest that shift work may contribute to increased LTPI, with effects that may be particularly pronounced in women. Interventions addressing LTPI among shift workers may help mitigate the adverse health effects that have been linked to shift work in prior studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Methods Results Conclusion Military Police officers of Rio de Janeiro's State have been considered the most lethal security forces in Brazil, corresponding to 52.35% of deaths in policing actions. The main aim of this study was to identify occupational stress among military police officers in Rio de Janeiro State and its relationship with the psychosocial environment, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness.Two hundred and forty‐two military policemen, divided into two groups (elite and non‐elite), were evaluated occupational stress by the Lipp's Stress Symptoms Inventory (LSSI), daytime sleepiness (DS) by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and sleep quality (SQ) by the Pitsburgh Sleep Quality Index.Military police officers (entire sample) showed dissatisfaction related to psychological support from the military institution (p = 0.004), about the inefficiency of the judicial system (p < 0.001) and their low popularity towards society (p = 0.009). The group of elite police officers slept significantly less (p = 0.026) and, in general, suffered more from severe daytime sleepiness, had poorer SQ and showed lower levels of occupational stress than their peers. It was possible to identify that stress can be detected, developed, and intensified in military police officers as a result of the environment in which they are exposed and this interferes significantly in sleep and daytime sleepiness (p < 0.05).Through this study, it is hoped that measures can be implemented to enhance the work environment and thereby improve the quality of life for this military population. Furthermore, it is intended to stimulate more comprehensive and longitudinal studies, particularly inclusive of female military personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Shift work is associated with an increased risk of liver injury. However, whether and how shift work alters liver function remains unclear. Aims This study aimed to investigate the associations between shift work and the liver function parameters, and further explore the mediating roles of thyroid function indicators. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving a convenience sample of 724 subway workers. Multivariate linear regression models were adopted to approximate the effect values for the associations of shift work with liver function parameters and thyroid function indicators. Mediation analyses were used to explore the roles of thyroid function indicators in the association between shift work and liver function parameters. Results Shift work was associated with increased levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total triiodothyronine (TT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) (β  = 6.309, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.739–9.879, β  = 0.328, 95% CI 0.242–0.415 and β  = 2.913, 95% CI 1.502–2.884, respectively). In stratification analysis, the positive association between shift work and TT3, FT3 and FT4 was more pronounced among people >30 years old. The increase in shift worker FT3 and aspartate transaminase levels was stronger among alcohol users. Mediation analysis showed that TT3 and FT4 mediated 39% and 29% of the associations between shift work and the increased level of ALP, respectively (all P  < 0.05). Conclusions The results suggest that shift work is associated with increased ALP levels of subway workers, which is partly mediated by the increase of TT3 and FT4 levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the quality and duration of sleep among shift-working nurses. In this cross-sectional survey, nurses from eight units across two tertiary hospitals in South Korea's capital region participated. We collected data on sleep quality and duration from 117 nurses. We used the Mann-Whitney test, analysis of variance, or the Kruskal-Wallis test to analyze differences in sleep quality and duration across different shifts. The nurses generally reported low sleep quality, with sleep disturbances being the most common issue. The worst subjective sleep quality was associated with the night shift, while the shortest sleep duration was reported for the day shift. Nurses working two consecutive night shifts reported the poorest sleep quality and shortest sleep duration. The quality and duration of sleep for shift-working nurses varied depending on the shift type. There were also differences based on the arrangement of multiple consecutive shifts. The findings of this study suggest that planning for nurses' shift work should consider sleep quality and duration. Specifically, nurses working the night shift reported poor sleep quality and duration, indicating a need for strategies to ensure they get sufficient rest after their shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circadian rhythm-related individual differences such as chronotypes (morningness/eveningness) are associated with mental health though not elucidated in circadian-disrupted populations such as flight attendants. International flight attendants (n = 288) aged 21 to 55 (70.8% female, 76.4% white) completed an online survey assessing chronotypes, attachment, depression, and anxiety to investigate the associations between these variables. Results showed a prevalence of intermediate (41.6%) and evening types (40.6%). Evening chronotype was associated with and significantly predicted depression but not anxiety. Individuals who scored higher in attachment anxiety or avoidance had higher levels of depression and anxiety. Exploratory mediation showed that attachment avoidance partially mediated the relationship between anxiety and depression. Overall, chronotypes and attachment are implied as transdiagnostic factors for mental health outcomes and highlighted using a Chrono-Attachment Health Model. Further research is needed to confirm these findings among flight attendants and shift workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Models of shift work and health suggest that individual differences in circadian rhythm characteristics may moderate the relationship between night shift work and injury, but this argument has not been directly tested. In this study, we tested the efficacy of two circadian rhythm characteristics—vigour and flexibility—as moderators of the path between shift work and injury. In addition, we aimed to replicate the association between vigour, flexibility, and alertness by time of day, and the measurement properties of the Circadian Type Inventory. We recruited 401 healthcare workers from Australia and Great Britain. After controlling for confounding variables, the results showed that vigour moderated the association between shift work and injury. Participants with values of vigour at the mean (β = 0.5120, p < 0.0013, 95% CI = [0.2018, 0.8223) and one standard deviation below the mean (β = 0.9048, p < 0.0001, 95% CI = [0.4648, 1.3447] reported significantly more injuries. No moderation was found for flexibility. Significant differences in alertness by time of day were observed in participants with higher levels of vigour compared to lower levels of vigour. No differences in alertness were observed for the flexibility scale. These results indicate that vigour may be a robust indicator of shift work tolerance. We replicated the posited two-factor structure of the Circadian Type Inventory, found the scales to have good reliability, and established for the first time, criterion-related validity for the vigour scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine night working conditions by shift work type and identify the effects of night working conditions on nurses' perceptions of shift work safety and health effects. Background: Night work is the main factor affecting nurses' health. However, the safety of night working conditions has not been sufficiently examined in previous studies. Methods: This study used a cross‐sectional research design and an online survey using a tool released by the Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, and the responses of 348 shift work nurses in Korea were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effects of shift work conditions on the perceived safety of night work and health effects. The STROBE reporting guidelines were utilized, and data were collected from December 1 to December 31, 2021. Results: The adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that perceived threat to safety and the health effects of shift work were not significant according to shift type. However, night‐shift‐work nurses who worked alone (P = 0.003), lacked an emergency recovery system (P = 0.026), and had difficulty commuting perceived a threat to their health (P = 0.007). Additionally, nurses who experienced loss of concentration (P = 0.006) and inadequate rest time (P < 0.001) perceived the health effects of shift work. Discussion: Urgent monitoring of night work conditions is necessary for the 2‐shift work type. Nurses must work night shifts together and an emergency system should be established for their safety. Conclusion: Night work conditions should be improved to prevent the hazards of night work and its negative health effects on nurses. Implications for nursing and health policy: This study suggests the necessity of a policy to enhance night work safety, including emergency coping systems and sufficient inter‐shift rest time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective was to study the effect of serial night shifts on the cognitive, psychomotor, and moral performance of emergency medicine residents of an academic Emergency Medicine Department. Methods: This prospective case‐crossover study compared emergency medicine residents' sleep time, subjective sleepiness, cognitive function, moral judgment, and psychomotor skills after 5 consecutive days versus night shifts using sleep diaries, activity monitors, and multiple performance tests. Paired t‐tests and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were used to analyze data based on normality. Correlation analysis was done using Spearman's correlation test. Subgroup analysis was also performed to find any difference based on gender and year of residency. Results: Twenty‐seven emergency medicine residents participated (13 males, 48.1%). The distribution across residency years was as follows: 44.4% in their first year, 25.9% in their second year, and 29.6% in their third year. Following five consecutive night shifts, total sleep duration decreased significantly from 338.1 ± 67.8 to 307.4 ± 71.0 min (p < 0.001), while subjective sleepiness scores increased from 9.6 ± 3.3 to 13.6 ± 4.6. Psychomotor performance and reaction times did not significantly differ between night and day shifts. However, working memory declined, assessed by self‐paced three‐back test scores (median [IQR] 517.1 [471.9–546.7] vs. 457.6 [334.4–508.8]; p = 0.034) and interference test scores (445.5 ± 59.9 vs. 407.2 ± 56.8; p < 0.001), along with moral judgment (median [IQR] 19 [18–28] vs. 15 [11–21]; p = 0.010) after serial night shifts. No correlations existed between performance measures nor differences based on gender or residency year. Conclusions: Residents sleep less following night versus day shifts, reporting the highest sleepiness levels after 5 consecutive nights. Despite this, psychomotor performance and reaction times did not significantly differ. However, considerable reductions occurred in moral judgment, working memory, and interference test performance after serial night shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Shift work disrupts sleep–wake cycles and may lead to adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. This study examines the association between shift work and the risks of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and circadian syndrome (CircS) in U.S. workers. Methods: We analyzed data from 4173 participants aged 18 and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2005–2010. Shift work status was determined based on work hours, and MetS and CircS were defined using established criteria. Statistical analyses included weighted multivariate logistic regression models, weighted multivariate linear regression models, and inverse probability weighted propensity score matching to ensure accurate comparison between shift and nonshift workers. Results: The study found no significant association between shift work and the prevalence of MetS. However, shift workers exhibited a higher prevalence of CircS compared with nonshift workers. This association was more pronounced in specific subgroups, including those under 60 years of age and various ethnicities. The study highlights the heightened risk of CircS among shift workers, underscoring the potential impact of shift work on circadian rhythm disruptions. Conclusion: Shift work is associated with an increased risk of CircS but not MetS, according to NHANES 2005–2010 data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cognitive function, including moral decision-making abilities, can be impaired by sleep loss. Blue-enriched light interventions have been shown to ameliorate cognitive impairment during night work. This study investigated whether the quality of moral decision-making during simulated night work differed for night work in blue-enriched white light, compared to warm white light. Methods: Using a counterbalanced crossover design, three consecutive night shifts were performed in blue-enriched white light (7000K) and warm white light (2500K) provided by ceiling-mounted LED luminaires (photopic illuminance: ~200lx). At 03:30h on the second shift (i.e. twice) and at daytime (rested), the Defining Issues Test-2, assessing the activation of cognitive schemas depicting different levels of cognitive moral development, was administered. Data from 30 (10 males, average age 23.3±2.9 years) participants were analysed using linear mixed-effects models. Results: Activation of the post-conventional schema (P-score), that is, the most mature moral level, was significantly lower for night work in warm white light (EMM; estimated marginal mean = 44.3, 95% CI = 38.9-49.6; pholm=.007), but not blue-enriched white light (EMM = 47.5, 95% CI = 42.2-52.8), compared to daytime (EMM = 51.2, 95% CI = 45.9-56.5). Also, the P-score was reduced for night work overall (EMM = 45.9, 95% CI = 41.1-50.8; p=.008), that is, irrespective of light condition, compared to daytime. Neither activation of the maintaining norms schema (MN-score), that is, moderately developed moral level, nor activation of the personal interest schema (i.e. the lowest moral level) differed significantly between light conditions. The MN-score was however increased for night work overall (EMM = 26.8, 95% CI = 23.1-30.5; p=.033) compared to daytime (EMM = 23.1, 95% CI = 18.9-27.2). Conclusion: The results indicate that moral decisions during simulated night work in warm white light, but not blue-enriched white light, become less mature and principle-oriented, and more rule-based compared to daytime, hence blue-enriched white light may function as a moderator. Further studies are needed, and the findings should be tentatively considered. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03203538) Registered: 26/06/2017; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03203538 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shift work disrupts natural circadian rhythms, sleep-wake cycles, negatively impacting workers' psychosomatic health and overall quality of life. Even in peaceful conditions, the nature of military service significantly differs from the daily routines and work activities of civilian population with a number of notable and significant features. Military service is always performed under stressful conditions, characterized by frequent deviations from standard work schedules, workloads and disruptions to normal daily rhythms, especially due to shift work. These stress factors have a negative effect on the working ability and health of servicemen. Moreover, this impact increases as the duration of military service extends. This situation is exacerbated among servicemen on combat duty due to constant stress and psychological strain. Shift work is associated with sleep disturbances, depressive mood and anxiety, cognitive impairment, low quality of life and even suicidal thoughts, leading to increased safety risks. Shift work, sleep deprivation, and related fatigue endanger personal safety, task performance, and national security as well. Shift work, sleep deprivation and daily rhythm disruptions lead to metabolic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal system, mental, physical and functional cognitive disorders. Its impact on family and social life can result in psychological stress and psychosomatic disorders. Furthermore, it can negatively affect marital relations, fulfillment of parental responsibilities, and children's education. Published articles provide considerably more data on the impacts of shift work on civilian workers than it does on servicemen. Present study was conducted to demonstrate the detrimental effects of shift work on the psychosomatic health and life quality of workers with various professions, including military personnel. Various methods have been suggested to evaluate servicemen's suitability for work, to reduce professional errors, to ensure service safety and to mitigate the negative impact of shift work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the manufacturing industry, mass production enables manufacturers to produce parts with high precision and lower costs. Multiple shifts operate production processes to maximize efficiency. Several researches have been conducted on the impact of shift work on labor's health and habits. However, there have been few studies on the influence of shift work on the consistency of product quality. This paper provides a methodology to analyze the impact of different work shifts in a real electronic board manufacturing industry. The study uses big data and analytics to assess product quality from data. Non-parametric kernel density estimation is used to approximate the distribution of good products in each work slot. Then several metrics are used to measure the dissimilarity between the estimated densities. The approach can be leveraged in various problems related to process performance and quality. The obtained results show that there is no significant difference in terms of product quality between work shifts. These prove the consistency of the manufacturing processes and the homogeneity of performance across work shifts in the studied factory. Compared to the literature, the paper presents the first quantitative analysis to compare production process performance and product quality over shift works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the association of shift work and the risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with diabetes mellitus (DM), and the interaction effect of shift work and the risk for OSA on DM. Methods: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2019–2021 were used. The participants were 3012 employees aged 40 to 59 years. Shift work was assessed using self-reporting questionnaires. The risk for OSA was assessed by STOP-BANG score. The distribution of demographic factors was calculated using the chi-square test. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression. An interaction effect between shift work and the risk for OSA on DM was evaluated using relative excess risk owing to interaction (RERI) and attributable proportion (AP) with 95% CIs. The synergic index (SI) was also calculated. Results: Shift work and the risk for OSA were each significantly associated with DM. There was also a significant interaction effect between shift work and the risk for OSA on DM. The RERI was 0.543 (95% CI 0.205–1.361) and the AP was 0.230 (95% CI 0.145–0.342). The SI was 1.662 (95% CI 1.481–1.843). Conclusions: There was an association and a significant interaction effect of shift work and the risk for OSA on DM. The management of OSA in shift workers should be implemented to prevent DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circadian rhythm is critical to maintaining the whole‐body metabolic homeostasis of an organism. Chronic disruption of circadian rhythm by shift work is an important risk factor for metabolic diseases. Fibroblast growth factor 15/19 (FGF15/19), a key component in the liver–gut axis, potently suppresses bile acid (BA) synthesis and improves insulin sensitivity. FGF15/19 emerges as a novel pharmaceutical target for prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)‐dependent sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) deacetylase plays an important role in the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis by linking hepatic metabolism to circadian rhythm. Here, our clinical study identified that circadian rhythmicity and levels of plasma FGF19 and BA profiling, and cellular NAD+‐dependent SIRT1 signaling were disturbed in night shift (NS, n = 10) compared to day shift (DS, n = 12) nurses. Our in vitro data showed that recombinant FGF19 protein rescued cellular circadian rhythm disrupted by SIRT1 inhibitors. Furthermore, we determined the effect of FGF15 on circadian rhythm and hepatic metabolism in wild‐type (WT), Fgf15 knockout (KO), and Fgf15 transgenic (TG) mice. The expressions of circadian‐controlled genes (CCGs) involved in SIRT1 signaling, BA and lipid metabolism, and inflammation were disrupted in Fgf15 KO compared to WT and/or Fgf15 TG mice. Moreover, systemic FGF15 deficiency led to the circadian disturbance of NAD+‐dependent SIRT1 signaling and significant reduction during nighttime in mice. These findings suggest that FGF15/19 regulates the circadian energy metabolism, which warrants further studies as a putative prognostic biomarker and pharmaceutical target for preventing against metabolic diseases associated with chronic shift work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shift work, particularly night shifts, disrupts circadian rhythms and increases stroke risk. This manuscript explores the mechanisms connecting shift work with stroke, focusing on circadian rhythms, hypertension, and diabetes. The circadian system, controlled by different mechanisms including central and peripheral clock genes, suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), and pineal gland (through melatonin production), regulates body functions and responds to environmental signals. Disruptions in this system affect endothelial cells, leading to blood pressure issues. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is significantly associated with night shifts, with circadian disturbances affecting glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and hormone regulation. The manuscript examines the relationship between melatonin, insulin, and glucose balance, highlighting pathways that link T2DM to stroke risk. Additionally, dyslipidemia, particularly reduced HDL-c levels, results from shift work and contributes to stroke development. High lipid levels cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, increasing cerebrovascular risks. The manuscript details the effects of dyslipidemia on brain functions, including disruptions in blood flow, blood–brain barrier integrity, and neural cell death. This comprehensive analysis emphasizes the complex interplay of circadian disruption, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in increasing stroke risk among shift workers. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for developing targeted interventions to reduce stroke susceptibility and improve cerebrovascular health in this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Background Introduction Methods Results or findings Discussion Conclusion and implications for nursing and/or health policy This study aims to examine the influence of single and double‐shift work schedules on hand function and cognitive capacities, specifically working memory, attention, and response time in nurses.Shift work, particularly in extended formats, is known to affect various physical and cognitive functions critical to nursing duties. Understanding these impacts is vital for managing nurse schedules to minimize health risks and maximize performance.With an increase in demands on healthcare systems, nurses often endure prolonged working hours, which may impair their cognitive and manual abilities, thereby affecting patient care quality.This study involved 45 nurses aged 20–40 years from shift‐oriented units providing direct patient care. Hand function was assessed using the Nine‐Hole Peg Test (9‐HPT). Cognitive functions such as working memory, attention, and response time were evaluated using the digit span task and the Stroop test, respectively. Two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis, assessing the interactions of time and shift type, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.The results revealed significant changes in all tested variables between pre‐ and post‐shift assessments and between single and double‐shift conditions. Notably, the double‐shift work significantly exacerbated declines in all measured functions.These findings suggest that double shifts may intensify the deterioration of essential nursing skills, potentially compromising patient care.This study underscores the detrimental effects of extended shift work on nurses' cognitive and manual functions. These insights should guide healthcare institutions in revising nurse scheduling practices to safeguard their well‐being and maintain high standards of patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background We aimed to examine whether current and lifetime night shift work is associated with accelerated biological ageing and the potential role of body mass index (BMI) in mediating the association. Methods Data were sourced from the UK Biobank cohort. This study included participants who reported detailed information on their current work schedule and had complete data to calculate PhenoAge. The outcome of interest was biological ageing, measured by PhenoAge acceleration. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to test the relationship between night shift work and biological ageing. Mediation analyses were performed. Results Of the 182 064 participants included, the mean age was 52.6 years, and 51.1% were male. After adjustment for chronological age and sex, compared with day workers, shift workers without night shift, irregular night shift workers and permanent night shift workers were associated with 0.59-, 0.87- and 1.30-year increase in biological ageing, respectively (P for trend <.001). Considering the lifetime work schedule, participants who worked night shifts >10 years and participants who worked >8 night shifts each month showed increased biological age acceleration [>10 years: β = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29–0.79; >8 times/month: β = 0.29, 95% CI 0.07–0.50]. The mediation analysis showed that BMI mediated the associations between night shift work and biological age acceleration by 36%–53%. Conclusions We showed that night shift work was associated with accelerated biological ageing. Our findings highlight the interventions on appropriate shift work schedules and weight management in night shift workers, which may slow the biological ageing process and ultimately reduce the burden of age-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Shift work has been associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits and a higher prevalence of obesity, which negatively impacts the health of shift workers. The objective of our study was to examine the influence of shift work on obesity, as well as on sociodemographic variables, anthropometric measurements, and lifestyle habits in individuals working this type of schedule. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study involving 53,053 workers from various labour sectors across several Spanish autonomous communities was conducted. It included 31,753 men (17,527 of them working shifts) and 21,300 women (11,281 of them working shifts). The relationship between shift work and obesity was examined, as well as its association with sex, age, social class, education level, smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary behaviour, and unhealthy diet. Results: Obesity showed higher prevalence and mean values among shift workers across all four formulas used (BMI obesity, WtHR high, CUN BAE obesity, METS-VF high). All variables related to unhealthy lifestyle habits revealed a significantly greater prevalence among shift workers, with high statistical significance (p < 0.001). Age, sex, and social class affected the risk of obesity, with a greater prevalence observed in shift workers compared to non-shift workers (p < 0.001). Men had a higher risk than women, with an OR ranging from 1.17 (1.12–1.21) for BMI obesity to 7.45 (6.71–8.20) for METS-VF high. Conclusions: Shift workers exhibit a higher prevalence of obesity and unhealthy lifestyle habits, with men at greater risk. The variables that most significantly increase the risk of obesity include age, physical inactivity, low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and alcohol consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A negative association between cardiorespiratory fitness and measures of arterial stiffness is demonstrated in this study of 86 industrial workers. Because former results have shown increased pulse wave velocity in shift workers exceeding that of day workers, the present results present implications for shift workers' future macrovascular and microvascular health. Objective: Previously, we have found increased carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) among shift workers compared to day workers in industry, and a decline in maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) in all 86 workers. Methods: Utilizing all available measurements in 2018, 2021, and 2022, this study investigated associations between V̇O2max and measures of arterial stiffness. Using a mixed model approach, we analyzed the cross-sectional association between all V̇O2max (outcome) and measures of arterial stiffness (covariates). Results: We observed a significant association between V̇O2max and cfPWV of −1.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], −3.03 to −0.16), and between augmentation pressure (AP) and augmentation index (Aix) of −0.32 (95% CI, −0.58 to −0.06) and −0.12 (95% CI, –0.23 to −0.005), respectively. Conclusions: We found a significant negative association between cardiorespiratory fitness and measures of arterial stiffness. The former and present results pose challenges for shift workers' future macrovascular and microvascular health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes socio-demographic trends over the past sixty years in the northern territories of Western Siberia, specifically the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. The study spans from the initial development of mineral resources in the 1950s–1960s to the present day. These regions are distinctive not only for their climatic and ethnocultural characteristics but also for their unique socio-economic models of regional development. The active phase of resource exploitation led to substantial population growth and rapid urbanization in the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs, resulting in the establishment of over 20 new cities. However, since the 2000s, a gradual decline in oil and gas production has reversed these trends, causing a persistent outflow of population and reduced economic activity in many municipalities. The study identifies both commonalities and divergences in socio-demographic trends across the two regions. For instance, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, unlike the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, has experienced a gradual population increase, primarily driven by natural population growth and positive net migration. Meanwhile, both regions exhibit similar changes in the age and gender structure of their populations and a shift in settlement patterns between urban and rural areas. The findings highlight the need for further comprehensive analysis of socio-demographic trends, with particular attention to permanent residents, indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, and populations engaged in shift work. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of considering socio-cultural and climatic conditions in evaluating health indicators, as well as mortality and fertility rates.

OBJECTIVES: The association between occupational psychosocial factors and mental health has been studied in several systematic reviews. However, few systematic reviews exist that specifically address suicidal ideation. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the associations between long working hours, shift work, and suicidal ideation. METHODS: We systematically screened and collected studies published between January 1970 and September 2022 from three electronic databases and Google Scholar. We conducted a meta-analysis using a random-effects model and assessed the risk of bias using a navigation guide. Additionally, the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to consider five items, including the risk of bias and publication bias. RESULTS: Twenty-eight articles were included in this meta-analysis. After adjusting for covariates, the overall odds ratio (OR) for long working hours and shift work were 1.44 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–1.63] and 1.34 (95% CI 1.22–1.47), respectively. Compared with those who worked 55 hours per week had a 1.65 (95% CI 1.37–1.98) higher risk of suicidal ideation, and fixed night shift workers had 1.37 (95% CI 1.03–1.83) higher risk than non-shift workers. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence has shown associations between long working hours, shift work, and suicidal ideation. Implementing evidence-based interventions to address these risk factors may help prevent the progression of suicidal ideation. However, further studies are critically needed, especially those using standardized exposure definitions and longitudinal data.

Introduction: Shift work combined with the nature of duty in occupations such as nursing can lead to the spread of psychological consequences and disorders in nurses. The aim of this study was investigating the cognitive and psycho-social consequences associated with shift work in nurses. Material and Methods: This study was performed in 7 hospitals in 2023. The study population was 636 nurses. Data collection tool in this study was part of a comprehensive questionnaire that translated and modified by Choobineh et al. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software v. 22.0, and significance level in this study was considered 0.05. Results: Out of 636 studied nurses, 474 were shift workers and 162 were day workers. The means of age and work experience of the study population were 37.26±5.25 years and 11.60±4.78 years, respectively. The results showed that the prevalence of psychological consequences in the shift workers group was significantly more than day work nurses (p

Yanis Bouchou,1 Lorine Giffard-Quillon,2 Luc Fontana,2,3 Frédéric Roche,1 Carole Pélissier,2,3,&ast; Mathieu Berger1,4,&ast; 1Sainbiose, Inserm U1059, Service of Clinical Physiology, University Hospital and University Jean Monnet of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; 2Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France; 3Université de St Etienne, Université Lyon 1, Université Gustave Eiffel, UMRESTTE, UMR T9405, Saint-Etienne, France; 4Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), EA 7424, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Mathieu Berger, Sainbiose, DVH Team, Inserm U1059, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne and University of Saint-Etienne, Mines Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France, Tel +33 477829014, Email mathieuberger@outlook.comPurpose: To describe the sleep habits (bedtime hours, waking hours, sleep duration) and to assess the prevalence of sleep disturbances (acute and chronic insomnia, insufficient sleep, perceived sleep debt) among French healthcare workers.Participants and Methods: Nurses and assistant nurses working in public hospitals from the Loire department at different work schedules (2x12h, 2x8h, fixed daytime, fixed nighttime) were asked about their socioprofessional and demographic information, their sleep habits and disturbances during night shifts, and the acceptability of a 20-min nap opportunity.Results: A total of 297 healthcare workers completed the survey with 76% reporting a sleep debt with a lower prevalence for fixed nighttime workers (62%) and a higher prevalence for 2x12 h (84%) workers. The prevalence of acute insomnia was 76% with a significant difference between fixed nighttime (60%) and 2x12 h (82%); whereas the prevalence of chronic insomnia was 35% without any significant difference between working schedules. Moreover, 18% of healthcare workers reported excessive daytime sleepiness, while 13% admitted to using sleep medication at least once a week.Conclusion: French healthcare workers reported poor sleep quality with a high prevalence of sleep debt, acute and chronic insomnia symptoms without an obvious impact of working schedules.Keywords: Sleep habits, healthcare workers, shift work, epidemiology, nurses

Circadian rhythm disruption is a universal phenomenon that is associated with a combination of internal and external factors, with internal factors referring to disturbances in the intrinsic regulatory mechanisms of sleep-wake behavior, and external factors including changes in sleep habits, severe sleep deprivation, shift work, social jet lag, prolonged exposure to nighttime light, and late nighttime eating. Shift work, as a common occupational factor, can lead to disruption of the central/ peripheral biological clock which regulates the expression of almost the entire genome, and the disruption of the biological clock can lead to genetic variants, hormonal secretion abnormalities, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation, which are risk factors for obesity. In the context of rapid advancement of global economy and industrialization, the prevalence of simple obesity in the traditional cognitive category is increasing in a linear trend, while the incidence of abdominal obesity, which is closely related to metabolic disorders, is also showing an increasing trend. In recent years, the mechanism of circadian rhythm disorder and obesity associated with shift work has attracted much attention, and this article summarized the latest research progress, aiming to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of obesity caused by circadian rhythm disruption due to shift work.

OBJECTIVES: Quick returns (

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the independent and interactive effects of changes in overtime and night shifts on burnout among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Nurses working in an Italian university hospital (N=317) completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory in September 2019 and again in December 2020. Based on hospital administrative data, changes in overtime and night shifts in the same years were categorized into three groups each. Linear regressions were used to estimate 2020 burnout differences between exposure groups, controlling for 2019 burnout levels, demographic and work-related characteristics, and to test the interaction between the two exposures. RESULTS: Nurses in the onset of high overtime group had higher emotional exhaustion [4.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.74−6.92], depersonalization (2.10, 95% CI 0.49−3.71), and poor personal accomplishment (2.64, 95% CI 0.55−4.74) compared to stable low overtime nurses. Nurses in the increase in night shifts group had lower emotional exhaustion (-4.49, 95% CI -7.46− -1.52) compared to no night shift nurses. Interaction analyses revealed that this apparently paradoxical effect was limited to stable low overtime nurses only. Moreover, increases in night shifts were associated with higher depersonalization and poor personal accomplishment in nurses in the stable high overtime group. CONCLUSIONS: Increase in overtime is an independent risk factor for burnout among nurses, highlighting the need for specific regulations and actions to address it. Long-standing guidelines for the assignment of night shifts might have contributed to attenuate the impact of their increase on nurses’ mental health.

Background: Limited research has delved into the effects of work characteristics on premenstrual symptoms (PMS) in women, which can influence work performance and overlook potential hazards for women in their work environments. This study aimed to investigate the impact of shift work and working in a clean room on premenstrual symptoms, menstrual status, and menstrual pain among employed females in an electronics manufacturer. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on menstruating female employees between August and December 2014, aged 18–55, who received regular employee health checks. Questionnaires were designed to collect information on demographics, personal lifestyle, menstrual status, menstrual pain scores, and self-reported premenstrual symptoms. Results: Among 7,193 participants, 18.6% reported moderate to severe menstrual pain affecting their work. Female workers who reported shift work showed an increased prevalence of moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms, including fatigue (RR = 1.20), somatic discomforts (RR = 1.04), diarrhea (RR = 1.04), and tension (RR = 1.05). Additionally, shift work was associated with an elevated risk of experiencing a moderate or significant impact of menstrual pain on work (RR = 1.03), menstrual irregularity (RR = 1.30), and high menstrual pain (RR = 1.23). Working in a clean room was associated with an increased risk of high menstrual pain (RR = 1.13). Subjects working shifts in a clean room had the highest pain scores compared to the other groups. Conclusion: This study underscores the association of work-related factors on PMS in female employees. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of premenstrual symptoms in female workers with different work characteristics, emphasizing the potential hazards of work-related factors on female employees.