11 results on '"Shields VDC"'
Search Results
2. Fine structure of antennal sensilla of the female sphinx moth, Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). II. Auriculate, coeloconic, and styliform complex sensilla
- Author
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Shields, VDC, primary and Hildebrand, J G, additional
- Published
- 1999
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3. Possible roles of phytochemicals with bioactive properties in the prevention of and recovery from COVID-19.
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Koyama S, Joseph PV, Shields VDC, Heinbockel T, Adhikari P, Kaur R, Kumar R, Alizadeh R, Bhutani S, Calcinoni O, Mucignat-Caretta C, Chen J, Cooper KW, Das SR, Rohlfs Domínguez P, Guàrdia MD, Klyuchnikova MA, Laktionova TK, Mori E, Namjoo Z, Nguyen H, Özdener MH, Parsa S, Özdener-Poyraz E, Strub DJ, Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Ueha R, and Voznessenskaya VV
- Abstract
Introduction: There have been large geographical differences in the infection and death rates of COVID-19. Foods and beverages containing high amounts of phytochemicals with bioactive properties were suggested to prevent contracting and to facilitate recovery from COVID-19. The goal of our study was to determine the correlation of the type of foods/beverages people consumed and the risk reduction of contracting COVID-19 and the recovery from COVID-19., Methods: We developed an online survey that asked the participants whether they contracted COVID-19, their symptoms, time to recover, and their frequency of eating various types of foods/beverages. The survey was developed in 10 different languages., Results: The participants who did not contract COVID-19 consumed vegetables, herbs/spices, and fermented foods/beverages significantly more than the participants who contracted COVID-19. Among the six countries (India/Iran/Italy/Japan/Russia/Spain) with over 100 participants and high correspondence between the location of the participants and the language of the survey, in India and Japan the people who contracted COVID-19 showed significantly shorter recovery time, and greater daily intake of vegetables, herbs/spices, and fermented foods/beverages was associated with faster recovery., Conclusions: Our results suggest that phytochemical compounds included in the vegetables may have contributed in not only preventing contraction of COVID-19, but also accelerating their recovery., (Copyright © 2024 Koyama, Joseph, Shields, Heinbockel, Adhikari, Kaur, Kumar, Alizadeh, Bhutani, Calcinoni, Mucignat-Caretta, Chen, Cooper, Das, Rohlfs Domínguez, Guàrdia, Klyuchnikova, Laktionova, Mori, Namjoo, Nguyen, Özdener, Parsa, Özdener Poyraz, Strub, Taghizadeh-Hesary, Ueha and Voznessenskaya.)
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- 2024
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4. Giving a Voice to Patients With Smell Disorders Associated With COVID-19: Cross-Sectional Longitudinal Analysis Using Natural Language Processing of Self-Reports.
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Menger NS, Tognetti A, Farruggia MC, Mucignat C, Bhutani S, Cooper KW, Rohlfs Domínguez P, Heinbockel T, Shields VDC, D'Errico A, Pereda-Loth V, Pierron D, Koyama S, and Croijmans I
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- Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Male, Female, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Adult, Aged, Young Adult, COVID-19 complications, COVID-19 epidemiology, Olfaction Disorders epidemiology, Olfaction Disorders etiology, Self Report, Natural Language Processing
- Abstract
Background: Smell disorders are commonly reported with COVID-19 infection. The smell-related issues associated with COVID-19 may be prolonged, even after the respiratory symptoms are resolved. These smell dysfunctions can range from anosmia (complete loss of smell) or hyposmia (reduced sense of smell) to parosmia (smells perceived differently) or phantosmia (smells perceived without an odor source being present). Similar to the difficulty that people experience when talking about their smell experiences, patients find it difficult to express or label the symptoms they experience, thereby complicating diagnosis. The complexity of these symptoms can be an additional burden for patients and health care providers and thus needs further investigation., Objective: This study aims to explore the smell disorder concerns of patients and to provide an overview for each specific smell disorder by using the longitudinal survey conducted in 2020 by the Global Consortium for Chemosensory Research, an international research group that has been created ad hoc for studying chemosensory dysfunctions. We aimed to extend the existing knowledge on smell disorders related to COVID-19 by analyzing a large data set of self-reported descriptive comments by using methods from natural language processing., Methods: We included self-reported data on the description of changes in smell provided by 1560 participants at 2 timepoints (second survey completed between 23 and 291 days). Text data from participants who still had smell disorders at the second timepoint (long-haulers) were compared with the text data of those who did not (non-long-haulers). Specifically, 3 aims were pursued in this study. The first aim was to classify smell disorders based on the participants' self-reports. The second aim was to classify the sentiment of each self-report by using a machine learning approach, and the third aim was to find particular food and nonfood keywords that were more salient among long-haulers than those among non-long-haulers., Results: We found that parosmia (odds ratio [OR] 1.78, 95% CI 1.35-2.37; P<.001) as well as hyposmia (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.34-2.26; P<.001) were more frequently reported in long-haulers than in non-long-haulers. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between long-hauler status and sentiment of self-report (P<.001). Finally, we found specific keywords that were more typical for long-haulers than those for non-long-haulers, for example, fire, gas, wine, and vinegar., Conclusions: Our work shows consistent findings with those of previous studies, which indicate that self-reports, which can easily be extracted online, may offer valuable information to health care and understanding of smell disorders. At the same time, our study on self-reports provides new insights for future studies investigating smell disorders., (©Nick S Menger, Arnaud Tognetti, Michael C Farruggia, Carla Mucignat, Surabhi Bhutani, Keiland W Cooper, Paloma Rohlfs Domínguez, Thomas Heinbockel, Vonnie D C Shields, Anna D'Errico, Veronica Pereda-Loth, Denis Pierron, Sachiko Koyama, Ilja Croijmans. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org), 10.05.2024.)
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- 2024
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5. Evaluation of a Push-Pull Strategy for Spotted-Wing Drosophila Management in Highbush Blueberry.
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Gale CC, Ferguson B, Rodriguez-Saona C, Shields VDC, and Zhang A
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We evaluated a novel push-pull control strategy for protecting highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum , against spotted-wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii . Methyl benzoate (MB) was used as the pushing agent and a previously tested SWD attractive blend of lure-scents was used as the pulling agent. MB dispensers (push) were hung in the canopy and lure-scent dispensers (pull) were hung in yellow jacket traps filled with soapy water around the blueberry bushes. Blueberries were sampled weekly, and any infestation was inspected by examining the breathing tubes of SWD eggs which protrude through the skin of infested fruit. The frequency of infestation, i.e., the proportion of berries infested with at least one egg, and the extent of infestation, i.e., the mean number of eggs in infested berries, were significantly reduced in treatments receiving MB dispensers as a pushing agent when infestation rates were very high. However, the mass trapping devices as a pulling agent did not provide comparable protection on their own and did not produce additive protection when used in combination with the MB dispensers in push-pull trials. We conclude that MB has the potential to be implemented as a spatial repellent/oviposition deterrent to reduce SWD damage in blueberry under field conditions and does not require the SWD attractant as a pulling agent to achieve crop protection.
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- 2024
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6. Endocannabinoid-mediated neuromodulation in the main olfactory bulb at the interface of environmental stimuli and central neural processing.
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Heinbockel T, Bhatia-Dey N, and Shields VDC
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- Humans, Neuronal Plasticity physiology, Olfactory Bulb metabolism, Smell physiology, Endocannabinoids metabolism, Olfaction Disorders metabolism
- Abstract
The olfactory system has become an important functional gateway to understand and analyze neuromodulation since olfactory dysfunction and deficits have emerged as prodromal and, at other times, as first symptoms of many of neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric and communication disorders. Considering olfactory dysfunction as outcome of altered, damaged and/or inefficient olfactory processing, in the current review, we analyze how olfactory processing interacts with the endocannabinoid signaling system. In the human body, endocannabinoid synthesis is a natural and on-demand response to a wide range of physiological and environmental stimuli. Our current understanding of the response dynamics of the endocannabinoid system is based in large part on research advances in limbic system areas, such as the hippocampus and the amygdala. Functional interactions of this signaling system with olfactory processing and associated pathways are just emerging but appear to grow rapidly with multidimensional approaches. Recent work analyzing the crystal structure of endocannabinoid receptors bound to their agonists in a signaling complex has opened avenues for developing specific therapeutic drugs that could help with neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and alleviation/reduction of pain. We discuss the role of endocannabinoids as signaling molecules in the olfactory system and the relevance of the endocannabinoid system for synaptic plasticity., (© 2021 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2022
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7. Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms.
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Gerkin RC, Ohla K, Veldhuizen MG, Joseph PV, Kelly CE, Bakke AJ, Steele KE, Farruggia MC, Pellegrino R, Pepino MY, Bouysset C, Soler GM, Pereda-Loth V, Dibattista M, Cooper KW, Croijmans I, Di Pizio A, Ozdener MH, Fjaeldstad AW, Lin C, Sandell MA, Singh PB, Brindha VE, Olsson SB, Saraiva LR, Ahuja G, Alwashahi MK, Bhutani S, D'Errico A, Fornazieri MA, Golebiowski J, Dar Hwang L, Öztürk L, Roura E, Spinelli S, Whitcroft KL, Faraji F, Fischmeister FPS, Heinbockel T, Hsieh JW, Huart C, Konstantinidis I, Menini A, Morini G, Olofsson JK, Philpott CM, Pierron D, Shields VDC, Voznessenskaya VV, Albayay J, Altundag A, Bensafi M, Bock MA, Calcinoni O, Fredborg W, Laudamiel C, Lim J, Lundström JN, Macchi A, Meyer P, Moein ST, Santamaría E, Sengupta D, Rohlfs Dominguez P, Yanik H, Hummel T, Hayes JE, Reed DR, Niv MY, Munger SD, and Parma V
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- Adult, Anosmia etiology, COVID-19 complications, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, Self Report, Smell, Anosmia diagnosis, COVID-19 diagnosis
- Abstract
In a preregistered, cross-sectional study, we investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19 using a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0-100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n = 4148) or negative (C19-; n = 546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified univariate and multivariate predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery. Both C19+ and C19- groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean ± SD, C19+: -82.5 ± 27.2 points; C19-: -59.8 ± 37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both univariate and multivariate models (ROC AUC = 0.72). Additional variables provide negligible model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms (e.g., fever). Olfactory recovery within 40 days of respiratory symptom onset was reported for ~50% of participants and was best predicted by time since respiratory symptom onset. We find that quantified smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19 amongst those with symptoms of respiratory illness. To aid clinicians and contact tracers in identifying individuals with a high likelihood of having COVID-19, we propose a novel 0-10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss, the ODoR-19. We find that numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (4 < OR < 10). Once independently validated, this tool could be deployed when viral lab tests are impractical or unavailable., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2021
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8. Corrigendum to: More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis.
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Parma V, Ohla K, Veldhuizen MG, Niv MY, Kelly CE, Bakke AJ, Cooper KW, Bouysset C, Pirastu N, Dibattista M, Kaur R, Liuzza MT, Pepino MY, Schöpf V, Pereda-Loth V, Olsson SB, Gerkin RC, Rohlfs Domínguez P, Albayay J, Farruggia MC, Bhutani S, Fjaeldstad AW, Kumar R, Menini A, Bensafi M, Sandell M, Konstantinidis I, Di Pizio A, Genovese F, Öztürk L, Thomas-Danguin T, Frasnelli J, Boesveldt S, Saatci Ö, Saraiva LR, Lin C, Golebiowski J, Hwang LD, Ozdener MH, Guàrdia MD, Laudamiel C, Ritchie M, Havlícek J, Pierron D, Roura E, Navarro M, Nolden AA, Lim J, Whitcroft KL, Colquitt LR, Ferdenzi C, Brindha EV, Altundag A, Macchi A, Nunez-Parra A, Patel ZM, Fiorucci S, Philpott CM, Smith BC, Lundström JN, Mucignat C, Parker JK, van den Brink M, Schmuker M, Fischmeister FPS, Heinbockel T, Shields VDC, Faraji F, Santamaría E, Fredborg WEA, Morini G, Olofsson JK, Jalessi M, Karni N, D'Errico A, Alizadeh R, Pellegrino R, Meyer P, Huart C, Chen B, Soler GM, Alwashahi MK, Welge-Lüssen A, Freiherr J, de Groot JHB, Klein H, Okamoto M, Singh PB, Hsieh JW, Reed DR, Hummel T, Munger SD, and Hayes JE
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- 2021
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9. More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis.
- Author
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Parma V, Ohla K, Veldhuizen MG, Niv MY, Kelly CE, Bakke AJ, Cooper KW, Bouysset C, Pirastu N, Dibattista M, Kaur R, Liuzza MT, Pepino MY, Schöpf V, Pereda-Loth V, Olsson SB, Gerkin RC, Rohlfs Domínguez P, Albayay J, Farruggia MC, Bhutani S, Fjaeldstad AW, Kumar R, Menini A, Bensafi M, Sandell M, Konstantinidis I, Di Pizio A, Genovese F, Öztürk L, Thomas-Danguin T, Frasnelli J, Boesveldt S, Saatci Ö, Saraiva LR, Lin C, Golebiowski J, Hwang LD, Ozdener MH, Guàrdia MD, Laudamiel C, Ritchie M, Havlícek J, Pierron D, Roura E, Navarro M, Nolden AA, Lim J, Whitcroft KL, Colquitt LR, Ferdenzi C, Brindha EV, Altundag A, Macchi A, Nunez-Parra A, Patel ZM, Fiorucci S, Philpott CM, Smith BC, Lundström JN, Mucignat C, Parker JK, van den Brink M, Schmuker M, Fischmeister FPS, Heinbockel T, Shields VDC, Faraji F, Santamaría E, Fredborg WEA, Morini G, Olofsson JK, Jalessi M, Karni N, D'Errico A, Alizadeh R, Pellegrino R, Meyer P, Huart C, Chen B, Soler GM, Alwashahi MK, Welge-Lüssen A, Freiherr J, de Groot JHB, Klein H, Okamoto M, Singh PB, Hsieh JW, Reed DR, Hummel T, Munger SD, and Hayes JE
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- Adult, Aged, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections diagnosis, Coronavirus Infections virology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Olfaction Disorders virology, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral diagnosis, Pneumonia, Viral virology, SARS-CoV-2, Self Report, Smell, Somatosensory Disorders virology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Taste, Taste Disorders virology, Young Adult, Betacoronavirus isolation & purification, Coronavirus Infections complications, Olfaction Disorders etiology, Pneumonia, Viral complications, Somatosensory Disorders etiology, Taste Disorders etiology
- Abstract
Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (-69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2020
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10. The best COVID-19 predictor is recent smell loss: a cross-sectional study.
- Author
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Gerkin RC, Ohla K, Veldhuizen MG, Joseph PV, Kelly CE, Bakke AJ, Steele KE, Farruggia MC, Pellegrino R, Pepino MY, Bouysset C, Soler GM, Pereda-Loth V, Dibattista M, Cooper KW, Croijmans I, Di Pizio A, Ozdener MH, Fjaeldstad AW, Lin C, Sandell MA, Singh PB, Brindha VE, Olsson SB, Saraiva LR, Ahuja G, Alwashahi MK, Bhutani S, D'Errico A, Fornazieri MA, Golebiowski J, Hwang LD, Öztürk L, Roura E, Spinelli S, Whitcroft KL, Faraji F, Fischmeister FPS, Heinbockel T, Hsieh JW, Huart C, Konstantinidis I, Menini A, Morini G, Olofsson JK, Philpott CM, Pierron D, Shields VDC, Voznessenskaya VV, Albayay J, Altundag A, Bensafi M, Bock MA, Calcinoni O, Fredborg W, Laudamiel C, Lim J, Lundström JN, Macchi A, Meyer P, Moein ST, Santamaría E, Sengupta D, Domínguez PP, Yanık H, Boesveldt S, de Groot JHB, Dinnella C, Freiherr J, Laktionova T, Mariño S, Monteleone E, Nunez-Parra A, Abdulrahman O, Ritchie M, Thomas-Danguin T, Walsh-Messinger J, Al Abri R, Alizadeh R, Bignon E, Cantone E, Cecchini MP, Chen J, Guàrdia MD, Hoover KC, Karni N, Navarro M, Nolden AA, Mazal PP, Rowan NR, Sarabi-Jamab A, Archer NS, Chen B, Di Valerio EA, Feeney EL, Frasnelli J, Hannum M, Hopkins C, Klein H, Mignot C, Mucignat C, Ning Y, Ozturk EE, Peng M, Saatci O, Sell EA, Yan CH, Alfaro R, Cecchetto C, Coureaud G, Herriman RD, Justice JM, Kaushik PK, Koyama S, Overdevest JB, Pirastu N, Ramirez VA, Roberts SC, Smith BC, Cao H, Wang H, Balungwe P, Baguma M, Hummel T, Hayes JE, Reed DR, Niv MY, Munger SD, and Parma V
- Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has heterogeneous manifestations, though one of the most common symptoms is a sudden loss of smell (anosmia or hyposmia). We investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19., Methods: This preregistered, cross-sectional study used a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0-100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n=4148) or negative (C19-; n=546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified singular and cumulative predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery., Results: Both C19+ and C19- groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean±SD, C19+: -82.5±27.2 points; C19-: -59.8±37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both single and cumulative feature models (ROC AUC=0.72), with additional features providing no significant model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms, such as fever or cough. Olfactory recovery within 40 days was reported for ~50% of participants and was best predicted by time since illness onset., Conclusions: As smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19, we developed the ODoR-19 tool, a 0-10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss. Numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (10
- Published
- 2020
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11. Comparative external ultrastructure and diffusion pathways in styloconic sensilla on the maxillary galea of larval Mamestra configurata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and five other species.
- Author
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Shields VDC
- Abstract
The external ultrastructure of sensilla on the maxillary galea are investigated in Mamestra configurata and five other lepidopterous larvae using scanning electron microscopy. The galea and lacinia, comprising the mesal lobe of the maxilla, are either completely separate, fused, or incompletely fused in these species. The distal surface of the mesal lobe of all species examined bears two styloconic sensilla, three basiconic sensilla, and three trichoid sensilla, whereas the midventral wall of this lobe bears a campaniform sensillum. The latter sensillum is visible in only three of the six species examined. The styloconic and basiconic sensilla occupy a ventro anterior location, whereas the trichoid sensilla are positioned dorsoposteriorly. Interspecific comparisons of galeal size, as well as sensillar size, shape, and position are made for all species. The styloconic sensilla are the only sensillar type permeable to an aqueous solution of cobalt chloride when viewed by brightfield light microscopy in all species examined. Cobalt ions permeate through the terminal pore of each styloconic peg and percolate through the fenestrated fibrillar pore matrix, located directly below the pore. These ions permeate along the dendritic channel and accumulate in the adjacent sensillar sinus surrounding the peg and/or style by way of a presumably permeable dendritic sheath in all species, but to varying extents. The cuticular sidewall pores surrounding the terminal pore also appear to be permeable to cobalt ions in all the species examined. In most species examined, the styloconic sensilla are only minimally permeable to mercury ions. In these species, mercury ions permeate through the terminal pore, but become trapped within the plug of fenestrated fibrils within it. The sidewall pores are not permeable to mercury ions in any of the species examined. The styloconic sensilla are not permeable to lead ions in M. configurata or Malacosoma lutescens, the only species tested. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc., (Copyright © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)
- Published
- 1996
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