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2. National Benchmarks to Understand How Doctor of Physical Therapy Learners From Minoritized Race and Ethnicity Groups Perceive Their Physical Therapist Education Program

Author

Shields, Richard K., Chevan, Julia, Kennedy, Kai, Bailey, Charlotte, and Dudley-Javoroski, Shauna

Subjects
Psychological aspects, Surveys, Study and teaching, Minority students -- Surveys -- Psychological aspects, Physical therapy -- Surveys -- Study and teaching, Medical education -- Surveys -- Psychological aspects, Ethnic groups -- Surveys -- Psychological aspects, Doctoral degrees -- Surveys -- Psychological aspects, Therapeutics, Physiological -- Surveys -- Study and teaching
Abstract

Introduction Physical therapy's mission to improve the health of society (1) operates against overwhelming evidence for poorer health outcomes for individuals from minoritized groups. (2-6) To meet the complex health [...], Objective. The demographic homogeneity of the physical therapist workforce and its educational pathway may undermine the profession's potential to improve the health of society. Building academic environments that support the development of all learners is fundamental to building a workforce to meet societal health care needs. The Benchmarking in Physical Therapy Education study uses the Physical Therapy Graduation Questionnaire to comprehensively assess learner perceptions of the physical therapist academic environment. The present report examined whether racial and ethnic minoritized (REM) physical therapist learners perceive their doctor of physical therapy education differently from their non-REM peers. Methods. Five thousand and eighty graduating doctor of physical therapy learners in 89 institutions provided demographic data and perceptions of a range of learning environment domains. Analyses included REM versus non-REM comparisons as well as comparisons among individual race and ethnicity groups. Results. Compared with their non-minoritized peers, REM respondents expressed less satisfaction with their education and lower confidence in their preparedness for entry-level practice. REM respondents observed more faculty professionalism disconnects and demonstrated less agreement that their program had fostered their overall psychological well-being. REM respondents experienced higher rates of mistreatment than their peers and reported higher rates of exhaustion and disengagement, the 2 axes of academic burnout. Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino/a/x (Hispanic, Latino, Latina, and/or Latinx) respondents incurred significantly more educational debt than Asian and White respondents. REM respondents reported greater empathy and greater interest in working in underserved communities. Conclusion. REM respondents perceived the physical therapist learning environment more negatively than their non-minoritized peers but expressed strong interest in serving people from underserved communities. These national benchmarks offer academic institutions the opportunity to self-assess their own environment and to work to improve the quality of the educational experience for all learners. Impact. In a nationwide benchmarking study, learners from minoritized race and ethnicity backgrounds reported more negative experiences and outcomes during physical therapist education than their non-minoritized peers. These same learners demonstrated high empathy and interest in serving people from underserved (under-resourced) communities. Learning environments that permit all individuals to thrive may be an essential avenue to improve the health of a rapidly diversifying society. Keywords: Educational, Environment, Learners, Minoritized, Racial and Ethnic Minoritized, Respondents

Published
2024
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7. Psychometric Analysis of an Integrated Clinical Education Tool for Physical Therapists.

Author

Becker, Marcie, Shields, Richard K., and Sass, Kelly J.

Subjects
CRONBACH'S alpha, T-test (Statistics), ACADEMIC medical centers, RESEARCH funding, QUESTIONNAIRES, RESEARCH evaluation, EDUCATIONAL tests & measurements, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CHI-squared test, MULTIVARIATE analysis, LONGITUDINAL method, PSYCHOMETRICS, RESEARCH methodology, ACADEMIC achievement, STATISTICS, PHYSICAL therapy education, CLINICAL education
Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Introduction.: Integrated clinical education (ICE) courses require opportunities for practice, assessment of performance, and specific feedback. The purposes of this study were to 1) analyze the internal consistency of a tool for evaluating students during ICE courses, 2) examine the responsiveness of the tool between midterm and final assessments, and 3) develop a model to predict the final score from midterm assessments and explore relationships among the 6 domains. Review of Literature.: Several clinical education assessment tools have been developed for terminal clinical experiences, but few have focused on the needs of learners during the ICE. Subjects.: Eighty-five student assessments were collected from 2 consecutive cohorts of physical therapist students in a first full-time ICE course. Methods.: The tool contained 29 items within 6 domains. Items were rated on a 5-point scale from dependent to indirect supervision. Cronbach's alpha was used to analyze the internal consistency of the tool, whereas responsiveness was examined with paired t -test and Cohen's d. A best subsets regression model was used to determine the best combination of midterm variables that predicted the final total scores. Coefficients of determination (R 2) were calculated to explore the relationships among domains. Results.: The tool was found to have high internal consistency at midterm and final assessment (α = 0.97 and 0.98, respectively). Mean scores increased over time for each domain score and for the total score (P <.001; d = 1.5). Scores in 3 midterm domains predicted more than 57% of the variance in the final total score. Discussion and Conclusion.: Results support the use of this tool to measure student performance and growth in a first full-time ICE course. Targeted measurement of students' abilities in ICE courses assists with differentiating formative and summative learning needed to achieve academic success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Benchmarking in Academic Physical Therapy Using the PT-GQ Survey: Wave 2 Update With Application to Accreditation Reporting

Author

Dudley-Javoroski, Shauna and Shields, Richard K.

Subjects
Surveys, Study and teaching, Benchmark, Medical education -- Surveys, Physical therapy -- Study and teaching -- Surveys, College graduates -- Surveys, Benchmarking -- Surveys, Therapeutics, Physiological -- Study and teaching -- Surveys, Benchmarks -- Surveys
Abstract

Introduction Leaders in physical therapist education recently highlighted the essential role of educational research to 'identify processes that promote learner development and outcomes to meet the needs of society.' (1) [...], Objective. The Benchmarking in Academic Physical Therapy study uses the Physical Therapist-Graduation Questionnaire (PT-GQ) survey to develop comprehensive performance benchmarks for physical therapist education. These benchmarks facilitate interprofessional comparisons and have application to accreditation self-study reporting. The purpose of this study is to report updated benchmarks from enrollment Wave 2 of the study, with an emphasis on curricular areas that align with accreditation standards. Methods. Seventy doctor of physical therapy (DPT) programs (26.5% national sample) administered the survey to graduates during 2020-2021. Where possible, respondent data were contextualized by statistical comparison with published medical student data (Welch t test, Hedges g). Results. There were 1894 respondents who participated in the study (response rate: 63.9%). The average survey duration was 32.9 minutes. White-only, non-Hispanic/Latino/a/x individuals (78.8%) exceeded the 2020 US Census prevalence (60.1%), and only one-half of respondents perceived a benefit to their training from the diversity present in their programs. Over 94% of respondents indicated that their curricula were characterized by "problem solving/critical thinking" and "clinical reasoning," but nearly one-half indicated "busywork" was prevalent. High curricular satisfaction ratings clustered in content areas relating to profession-specific technical skills and low ratings clustered in foundational sciences. DPT respondents reported significantly lower tolerance for ambiguity, significantly more exhaustion, and significantly less disengagement than medical students. Respondents endorsed higher levels of "adaptive" perfectionism (striving for high performance) than "maladaptive" perfectionism (concern over negative evaluations). Respondents with loans (27.7%) had debt exceeding $150,000, the benchmark above which the DPT degree loses economic power. Conclusion. PT-GQ benchmarks revealed strengths (eg, curricula emphasizing problem solving/critical thinking and clinical reasoning) and challenges (eg, low diversity, problematic student debt) in physical therapist education. Impact. Programs can use benchmarking for quality-improvement efforts and as a data source for accreditation self-study reports. The ongoing study will refine national benchmarks and pilot items to address new research questions. Keywords: Benchmarking, Doctor of Therapy, Physical, Respondents, Survey, Therapists

Published
2022
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12. Epigenetics and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Model: Bridging Nature, Nurture, and Patient-Centered Population Health

Author

Shields, Richard K. and Dudley-Javoroski, Shauna

Subjects
International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (Reference work), Research, Genetic aspects, Precision medicine -- Research, Epigenetic inheritance -- Research, Medical research, Population health -- Genetic aspects, Health status indicators -- Research, Medicine, Experimental
Abstract

Introduction From its earliest days, physical therapy has endorsed a personalized, patient-centered approach. Astute clinicians have always understood that the patient's emotional state, family dynamics, work circumstances, genetic predisposition, and [...], Epigenetic processes enable environmental inputs such as diet, exercise, and health behaviors to reversibly tag DNA with chemical "marks" that increase or decrease the expression of an individual&apos;s genetic template. Over time, epigenetic adaptations enable the effects of healthy or unhealthy stresses to become stably expressed in the tissue of an organism, with important consequences for health and disease. New research indicates that seemingly non-biological factors such as social stress, poverty, and childhood hardship initiate epigenetic adaptations in gene pathways that govern inflammation and immunity, two of the greatest contributors to chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Epigenetic processes therefore provide a biological bridge between the genome--an individual&apos;s genetic inheritance--and the Social Determinants of Health--the conditions in which they are born, grow, live, work, and age. This Perspective paper argues that physical therapy clinicians, researchers, and educators can use the theoretical framework provided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF model) to harmonize new discoveries from both public health research and medically focused genomic research. The ICF model likewise captures the essential role played by physical activity and exercise, which initiate powerful and widespread epigenetic adaptations that promote health and functioning. In this proposed framework, epigenetic processes transduce the effects of the social determinants of health and behaviors such as exercise into stable biological adaptations that affect an individual&apos;s daily activities and their participation in social roles. By harmonizing "nature" and "nurture," physical therapists can approach patient care with a more integrated perspective, capitalizing on novel discoveries in precision medicine, rehabilitation science, and in population-level research. As the experts in physical activity and exercise, physical therapists are ideally positioned to drive progress in the new era of patient-centered population health care. Keywords: DNA, Genomics, Precision Medicine, Precision Rehabilitation, RNA, Social Determinants of Health

Published
2022
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13. Genomic and Epigenomic Evaluation of Electrically Induced Exercise in People With Spinal Cord Injury: Application to Precision Rehabilitation

Author

Petrie, Michael A., Taylor, Eric B., Suneja, Manish, and Shields, Richard K.

Subjects
Practice, Prevention, Care and treatment, Genetic aspects, Risk factors, Patient outcomes, Methods, Osteoporosis -- Risk factors -- Prevention, Spinal cord injuries -- Care and treatment -- Genetic aspects, Biopsy -- Methods, Exercise therapy -- Patient outcomes, Physical therapists -- Practice
Abstract

Introduction Optimal human movement begins with precise muscle contractions. Regular muscle activity is now recognized as a powerful intervention to restore movement, manage pain, recover from injury, and prevent or [...], Objective. Physical therapists develop patient-centered exercise prescriptions to help overcome the physical, emotional, psychosocial, and environmental stressors that undermine a person&apos;s health. Optimally prescribing muscle activity for people with disability, such as a spinal cord injury, is challenging because of their loss of volitional movement control and the deterioration of their underlying skeletal systems. This report summarizes spinal cord injury-specific factors that should be considered in patient-centered, precision prescription of muscle activity for people with spinal cord injury. This report also presents a muscle genomic and epigenomic analysis to examine the regulation of the proliferator-activated receptor [gamma] coactivator 1[alpha] (PGC-1[alpha]) (oxidative) and myostatin (hypertrophy) signaling pathways in skeletal muscle during low-frequency (lower-force) electrically induced exercise versus higher-frequency (higher-force) electrically induced exercise under constant muscle recruitment (intensity). Methods. Seventeen people with spinal cord injury participated in 1 or more unilateral electrically induced exercise sessions using a lower-force (1-, 3-, or 5-Hz) or higher-force (20-Hz) protocol. Three hours after the exercise session, percutaneous muscle biopsies were performed on exercised and nonexercised muscles for genomic and epigenomic analysis. Results. We found that low-frequency (low-force) electrically induced exercise significantly increased the expression of PGC-1[alpha] and decreased the expression of myostatin, consistent with the expression changes observed with high-frequency (higher-force) electrically induced exercise. Further, we found that low-frequency (lower-force) electrically induced exercise significantly demethylated, or epigenetically promoted, the PGC-1[alpha] signaling pathway. A global epigenetic analysis showed that >70 pathways were regulated with low-frequency (lower-force) electrically induced exercise. Conclusion. These novel results support the notion that low-frequency (low-force) electrically induced exercise may offer a more precise rehabilitation strategy for people with chronic paralysis and severe osteoporosis. Future clinical trials are warranted to explore whether low-frequency (lower-force) electrically induced exercise training affects the overall health of people with chronic spinal cord injury. Keywords: Disability, Hypertrophy, Molecular, Muscle, Plasticity, Rehabilitation

Published
2022
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15. Distinct Genomic Expression Signatures after Low-Force Electrically Induced Exercises in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury.

Author

Petrie, Michael A., Suneja, Manish, and Shields, Richard K.

Subjects
ELECTRIC stimulation, GENE expression, SPINAL cord injuries, CONTRACTILE proteins, MUSCULAR atrophy
Abstract

People with a spinal cord injury are at an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction due to skeletal muscle atrophy and the transition of paralyzed muscle to a glycolytic, insulin-resistant phenotype. Providing doses of exercise through electrical muscle stimulation may provide a therapeutic intervention to help restore metabolic function for people with a spinal cord injury, but high-frequency and high-force electrically induced muscle contractions increase fracture risk for the underlying osteoporotic skeletal system. Therefore, we investigated the acute molecular responses after a session of either a 3 Hz or 1 Hz electrically induced exercise program. Ten people with a complete spinal cord injury completed a 1 h (3 Hz) or 3 h (1 Hz) unilateral electrically induced exercise session prior to a skeletal muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis. The number of pulses was held constant. Tissue samples were analyzed for genomic and epigenomic expression profiles. There was a strong acute response after the 3 Hz exercise leading to the upregulation of early response genes (NR4A3, PGC-1α, ABRA, IRS2, EGR1, ANKRD1, and MYC), which have prominent roles in regulating molecular pathways that control mitochondrial biogenesis, contractile protein synthesis, and metabolism. Additionally, these genes, and others, contributed to the enrichment of pathways associated with signal transduction, cellular response to stimuli, gene expression, and metabolism. While there were similar trends observed after the 1 Hz exercise, the magnitude of gene expression changes did not reach our significance thresholds, despite a constant number of stimuli delivered. There were also no robust acute changes in muscle methylation after either form of exercise. Taken together, this study supports that a dose of low-force electrically induced exercise for 1 h using a 3 Hz stimulation frequency is suitable to trigger an acute genomic response in people with chronic paralysis, consistent with an expression signature thought to improve the metabolic and contractile phenotype of paralyzed muscle, if performed on a regular basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Benchmarking in Academic Physical Therapy: A Multicenter Trial Using the PT-GQ Survey

Author

Shields, Richard K. and Dudley-Javoroski, Shauna

Subjects
Surveys, Study and teaching, Methods, Benchmark, Physical therapy -- Surveys -- Study and teaching, Graduate students -- Surveys, Medical schools -- Surveys, Benchmarking -- Methods, Therapeutics, Physiological -- Surveys -- Study and teaching, Benchmarks -- Methods, Medical colleges -- Surveys
Abstract

Introduction Physical therapist education is a complex endeavor that transforms students with strong academic and affective intelligence into entry-level health care providers who are ready for the complexities of clinical [...], Objective. Academic physical therapy has no universal metrics by which educational programs can measure outcomes, limiting their ability to benchmark to their own historical performance, to peer institutions, or to other health care professions. The PT-Graduation Questionnaire (GQ) survey, adapted from the Association of American Medical Colleges&apos; GQ, addresses this gap by offering both inter-professional insight and fine-scale assessment of physical therapist education. This study reports the first wave of findings from an ongoing multi-site trial of the PT-GQ among diverse academic physical therapy programs, including (1) benchmarks for academic physical therapy, and (2) a comparison of the physical therapist student experience to medical education benchmarks. Methods. Thirty-four doctor of physical therapy (DPT) programs (13.2% nationwide sample) administered the online survey to DPT graduates during the 2019 to 2020 academic year. PT-GQ and Association of American Medical Colleges data were contrasted via Welch&apos;s unequal-variance t test and Hedges g (effect size). Results. A total of 1025 respondents participated in the study (response rate: 63.9%). The average survey duration was 31.8 minutes. Overall educational satisfaction was comparable with medicine, and respondents identified areas of curricular strength (eg, anatomy) and weakness (eg, pharmacology). DPT respondents provided higher ratings of faculty professionalism than medicine, lower rates of student mistreatment, and a lesser impact of within-program diversity on their training. One-third of respondents were less than "satisfied" with student mental health services. DPT respondents reported significantly higher exhaustion but lower disengagement than medical students, along with lower tolerance for ambiguity. Of DPT respondents who reported educational debt, one-third reported debt exceeding $150,000, the threshold above which the DPT degree loses economic power. Conclusions. These academic benchmarks, using the PT-GQ, provided insight into physical therapist education and identified differences between physical therapist and medical student perceptions. Impact. This ongoing trial will establish a comprehensive set of benchmarks to better understand academic physical therapy outcomes. Keywords: Academic Assessment, Tolerance for Ambiguity, Student Experience, Student Exhaustion, Student Empathy, Student Disengagement, Debt, Curriculum, CAPTE Accreditation

Published
2021
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21. Attaining Moral Knowledge in the Church and Models of Adult Learning

Author

Shields, Richard

Abstract

The sacrament of reconciliation has fallen into disuse among Roman Catholics. For the Holy See this signifies a loss of a sense of sin and reconciliation, rightly connecting moral consciousness and faith in salvation with sacramental celebration. Cultural studies underscore the importance of ritual practices as an essential element of religion's ability to deal with the experience of moral evil. However, decline in the frequency of confession may also be complicated by indifference among North American Catholics to current roles and power relations in the Church. In light of moral individualism in society and new ways of envisioning the Church fostered by Vatican II, the challenge of moral education in the Church is complex, but hopeful. Effective religious education, responsive to the situation of contemporary Catholics, will seek innovative approaches that are rooted in the tradition and developed in communities of living faith. The essay suggests that theories of transformative learning and communities of practice offer helpful models for responding to the crisis of sin and reconciliation in Roman Catholicism.

Published
2009

22. Nurturing Spirituality and Vocation: A Catholic Approach to New Teacher Induction

Author

Shields, Richard

Abstract

The Catholic school system in Ontario, Canada, is fully funded by the government. Recently, Ontario's Ministry of Education mandated an induction year, the New Teacher Induction Program (NTIP), for all new teachers. This legislation provides an opportunity for Catholic school boards to take the lead and shape creative and effective programs for new teacher induction. The mission of the Catholic school and the vocation of a Catholic teacher give meaning and direction to the new teacher's professional educational practice. This article first explores some of the pastoral theological concerns that those charged with developing a Catholic approach to NTIP need to consider and integrate into the programs they develop and lead. It then proposes a model for new teacher induction that builds on the insights from pastoral theology and adult learning theory.

Published
2008

25. Natural History of Drusenoid Pigment Epithelial Detachment Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Report No. 17

Author

Chew, Emily Y., Ferris, Frederick L., III, SanGiovanni, John Paul, Agrón, Elvira, Clemons, Traci, Lindblad, Anne, Lindblad, Robert, Shah, Nilay, Sperduto, Robert, McBee, Wendy, Gensler, Gary, Harrington, Molly, Henning, Alice, Jones, Katrina, Thotapally, Kumar, Tull, Diana, Watson, Valerie, Williams, Kayla, Gentry, Christina, Kaufman, Francine, Morrison, Chris, Saverino, Elizabeth, Schenning, Sherrie, Blodi, Barbara, Danis, Ronald P., Davis, Matthew, Domalpally, Amitha, Glander, Kathy, Guilfoil, Gregory, Hubbard, Larry D., Johnson, Kristine, Klein, Ronald, Nardi, Barbara, Neider, Michael, Robinson, Nancy, Rosensteel, Eileen, Wabers, Hugh, Zhang, Grace, Ruby, Alan J., Capone, Antonio, Jr., Dass, Bawa, Drenser, Kimberly, Garretson, Bruce R., Hassan, Tarek S., Trese, Michael, Williams, George A., Wolfe, Jeremy, Bell, Tina, Zajechowski, Mary, Bezaire, Dennis, McIver, Fran, Medina, Anthony, Pagett, Jackie, Smith, Stephanie Hatch, Swartz, Lynn, Treuter, Tom, Antoszyk, Andrew, Brown, Justin, Browning, David J., Holland, Walter, Karow, Angella, Stalford, Kelly, Price, Angela, Ennis, Sarah, Fredenberg, Sherry, Herby, Jenna, Balasubramaniam, Uma, Clark, Loraine, McClain, Donna, McOwen, Michael, Watson, Lynn, Klein, Michael, Bailey, Steven T., Hwang, Thomas J., Lauer, Andreas, Stout, J. Timothy, McCollum, Patty, Johnson, Milt, Rice, Patrick B., Kim, Ivana, Loewenstein, John, Miller, Joan, Sobrin, Lucia, Young, Lucy, Sullivan, Jacqueline, Houlihan, Patricia, Merry, Linda, Lane, Ann Marie, Bator, Ursula Lord, Evans, Claudia, Brett, Sarah, Callahan, Charleen, Grillo, Marcia, Walsh, David, Zimmerman, Kamella Lau, Fish, Gary Edd, Anand, Rajiv, Coors, Lori E., Fuller, Dwain G., Spencer, Rand, Wang, Robert C., Duignan, Karen, Arceneaux, Sally, Aguado, Hank, Hesse, Nicholas, Mackens, Michael, Swan, Brian, Wong, Wai T., Cukras, Catherine, Dalal, Monica, Jacobs-El, Naima, Meyerle, Catherine, Nicholson, Benjamin, Wiley, Henry, Shimel, Katherine Hall, Garced, Angel, Oparah, Janice, Short, Greg, Temple, Alana, Ayukawa, Babilonia, Foster, Guy, Hayes, Darryl, Koutsandreas, Dessie, Nashwinter, Roula, Rowan, John, Bono, Michael, Cunningham, Denise, Palmer, Marilois, Zetina, Alicia, Orth, David H., Rezaei, Kourous, Civantos, Joseph, Hasan, Sohail, Packo, Kirk, Figliulo, Celeste, Stanberry, Pam, Farmer, Tara, Nelson, Kiersten, Townsend-Patrick, Shannya, Rosenfeld, Philip, Chen, Royce, Doshi, Rishi, Dubovy, Sander, Kim, Brian T., Lowrance, Matthew, Moshfeghi, Andrew, Nahas, Zayna, Schienbaum, Gary, Vishak, John, Weng, Christina, Yehoshua, Zohar, Rodriguez, Belen, Rebimbas, Jose, Gleichauf, Jane, Kicak, Mike, Mena, Jason, Odem, Tim, Sferza-Camp, Elizabeth, Disgdiertt, Alicia, Oramas, Jim, Rams, Isabel, Thatcher, Stephanie, Bressler, Susan B., Bressler, Neil M., Finkelstein, Daniel, Sherman, Steven H., Solomon, Sharon, Ying, Howard S., Denbow, Rita, Phillips, Deborah, Radcliffe, Elizabeth, Belt, Judy, Cain, Dennis, Emmert, David, Herring, Mark, McDonald, Jacquelyn, Hubbard, G. Baker, Bergstrom, Chris S., Cribbs, Blaine, Hendrick, Andrew, Johnson, Brandon, Laird, Philip, Mehta, Sonia, Olsen, Timothy, Townsend, Justin, Yan, Jion, Yeh, Steven, Curtis, Linda, Brower, Judy, Yi, Hannah, Dobbs, Jannah Rutter, Jordan, Debbie, Elman, Michael J., Liss, Robert A., Starr, JoAnn, Belz, Jennifer, Putzulo, Charlene, Coffey, Teresa, Davis, Ashley, Singletary, Pamela, Andreani, Giorya Shabi, Cain, Theresa, Ketner, Daniel, Sotirakos, Peter, Chandra, Suresh, Blodi, Barbara A., Altaweel, Michael M., Gottlieb, Justin L., Ip, Michael, Nork, T. Michael, Stevens, Thomas S., Burke, Kathryn, Olson, Shelly, Dietzman, Kristine, Soderling, Barbara, Somers, Guy, Wealti, Angie, Krolnik, Denise, Peterson, John, Reed, Sandra, Friberg, Thomas, Eller, Andrew, Gallagher, Denise, Labriola, Leanne, Pokrifka, Melissa, Gedansky, Aron, Anthony, Natalie, Grzybowski, Cassandra, Matthews, Dawn, Murajda-Jumba, Sharon, Toro, Jessica, Callanan, David G., Solley, Wayne A., Williams, Patrick, Lash, Sandy, Boleman, Bob, Dock, Chris, Shami, Michel, Arrington, Brenda, Meeks, Ashaki, Margherio, Alan R., Raphaelian, Paul, Markus, Debra, Langdon, Justin, Truax, Elizabeth, Lewis, Sandy, Terry, Brad, Noffke, Amy, Oh, Kean, Sarrafizadeh, Ramin, Sneed, Scott, Hammersley, Julie, Neal, Serena, Doran, Mary, Jones, Nan, Preston, Lisa, Jessick, Heather, Marsh, Tanya Tracy, Tolentino, Michael, Berger, Adam, Hamilton, Richard, Misch, David, Moon, Suk Jin, Sutherland, Dawn, Dilts, Vera, Henderson, Sara, Medina, Esmeralda, Trueman, Donald, Holm, Laura, Strickland, Jason, Ie, Darmakusuma, Lipkowitz, Jeffrey L., Shah, Kekul B., Geraghty, Susan, Sannazzaro, Beverly, Harper, Morgan, Bayer, Krista, Lansing, Mary B., Fox, Lauren B., Lee, Rebecca, Stallman, Jay B., Jacobson, Michael, Koh, Sean, Lampert, Scott, Miller, John, Rivellese, Mark, Sharma, Atul, Stoltz, Robert A., Vanderveldt, Stephanie, Marcus, Leslie, Hendricks, Starr, Hollman, Ryan, Betanzos, Grethel, Ellorin, Leslie, Fulbright, Shelly, McCormick, Debbie, Edwards, Paul A., Hall, Julianne, Monk, Mary, Gutkowski, Melanie, Mazurek, Melina, Murphy, Janet, Gusas, Katherine, Moffett, Crystal, Burley, David, Chesney, Nicole, Kilgo, Katie, Rusinek, Brian, Stern, Bradley, Troszak, Tracy, Baker-Levingston, Rhonda, Baker, Carl W., Caldwell, Tracey, Walker, Tammy, Lambert, Lynnette F., Martin, Tracey, Palmer, Mary Jill, Williams, Tana, Novak, Michael A., Coney, Joseph, Miller, David G., Pendergast, Scott, Singerman, Lawrence, Zakov, Nicholas, Zegarra, Hernando, DuBois, Kim, Rath, Susan, Revella, Lori, Brink, Tammy, Drury, Kim, Hogue, Lisa, Ilc, Mary, Keller, Connie, McNamara, Elizabeth, Tanner, Vivian, Cunningham, Tamara, DuBois, John, Greanoff, Gregg, Nitzsche, Trina, Smith-Brewer, Sheila, Isernhagen, Ricky D., Kitchens, John W., Stone, Thomas W., Wood, William J., Holcomb, Diana, Therrien, Virginia, Buck, Michelle, Van Arsdall, Jeanne, Slade, Edward, Schneiderman, Todd E., Spinak, David J., Gaedke, Jackie, Brown, Heather Davis, Helgren, Dan, Pangelinan, Jenifer Garrison, Halperin, Lawrence, Anagnoste, Scott, Dhalla, Mandeep, Rosenberg, Krista, Taney, Barry, Thompson, W. Scott, Lopez, Jaclyn, Hamlin, Monica, Lopez, Monica, Mariano, Jamie, Quinchia, Evelyn, Aramayo, Patricia, Veksler, Rita, Lee, Michael, Dreyer, Richard, Handelman, Irvin, Ma, Colin, Peters, Mark, Hobbs, Stephen, III, Milliron, Amanda, Kopfer, Marcia, Connaughton, Michele, Hoerner, A. Christine, Logan, R. Joseph, Wohlsein, Harry J., Boyer, David, Chu, Thomas G., Dayani, Pouya, Liao, David, Novack, Roger L., Rahhal, Firas M., Roe, Richard, Tabandeh, Homayoun, Bayramyan, Janet, Gasparyan, Tammy, Hoang, Connie, Kurokouchi, Janet, Lo, Tammy Eileen, Ngo, Richard, Nguyen, Mary Ann, Peyton, Michael, Yoon, Charles, Sierra, Julio, Zamboni, Adam, Kessinger, Jeff, Protacio, Eric, Smucker, Adam, Rath, Pamela, Bergren, Robert, Doft, Bernard, Liu, Judy, Olsen, Karl, Merlotti, Lori, Ingram, Willia, Marfisi, Kellianne, Yeckel, Kimberly, Carmelo, Heather Schultz, Fec, Amanda, McBroom, Keith, Steinberg, David, Levy, Marc, Abrams, Jody, Chen, Melvin, Torres, Waldemar, Jelemensky, Peggy, Prybylski, Mark, Raphael, Tara, Appleby, Diana, Rodman, Charlotte, Sneath, Mark, Rosa, Robert H., Jr., Hoelscher, Vanessa, Castano, Adelia, Parker, Jocelyn, Hoskins, John, Anderson, Nicholas, Googe, Joseph, Jr., McMillan, Tod A., Miller, James, Jr., Perkins, Stephen, Oliver, Kristina, Beerbower, Jennifer, Gilliland, Bruce, Hunt, Cecile, Jacobus, Mike, Lince, Raul, Morris, Christopher, Oelrich, Sarah, Whetstone, Jerry, Chan, Clement K., Lin, Steven, Walther, Kim, Gonzales, Tiana, Myers, Lenise, Huff, Kenneth, Brown, David M., Chen, Eric, Benz, Matthew S., Fish, Richard H., Kim, Rosa Y., Major, James, Jr., Wong, Tien Pei, Wycoff, Charles, Cone, Cassandra, Gilaspia, Debbie Goates, Landaverde, Nubia, Smith, Robert, Zamora, Deneva, Sneed, Veronica, Vela, Melina, Kegley, Eric, Greven, Craig, Kurup, Shree, Richards, Charles, Slusher, Madison, Everhart, Cara, Fish, Joan, Clark, Mark, Miller, David, Tyler, Marshall, Jumper, J. Michael, Fu, Arthur D., Johnson, Robert N., Lujan, Brandon, McDonald, H. Richard, Rodriguez, Rosa, Ansari, Nina, Joaquin, Jeanifer, Linares, Silvia, Lopez, Lizette, Sabio, Jessica, Grout, Sean, Indermill, Chad, Urias, Yesmin, Zimmerman, Roberto, Margulies, Linda, Schmidt, Sara J., Meier, Joy L., Hadley, Sherry L., Rosenthal, William, Johnson, Barbara, Swafford, Lois, Shields, Richard, Varner, R. Scott, Rosen, Richard, Gentile, Ronald, Rivas, Melissa, Tai, Katy W., Carrasquillo-Boyd, Wanda, Masini, Robert, Stoller, Glenn, Carnevale, Ken, LaRosa, Diane M., Burger, Barbara, Conway, Tereza, Del Castillo, Carla, Diaz, Julissa, Jones, Susan, Mondoc, Nina, Balfour, Charlene, Vitha, C.H., Lutz, Jennifer, McGinley, Barbara, El Baba, Fadi, Lavorna, Ann Marie, Jones, Renee, Lewis, Jean, Tenzler, Ruth, Salvas-Mladek, Mary, Van Kesteren, Diane, McLean, W. Copley, Jr., Bridges, W. Zachery, Jr., Stone, Cameron, Ammons, Denise, Lamy, Mary, Menzel, Andrea, Raymer, Lea Doll, Campbell, Barbara, Hawkins, Lisa, Rickman, Leslie, Sherlin, Lorraine, Price, Paula, Sinyai, Albert, Kingsley, Ronald, Bradford, Reagan H., Jr., Leonard, Robert E., II, Icks, Sonny, Bergman, Vanessa, Ross, Brittany, Burris, Russ, Butt, Amanda, Richmond, Rob, Lyon, Alice, Gill, Manjot, Jampol, Lee, Mizra, Rukhsana, Rozenbajgier, Zuzanna, Chapman, Jeremy, Kaminski, Lori, Degillio, Andrea, Simjanoski, Evica, Heier, Jeffrey, Cho, Hyung, Cleary, Tina Scheufele, Goldman, Darin, Shah, Chirag, Topping, Trexler, Weber, Marissa, Wiegand, Torsten, Schindelheim, Jeremy, Bankert, Joy, Stone, Jennifer, Nowak, Alison, Chong, Sandy, Williams, Lindsay, Bennett, Steven, Donovan, Dennis, Graham, Margaret, Jones, Cullen, Fung, Anne, Bayabo, Jan-Kristine, Bosch, Razelda, Cruz, Esperanza, Emerson, Ashley, Fleming, Alycia, Barsness, Denice, Rodriguez, Jorge, Soboleva, Marina, Scott, Ingrid U., Bowie, Esther, Neely, Kimberly A., Quillen, David A., Walter, Laura, Bennett, Timothy, Strong, James, Wells, John, III, Clark, Lloyd, Johnson, David, Miller, Peggy, Taylor, Mallie, Swinford, Tiffany, Spivey, Robbin, Banach, Michael, Ho, Lawrence, Lanning, Richard, Pheasant, Thomas R., Prensky, Jay G., Truong, Steven, Teatsworth, Julia, Dietrich, Michelle, Wasilus, Ann, Miller, Ann, Rakes, Megan, Slagle, Teresa, Richards, Michelle, Schuessler, Patricia, Stover, Lacy, Beer, Paul, Falk, Naomi S., Shannon, Mary Beth, Olmeda, Jeannie, Berdeen, Don, Fisher, Joseph F., Jr., Folk, James, Russell, Stephen, Taylor, Barbara, Hinz, Connie, Walshire, Jean, Stockman, Heather, Critser, Bruce, Karakas, Stefani, Montague, Cindy, Verdick, Randy, Gupta, Omesh, Maguire, Joseph, Brady, Christopher, DeCroos, Francis Char, Dollin, Michael, Garg, Sunir, Gerstenblith, Adam, Haller, Julia, Ho, Allen C., Hsu, Jason, Kaiser, Richard, Pitcher, John, Regillo, Carl, Shah, Rajiv, Spirn, Marc, Tasman, William, Vander, James, Senderowitsch, Noga, Formoso, Michele, Markun, Michelle, George, Cedric, Centinaro, Christina, Grande, Lisa, Carey, Stefanie, Liebenbaum, Elaine, Sadda, SriniVas, Humayun, Mark, Sierra, Rachel, Corona, Elizabeth, Padilla, Margaret, Nu, Moonseok, Ramos, Sylvia, Barnett, Cullen, Currie, Glenn, Gottlieb, Cornelia, Garfinkel, Richard, Berinstein, Daniel, Colyer, Marcus, Deegan, William, III, Min-Shyue Lai, Michael, Murphy, Robert, Osman, Michael, Rivers, Michael, Sanders, Reginald, von Fricken, Manfred A., Oliver, Debbie, Kirshon, Jeanne, Snowden, Tanya Alexander, Blondo, Thomas, Cronise, Alysia, Denny, Vanessa, Mendez, Kylie, Newgen, Janine, Davis, Justin, Flory, Mike, Frantz, Robert, Murphy, Bryan, Rauch, Steve, Kim, Judy E., Bachman, Jane, Connor, Thomas B., Jr., Han, Dennis P., Stepian, Kimberly, Weinberg, David V., Wirostko, William J., Packard, Krissa, Kaczanowski, Tracy, Williams, Vesper, Barwick, Vicki, Flanders, Judy, Backes, Dennis, Beringer, Joe, Keller, Kristy, Selchert, Kathy, Bernstein, Paul, Teske, Michael, Vitale, Albert, Allman, Susan, Carlstrom, Bonnie, Wegner, Kimberley, Haroldsen, Anne, Harrison, Deborah, Fry, Cyrie, Gilman, James, Jenkins, Glen, Morris, Paula, Rauser, Michael, Fan, Joseph, Suthar, Mukesh, Santiago, Gisela, Halsey, Kara Rollins, Quesada, Christy, Kiernan, William, Knabb, Jesse, Lewis, Richard Alan, Dorenbach, Cindy, Spencer, Steven, Barnett, Dana, Morales, Joseph, Fishburne, Barron C., Gross, Jeffrey G., Magee, Michael A., Flowers, Amy, McDowell, Angie, Price, Randall, Huang, Suber, Tang, Johnny, Wilker, Shawn, Hornsby, Cherie, Ferguson, Lisa, Krogstad, Kirk, Adamovsky, Riva, Allchin, Peggy, Carlton, Kathleen, Clow, Claudia, Sholtis, Kelly, Burke, Stephanie, Harrod, Mark, Hrvatin, Stacie, Pankhurst, Geoffrey, Sabates, Nelson R., Cassell, Michael, Desai, Komal, Poulose, Abraham, Sabates, Felix, Chen, Yin, Gallimore, Gary, Konior, Yolanda, Kim, Nicola, Uwaydat, Sami, Troillett, Deborah, Aletter, Karen, Frank, Robert N., Abrams, Gary, Puklin, James, Tewari, Asheesh, Milanovic, Cheryl, Bailey, Melanie, Griffith, David, McDonald, Dena, Morehead, Kit, Sadikovic, Zlatan, Schillace, Lisa, Silvis, Elizabeth, Joondeph, Brian, Christmas, Nancy, Kimura, Alan, Liu, Mimi, Petty, Stephen, Zilis, John, Benitez, Jenny, Catlett, Cassandra Berryman, Fluegel, Eric, Mowry, Shane, Nguyen, Hoang, Reflow, David, Houghton, Odette M., Garg, Seema, Landers, Maurice B., Meredith, Travis, Barnhart, Sandy, Karmalkar, Megha, Cantrell, Debra, Esquejo-Leon, Rona Lyn, Manor, Linda, Pope, Sue, Stines, David, Stokely, Amelia, Hainsworth, Dean, Helming, Dyann, Eichelberger, Debbie, Leaton, Mary Paige, Hamm, Chuck, Chaum, Edward, Iannaccone, Alessandro, Jennings, Barbara, Murray, Tracy, Mastellone, Joe, Millay, Robert, Kim, Brian, Goddard, Theresa, Beaudette, Liza Jarrett, Changelian-Aitken, Nina, Corrada, Fernando, Dubuque, Jason, Iezzi, Raymond, Bakri, Sophie J., Pulido, Jose S., Vogen, Diane, Nielsen, Rebecca, Berg, Karin, Burrington, Jean, Howard, Shannon, Overend, Joan, Krason, Zbigniew, Lewison, Denise, Link, Thomas, Blinder, Kevin J., Engelbrecht, Nicholas E., Grand, M. Gilbert, Joseph, Daniel P., Shah, Gaurav K., Smith, Bradley, Thomas, Matthew, Weeks, Rhonda, Boyd, Lynda, Gabel, Dana, Adelman, Ron, Huang, John, Kempton, James, Parnes, Aaron, Dupont, Jennifer, Perotti, Elizabeth, Donaldson, Victoria, Fong, Kenneth, Ossorio, Pamela, Agarwal, Anita, Sternberg, Paul, Owings, Sandy, Adkins, Tony, Lok, Elaine, Munn, Garvin, Skellie, Buddy, Bhagat, Neelakshi, Roy, Monique S., Zarbin, Marco, Fay, Catherine, Lazar, Michael, Malpica, Beth, Mikheyav, Tatiana, Ulanski, Lawrence, II, Lim, Jennifer, Niec, Marcia, Johnson, Tametha, Ovando, Yesenia, Carroll, Catherine Nail, Janowicz, Mark, Schwartz, Steven, Cupp, David, Gorin, Michael, Heilweil, Gad, Hosseini, Hamid, Hubschman, Jean-Pierre, Kreiger, Allan, McCannel, Tara Young, Pan, Carolyn, Sarraf, David, Tsui, Irena, Udoetek, Joshua, Voleti, Vinad, Hitchcock, Logan, Ostrick, Rosaleen, Chun, Melissa, Kageyama, Jennie, Davila, Nilo, Lipka, Kristin, Shin, Christina, Owsley, Cynthia, Albert, Michael, Jr., Feist, Richard, Mason, John, Thomley, Martin, Johnson, Angelia, Emond, Tracy, Hamela, Joanna, Marsh, Angela, Searcey, Karen, Rookard, Kia, He, Yu-Guang, Ufret-Vincenty, Rafael L., Molai, Mike, Anderson, William, Horna, John, Letson, Alan, Cebulla, Colleen, Chang, Susie, Davidorf, Fred, Salerno, Jill, Sladoje, Laura, Stetson, Christina, Perry, Jeri, Savage, Scott, Toth, Cynthia, Jaffe, Glenn, Schuman, Stefanie, Sarin, Neeru, Crowell, Jim, Keaton, Tiffanie, Kelly, Michael, Lutman, Brian, Skelly, Marriner, Welch, Lauren, Morse, Lawrence, Hunter, Allan, Soon-Chun Park, Susanna, Wallace, Cynthia, Dhillon, Ember, Salvador, Marisa, Holderreed, Barbara, Chandra, Karishma, Kaur, Sashi, Redenbo, Ellen, Hom, Smiley, Cooney, Michael, Barbazetto, Irene, Klancnik, James M., Jr., Sorenson, John A., Yannuzzi, Lawrence, Scolaro, Maria, Agresta, Eugene, Gonzalez, Nancy, Grover, Sandeep, Chalam, K.V., Gupta, Shailesh, Lyons, Christopher, Li, Wenhua, Patel, Chirag, Carrion, Jose, Ferreyra, Henry, Rodriguez, Amberly, Molina, Iliana, Balea, Gabriel, Emory, Pam, Rico, Marlene, Siqueiros, Giorgio, Brucker, Alexander J., Dunaief, Joshua, Grunwald, Juan, Kim, Benjamin, Maguire, Albert M., VanderBeek, Brian, Drossner, Sheri, DuPont, Joan, Salvo, Rebecca, Berger, Jim, Devine, Cheryl, Nyberg, Bill, Weeney, Laurel, DiLoreto, David, Chung, Mina, Davis, Valerie, MacDowell, Peter, Gara, George O., Castillo, Daniel, Czubinski, Andrea, Keim, Melissa, Hardy, Brandi, Hollar, Rachel Grunhaus, Schueckler, Lynn, Lyon, Alice T., Weinberg, Aaron, Shiloach, Mira, Pelkofer, Nicole, Zhou, Qin, McPoland, Laura, Apte, Rajendra, Rao, P. Kumar, Pistorius, Sam, Kambarian, Jamie, Adcock, Eve, Gould, Sarah, Quinn, Melanie, Curtis, Rhonda, Frost, Amy, Meyer, Charla, Rathert, Greg, Yu, Jeannette J., Clemons, Traci E., van Asten, Freekje, and Keenan, Tiarnan D.

Published
2019
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26. Gospel Values and Catholic Education: Revitalizing the Faith Community in a Culture of 'Whatever'

Author

Shields, Richard

Abstract

The Second Vatican Council introduced a new narrative for Catholic school. Rather than serving a primarily catechetical purpose, Catholic schools were to share in the Church's evangelizing mission by embodying an ideal learning community in a manner rooted in Gospel values. This paper argues that Gospel values are not exported from the Bible and applied to Catholic schools. Instead, they emerge in the experience of teaching-learning as a humanly liberating activity in relation to the human reality of God's Kingdom realized in Jesus of Nazareth and explores revitalizing Catholic education through Gospel values, without at the same time being sectarian.

Published
2018
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27. Progression of Geographic Atrophy in Age-related Macular Degeneration: AREDS2 Report Number 16

Author

Chew, Emily Y., Ferris, Frederick L., III, SanGiovanni, John Paul, Agrón, Elvira, Clemons, Traci, Lindblad, Anne, Lindblad, Robert, Shah, Nilay, Sperduto, Robert, McBee, Wendy, Gensler, Gary, Harrington, Molly, Henning, Alice, Jones, Katrina, Thotapally, Kumar, Tull, Diana, Watson, Valerie, Williams, Kayla, Gentry, Christina, Kaufman, Francine, Morrison, Chris, Saverino, Elizabeth, Schenning, Sherrie, Blodi, Barbara, Danis, Ronald P., Davis, Matthew, Domalpally, Amitha, Glander, Kathy, Guilfoil, Gregory, Hubbard, Larry D., Johnson, Kristine, Klein, Ronald, Nardi, Barbara, Neider, Michael, Robinson, Nancy, Rosensteel, Eileen, Wabers, Hugh, Zhang, Grace, Ruby, Alan J., Capone, Antonio, Jr., Dass, Bawa, Drenser, Kimberly, Garretson, Bruce R., Hassan, Tarek S., Trese, Michael, Williams, George A., Wolfe, Jeremy, Bell, Tina, Zajechowski, Mary, Bezaire, Dennis, McIver, Fran, Medina, Anthony, Pagett, Jackie, Smith, Stephanie Hatch, Swartz, Lynn, Treuter, Tom, Antoszyk, Andrew, Brown, Justin, Browning, David J., Holland, Walter, Karow, Angella, Stalford, Kelly, Price, Angela, Ennis, Sarah, Fredenberg, Sherry, Herby, Jenna, Balasubramaniam, Uma, Clark, Loraine, McClain, Donna, McOwen, Michael, Watson, Lynn, Klein, Michael, Bailey, Steven T., Hwang, Thomas J., Lauer, Andreas, Stout, J. Timothy, McCollum, Patty, Johnson, Milt, Rice, Patrick B., Kim, Ivana, Loewenstein, John, Miller, Joan, Sobrin, Lucia, Young, Lucy, Sullivan, Jacqueline, Houlihan, Patricia, Merry, Linda, Lane, Ann Marie, Bator, Ursula Lord, Evans, Claudia, Brett, Sarah, Callahan, Charleen, Grillo, Marcia, Walsh, David, Zimmerman, Kamella Lau, Fish, Gary Edd, Anand, Rajiv, Coors, Lori E., Fuller, Dwain G., Spencer, Rand, Wang, Robert C., Duignan, Karen, Arceneaux, Sally, Aguado, Hank, Hesse, Nicholas, Mackens, Michael, Swan, Brian, Wong, Wai T., Cukras, Catherine, Dalal, Monica, Jacobs-El, Naima, Meyerle, Catherine, Nicholson, Benjamin, Wiley, Henry, Shimel, Katherine Hall, Garced, Angel, Oparah, Janice, Short, Greg, Temple, Alana, Ayukawa, Babilonia, Foster, Guy, Hayes, Darryl, Koutsandreas, Dessie, Nashwinter, Roula, Rowan, John, Bono, Michael, Cunningham, Denise, Palmer, Marilois, Zetina, Alicia, Orth, David H., Rezaei, Kourous, Civantos, Joseph, Hasan, Sohail, Packo, Kirk, Figliulo, Celeste, Stanberry, Pam, Farmer, Tara, Nelson, Kiersten, Townsend-Patrick, Shannya, Rosenfeld, Philip, Chen, Royce, Doshi, Rishi, Dubovy, Sander, Kim, Brian T., Lowrance, Matthew, Moshfeghi, Andrew, Nahas, Zayna, Schienbaum, Gary, Vishak, John, Weng, Christina, Yehoshua, Zohar, Rodriguez, Belen, Rebimbas, Jose, Gleichauf, Jane, Kicak, Mike, Mena, Jason, Odem, Tim, Sferza-Camp, Elizabeth, Disgdiertt, Alicia, Oramas, Jim, Rams, Isabel, Thatcher, Stephanie, Bressler, Susan B., Bressler, Neil M., Finkelstein, Daniel, Sherman, Steven H., Solomon, Sharon, Ying, Howard S., Denbow, Rita, Phillips, Deborah, Radcliffe, Elizabeth, Belt, Judy, Cain, Dennis, Emmert, David, Herring, Mark, McDonald, Jacquelyn, Hubbard, G. Baker, Bergstrom, Chris S., Cribbs, Blaine, Hendrick, Andrew, Johnson, Brandon, Laird, Philip, Mehta, Sonia, Olsen, Timothy, Townsend, Justin, Yan, Jion, Yeh, Steven, Curtis, Linda, Brower, Judy, Yi, Hannah, Dobbs, Jannah Rutter, Jordan, Debbie, Elman, Michael J., Liss, Robert A., Starr, JoAnn, Belz, Jennifer, Putzulo, Charlene, Coffey, Teresa, Davis, Ashley, Singletary, Pamela, Andreani, Giorya Shabi, Cain, Theresa, Ketner, Daniel, Sotirakos, Peter, Chandra, Suresh, Blodi, Barbara A., Altaweel, Michael M., Gottlieb, Justin L., Ip, Michael, Nork, T. Michael, Stevens, Thomas S., Burke, Kathryn, Olson, Shelly, Dietzman, Kristine, Soderling, Barbara, Somers, Guy, Wealti, Angie, Krolnik, Denise, Peterson, John, Reed, Sandra, Friberg, Thomas, Eller, Andrew, Gallagher, Denise, Labriola, Leanne, Pokrifka, Melissa, Gedansky, Aron, Anthony, Natalie, Grzybowski, Cassandra, Matthews, Dawn, Murajda-Jumba, Sharon, Toro, Jessica, Callanan, David G., Solley, Wayne A., Williams, Patrick, Lash, Sandy, Boleman, Bob, Dock, Chris, Shami, Michel, Arrington, Brenda, Meeks, Ashaki, Margherio, Alan R., Raphaelian, Paul, Markus, Debra, Langdon, Justin, Truax, Elizabeth, Lewis, Sandy, Terry, Brad, Noffke, Amy, Oh, Kean, Sarrafizadeh, Ramin, Sneed, Scott, Hammersley, Julie, Neal, Serena, Doran, Mary, Jones, Nan, Preston, Lisa, Jessick, Heather, Marsh, Tanya Tracy, Tolentino, Michael, Berger, Adam, Hamilton, Richard, Misch, David, Moon, Suk Jin, Sutherland, Dawn, Dilts, Vera, Henderson, Sara, Medina, Esmeralda, Trueman, Donald, Holm, Laura, Strickland, Jason, Ie, Darmakusuma, Lipkowitz, Jeffrey L., Shah, Kekul B., Geraghty, Susan, Sannazzaro, Beverly, Harper, Morgan, Bayer, Krista, Lansing, Mary B., Fox, Lauren B., Lee, Rebecca, Stallman, Jay B., Jacobson, Michael, Koh, Sean, Lampert, Scott, Miller, John, Rivellese, Mark, Sharma, Atul, Stoltz, Robert A., Vanderveldt, Stephanie, Marcus, Leslie, Hendricks, Starr, Hollman, Ryan, Betanzos, Grethel, Ellorin, Leslie, Fulbright, Shelly, McCormick, Debbie, Edwards, Paul A., Hall, Julianne, Monk, Mary, Gutkowski, Melanie, Mazurek, Melina, Murphy, Janet, Gusas, Katherine, Moffett, Crystal, Burley, David, Chesney, Nicole, Kilgo, Katie, Rusinek, Brian, Stern, Bradley, Troszak, Tracy, Baker-Levingston, Rhonda, Baker, Carl W., Caldwell, Tracey, Walker, Tammy, Lambert, Lynnette F., Martin, Tracey, Palmer, Mary Jill, Williams, Tana, Novak, Michael A., Coney, Joseph, Miller, David G., Pendergast, Scott, Singerman, Lawrence, Zakov, Nicholas, Zegarra, Hernando, DuBois, Kim, Rath, Susan, Revella, Lori, Brink, Tammy, Drury, Kim, Hogue, Lisa, Ilc, Mary, Keller, Connie, McNamara, Elizabeth, Tanner, Vivian, Cunningham, Tamara, DuBois, John, Greanoff, Gregg, Nitzsche, Trina, Smith-Brewer, Sheila, Isernhagen, Ricky D., Kitchens, John W., Stone, Thomas W., Wood, William J., Holcomb, Diana, Therrien, Virginia, Buck, Michelle, Van Arsdall, Jeanne, Slade, Edward, Schneiderman, Todd E., Spinak, David J., Gaedke, Jackie, Brown, Heather Davis, Helgren, Dan, Pangelinan, Jenifer Garrison, Halperin, Lawrence, Anagnoste, Scott, Dhalla, Mandeep, Rosenberg, Krista, Taney, Barry, Thompson, W. Scott, Lopez, Jaclyn, Hamlin, Monica, Lopez, Monica, Mariano, Jamie, Quinchia, Evelyn, Aramayo, Patricia, Veksler, Rita, Lee, Michael, Dreyer, Richard, Handelman, Irvin, Ma, Colin, Peters, Mark, Hobbs, Stephen, III, Milliron, Amanda, Kopfer, Marcia, Connaughton, Michele, Hoerner, A. Christine, Logan, R. Joseph, Wohlsein, Harry J., Boyer, David, Chu, Thomas G., Dayani, Pouya, Liao, David, Novack, Roger L., Rahhal, Firas M., Roe, Richard, Tabandeh, Homayoun, Bayramyan, Janet, Gasparyan, Tammy, Hoang, Connie, Kurokouchi, Janet, Lo, Tammy Eileen, Ngo, Richard, Nguyen, Mary Ann, Peyton, Michael, Yoon, Charles, Sierra, Julio, Zamboni, Adam, Kessinger, Jeff, Protacio, Eric, Smucker, Adam, Rath, Pamela, Bergren, Robert, Doft, Bernard, Liu, Judy, Olsen, Karl, Merlotti, Lori, Ingram, Willia, Marfisi, Kellianne, Yeckel, Kimberly, Carmelo, Heather Schultz, Fec, Amanda, McBroom, Keith, Steinberg, David, Levy, Marc, Abrams, Jody, Chen, Melvin, Torres, Waldemar, Jelemensky, Peggy, Prybylski, Mark, Raphael, Tara, Appleby, Diana, Rodman, Charlotte, Sneath, Mark, Rosa, Robert H., Jr., Hoelscher, Vanessa, Castano, Adelia, Parker, Jocelyn, Hoskins, John, Anderson, Nicholas, Googe, Joseph, Jr., McMillan, Tod A., Miller, James, Jr., Perkins, Stephen, Oliver, Kristina, Beerbower, Jennifer, Gilliland, Bruce, Hunt, Cecile, Jacobus, Mike, Lince, Raul, Morris, Christopher, Oelrich, Sarah, Whetstone, Jerry, Chan, Clement K., Lin, Steven, Walther, Kim, Gonzales, Tiana, Myers, Lenise, Huff, Kenneth, Brown, David M., Chen, Eric, Benz, Matthew S., Fish, Richard H., Kim, Rosa Y., Major, James, Jr., Wong, Tien Pei, Wycoff, Charles, Cone, Cassandra, Gilaspia, Debbie Goates, Landaverde, Nubia, Smith, Robert, Zamora, Deneva, Sneed, Veronica, Vela, Melina, Kegley, Eric, Greven, Craig, Kurup, Shree, Richards, Charles, Slusher, Madison, Everhart, Cara, Fish, Joan, Clark, Mark, Miller, David, Tyler, Marshall, Jumper, J. Michael, Fu, Arthur D., Johnson, Robert N., Lujan, Brandon, McDonald, H. Richard, Rodriguez, Rosa, Ansari, Nina, Joaquin, Jeanifer, Linares, Silvia, Lopez, Lizette, Sabio, Jessica, Grout, Sean, Indermill, Chad, Urias, Yesmin, Zimmerman, Roberto, Margulies, Linda, Schmidt, Sara J., Meier, Joy L., Hadley, Sherry L., Rosenthal, William, Johnson, Barbara, Swafford, Lois, Shields, Richard, Varner, R. Scott, Rosen, Richard, Gentile, Ronald, Rivas, Melissa, Tai, Katy W., Carrasquillo-Boyd, Wanda, Masini, Robert, Stoller, Glenn, Carnevale, Ken, LaRosa, Diane M., Burger, Barbara, Conway, Tereza, Del Castillo, Carla, Diaz, Julissa, Jones, Susan, Mondoc, Nina, Balfour, Charlene, Vitha, C.H., Lutz, Jennifer, McGinley, Barbara, El Baba, Fadi, Lavorna, Ann Marie, Jones, Renee, Lewis, Jean, Tenzler, Ruth, Salvas-Mladek, Mary, Van Kesteren, Diane, McLean, W. Copley, Jr., Bridges, W. Zachery, Jr., Stone, Cameron, Ammons, Denise, Lamy, Mary, Menzel, Andrea, Raymer, Lea Doll, Campbell, Barbara, Hawkins, Lisa, Rickman, Leslie, Sherlin, Lorraine, Price, Paula, Sinyai, Albert, Kingsley, Ronald, Bradford, Reagan H., Jr., Leonard, Robert E., II, Icks, Sonny, Bergman, Vanessa, Ross, Brittany, Burris, Russ, Butt, Amanda, Richmond, Rob, Lyon, Alice, Gill, Manjot, Jampol, Lee, Mizra, Rukhsana, Rozenbajgier, Zuzanna, Chapman, Jeremy, Kaminski, Lori, Degillio, Andrea, Simjanoski, Evica, Heier, Jeffrey, Cho, Hyung, Cleary, Tina Scheufele, Goldman, Darin, Shah, Chirag, Topping, Trexler, Weber, Marissa, Wiegand, Torsten, Schindelheim, Jeremy, Bankert, Joy, Stone, Jennifer, Nowak, Alison, Chong, Sandy, Williams, Lindsay, Bennett, Steven, Donovan, Dennis, Graham, Margaret, Jones, Cullen, Fung, Anne, Bayabo, Jan-Kristine, Bosch, Razelda, Cruz, Esperanza, Emerson, Ashley, Fleming, Alycia, Barsness, Denice, Rodriguez, Jorge, Soboleva, Marina, Scott, Ingrid U., Bowie, Esther, Neely, Kimberly A., Quillen, David A., Walter, Laura, Bennett, Timothy, Strong, James, Wells, John, III, Clark, Lloyd, Johnson, David, Miller, Peggy, Taylor, Mallie, Swinford, Tiffany, Spivey, Robbin, Banach, Michael, Ho, Lawrence, Lanning, Richard, Pheasant, Thomas R., Prensky, Jay G., Truong, Steven, Teatsworth, Julia, Dietrich, Michelle, Wasilus, Ann, Miller, Ann, Rakes, Megan, Slagle, Teresa, Richards, Michelle, Schuessler, Patricia, Stover, Lacy, Beer, Paul, Falk, Naomi S., Shannon, Mary Beth, Olmeda, Jeannie, Berdeen, Don, Fisher, Joseph F., Jr., Folk, James, Russell, Stephen, Taylor, Barbara, Hinz, Connie, Walshire, Jean, Stockman, Heather, Critser, Bruce, Karakas, Stefani, Montague, Cindy, Verdick, Randy, Gupta, Omesh, Maguire, Joseph, Brady, Christopher, DeCroos, Francis Char, Dollin, Michael, Garg, Sunir, Gerstenblith, Adam, Haller, Julia, Ho, Allen C., Hsu, Jason, Kaiser, Richard, Pitcher, John, Regillo, Carl, Shah, Rajiv, Spirn, Marc, Tasman, William, Vander, James, Senderowitsch, Noga, Formoso, Michele, Markun, Michelle, George, Cedric, Centinaro, Christina, Grande, Lisa, Carey, Stefanie, Liebenbaum, Elaine, Sadda, SriniVas, Humayun, Mark, Sierra, Rachel, Corona, Elizabeth, Padilla, Margaret, Nu, Moonseok, Ramos, Sylvia, Barnett, Cullen, Currie, Glenn, Gottlieb, Cornelia, Garfinkel, Richard, Berinstein, Daniel, Colyer, Marcus, Deegan, William, III, Min-Shyue Lai, Michael, Murphy, Robert, Osman, Michael, Rivers, Michael, Sanders, Reginald, von Fricken, Manfred A., Oliver, Debbie, Kirshon, Jeanne, Snowden, Tanya Alexander, Blondo, Thomas, Cronise, Alysia, Denny, Vanessa, Mendez, Kylie, Newgen, Janine, Davis, Justin, Flory, Mike, Frantz, Robert, Murphy, Bryan, Rauch, Steve, Kim, Judy E., Bachman, Jane, Connor, Thomas B., Jr., Han, Dennis P., Stepian, Kimberly, Weinberg, David V., Wirostko, William J., Packard, Krissa, Kaczanowski, Tracy, Williams, Vesper, Barwick, Vicki, Flanders, Judy, Backes, Dennis, Beringer, Joe, Keller, Kristy, Selchert, Kathy, Bernstein, Paul, Teske, Michael, Vitale, Albert, Allman, Susan, Carlstrom, Bonnie, Wegner, Kimberley, Haroldsen, Anne, Harrison, Deborah, Fry, Cyrie, Gilman, James, Jenkins, Glen, Morris, Paula, Rauser, Michael, Fan, Joseph, Suthar, Mukesh, Santiago, Gisela, Halsey, Kara Rollins, Quesada, Christy, Kiernan, William, Knabb, Jesse, Lewis, Richard Alan, Dorenbach, Cindy, Spencer, Steven, Barnett, Dana, Morales, Joseph, Fishburne, Barron C., Gross, Jeffrey G., Magee, Michael A., Flowers, Amy, McDowell, Angie, Price, Randall, Huang, Suber, Tang, Johnny, Wilker, Shawn, Hornsby, Cherie, Ferguson, Lisa, Krogstad, Kirk, Adamovsky, Riva, Allchin, Peggy, Carlton, Kathleen, Clow, Claudia, Sholtis, Kelly, Burke, Stephanie, Harrod, Mark, Hrvatin, Stacie, Pankhurst, Geoffrey, Sabates, Nelson R., Cassell, Michael, Desai, Komal, Poulose, Abraham, Sabates, Felix, Chen, Yin, Gallimore, Gary, Konior, Yolanda, Kim, Nicola, Uwaydat, Sami, Troillett, Deborah, Aletter, Karen, Frank, Robert N., Abrams, Gary, Puklin, James, Tewari, Asheesh, Milanovic, Cheryl, Bailey, Melanie, Griffith, David, McDonald, Dena, Morehead, Kit, Sadikovic, Zlatan, Schillace, Lisa, Silvis, Elizabeth, Joondeph, Brian, Christmas, Nancy, Kimura, Alan, Liu, Mimi, Petty, Stephen, Zilis, John, Benitez, Jenny, Catlett, Cassandra Berryman, Fluegel, Eric, Mowry, Shane, Nguyen, Hoang, Reflow, David, Houghton, Odette M., Garg, Seema, Landers, Maurice B., Meredith, Travis, Barnhart, Sandy, Karmalkar, Megha, Cantrell, Debra, Esquejo-Leon, Rona Lyn, Manor, Linda, Pope, Sue, Stines, David, Stokely, Amelia, Hainsworth, Dean, Helming, Dyann, Eichelberger, Debbie, Leaton, Mary Paige, Hamm, Chuck, Chaum, Edward, Iannaccone, Alessandro, Jennings, Barbara, Murray, Tracy, Mastellone, Joe, Millay, Robert, Kim, Brian, Goddard, Theresa, Beaudette, Liza Jarrett, Changelian-Aitken, Nina, Corrada, Fernando, Dubuque, Jason, Iezzi, Raymond, Bakri, Sophie J., Pulido, Jose S., Vogen, Diane, Nielsen, Rebecca, Berg, Karin, Burrington, Jean, Howard, Shannon, Overend, Joan, Krason, Zbigniew, Lewison, Denise, Link, Thomas, Blinder, Kevin J., Engelbrecht, Nicholas E., Grand, M. Gilbert, Joseph, Daniel P., Shah, Gaurav K., Smith, Bradley, Thomas, Matthew, Weeks, Rhonda, Boyd, Lynda, Gabel, Dana, Adelman, Ron, Huang, John, Kempton, James, Parnes, Aaron, Dupont, Jennifer, Perotti, Elizabeth, Donaldson, Victoria, Fong, Kenneth, Ossorio, Pamela, Agarwal, Anita, Sternberg, Paul, Owings, Sandy, Adkins, Tony, Lok, Elaine, Munn, Garvin, Skellie, Buddy, Bhagat, Neelakshi, Roy, Monique S., Zarbin, Marco, Fay, Catherine, Lazar, Michael, Malpica, Beth, Mikheyav, Tatiana, Ulanski, Lawrence, II, Lim, Jennifer, Niec, Marcia, Johnson, Tametha, Ovando, Yesenia, Carroll, Catherine Nail, Janowicz, Mark, Schwartz, Steven, Cupp, David, Gorin, Michael, Heilweil, Gad, Hosseini, Hamid, Hubschman, Jean-Pierre, Kreiger, Allan, McCannel, Tara Young, Pan, Carolyn, Sarraf, David, Tsui, Irena, Udoetek, Joshua, Voleti, Vinad, Hitchcock, Logan, Ostrick, Rosaleen, Chun, Melissa, Kageyama, Jennie, Davila, Nilo, Lipka, Kristin, Shin, Christina, Owsley, Cynthia, Albert, Michael, Jr., Feist, Richard, Mason, John, Thomley, Martin, Johnson, Angelia, Emond, Tracy, Hamela, Joanna, Marsh, Angela, Searcey, Karen, Rookard, Kia, He, Yu-Guang, Ufret-Vincenty, Rafael L., Molai, Mike, Anderson, William, Horna, John, Letson, Alan, Cebulla, Colleen, Chang, Susie, Davidorf, Fred, Salerno, Jill, Sladoje, Laura, Stetson, Christina, Perry, Jeri, Savage, Scott, Toth, Cynthia, Jaffe, Glenn, Schuman, Stefanie, Sarin, Neeru, Crowell, Jim, Keaton, Tiffanie, Kelly, Michael, Lutman, Brian, Skelly, Marriner, Welch, Lauren, Morse, Lawrence, Hunter, Allan, Soon-Chun Park, Susanna, Wallace, Cynthia, Dhillon, Ember, Salvador, Marisa, Holderreed, Barbara, Chandra, Karishma, Kaur, Sashi, Redenbo, Ellen, Hom, Smiley, Cooney, Michael, Barbazetto, Irene, Klancnik, James M., Jr., Sorenson, John A., Yannuzzi, Lawrence, Scolaro, Maria, Agresta, Eugene, Gonzalez, Nancy, Grover, Sandeep, Chalam, K.V., Gupta, Shailesh, Lyons, Christopher, Li, Wenhua, Patel, Chirag, Carrion, Jose, Ferreyra, Henry, Rodriguez, Amberly, Molina, Iliana, Balea, Gabriel, Emory, Pam, Rico, Marlene, Siqueiros, Giorgio, Brucker, Alexander J., Dunaief, Joshua, Grunwald, Juan, Kim, Benjamin, Maguire, Albert M., VanderBeek, Brian, Drossner, Sheri, DuPont, Joan, Salvo, Rebecca, Berger, Jim, Devine, Cheryl, Nyberg, Bill, Weeney, Laurel, DiLoreto, David, Chung, Mina, Davis, Valerie, MacDowell, Peter, Gara, George O., Castillo, Daniel, Czubinski, Andrea, Keim, Melissa, Hardy, Brandi, Hollar, Rachel Grunhaus, Schueckler, Lynn, Lyon, Alice T., Weinberg, Aaron, Shiloach, Mira, Pelkofer, Nicole, Zhou, Qin, McPoland, Laura, Apte, Rajendra, Rao, P. Kumar, Pistorius, Sam, Kambarian, Jamie, Adcock, Eve, Gould, Sarah, Quinn, Melanie, Curtis, Rhonda, Frost, Amy, Meyer, Charla, Rathert, Greg, Keenan, Tiarnan D., Clemons, Traci E., van Asten, Freekje, Danis, Ronald G., Rosenfeld, Philip J., Klein, Michael L., Ratnapriya, Rinki, and Swaroop, Anand

Published
2018
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39. Fostering Interprofessional Teamwork in an Academic Medical Center: Near-Peer Education for Students during Gross Medical Anatomy

Author

Shields, Richard K., Pizzimenti, Marc A., and Dudley-Javoroski, Shauna

Abstract

The purpose of this report is to describe student satisfaction with a near-peer interprofessional education (IPE) session for physical therapy and medical students. Ten senior physical therapy students worked in peer-groups to develop a musculoskeletal anatomy demonstration for first-semester medical students. Together with their classmates, they demonstrated observation, palpation, and musculoskeletal assessment of the shoulder and scapular-thoracic articulation to medical student dissection groups in the Gross Anatomy laboratory. The medical students were encouraged to consider the synergistic function of shoulder structures and the potential impact of a selected pathology: rotator cuff injury. The session provided the medical students with an opportunity to integrate their new anatomical knowledge into a framework for clinical musculoskeletal evaluation. The experience offered senior physical therapy students an opportunity to work in teams with their peers, internalize and adapt to constructive feedback, and seek common ground with members of another profession. Both student groups reported a high degree of satisfaction with the sessions and expressed a desire for further interaction. These positive perceptions by student stakeholders have prompted us to consider additional IPE exchanges for the anatomy course in the upcoming school year. Given the positive outcome of this descriptive study, we now plan to systematically test whether near-peer IPE interactions can enhance the degree that students learn key anatomical concepts.

Published
2015
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41. Precision Physical Therapy: Exercise, the Epigenome, and the Heritability of Environmentally Modified Traits

Author

Woelfel, Jessica R., Dudley-Javoroski, Shauna, and Shields, Richard K.

Subjects
Usage, Health aspects, Analysis, Physical therapy -- Usage, Exercise -- Health aspects, Epigenetic inheritance -- Analysis, Physical therapists, Genes, Epidemiology, Health, Exercise therapy, Type 2 diabetes
Abstract

Physical therapists prescribe physical activity/exercise to improve cell, tissue, organ, and system function to advance the health and well-being of individuals. Our mechanistic understanding of the ways in which our [...], One of the newest frontiers of physical therapy is the field of epigenetics, which examines how pervasive environmental factors such as exercise regulate the expression of genes. The epigenome may be one of the most powerful systems through which exercise exerts its beneficial effects on health and longevity. Large epidemiology studies show that individuals who regularly exercise demonstrate a lower "epigenetic age," experience fewer metabolic diseases, and enjoy greater longevity. However, the dose, mode, intensity, and duration of exercise required to achieve a healthy epigenetic profile is unknown. As experts in exercise prescription, physical therapists are ideally suited to contribute to the discovery of this dose-response relationship. This perspective makes a case for the genesis of "precision physical therapy," which capitalizes on epigenetic discoveries to optimize exercise-based interventions. Summarized here is the emerging body of knowledge supporting epigenetic adaptations to exercise in humans, including the intriguing possibility that these environmentally modified traits could be passed down to offspring. In the future, it is likely that epigenetic data will enhance our understanding of individual disease risk and individual response to prescribed exercise. The profession of physical therapy must be alert to new epigenetic knowledge that can enhance the specificity and efficacy of movement-based treatments.

Published
2018
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42. Benchmarking the Physical Therapist Academic Environment to Understand the Student Experience

Author

Shields, Richard K., Dudley-Javoroski, Shauna, Sass, Kelly J., and Becker, Marcie

Subjects
Standards, Comparative analysis, Physical therapy schools -- Standards -- Comparative analysis, Educational standards -- Comparative analysis, Educational environment -- Standards -- Comparative analysis, Medical schools -- Standards -- Comparative analysis
Abstract

To meet requirements for accreditation, physical therapist academic programs conduct self-assessment analyses to gauge the quality of their educational environment. Each program tailors its quality-assessment strategies toward its own individual [...], Background. Identifying excellence in physical therapist academic environments is complicated by the lack of nationally available benchmarking data. Objective. The objective of this study was to compare a physical therapist academic environment to another health care profession (medicine) academic environment using the Association of American Medical Colleges Graduation Questionnaire (GQ) survey. Design. The design consisted of longitudinal benchmarking. Methods. Between 2009 and 2017, the GQ was administered to graduates of a physical therapist education program (Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa [PTRS]). Their ratings of the educational environment were compared to nationwide data for a peer health care profession (medicine) educational environment. Benchmarking to the GQ capitalizes on a large, psychometrically validated database of academic domains that may be broadly applicable to health care education. The GQ captures critical information about the student experience (eg, faculty professionalism, burnout, student mistreatment) that can be used to characterize the educational environment. This study hypothesized that the ratings provided by 9 consecutive cohorts of PTRS students (n = 316) would reveal educational environment differences from academic medical education. Results. PTRS students reported significantly higher ratings of the educational emotional climate and student-faculty interactions than medical students. PTRS and medical students did not differ on ratings of empathy and tolerance for ambiguity. PTRS students reported significantly lower ratings of burnout than medical students. PTRS students descriptively reported observing greater faculty professionalism and experiencing less mistreatment than medical students. Limitations. The generalizability of these findings to other physical therapist education environments has not been established. Conclusions. Selected elements of the GQ survey revealed differences in the educational environments experienced by physical therapist students and medical students. All physical therapist academic programs should adopt a universal method to benchmark the educational environment to understand the student experience.

Published
2018
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43. Supplemental Material - Multifractal Nonlinearity Moderates Feedforward and Feedback Responses to Suprapostural Perturbations

Author

Kelty-Stephen, Damian G., Lee, Jinhyun, Cole, Keith R., Shields, Richard K., and Mangalam, Madhur

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
Abstract

Supplemental Material for Multifractal Nonlinearity Moderates Feedforward and Feedback Responses to Suprapostural Perturbations by Damian G. Kelty-Stephen, Jinhyun Lee, Keith R. Cole, Richard K. Shields, and Madhur Mangalam in Perceptual and Motor Skills

Published
2023
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50. Turning Over the Hourglass

Author

Shields, Richard K.

Subjects
American Physical Therapy Association -- Achievements and awards, Practice, Achievements and awards, Physical therapists -- Achievements and awards
Abstract

Richard K Shields, PT, PhD, has contributed to the physical therapy profession as a clinician, scientist, and academic leader (Fig. 1). Dr Shields is professor and department executive officer of [...]

Published
2017
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