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1. All-optical steering on the proton emission in laser-induced nanoplasmas

Author: Fenghao Sun, Qiwen Qu, Hui Li, Shicheng Jiang, Qingcao Liu, Shuai Ben, Yu Pei, Jiaying Liang, Jiawei Wang, Shanshan Song, Jian Gao, Weifeng Yang, Hongxing Xu, and Jian Wu
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Nanoplasmas induced by intense laser fields have attracted enormous attention due to their accompanied spectacular physical phenomena which are vigorously expected by the community of science and industry. For instance, the energetic electrons and ions produced in laser-driven nanoplasmas are significant for the development of compact beam sources. Nevertheless, effective confinement on the propagating charged particles, which was realized through magnetic field modulation and target structure design in big facilities, are largely absent in the microscopic regime. Here we introduce a reliable scheme to provide control on the emission direction of protons generated from surface ionization in gold nanoparticles driven by intense femtosecond laser fields. The ionization level of the nanosystem provides us a knob to manipulate the characteristics of the collective proton emission. The most probable emission direction can be precisely steered by tuning the excitation strength of the laser pulses. This work opens new avenue for controlling the ion emission in nanoplasmas and can vigorously promote the fields such as development of on-chip beam sources at micro-/nano-scales.
Published: 2024
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2. Conical Intersection versus Avoided Crossing: Geometric Phase Effect in Molecular High-Order Harmonics

Author: Guanglu Yuan, Ruifeng Lu, Shicheng Jiang, and Konstantin Dorfman
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract: Nonadiabatic dynamics around an avoided crossing or a conical intersection play a crucial role in the photoinduced processes of most polyatomic molecules. The present work shows that the topological phase in conical intersection makes the behavior of pump-probe high-order harmonic signals different from the case of avoided crossing. The coherence built up when the system crosses the avoided crossing will lead to the oscillatory behavior of the spectrum, while the geometric phase erodes these oscillations in the case of conical intersection. Additionally, the dynamical blueshift and the splitting of the time-resolved spectrum allow capturing the snapshot dynamics with the sub-femtosecond resolution.
Published: 2023
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3. Orientation-Dependent High-Order Harmonic Generation from Monolayer ZnO

Author: Zijian Hu, Xiance Xie, Zhihong Yang, Yunhui Wang, and Shicheng Jiang
Subjects: high harmonic generation, Berry curvature, laser-induced current, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract: Solid-state high-order harmonic generation (HHG) now is a strong tool for detecting target properties, like band structure, Berry curvature and transition dipole moments (TDMs). However, the physical mechanism of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in solids has not been fully elucidated. According to previously published works, in addition to the inter-band polarization, intra-band currents, and anomalous currents due to Berry curvature, there is another term which will be called the mixture term (MT). Taking monolayer ZnO as a sample, it is found that the intensity of the mixture term, which has been ignored for a long time in previous works, actually is comparable with other terms. Additionally, we compare the orientation-dependent HHG spectra that originated from different mechanisms. It is found that the inter-band and mixture HHG show similar orientation features. Meanwhile, Berry curvature only produces perpendicularly polarized even harmonics, and intra-band perpendicularly polarized even harmonics show special orientation features which can be explained by the orientation-dependent group velocity. This work will help people understand the mechanisms of solid-HHG better.
Published: 2023
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4. Energy balance and partitioning over grasslands on the Mongolian Plateau

Author: Jingyan Chen, Gang Dong, Jiquan Chen, Shicheng Jiang, Luping Qu, Tsegaye Gemechu Legesse, Fangyuan Zhao, Qi Tong, Changliang Shao, and Xingguo Han
Subjects: Vegetation dynamics, Evapotranspiration, Sensible heat, Eddy covariance, Steppe, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Energy flux is a key component and driving factor in ecosystem processes and functions. Using 2015 datasets of eddy covariance, vegetation and meteorological measurements at four dominant ecosystems on the Mongolian Plateau, we analyzed the inter-site and seasonal variations and underlying biophysical controls on energy balance and partitioning in a meadow steppe (MDW), typical steppe (TPL), dry typical steppe (DRT) and shrubland (SHB). Vegetation dynamics dominated the energy partitioning. The growing season (May-Sept) net radiation (Rn) was 20% less at SHB due to higher bare soil coverage area than that at MDW. High vegetation cover and soil water content resulted in the highest latent heat (LE) at MDW, while sparse vegetation showed the highest sensible heat (H) at DRT among the four vegetation types. The Bowen ratios (β, H/LE) at TPL (1.68), DRT (1.44) and SHB (1.44) were an order of magnitude higher than that at MDW (0.14). At DRT and SHB, β had significantly negative feedback on canopy conductance (p
Published: 2022
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5. Land uses changed the dynamics and controls of carbon-water exchanges in alkali-saline Songnen Plain of Northeast China

Author: Gang Dong, Fangyuan Zhao, Jiquan Chen, Luping Qu, Shicheng Jiang, Jingyan Chen, Xiaoping Xin, and Changliang Shao
Subjects: Land cover/land use, Alkali-saline land, Fencing, Clipping, Paddy field, Net ecosystem productivity, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Land reclamation and grassland management are important land utilization pattern for effective use and restoration of alkali-saline land in agriculture-pasture transition regions. These large-scale land cover/land use changes (LCLUC) could impose profound and divergent impacts on terrestrial carbon (C) and H2O cycling, hence require precise assessment of ecosystem CO2 uptake and water use differences due to specific land use of the same climate/soil landscape. We initiated clustered eddy covariance flux-tower observations and C/H2O fluxes analysis of 4 adjacent representative land cover and grassland managements types on alkali-saline Songnen Plain, including fenced meadow (as reference land use), clipped meadow, degraded alkali-saline land and paddy field in 2018–2019. Results showed that differences in land use influenced the magnitude and temporal variation of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and evapotranspiration (ET). Compared to fenced meadow, paddy field increased growing season C uptake by 63.3% and ET by 35.4%, while degraded alkali-saline land and clipped meadow decreased C uptake by 43.0% and 30.6%, and ET by 32.1% and 3.2%. Degraded alkali-saline land barely sequestrate C in dry year, whereas paddy field is least sensitive to inter-annual precipitation variation. Growing season C uptake was advanced in clipped meadow due to increased surface temperature, while monthly ET peaked early at May in paddy field. Agricultural use and specific grassland management also caused large differences in ET partitioning. Fenced meadow had greater ET partitioned into transpiration (69%) than clipped meadow (58%), degraded alkali-saline land and paddy field (41% and 34%, respectively). Water use efficiency appeared greater in clipped meadow and degraded alkali-saline land than in fenced meadow, and responded differently to abiotic factors. Overall, large-scale LCLUC has exerted significant influence on terrestrial C/H2O balances and physical responses in alkali-saline Songnen Plain.
Published: 2021
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6. Small precipitation events enhance the Eurasian grassland carbon sink

Author: Tsegaye Gemechu Legesse, Gang Dong, Shicheng Jiang, Jingyan Chen, Xiaobing Dong, Nano Alemu Daba, Eba Muluneh Sorecha, Luping Qu, Li Tian, and Changliang Shao
Subjects: Ecosystem carbon flux, Eddy-covariance, Grassland, Mongolian Plateau, Small size precipitation, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Different sizes of precipitation are specifically essential in controlling plant physiological processes in ecosystems and extremely important for predicting the effects of precipitation on arid and semiarid region carbon cycle. However, the sizes of precipitation events and their role in carbon flux processes remain unclear. A consecutive three years (2014–2016) eddy covariance flux measurements were conducted to investigate the changes in carbon fluxes under different sizes of precipitation in Mongolia – typical steppe (TPL), meadow steppe (MDW) and shrubland (SHB). Most of the precipitation distributions were dominated by small size events over all sites of the study area. Gross primary productivity reached highest on days with 2 mm d−1 and 5 mm d−1 of precipitation in 2015 and 2014, respectively in TPL, whereas the highest gross primary productivity observed at 10–25 mm d−1 precipitation size in both MDW and SHB. The ecosystem respiration changed positively with different sizes of precipitation events, except for the 5 mm d−1 and 10 mm d−1 precipitation size in the study sites. There existed positive relationship between net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and small size precipitation event in both TPL and MDW. The slight association was detected between NEE and small size precipitation (
Published: 2021
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7. Effects of changes in precipitation on energy and water balance in a Eurasian meadow steppe

Author: Jingyan Chen, Changliang Shao, Shicheng Jiang, Luping Qu, Fangyuan Zhao, and Gang Dong
Subjects: Energy balance, Energy partition, Precipitation change, Eddy covariance, Drought, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Abstract Introduction Water such as precipitation is the most critical environment driver of ecosystem processes and functions in semi-arid regions. Frequency and intensity of drought and transient waterlogging are expected to increase in the meadow steppe in northeastern China. Using a 4-year dataset of eddy covariance flux measurements, ground measurements of biomass, phenology, and meteorological conditions, we investigated the changes in energy fluxes at multiple temporal scales and under different precipitation regimes. Results The meadow steppe was latent heat (LE) dominated when soil water content was > 0.3 m3 m−3, but switched to sensible heat (H) dominated status when soil water content fell below 0.3 m3 m−3. LE dominated the energy exchange of the meadow grasslands on a yearly basis. Intensive precipitation had a profound impact on water-energy balance that could reduce the damages of drought by elevating deep soil moisture. The influence of LE on waterlogging depended on timing, with increased LE at the beginning of growing season and decreased LE after waterlogging. Spring and summer droughts resulted in different energy partitioning between latent and sensible heat energies, with spring drought dramatically decreased the LE fraction due to the change in water. In contrast, summer drought had little impact on LE due to the sufficient water input from large precipitation events at the beginning of the growing season. Conclusions There existed great seasonal and interannual variabilities in energy balance and partitioning in the meadow steppe over the 4-year study period, which were strongly influenced by changes in precipitation. The water loss through latent heat was more sensitive to spring drought than to summer drought, while summer drought had negligible impact on LE. Waterlogging contributed to LE by enhancing its values during and after the waterlogged periods at the beginning of the growing season in a dry year, but lowering its value after the waterlogged periods in growing season.
Published: 2019
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8. Role of Shift Vector in High-Harmonic Generation from Noncentrosymmetric Topological Insulators under Strong Laser Fields

Author: Chen Qian, Chao Yu, Shicheng Jiang, Tan Zhang, Jiacheng Gao, Shang Shi, Hanqi Pi, Hongming Weng, and Ruifeng Lu
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: As a promising avenue to obtain a new extreme ultraviolet light source and detect electronic properties, high-harmonic generation (HHG) has been actively developed in both theory and experiment. In solids lacking inversion symmetry, when electrons undergo a nonadiabatic transition, a directional charge shift occurs and is characterized by a shift vector, which measures the real-space shift of the photoexcited electron and hole. For the first time, we reveal that the shift vector plays a prominent role in the real-space tunneling mechanism of the three-step model for electrons under strong laser fields. Since the shift vector is determined by the topological properties of related wave functions, we expect that the contribution of HHG can provide direct knowledge of the band topology in noncentrosymmetric topological insulators (TIs). In both the Kane-Mele model and the realistic material BiTeI, we find that the shift vector reverses when band inversion happens during the topological phase transition between the normal insulator and the TI. Under oscillating strong laser fields, the reversal of the shift vector leads to completely opposite radiation time of high-order harmonics. This makes HHG a feasible, all-optical, strong-field method to directly identify the band inversion in noncentrosymmetric TIs.
Published: 2022
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9. Author Correction: The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

Author: Gilberto Pastorello, Carlo Trotta, Eleonora Canfora, Housen Chu, Danielle Christianson, You-Wei Cheah, Cristina Poindexter, Jiquan Chen, Abdelrahman Elbashandy, Marty Humphrey, Peter Isaac, Diego Polidori, Markus Reichstein, Alessio Ribeca, Catharine van Ingen, Nicolas Vuichard, Leiming Zhang, Brian Amiro, Christof Ammann, M. Altaf Arain, Jonas Ardö, Timothy Arkebauer, Stefan K. Arndt, Nicola Arriga, Marc Aubinet, Mika Aurela, Dennis Baldocchi, Alan Barr, Eric Beamesderfer, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Onil Bergeron, Jason Beringer, Christian Bernhofer, Daniel Berveiller, Dave Billesbach, Thomas Andrew Black, Peter D. Blanken, Gil Bohrer, Julia Boike, Paul V. Bolstad, Damien Bonal, Jean-Marc Bonnefond, David R. Bowling, Rosvel Bracho, Jason Brodeur, Christian Brümmer, Nina Buchmann, Benoit Burban, Sean P. Burns, Pauline Buysse, Peter Cale, Mauro Cavagna, Pierre Cellier, Shiping Chen, Isaac Chini, Torben R. Christensen, James Cleverly, Alessio Collalti, Claudia Consalvo, Bruce D. Cook, David Cook, Carole Coursolle, Edoardo Cremonese, Peter S. Curtis, Ettore D’Andrea, Humberto da Rocha, Xiaoqin Dai, Kenneth J. Davis, Bruno De Cinti, Agnes de Grandcourt, Anne De Ligne, Raimundo C. De Oliveira, Nicolas Delpierre, Ankur R. Desai, Carlos Marcelo Di Bella, Paul di Tommasi, Han Dolman, Francisco Domingo, Gang Dong, Sabina Dore, Pierpaolo Duce, Eric Dufrêne, Allison Dunn, Jiří Dušek, Derek Eamus, Uwe Eichelmann, Hatim Abdalla M. ElKhidir, Werner Eugster, Cacilia M. Ewenz, Brent Ewers, Daniela Famulari, Silvano Fares, Iris Feigenwinter, Andrew Feitz, Rasmus Fensholt, Gianluca Filippa, Marc Fischer, John Frank, Marta Galvagno, Mana Gharun, Damiano Gianelle, Bert Gielen, Beniamino Gioli, Anatoly Gitelson, Ignacio Goded, Mathias Goeckede, Allen H. Goldstein, Christopher M. Gough, Michael L. Goulden, Alexander Graf, Anne Griebel, Carsten Gruening, Thomas Grünwald, Albin Hammerle, Shijie Han, Xingguo Han, Birger Ulf Hansen, Chad Hanson, Juha Hatakka, Yongtao He, Markus Hehn, Bernard Heinesch, Nina Hinko-Najera, Lukas Hörtnagl, Lindsay Hutley, Andreas Ibrom, Hiroki Ikawa, Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski, Dalibor Janouš, Wilma Jans, Rachhpal Jassal, Shicheng Jiang, Tomomichi Kato, Myroslava Khomik, Janina Klatt, Alexander Knohl, Sara Knox, Hideki Kobayashi, Georgia Koerber, Olaf Kolle, Yoshiko Kosugi, Ayumi Kotani, Andrew Kowalski, Bart Kruijt, Julia Kurbatova, Werner L. Kutsch, Hyojung Kwon, Samuli Launiainen, Tuomas Laurila, Bev Law, Ray Leuning, Yingnian Li, Michael Liddell, Jean-Marc Limousin, Marryanna Lion, Adam J. Liska, Annalea Lohila, Ana López-Ballesteros, Efrén López-Blanco, Benjamin Loubet, Denis Loustau, Antje Lucas-Moffat, Johannes Lüers, Siyan Ma, Craig Macfarlane, Vincenzo Magliulo, Regine Maier, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, Barbara Marcolla, Hank A. Margolis, Serena Marras, William Massman, Mikhail Mastepanov, Roser Matamala, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Francesco Mazzenga, Harry McCaughey, Ian McHugh, Andrew M. S. McMillan, Lutz Merbold, Wayne Meyer, Tilden Meyers, Scott D. Miller, Stefano Minerbi, Uta Moderow, Russell K. Monson, Leonardo Montagnani, Caitlin E. Moore, Eddy Moors, Virginie Moreaux, Christine Moureaux, J. William Munger, Taro Nakai, Johan Neirynck, Zoran Nesic, Giacomo Nicolini, Asko Noormets, Matthew Northwood, Marcelo Nosetto, Yann Nouvellon, Kimberly Novick, Walter Oechel, Jørgen Eivind Olesen, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Shirley A. Papuga, Frans-Jan Parmentier, Eugenie Paul-Limoges, Marian Pavelka, Matthias Peichl, Elise Pendall, Richard P. Phillips, Kim Pilegaard, Norbert Pirk, Gabriela Posse, Thomas Powell, Heiko Prasse, Suzanne M. Prober, Serge Rambal, Üllar Rannik, Naama Raz-Yaseef, Corinna Rebmann, David Reed, Victor Resco de Dios, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Borja R. Reverter, Marilyn Roland, Simone Sabbatini, Torsten Sachs, Scott R. Saleska, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete, Zulia M. Sanchez-Mejia, Hans Peter Schmid, Marius Schmidt, Karl Schneider, Frederik Schrader, Ivan Schroder, Russell L. Scott, Pavel Sedlák, Penélope Serrano-Ortíz, Changliang Shao, Peili Shi, Ivan Shironya, Lukas Siebicke, Ladislav Šigut, Richard Silberstein, Costantino Sirca, Donatella Spano, Rainer Steinbrecher, Robert M. Stevens, Cove Sturtevant, Andy Suyker, Torbern Tagesson, Satoru Takanashi, Yanhong Tang, Nigel Tapper, Jonathan Thom, Michele Tomassucci, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Shawn Urbanski, Riccardo Valentini, Michiel van der Molen, Eva van Gorsel, Ko van Huissteden, Andrej Varlagin, Joseph Verfaillie, Timo Vesala, Caroline Vincke, Domenico Vitale, Natalia Vygodskaya, Jeffrey P. Walker, Elizabeth Walter-Shea, Huimin Wang, Robin Weber, Sebastian Westermann, Christian Wille, Steven Wofsy, Georg Wohlfahrt, Sebastian Wolf, William Woodgate, Yuelin Li, Roberto Zampedri, Junhui Zhang, Guoyi Zhou, Donatella Zona, Deb Agarwal, Sebastien Biraud, Margaret Torn, and Dario Papale
Subjects: Science
Abstract: A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00851-9.
Published: 2021
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10. The role of transition dipole phase in atomic attosecond transient absorption from the multi-level model

Author: Guanglu Yuan, Shicheng Jiang, Ziwen Wang, Weijie Hua, Chao Yu, Cheng Jin, and Ruifeng Lu
Subjects: Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract: Based on a multilevel model considering enough bound electronic states of atoms, we theoretically study the role of the transition dipole phase (TDP) in the attosecond transient absorption (ATA) spectrum of helium in intense laser fields. By solving the stationary Schrödinger equation with B-spline basis sets, we first calculate the transition dipole moments with well-defined phases between the bound states. Using the modified multilevel model, we reveal that the TDP plays an important role in determining the spectral structures if two or more paths populate the excited states from the ground state. Our multilevel model with the accurate TDP is convenient to address the origin of atomic ATA spectral structures by freely removing or adding specific electronic states and has been justified by comparing with the ATA spectra via directly solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Hopefully, further incorporating macroscopic propagation into the model will provide indepth physical insights into experimental ATA spectra.
Published: 2019
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11. High order harmonic generation in solids: a review on recent numerical methods

Author: Chao Yu, Shicheng Jiang, and Ruifeng Lu
Subjects: ultrafast laser, strong field, high-order harmonic generation, solid materials, numerical simulations, laser-crystal interaction, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Interaction of intense lasers with solid materials offers an alternative way to achieve high-order harmonic generation (HHG). Since the underlying mechanisms of the harmonic emission remain uncertain, a large number of theoretical studies have been proposed to explain the experimental findings in this fast-growing field. Here, we review the primary numerical methods and present a brief perspective of HHG in solids.
Published: 2019
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12. Non-climatic component provoked substantial spatiotemporal changes of carbon and water use efficiency on the Mongolian Plateau

Author: Gang Dong, Fangyuan Zhao, Jiquan Chen, Yaoqi Zhang, Luping Qu, Shicheng Jiang, Batkhishig Ochirbat, Jingyan Chen, Xiaoping Xin, and Changliang Shao
Subjects: grassland, dryland, carbon use efficiency, water use efficiency, social-ecological systems (SES), Mongolian Plateau, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Understanding the joint impact of anthropologic and climatic changes on ecosystem function and dynamics is among the frontiers in global environmental change studies. Carbon and water balances are especially crucial to the sustainable ecosystem and functional returns in sensitive regions such as the Mongolian Plateau. In this study, the significance of non-climatic component (NCC) on carbon and water use efficiency (CUE and WUE) is quantified among the ecosystem types on the Mongolian Plateau. We mapped the spatial gradients of carbon/water balance and delineated the hotspots of NCC-driven CUE and WUE for 2000–2013 using gross and net primary production (GPP and NPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) products derived from the MODIS databases. Significantly higher CUE and WUE values were found in Mongolia (MG) than in Inner Mongolia (IM) due to both climatic forcing (CF) and NCC. NCC was found to dominate the changes in CUE and WUE in the steppes on the plateau by over 16% and 22%, respectively, but with spatially uneven distributions. NCC-driven WUE values were much higher than those driven by CF. The hotspots for NCC-driven CUE did not overlap with those of WUE, with CUE hotspots concentrated in the east of MG and northeast of IM; WUE hotspots were found in the central and Khangai regions of MG and eastern regions of IM. The NCC-driven CUE area in MG was from population growth and the industrial shares in gross domestic product, while the NCC-driven WUE area was due to livestock growth in MG but driven by the growth of cultivated lands in IM. In sum, we conclude that NCC provoked substantial spatiotemporal changes on carbon and water use. CF and NCC effects on carbon and water balance varied in space, by ecosystem type, and between the two political entities.
Published: 2020
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13. Multidimensional high-harmonic echo spectroscopy: Resolving coherent electron dynamics in the EUV regime.

Author: Shicheng Jiang, Gudem, Mahesh, Kowalewski, Markus, and Dorfman, Konstantin
Abstract: We theoretically propose a multidimensional high-harmonic echo spectroscopy technique which utilizes strong optical fields to resolve coherent electron dynamics spanning an energy range of multiple electronvolts. Using our recently developed semi-perturbative approach, we can describe the coherent valence electron dynamics driven by a sequence of phase-matched and well-separated short few-cycle strong infrared laser pulses. The recombination of tunnel-ionized electrons by each pulse coherently populates the valence states of a molecule, which allows for a direct observation of its dynamics via the high harmonic echo signal. The broad bandwidth of the effective dipole between valence states originated from the strong-field excitation results in nontrivial ultra-delayed partial rephasing echo, which is not observed in standard two-dimensional optical spectroscopic techniques in a two-level molecular systems. We demonstrate the results of simulations for the anionic molecular system and show that the ultrafast valence electron dynamics can be well captured with femtosecond resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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14. Development of the intelligent dispatching system for power grid: an example of the virtual dispatcher for the Lanzhou power grid

Author: Yugang Zhang, Fayuan Gao, Wenwu Zhang, Huaigang Ma, Shicheng Jiang, and Chunlin Chen
Published: 2023

15. Effect of the interference between interband currents on the crystal harmonic spectra

Author: Yue Qiao, Jiaqi Chen, Yanqiu Huo, Huaqiu Liang, Ruixian Yu, Jigen Chen, Wenjun Liu, Shicheng Jiang, and Yujun Yang
Published: 2023

16. Solid state–like high harmonic generation from cluster molecules with rotational periodicities

Author: Yigeng Peng, Tong Wu, Guanglu Yuan, Lihan Chi, Shicheng Jiang, Konstantin Dorfman, Chao Yu, and Ruifeng Lu
Subjects: Multidisciplinary
Abstract: High harmonic generation (HHG) from solid-state crystals in strong laser fields has been understood by the band structure of the solids, which is based on the periodic boundary condition (PBC) due to translational invariance. For the systems with PBC due to rotational invariance, an analogous Bloch theorem can be applied. Considering a ring-type cluster of cyclo[18]carbon as an example, we develop a quasi-band model and predict the solid state–like HHG in this system. Under the irradiation of linearly polarized laser field, cyclo[18]carbon exhibits solid state–like HHG originated from intraband oscillations and interband transitions, which, in turn, is promising to optically detect the symmetry and geometry of molecular or material structures. Our results based on the Liouville–von Neumann equations are well reproduced by the time-dependent density functional theory calculations and are foundational in providing a connection linking the HHG physics of gases and solids.
Published: 2023

17. Robust retrieval method of crystal transition dipole moments by high-order harmonic spectrum

Author: Yue Qiao, Yanqiu Huo, Huaqiu Liang, Jigen Chen, Wenjun Liu, Yujun Yang, and Shicheng Jiang
Published: 2023

18. Vegetation Rather than Climate Dominate the Bowen Ratio Over Terrestrial Ecosystems of China

Author: Mingyu Sun, Guirui Yu, Zhi Chen, Xianjin Zhu, Weikang Zhang, Lang Han, Zhaogang Liu, Lexin Ma, Xiaojun Dou, Yuan Yao, Jilong Wang, Wenxing Luo, Yong Lin, Shiping Chen, Zheng-miao Deng, Gang Dong, Hu Du, Yanhong Gao, Fengxue Gu, Xiangxiang Hao, Yanbin Hao, Qihua He, Yongtao He, Jinsheng He, Xibin Ji, Shicheng Jiang, Zhengde Jiang, Xinhu Li, Yingnian Li, Yuqiang Li, Yuzhe Li, Ran Liu, Shaomin Liu, Weijun Luo, Xingguo Mo, Liqing Sha, Peili Shi, Qinghai Song, Dan Sun, Junlei Tan, Yakun Tang, Fei Wang, Huimin Wang, Jianlin Wang, Wenxue Wei, Jia-Bing WU, Zhixiang Wu, Xiaoping Xin, Junhua Yan, Fawei Zhang, Yangjian Zhang, Yiping Zhang, Yucui Zhang, Fenghua Zhao, Liang Zhao, Li Zhou, J.J. Zhu, and Zhilin Zhu
Published: 2023

19. Optimal Contracts with Fairness Concerns

Author: Yin Chi Tam, Meichen Chen, and Shicheng Jiang
Published: 2023

20. Herbivore grazing mitigates the negative effects of nitrogen deposition on soil organic carbon in low‐diversity grassland

Author: Shicheng Jiang, Xiaobin Pan, Jinting Cai, Minna Zhang, Xuxin Song, Jinyan Sun, Guangyin Li, Ling Wang, and Duofeng Pan
Subjects: Nitrogen deposition, Herbivore, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Agronomy, Grazing, Grassland management, Environmental science, Soil carbon, Grassland, Diversity (business), Carbon cycle
Published: 2021

21. Which is important?—the economy or people’s livelihood

Author: Jun Han and Shicheng Jiang
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics
Published: 2022

22. The relative and combined effects of herbivore assemblage and soil nitrogen on plant diversity

Author: Ling Wang, Yingying Kuang, Guangyin Li, Bai Liu, Minna Zhang, Shicheng Jiang, Xiuquan Yue, and Jushan Liu
Subjects: Cattle grazing, geography, Herbivore, Sheep, geography.geographical_feature_category, Nitrogen, Soil nitrogen, Plants, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Grassland, Soil, Soil resources, Agronomy, Grazing, Animals, Assemblage (archaeology), Cattle, Herbivory, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Ecosystem, General Environmental Science, Plant diversity
Abstract: Plant diversity can be affected by both herbivore grazing and soil resources. However, it is unclear if the joint effects of herbivores and soil resources might vary with components of plant diversity. Here, we evaluated the relative and combined effects of herbivore assemblage and soil nitrogen (N) quantity and heterogeneity on the α and β components of plant diversity in a grassland that was subjected to four years of grazing under differing herbivore assemblages (no grazing, cattle grazing, sheep grazing, and mixed grazing). We found that herbivore assemblage combined with soil N quantity explained 41% of the variation in plant α-diversity, while herbivore assemblage combined with soil N heterogeneity explained 15% of the variation in plant β-diversity. The independent effects of herbivore assemblage explained more than those of soil N for both α- and β-diversity (α-diversity: 12% vs. 4%; β-diversity: 18% vs. 16%). We concluded that the effects of herbivores are stronger than those of soil N, and that grazing-induced changes in soil resources are important drivers of plant diversity change, especially α-diversity. Therefore, we suggest that managing herbivore species by accounting for the effects that their grazing can have on soil resources may be significant for plant diversity maintenance.
Published: 2021

23. Self-foaming high strength artificial lightweight aggregates derived from solid wastes: Expansion mechanism and environmental impact

Author: Pei Tang, Shicheng Jiang, Wei Chen, and Tengfei Deng
Subjects: General Materials Science, Building and Construction, Civil and Structural Engineering
Published: 2023

24. Development Strategy of Hollow Fiber Membrane Technology and Industry in China

Author: Genghao Gong, Shicheng Jiang, Changfa Xiao, Chunrui Wu, and Benqiao He
Subjects: Materials science, Hollow fiber membrane, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nanotechnology, TA1-2040, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), hollow fiber membrane，membrane material，membrane application，sustainable and high-quality development，development focus and suggestions, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Hollow fiber membrane (HFM) technology is one of the common key technologies for solving major problems including water and energy crises and environment pollution. It is also crucial for achieving high-quality development characterized by energy conservation, clean production, and improvement in system efficiency and product quality. In this article, the strategic demand, development status, and development trend of the HFM technology and industry are analyzed; the major challenges and innovation focus in its subfields in China are discussed; and the development goals by 2025 and 2030 are clarified. Moreover, four key tasks were proposed in terms of hollow fiber ultrafiltration/microfiltration membrane, high-quality hydrophobic membrane, new membrane technology, and waste membrane recycling. Furthermore, measures and suggestions were proposed in terms of talent management, innovation investment, industry standards, and international cooperation, to provide a reference for the high-quality development of HFM technology and industry in China.
Published: 2021

25. Mowing mitigated the sensitivity of ecosystem carbon fluxes responses to heat waves in a Eurasian meadow steppe

Author: Xiaobing Dong, Luping Qu, Gang Dong, Tsegaye Gemechu Legesse, Muhammad Adnan Akram, Qi Tong, Shicheng Jiang, Yuchun Yan, Xiaoping Xin, Jianming Deng, and Changliang Shao
Subjects: Soil, Environmental Engineering, Hot Temperature, Environmental Chemistry, Humans, Water, Carbon Dioxide, Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal, Grassland, Ecosystem, Carbon, Carbon Cycle
Abstract: The heat waves (HW) will be more frequent and intense in the future with increased human activity and uncertain implications for ecosystem carbon fluxes. The semi-arid Eurasian grassland is sensitive to climate change and under frequent HWs attacks. Mowing as one of the most common human practices in this region, combining with HW can have comprehensive effects on plant communities, biomass, and nutrient cycling. Hence, a 3-year (2019-2021) field manipulation experiment was conducted to assess how mowing influenced the carbon cycling under HWs, and the interactions between HWs and mowing on carbon fluxes at the community and ecosystem levels in a Eurasian meadow steppe. Over the three years, HW significantly reduced net ecosystem CO
Published: 2022

26. Revealing the Geometric Phase Effects Around Conical Intersections in Molecules by High-order Harmonic Spectroscopy

Author: Guanglu Yuan, Shicheng Jiang, Ruifeng Lu, and Konstantin Dorfman
Abstract: We theoretically established a multi-potential energy surface model of the molecule under the diabatic representation, and proposed a scheme to probe the geometric phase effect around the conical intersection by using high-order harmonic spectroscopy.
Published: 2022

27. Land uses changed the dynamics and controls of carbon-water exchanges in alkali-saline Songnen Plain of Northeast China

Author: Luping Qu, Jiquan Chen, Shicheng Jiang, Fangyuan Zhao, Changliang Shao, Gang Dong, Xiaoping Xin, and Jingyan Chen
Subjects: Land use, Ecology, Eddy covariance, Clipping, General Decision Sciences, Growing season, Land cover, Net ecosystem productivity, Land cover/land use, Agronomy, Land reclamation, Evapotranspiration, Paddy field, Environmental science, Fencing, Alkali-saline land, Water-use efficiency, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Land reclamation and grassland management are important land utilization pattern for effective use and restoration of alkali-saline land in agriculture-pasture transition regions. These large-scale land cover/land use changes (LCLUC) could impose profound and divergent impacts on terrestrial carbon (C) and H2O cycling, hence require precise assessment of ecosystem CO2 uptake and water use differences due to specific land use of the same climate/soil landscape. We initiated clustered eddy covariance flux-tower observations and C/H2O fluxes analysis of 4 adjacent representative land cover and grassland managements types on alkali-saline Songnen Plain, including fenced meadow (as reference land use), clipped meadow, degraded alkali-saline land and paddy field in 2018–2019. Results showed that differences in land use influenced the magnitude and temporal variation of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and evapotranspiration (ET). Compared to fenced meadow, paddy field increased growing season C uptake by 63.3% and ET by 35.4%, while degraded alkali-saline land and clipped meadow decreased C uptake by 43.0% and 30.6%, and ET by 32.1% and 3.2%. Degraded alkali-saline land barely sequestrate C in dry year, whereas paddy field is least sensitive to inter-annual precipitation variation. Growing season C uptake was advanced in clipped meadow due to increased surface temperature, while monthly ET peaked early at May in paddy field. Agricultural use and specific grassland management also caused large differences in ET partitioning. Fenced meadow had greater ET partitioned into transpiration (69%) than clipped meadow (58%), degraded alkali-saline land and paddy field (41% and 34%, respectively). Water use efficiency appeared greater in clipped meadow and degraded alkali-saline land than in fenced meadow, and responded differently to abiotic factors. Overall, large-scale LCLUC has exerted significant influence on terrestrial C/H2O balances and physical responses in alkali-saline Songnen Plain.
Published: 2021

28. The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

Author: Eddy Moors, Uwe Eichelmann, Christian Brümmer, Stefano Minerbi, Barbara Marcolla, Gil Bohrer, Leonardo Montagnani, Üllar Rannik, Han Dolman, Janina Klatt, Samuli Launiainen, Elizabeth A. Walter-Shea, Nina Buchmann, Hank A. Margolis, Beniamino Gioli, Peter S. Curtis, Margaret S. Torn, Gabriela Posse, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Gianluca Filippa, Kenneth J. Davis, Leiming Zhang, Alexander Graf, Ray Leuning, Andrew Feitz, Simone Sabbatini, Harry McCaughey, Werner Eugster, Juha Pekka Tuovinen, Timothy J. Arkebauer, N. N. Vygodskaya, Adam J. Liska, Rosvel Bracho, Sebastian Wolf, Marc Aubinet, Jiří Dušek, Eugénie Paul-Limoges, Christof Ammann, Daniel Berveiller, Zoran Nesic, Giacomo Nicolini, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Russell L. Scott, David E. Reed, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Changliang Shao, Penélope Serrano-Ortiz, Yingnian Li, Jason Beringer, Marc Fischer, Deb Agarwal, Rasmus Fensholt, Russell K. Monson, Agnès de Grandcourt, Stefan K. Arndt, Timo Vesala, Uta Moderow, Joseph Verfaillie, Mika Aurela, Bev Law, Nina Hinko-Najera, Taro Nakai, Richard P. Phillips, Lindsay B. Hutley, Benjamin Loubet, Michele Tomassucci, Ayumi Kotani, Hans Peter Schmid, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira, Anatoly A. Gitelson, Domenico Vitale, Regine Maier, Caitlin E. Moore, Xiaoqin Dai, Damien Bonal, John M. Frank, Yuelin Li, Christopher M. Gough, Shijie Han, Shirley A. Papuga, Edoardo Cremonese, Shawn Urbanski, Sébastien C. Biraud, Scott D. Miller, Mana Gharun, Annalea Lohila, Ian McHugh, Giovanni Manca, Bert Gielen, Wayne S. Meyer, Pierpaolo Duce, Bruce D. Cook, Carsten Gruening, Hiroki Ikawa, B.R. Reverter, Marian Pavelka, Andrew M. S. McMillan, Gang Dong, Isaac Chini, Kimberly A. Novick, Dalibor Janouš, Anne De Ligne, E. Beamesderfer, Marty Humphrey, Virginie Moreaux, Christian Wille, Markus Hehn, Hideki Kobayashi, Allen H. Goldstein, Walter C. Oechel, Richard Silberstein, Francisco Domingo, Francesco Mazzenga, Elise Pendall, Juha Hatakka, Lutz Merbold, Xingguo Han, Daniela Famulari, Carlo Trotta, Naama Raz-Yaseef, Dario Papale, Jean Marc Ourcival, Benoit Burban, Pavel Sedlák, Diego Polidori, Asko Noormets, Huimin Wang, Birger Ulf Hansen, Thomas Grünwald, Caroline Vincke, Robert M. Stevens, Carole Coursolle, D. P. Billesbach, Karl Schneider, Guoyi Zhou, Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski, Paul V. Bolstad, Iris Feigenwinter, Shiping Chen, Julia Boike, Ivan Schroder, D. S. Christianson, Junhui Zhang, Pierre Cellier, Catharine van Ingen, Andrej Varlagin, A. Ribeca, Claudia Consalvo, Derek Eamus, Jason Brodeur, Alan G. Barr, Denis Loustau, Andreas Ibrom, Ankur R. Desai, Andrew E. Suyker, Efrén López-Blanco, Peter Cale, Nicola Arriga, William J. Massman, Abdelrahman Elbashandy, Yoshiko Kosugi, Pauline Buysse, Cove Sturtevant, T. A. Black, Housen Chu, David R. Bowling, Sabina Dore, Albin Hammerle, Tilden P. Meyers, M. Altaf Arain, Hatim Abdalla M. ElKhidir, Ignacio Goded, Roberto Zampedri, Alessio Collalti, Torsten Sachs, Tuomas Laurila, Cristina Poindexter, E. Canfora, Alexander Knohl, Donatella Spano, Silvano Fares, Scott R. Saleska, Michiel K. van der Molen, Suzanne M. Prober, Marryanna Lion, Steven C. Wofsy, Michael L. Goulden, Matthew Northwood, Antje Lucas-Moffat, Christine Moureaux, Jean-Marc Limousin, Sara H. Knox, Damiano Gianelle, Olaf Kolle, Jørgen E. Olesen, Mikhail Mastepanov, Bernard Heinesch, Christian Bernhofer, Peter D. Blanken, Hyojung Kwon, Georg Wohlfahrt, Peili Shi, Yann Nouvellon, Allison L. Dunn, Onil Bergeron, Mauro Cavagna, Heiko Prasse, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Yanhong Tang, Donatella Zona, Andrew S. Kowalski, Eric Dufrêne, Kim Pilegaard, Serena Marras, Yongtao He, Brent E. Ewers, Siyan Ma, Jean Marc Bonnefond, Jonas Ardö, Ko van Huissteden, Roser Matamala, Robin Weber, Nigel J. Tapper, Humberto Ribeiro da Rocha, Eva van Gorsel, Torbern Tagesson, Frederik Schrader, Frank Tiedemann, Myroslava Khomik, Torben R. Christensen, Jonathan E. Thom, James Cleverly, Víctor Resco de Dios, Ivan Shironya, Jeffrey P. Walker, You Wei Cheah, Ana López-Ballesteros, Georgia R. Koerber, J. William Munger, Shicheng Jiang, Johannes Lüers, Bruno De Cinti, Gilberto Pastorello, David R. Cook, Werner L. Kutsch, Paul Di Tommasi, Nicolas Delpierre, Peter Isaac, Carlos Marcelo Di Bella, Jiquan Chen, Craig Macfarlane, Dennis D. Baldocchi, William Woodgate, Riccardo Valentini, Marilyn Roland, Ladislav Šigut, Tomomichi Kato, Sebastian Westermann, Ivan Mammarella, Bart Kruijt, Marta Galvagno, Marius Schmidt, Serge Rambal, J. Kurbatova, Sean P. Burns, Ettore D'Andrea, Chad Hanson, Vincenzo Magliulo, Anne Griebel, Brian D. Amiro, M. Goeckede, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete, Thomas L. Powell, Marcelo D. Nosetto, Cacilia Ewenz, Michael J. Liddell, Satoru Takanashi, Lukas Hörtnagl, Zulia Mayari Sanchez-Mejia, W.W.P. Jans, N. Pirk, Johan Neirynck, Rainer Steinbrecher, Lukas Siebicke, Matthias Peichl, Rachhpal S. Jassal, Costantino Sirca, Earth and Climate, Earth Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), INAR Physics, Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], California State University [Sacramento], Michigan State University System, University of Virginia, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Agroscope, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Lund University [Lund], University of Nebraska–Lincoln, University of Nebraska System, University of Melbourne, University of Antwerp (UA), Université de Liège, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Peoples Friendship University of Russia [RUDN University] (RUDN), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Colorado [Colorado Springs] (UCCS), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Humboldt University Of Berlin, University of Minnesota System, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Utah, University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF), Thunen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Technology Sydney (UTS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Shanxi University (SXU), Worcester State University [Worcester], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, GILBERTO PASTORELLO, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, THOMAS ANDREW BLACK, University of British Columbia, PETER D. BLANKEN, University of Colorado, GIL BOHRER, Ohio State University, JULIA BOIKE, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research / Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, PAUL V. BOLSTAD, University of Minnesota, JEAN-MARC BONNEFOND, ISPA Bordeaux Sciences Agro, DAVID R. BOWLING, University of Utah, ROSVEL BRACHO, University of Florida, JASON BRODEUR, McMaster University, CHRISTIAN BRÜMMER, Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, NINA BUCHMANN, ETH Zurich, BENOIT BURBAN, INRAE UMR ECOFOG, AGNES DE GRANDCOURT, UMR Eco&Sols, CIRAD, ANNE DE LIGNE, University of Liege, RAIMUNDO COSME DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, CPATU, HAN DOLMAN, Universiteit Amsterdam, FRANCISCO DOMINGO, CSIC, GANG DONG, Shanxi University, SABINA DORE, HydroFocus, PIERPAOLO DUCE, National Research Council of Italy, MARTA GALVAGNO, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, MANA GHARUN, ETH Zurich, DAMIANO GIANELLE, Fondazione Edmund Mach, MARCIN JACKOWICZ-KORCZYNSKI, Lund University / Aarhus University, DALIBOR JANOUS, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, WILMA JANS, Wageningen University and Research, RACHHPAL JASSAL, University of British Columbia, SHICHENG JIANG, Northeast Normal University, ANA LÓPEZ-BALLESTEROS, Trinity College Dublin, EFRÉN LÓPEZ-BLANCO, Aarhus University, BENJAMIN LOUBET, Université Paris-Saclay, DENIS LOUSTAU, ISPA - INRA, JOHANNES LÜERS, University of Bayreuth, JOHAN NEIRYNCK, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, ZORAN NESIC, University of British Columbia, GIACOMO NICOLINI, University of Tuscia / CMCC, ASKO NOORMETS, Texas A&M University, MATTHEW NORTHWOOD, Charles Darwin University, KIMBERLY NOVICK, Indiana University Bloomington, MARILYN ROLAND, University of Antwerp, SIMONE SABBATINI, University of Tuscia, TORSTEN SACHS, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, SCOTT R. SALESKA, University of Arizona, ENRIQUE P. SÁNCHEZ-CAÑETE, University of Granada / CEAMA-IISTA, ZULIA M. SANCHEZ-MEJIA, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, RAINER STEINBRECHER, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, ROBERT M. STEVENS, Sentek Pty Ltd, COVE STURTEVANT, National Ecological Observatory Network Program, ANDY SUYKER, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, TORBERN TAGESSON, Lund University / University of Copenhagen, SATORU TAKANASHI, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, DOMENICO VITALE, University of Tuscia / CMCC, NATALIA VYGODSKAYA, Russian Academy of Sciences, JEFFREY P. WALKER, Monash University, ELIZABETH WALTER-SHEA, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, HUIMIN WANG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ROBIN WEBER, University of California Berkeley, SEBASTIAN WESTERMANN, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), CHRISTIAN WILLE, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, STEVEN WOFSY, Harvard University, GEORG WOHLFAHRT, University of Innsbruck, SEBASTIAN WOLF, ETH Zurich, WILLIAM WOODGATE, CSIRO Land and Water, YUELIN LI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, DONATELLA ZONA, San Diego State University / University of Sheffield, DEB AGARWAL, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, SEBASTIEN BIRAUD, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MARGARET TORN, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DARIO PAPALE, University of Tuscia / CMCC., ALLISON DUNN, Worcester State University, JIRÍ DUSEK, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, DEREK EAMUS, University of Technology Sydney, UWE EICHELMANN, Technische Universität Dresden, HOUSEN CHU, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DANIELLE CHRISTIANSON, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, YOU-WEI CHEAH, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CRISTINA POINDEXTER, California State University, JIQUAN CHEN, Michigan State University, ABDELRAHMAN ELBASHANDY, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MARTY HUMPHREY, University of Virginia, PETER ISAAC, TERN Ecosystrem Processes, DIEGO POLIDORI, University of Tuscia / CMCC, ALESSIO RIBECA, University of Tuscia / CMCC, CATHARINE VAN INGEN, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, LEIMINGZ HANG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BRIAN AMIRO, University of Manitoba, CHRISTOF AMMANN, Agroscope Research Institute, M. ALTAF ARAIN, McMaster University, JONAS ARDÖ, Lund University, TIMOTHY ARKEBAUER, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, STEFAN K. ARNDT, The University of Melbourne, NICOLA ARRIGA, University of Antwerp / Joint Research Centre, MARC AUBINET, University of Liege, MIKA AURELA, Finnish Meteorological Institute, DENNIS BALDOCCHI, University of California Berkeley, ALAN BARR, University of Saskatchewan / Environment and Climate Change Canada, DAMIEN BONAL, Université de Lorraine, SEAN P. BURNS, University of Colorado / National Center for Atmospheric Research, PAULINE BUYSSE, Université Paris-Saclay, PETER CALE, Australian Landscape Trust, MAURO CAVAGNA, Fondazione Edmund Mach, PIERRE CELLIER, Université Paris-Saclay, SHIPING CHEN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISAAC CHINI, Fondazione Edmund Mach, TORBEN R . CHRISTENSEN, Aarhus University, JAMES CLEVERLY, University of Technology Sydney, ALESSIO COLLALTI, University of Tuscia / National Research Council of Italy, CLAUDIA CONSALVO, University of Tuscia / National Research Council of Italy, BRUCE D. COOK, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, DAVID COOK, Argonne National Laboratory, CAROLE COURSOLLE, Natural Resources Canada / Université Laval, EDOARDO CREMONESE, Climate Change Unit, PETER S. CURTIS, Ohio State University, ETTORE DANDREA, National Research Council of Italy, HUMBERTO DA ROCHA, USP, XIAOQIN DAI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, KENNETH J. DAVIS, The Pennsylvania State University, BRUNO DE CINTI, National Research Council of Italy, NICOLAS DELPIERRE, Université Paris-Saclay, ANKUR R . DESAI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, CARLOS MARCELO DI BELLA, Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Buenos Aires., PAUL DI TOMMASI, National Research Council of Italy, ERIC DUFRÊNE, Université Paris-Saclay, MARIUS SCHMIDT, Agrosphere (IBG3), HATIM ABDALLA M. ELKHIDIR, ElObeid Research Station, WERNER EUGSTER, ETH Zurich, CACILIA M. EWENZ, TERN Ecosystem Processes Central Node, BRENT EWERS, University of Wyoming, DANIELA FAMULARI, National Research Council of Italy, SILVANO FARES, National Research Council of Italy / Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, IRIS FEIGENWINTER, ETH Zurich, ANDREW FEITZ, Geoscience Australia, RASMUS FENSHOLT, University of Copenhagen, GIANLUCA FILIPPA, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, MARC FISCHER, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, JOHN FRANK, USDA Forest Service, BERT GIELEN, University of Antwerp, BENIAMINO GIOLI, National Research Council of Italy, ANATOLY GITELSON, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, IGNACIO BALLARIN GODED, Joint Research Centre, MATHIAS GOECKEDE, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, ALLEN H. GOLDSTEIN, University of California Berkeley, CHRISTOPHER M. GOUGH, Virginia Commonwealth University, MICHAEL L. GOULDEN, University of California, ALEXANDER GRAF, Forschungszentrum Jülich, ANNE GRIEBEL, The University of Melbourne, CARSTEN GRUENING, Joint Research Centre, THOMAS GRÜNWALD, Technische Universität Dresden, ALBIN HAMMERLE, University of Innsbruck, SHIJIE HAN, Henan University / Chinese Academy of Sciences, XINGGUO HAN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BIRGER ULF HANSEN, University of Copenhagen, CHAD HANSON, Oregon State University, JUHA HATAKKA, Finnish Meteorological Institute, YONGTAO HE, Chinese Academy of Sciences / University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, MARKUS HEHN, Technische Universität Dresden, BERNARD HEINESCH, University of Liege, NINA HINKO-NAJERA, The University of Melbourne, LUKAS HÖRTNAGL, ETH Zurich, LINDSAY HUTLEY, Charles Darwin University, ANDREAS IBROM, Technical University of Denmark, HIROKI IKAWA, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, TOMOMICHI KATO, Hokkaido University, MYROSLAVA KHOMIK, McMaster University / Geography and Environmental Management, JANINA KLATT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, ALEXANDER KNOHL, University of Goettingen, SARA KNOX, The University of British Columbia, HIDEKI KOBAYASHI, Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, GEORGIA KOERBER, University of Adelaide, OLAF KOLLE, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, YOSHIKO KOSUGI, Kyoto University, AYUMI KOTANI, Nagoya University, ANDREW KOWALSKI, University of Granada, BART KRUIJT, Wageningen University, JULIA KURBATOVA, Russian Academy of Sciences, WERNER L. KUTSCH, ICOS ERIC, HYOJUNG KWON, Oregon State University, SAMULI LAUNIAINEN, Natural Resources Institute Finland, TUOMAS LAURILA, Finnish Meteorological Institute, BEV LAW, Oregon State University, RAY LEUNING, In memoriam, YINGNIAN LI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, MICHAEL LIDDELL, James Cook University, JEAN-MARC LIMOUSIN, Univ Montpellier, KARL SCHNEIDER, University of Cologne, MARRYANNA LION, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, ADAM J. LISKA, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, ANNALEA LOHILA, Finnish Meteorological Institute / University of Helsinki, ANTJE LUCAS-MOFFAT, Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture / Centre for Agrometeorological Research, SIYAN MA, University of California Berkeley, CRAIG MACFARLANE, CSIRO Land and Water, VINCENZO MAGLIULO, National Research Council of Italy, REGINE MAIER, ETH Zurich, IVAN MAMMARELLA, University of Helsinki, GIOVANNI MANCA, Joint Research Centre, BARBARA MARCOLLA, Fondazione Edmund Mach, HANK A . MARGOLIS, Université Laval, SERENA MARRAS, CMCC / University of Sassari, WILLIAM MASSMAN, USDA Forest Service, MIKHAIL MASTEPANOV, Aarhus University / University of Oulu, ROSER MATAMALA, Argonne National Laboratory, JACLYN HATALA MATTHES, Wellesley College, FRANCESCO MAZZENGA, National Research Council of Italy, HARRY MCCAUGHEY, Queen’s University, IAN MCHUGH, The University of Melbourne, ANDREW M. S. MCMILLAN, Environmental Analytics NZ, LUTZ MERBOLD, International Livestock Research Institute, WAYNE MEYER, University of Adelaide, TILDEN MEYERS, NOAA/OAR/Air Resources Laboratory, SCOTT D. MILLER, State University of New York at Albany, STEFANO MINERBI, Forest Department of South Tyrol, UTA MODEROW, Technische Universität Dresden, RUSSELL K. MONSON, University of Arizona, LEONARDO MONTAGNANI, Forest Department of South Tyrol / Free University of Bolzano, CAITLIN E. MOORE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, EDDY MOORS, IHE Delft / VU Amsterdam, VIRGINIE MOREAUX, ISPA / University Grenoble Alpes, CHRISTINE MOUREAUX, University of Liege, J. WILLIAM MUNGER, Harvard University, TARO NAKAI, National Taiwan University / University of Alaska Fairbanks, MARCELO NOSETTO, Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis / UNER, YANN NOUVELLON, Univ Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-IRD-Montpellier SupAgro, WALTER OECHEL, San Diego State University / University of Exeter, JORGEN EIVIND OLESEN, Aarhus University, JEAN-MARC OURCIVAL, Univ Montpellier, SHIRLEY A. PAPUGA, Wayne State University, FRANS-JAN PARMENTIER, Lund University / University of Oslo, EUGENIE PAUL-LIMOGES, University of Zurich, MARIAN PAVELKA, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, MATTHIAS PEICHL, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, ELISE PENDALL, Western Sydney University, RICHARD P. PHILLIPS, Indiana University Bloomington, KIM PILEGAARD, Technical University of Denmark, NORBERT PIRK, Lund University / CSIRO Land and Water, GABRIELA POSSE, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), THOMAS POWELL, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, HEIKO PRASSE, Technische Universität Dresden, SUZANNE M. PROBER, CSIRO Land and Water, SERGE RAMBAL, Univ Montpellier, ÜLLAR RANNIK, University of Helsinki, DAVID REED, Michigan State University, VICTOR RESCO DE DIOS, Western Sydney University / Southwest University of Science and Technology, NATALIA RESTREPO-COUPE, University of Arizona, BORJA R. REVERTER, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, HANS PETER SCHMID, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, FREDERIK SCHRADER, Federal Research Institute of Rural Areas, IVAN SCHRODER, Geoscience Australia, RUSSELL L. SCOTT, Southwest Watershed Research Center, PAVEL SEDLÁK, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences / Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, PENÉLOPE SERRANO-ORTÍZ, CEAMA-IISTA / University of Granada, CHANGLIANG SHAO, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, PEILI SHI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVAN SHIRONYA, Russian Academy of Sciences, LUKAS SIEBICKE, Bioclimatology, University of Goettingen, LADISLAV SIGUT, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, RICHARD SILBERSTEIN, University of Western Australia / Edith Cowan University, COSTANTINO SIRCA, CMCC / University of Sassari, DONATELLA SPANO, CMCC / University of Sassari, YANHONG TANG, Peking University, NIGEL TAPPER, Monash University, JONATHAN THOM, University of Wisconsin-Madison, FRANK TIEDEMANN, University of Goettingen, MICHELE TOMASSUCCI, University of Tuscia / Terrasystem srl, JUHA-PEKKA TUOVINEN, Finnish Meteorological Institute, SHAWN URBANSKI, Rocky Mountain Research Station, RICCARDO VALENTINI, University of Tuscia / CMCC, MICHIEL VAN DER MOLEN, Wageningen University, EVA VAN GORSEL, Australian National University Canberra, KO VAN HUISSTEDEN, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, ANDREJ VARLAGIN, Russian Academy of Sciences, JOSEPH VERFAILLIE, University of California Berkeley, TIMO VESALA, University of Helsinki, CAROLINE VINCKE, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ROBERTO ZAMPEDRI, Fondazione Edmund Mach, JUNHUI ZHANG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, GUOYI ZHOU, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, NAAMA RAZ-YASEEF, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, ERIC BEAMESDERFER, McMaster University, CARLO TROTTA, University of Tuscia, ELEONORA CANFORA, University of Tuscia / CMCC, LUCA BELELLI MARCHESINI, Fondazione Edmund Mach / RUDN University, ONIL BERGERON, Ministère du Développement durable de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, JASON BERINGER, University of Western Australia, CHRISTIAN BERNHOFER, Technische Universität Dresden, DANIEL BERVEILLER, Université Paris-Saclay, and DAVE BILLESBACH, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Subjects: Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit, Data Descriptor, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Settore AGR/05 - ASSESTAMENTO FORESTALE E SELVICOLTURA, dataset provides ecosystem, UNCERTAINTY, Eddy covariance, Observation météorologique, 01 natural sciences, ecosystem-scale data, lcsh:Science, SITES, Energy, Respiration, Statistics, Uncertainty, Carbon cycle, Biological measurements, Terrestrial biome, RESPIRATION, gapfilling, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Assimilation, Anhídrid carbònic, ddc:500, Net ecosystem exchange, Écosystème, STORAGE, Information Systems, Statistics and Probability, ecosystem approaches [EN], Meteorology and Air Quality, ASSIMILATION, Library and Information Sciences, Education, collection [EN], Donnée climatique, Data collection, Water, 15. Life on land, Earth system science, Climate Resilience, Klimaatbestendigheid, lcsh:Q, processing, Climate sciences, Ecophysiology, Storage, Oceanography, Hydrology, Water Resources, 010501 environmental sciences, CARBON-DIOXIDE, ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE, ddc:550, Échange d'énergie, FLUXNET2015, Biosphere, Energy balance closure, fluxnet, Computer Science Applications, Collecte de données, Energia, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY, Eddy Covariance, SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation, Engineering sciences. Technology, Sensoriamento Remoto, FLUX, 1171 Geosciences, Consistency (database systems), eau, Life Science, Time series, Remote sensing studies, Measurement device, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic, WIMEK, NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE, Pipeline (software), Environmental sciences, Metadata, Earth sciences, Carbon dioxide, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Probability and Uncertainty, Water Systems and Global Change, Dioxyde de carbone
Abstract: The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-flled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the frst time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the frst time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible., European Union (EU), United States Department of Energy (DOE)
Published: 2020

29. Effects of changes in precipitation on energy and water balance in a Eurasian meadow steppe

Author: Luping Qu, Jingyan Chen, Fangyuan Zhao, Gang Dong, Changliang Shao, and Shicheng Jiang
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology, Drought, Precipitation change, Ecological Modeling, Eddy covariance, Growing season, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Energy balance, Sensible heat, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Water balance, Latent heat, lcsh:QH540-549.5, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Precipitation, Energy partition, lcsh:Ecology, Water content, Waterlogging (agriculture)
Abstract: Introduction Water such as precipitation is the most critical environment driver of ecosystem processes and functions in semi-arid regions. Frequency and intensity of drought and transient waterlogging are expected to increase in the meadow steppe in northeastern China. Using a 4-year dataset of eddy covariance flux measurements, ground measurements of biomass, phenology, and meteorological conditions, we investigated the changes in energy fluxes at multiple temporal scales and under different precipitation regimes. Results The meadow steppe was latent heat (LE) dominated when soil water content was > 0.3 m3 m−3, but switched to sensible heat (H) dominated status when soil water content fell below 0.3 m3 m−3. LE dominated the energy exchange of the meadow grasslands on a yearly basis. Intensive precipitation had a profound impact on water-energy balance that could reduce the damages of drought by elevating deep soil moisture. The influence of LE on waterlogging depended on timing, with increased LE at the beginning of growing season and decreased LE after waterlogging. Spring and summer droughts resulted in different energy partitioning between latent and sensible heat energies, with spring drought dramatically decreased the LE fraction due to the change in water. In contrast, summer drought had little impact on LE due to the sufficient water input from large precipitation events at the beginning of the growing season. Conclusions There existed great seasonal and interannual variabilities in energy balance and partitioning in the meadow steppe over the 4-year study period, which were strongly influenced by changes in precipitation. The water loss through latent heat was more sensitive to spring drought than to summer drought, while summer drought had negligible impact on LE. Waterlogging contributed to LE by enhancing its values during and after the waterlogged periods at the beginning of the growing season in a dry year, but lowering its value after the waterlogged periods in growing season.
Published: 2019

30. Supplementary document for Multi-wave mixing in high harmonic regime: monitoring electronic dynamics - 5047005.pdf

Author: Shicheng Jiang, Dorfman, Konstantin, and Kowalewski, Markus
Abstract: Supplementary information
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Higher harmonic generation from bilayer nanostructures assisted by electron backscattering

Author: Yi-Geng Peng, Chao Yu, Tong Wu, Shicheng Jiang, Guanglu Yuan, Cheng Jin, and Ruifeng Lu
Subjects: Physics, Photon, Wave packet, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, Photon energy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Harmonic spectrum, Wavelength, 0103 physical sciences, High harmonic generation, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: In the framework of time-dependent density-functional theory, we obtain high-order harmonics of photon energies up to $10\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{U}_{p}$ from bilayer crystals with an interlayer spacing $d=70\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\AA{}$. At grazing incidence, a clear double-plateau structure is observed in the harmonic spectrum. The photon energy of the second plateau far beyond atomiclike harmonics can be well explained by the inclusion of backscattering of ionized electrons. Ab initio simulations reveal that the cutoff of the second plateau is continuously extended with an increasing $d$. Our classical calculations predict that the maximum electronic kinetic energy is linearly dependent on $d$ over a wide range. Moreover, the harmonic yield in the second plateau is significantly enhanced by increases in the wavelength of the driving laser. Owing to the confined spreading of the electronic wave packet, a beneficial wavelength scaling of ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{2.85}$ is obtained. This study therefore establishes an efficient way of producing high-energy photon source based on layered nanostructures.
Published: 2020

32. Smooth periodic gauge satisfying crystal symmetry and periodicity to study high-harmonic generation in solids

Author: Shicheng Jiang, Chao Yu, Chi Lin, Ruifeng Lu, Yanwei Huang, and Ji-Gen Chen
Subjects: Physics, Wave packet, Point reflection, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Symmetry (physics), Brillouin zone, Dipole, Quantum mechanics, Crystal momentum, Harmonics, 0103 physical sciences, High harmonic generation, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Intense lasers can easily drive nonadiabatic transitions of excited electron wave packets across the Brillouin zones, thus transition dipole moments (TDM) between energy bands of solids should be continuous, satisfying crystal symmetry, and periodic at zone boundaries. While current ab initio algorithms are powerful in calculating band structures of solids, they all introduced random phases into the eigenfunctions at each crystal momentum $k$ . Here we show how to choose a ``smooth-periodic'' gauge where TDMs can be smooth versus $k$ , preserving crystal symmetry, as well as maintaining periodic at boundaries. The symmetry properties of TDMs with respect to $k$ ensure the absence of even-order harmonics from MgO with inversion symmetry, while the TDM in the ``smooth-periodic'' gauge for broken-symmetry ZnO is responsible for even harmonics that were underestimated in previous simulations. These results reveal the importance of correctly treating the complex TDMs that satisfy crystal symmetry and continuous across zone boundaries in nonlinear laser-solid interactions, which has been elusive in most theories so far.
Published: 2020

33. Impacted Spike Frequency Adaptation Associated with Reduction of KCNQ2/3 Promotes Seizure Activity in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Author: Shuo Tan, Yang Liu, Lei Jiang, Rongjing Ge, Shicheng Jiang, Hong Ni, Qi-Yi Wang, Hao Qian, Rongrong Li, Shidi Zhao, and Bei Liu
Subjects: Candidate gene, Drug discovery, Dentate gyrus, Biology, medicine.disease, Potassium channel, Temporal lobe, Epilepsy, nervous system, Pilocarpine, medicine, Ictal, Neuroscience, medicine.drug
Abstract: Although numerous epilepsy-related genes have been identified by unbiased genome-wide screening based on samples from both animal models and patients, the druggable targets for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are still limited. Meanwhile, a large number of candidate genes that might promote or inhibit seizure activities are waiting for further validation. In this study, we first analyzed two public databases and determined the significant down-regulations of two M-type potassium channel genes (KCNQ2/3) expressions in hippocampus samples from TLE patients. Then we reproduced the similar pathological changes in the pilocarpine mouse model of TLE and further detected the decrease of spike frequency adaptation driven by impacted M-currents on dentate gyrus granule neurons. Finally, we employed a small-scale simulation of dentate gyrus network to investigate potential functional consequences of disrupted neuronal excitability. We demonstrated that the impacted spike frequency adaptation of granule cells facilitated the epileptiform activity among the entire network, including prolonged seizure duration and reduced interictal intervals. Our results identify a new mechanism contributing to ictogenesis in TLE and suggest a novel target for the anti-epileptic drug discovery.
Published: 2020

34. Detecting electronic coherences by time-domain high-harmonic spectroscopy

Author: Shicheng Jiang and Konstantin E. Dorfman
Subjects: Physics, Multidisciplinary, Superoperator, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Superposition principle, law, Harmonics, 0103 physical sciences, Physical Sciences, High harmonic generation, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Spectroscopy, Ultrashort pulse, Coherence (physics)
Abstract: Ultrafast spectroscopy is capable of monitoring electronic and vibrational states. For electronic states a few eV apart, an X-ray laser source is required. We propose an alternative method based on the time-domain high-order harmonic spectroscopy where a coherent superposition of the electronic states is first prepared by the strong optical laser pulse. The coherent dynamics can then be probed by the higher-order harmonics generated by the delayed probe pulse. The high nonlinearity typically modeled by the three-step mechanism introduced by Lewenstein and Corkum can serve as a recipe for generation of the coherent excitation with broad bandwidth. The main advantage of the method is that only optical (non–X-ray) lasers are needed. A semiperturbative model based on the Liouville space superoperator approach is developed for the bookkeeping of the different orders of the nonlinear response for the high-order harmonic generation using multiple pulses. Coherence between bound electronic states is monitored in the harmonic spectra from both first- and second-order responses.
Published: 2020

35. Polymeric heptazine imide by O doping and constructing van der Waals heterostructures for photocatalytic water splitting: a theoretical perspective from transition dipole moment analyses

Author: Kaiming Deng, Ruifeng Lu, Jintong Guan, Zhaoshun Meng, Yunhui Wang, Shicheng Jiang, Chao Yu, and Xirui Zhang
Subjects: Materials science, Heptazine, Band gap, business.industry, Transition dipole moment, Doping, General Physics and Astronomy, Heterojunction, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Semiconductor, chemistry, Chemical physics, Photocatalysis, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, business, Photocatalytic water splitting
Abstract: Semiconductor-based photocatalysts have received extensive attention for their promising capacity in confronting global energy and environmental issues. In photocatalysis, a large band gap with suitable edge-position is necessary to warrant enough driving force for reaction, whereas a much smaller band gap is needed for visible-light response and high solar energy conversion efficiency. This paradox hinders the development of photocatalysts. Via state-of-the-art first-principles calculations, we find that the transition dipole moments (TDMs) are changed significantly in O-doped partly polymerized g-C3N4, i.e., OH-terminated polymeric heptazine imide (PHI-OH), and concomitantly, an enhancement of visible-light absorption is achieved; meanwhile a large enough band gap can provide a powerful driving force in the photocatalytic watersplitting reaction. Furthermore, by using TDM analysis of the PHI-OH/BC3N heterostructure, direct light excited transition between two building layers can be confirmed, suggesting it as a candidate catalyst for hydrogen evolution. From TDM analysis of the PHI-OH/BCN heterostructure, we also verify a Z-scheme process, which involves simultaneous photoexcitations with strong reducibility and oxidizability. Thus, TDM could be a good referential descriptor for revealing photocatalytic mechanisms in semiconductor photocatalysts and interlayer photoexcitation behavior in layered heterostructures. Hopefully, more strategies via modification of TDMs would be proposed to enhance the visible-light response of a semiconductor without sacrificing its photocatalytic driving force.
Published: 2020

36. Detecting electronic coherences by the multidimensionl HHG spectroscopy

Author: Shicheng Jiang, Markus Kowalewski, and Konstantin E. Dorfman
Subjects: Physics, Physics::Optics, Nonlinear optics, Coherence (statistics), Spectral line, Photon counting, symbols.namesake, Fourier transform, Bound state, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Harmonic, symbols, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy
Abstract: We propose an all-optical method based on pump-probe HHG to detect electronic coherence. Based on a new developed semi-perturbative approach, coherence between bound states is observed in Fourier transformed harmonic spectra using noncollinear geometry setup.
Published: 2020

37. All-optical reconstruction of k-dependent transition dipole moment by solid harmonic spectra from ultrashort laser pulses

Author: Shicheng Jiang, Yi-Ting Zhao, Shu-Yan Ma, Yu-Jun Yang, Xi Zhao, and Ji-Gen Chen
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Band gap, Transition dipole moment, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Photon energy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, 010309 optics, Harmonic spectrum, Optics, law, Crystal momentum, 0103 physical sciences, Harmonic, High harmonic generation, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: Band structure and transition dipole moment play important roles in high-order harmonic generation from solid materials. In this work we provide a new all-optical technique to reconstruct the momentum-dependent transition dipole moment using the harmonic spectrum from MgO crystal driven by an ultrashort mid-infrared laser pulse. Under the influence of the ultrashort laser pulse, the emitted photon energy and the crystal momentum form a one-to-one match, in the same way between the intensity of the harmonic above the minimum bandgap and the square of the amplitude of the transition dipole moment, resulting in a realization of directly probing the transition dipole moment. Our all-optical method paves a way to image the two-dimensional transition dipole moment of crystals with the inversion symmetry.
Published: 2019

38. Strain effect on the orientation-dependent harmonic spectrum of monolayer aluminum nitride

Author: Ziwen Wang, Cheng Jin, Cheng Li, Shicheng Jiang, Qian Chen, Tong Wu, Ruifeng Lu, Chao Yu, Weijie Hua, and Guanglu Yuan
Subjects: Semiconductor Bloch equations, Materials science, General Physics and Astronomy, Nitride, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Spectral line, Harmonic spectrum, 0103 physical sciences, Monolayer, Harmonic, High harmonic generation, 010306 general physics, Electronic band structure, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: In this study, we theoretically investigate the strain effect on the orientation-dependent high-order harmonic generation (HHG) of monolayer aluminum nitride (AlN) by solving the multiband semiconductor Bloch equations in strong laser fields. Our simulations denote that the efficiency of the orientation-dependent HHG is considerably enhanced when a 15% biaxial tensile strain is applied to AlN, which is attributed to the downshifting energy level of the conduction band. Furthermore, the odd-even feature in the orientation-dependent high harmonic spectra owing to the strain is considerably different when compared with that in the case without strain. The enhanced quantum interference between different energy bands in strained AlN around the Γ-M direction is responsible for the observed odd-even distributions of the orientation-dependent HHG. This study helps to better understand the HHG in solids by tuning their electronic structures.
Published: 2019

39. Small precipitation events enhance the Eurasian grassland carbon sink

Author: Luping Qu, Jingyan Chen, Li Tian, Tsegaye Gemechu Legesse, Changliang Shao, Shicheng Jiang, Eba Muluneh Sorecha, Nano Alemu Daba, Gang Dong, and Xiaobing Dong
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Steppe, Eddy covariance, General Decision Sciences, Carbon sink, Eddy-covariance, Atmospheric sciences, Grassland, Arid, Carbon cycle, Ecosystem carbon flux, Small size precipitation, Environmental science, Ecosystem, Mongolian Plateau, Precipitation, Ecosystem respiration, QH540-549.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Different sizes of precipitation are specifically essential in controlling plant physiological processes in ecosystems and extremely important for predicting the effects of precipitation on arid and semiarid region carbon cycle. However, the sizes of precipitation events and their role in carbon flux processes remain unclear. A consecutive three years (2014–2016) eddy covariance flux measurements were conducted to investigate the changes in carbon fluxes under different sizes of precipitation in Mongolia – typical steppe (TPL), meadow steppe (MDW) and shrubland (SHB). Most of the precipitation distributions were dominated by small size events over all sites of the study area. Gross primary productivity reached highest on days with 2 mm d−1 and 5 mm d−1 of precipitation in 2015 and 2014, respectively in TPL, whereas the highest gross primary productivity observed at 10–25 mm d−1 precipitation size in both MDW and SHB. The ecosystem respiration changed positively with different sizes of precipitation events, except for the 5 mm d−1 and 10 mm d−1 precipitation size in the study sites. There existed positive relationship between net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and small size precipitation event in both TPL and MDW. The slight association was detected between NEE and small size precipitation (
Published: 2021

40. Author Correction

Author: Pierpaolo Duce, B.R. Reverter, Bruce D. Cook, Marian Pavelka, Lindsay B. Hutley, Francesco Mazzenga, Caroline Vincke, Benoit Burban, Damiano Gianelle, Üllar Rannik, William J. Massman, Claudia Consalvo, Scott R. Saleska, D. P. Billesbach, Guoyi Zhou, Julia Boike, Michiel K. van der Molen, Werner Eugster, Hyojung Kwon, Thomas Grünwald, Thomas L. Powell, T. A. Black, Caitlin E. Moore, Albin Hammerle, Yingnian Li, Cristina Poindexter, Uwe Eichelmann, Marcelo D. Nosetto, Xiaoqin Dai, Cacilia Ewenz, Gilberto Pastorello, Carlos Marcelo Di Bella, Damien Bonal, Stefano Minerbi, Rosvel Bracho, Kim Pilegaard, Serena Marras, Michael J. Liddell, Mika Aurela, N. Pirk, Shawn Urbanski, Scott D. Miller, Janina Klatt, Eugénie Paul-Limoges, Jean-Marc Limousin, Hideki Kobayashi, Juha Hatakka, Georg Wohlfahrt, Diego Polidori, Mana Gharun, Olaf Kolle, Jørgen E. Olesen, Peili Shi, Yann Nouvellon, Johan Neirynck, Rainer Steinbrecher, Lukas Siebicke, Satoru Takanashi, Eva van Gorsel, Domenico Vitale, Regine Maier, Hans Peter Schmid, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira, Torben R. Christensen, Giovanni Manca, Elizabeth A. Walter-Shea, Leonardo Montagnani, Jonathan E. Thom, James Cleverly, Andrew Feitz, Nina Buchmann, Andrew M. S. McMillan, N. N. Vygodskaya, E. Canfora, Richard Silberstein, David E. Reed, Marc Fischer, Ankur R. Desai, Leiming Zhang, Alexander Graf, Sébastien C. Biraud, Samuli Launiainen, Siyan Ma, Bart Kruijt, Carlo Trotta, Nicola Arriga, Christopher M. Gough, Elise Pendall, Peter S. Curtis, Margaret S. Torn, Gabriela Posse, Ivan Shironya, Silvano Fares, You Wei Cheah, Karl Schneider, Robin Weber, D. S. Christianson, Carsten Gruening, Hiroki Ikawa, Christine Moureaux, Paul V. Bolstad, Lukas Hörtnagl, Zulia Mayari Sanchez-Mejia, W.W.P. Jans, Alan G. Barr, Sebastian Wolf, Marc Aubinet, Christof Ammann, Penélope Serrano-Ortiz, Timothy J. Arkebauer, Shicheng Jiang, Han Dolman, Iris Feigenwinter, Junhui Zhang, A. Ribeca, Ana López-Ballesteros, Johannes Lüers, Chad Hanson, Hank A. Margolis, Nicolas Delpierre, Onil Bergeron, Mauro Cavagna, Jiří Dušek, Benjamin Loubet, Jason Brodeur, M. Altaf Arain, Kimberly A. Novick, Dalibor Janouš, Anne De Ligne, Marty Humphrey, Christian Wille, Daniel Berveiller, Changliang Shao, Pauline Buysse, Kenneth J. Davis, Annalea Lohila, Deb Agarwal, Ian McHugh, Ray Leuning, Anne Griebel, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Russell L. Scott, Russell K. Monson, Christian Brümmer, Dennis D. Baldocchi, Brian D. Amiro, Andrew E. Suyker, Naama Raz-Yaseef, Timo Vesala, David R. Cook, William Woodgate, Rasmus Fensholt, Uta Moderow, Richard P. Phillips, Stefan K. Arndt, Xingguo Han, Jason Beringer, Riccardo Valentini, Robert M. Stevens, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Shirley A. Papuga, Gianluca Filippa, Roser Matamala, John M. Frank, Peter Isaac, Werner L. Kutsch, Paul Di Tommasi, Yuelin Li, Andrej Varlagin, Ladislav Šigut, Francisco Domingo, E. Beamesderfer, Edoardo Cremonese, Eddy Moors, Joseph Verfaillie, Huimin Wang, Jiquan Chen, M. Goeckede, Craig Macfarlane, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete, Harry McCaughey, Tomomichi Kato, Dario Papale, Jean Marc Ourcival, Birger Ulf Hansen, Pierre Cellier, Bev Law, Derek Eamus, Carole Coursolle, Myroslava Khomik, Wayne S. Meyer, Taro Nakai, Mikhail Mastepanov, Nina Hinko-Najera, Peter Cale, Donatella Spano, Beniamino Gioli, Gang Dong, David R. Bowling, Sabina Dore, Shiping Chen, Isaac Chini, Jeffrey P. Walker, Eric Dufrêne, Sebastian Westermann, Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marryanna Lion, Barbara Marcolla, Marius Schmidt, Serge Rambal, Víctor Resco de Dios, Jean Marc Bonnefond, Ivan Mammarella, Hatim Abdalla M. ElKhidir, Ko van Huissteden, Suzanne M. Prober, Gil Bohrer, Markus Reichstein, Heiko Prasse, Nigel J. Tapper, Corinna Rebmann, J. Kurbatova, Abdelrahman Elbashandy, J. William Munger, Catharine van Ingen, Humberto Ribeiro da Rocha, Andreas Ibrom, Sean P. Burns, Simone Sabbatini, Marilyn Roland, Zoran Nesic, Tuomas Laurila, Giacomo Nicolini, Bruno De Cinti, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Georgia R. Koerber, Yoshiko Kosugi, Efrén López-Blanco, Cove Sturtevant, Matthew Northwood, Ettore D'Andrea, Torsten Sachs, Housen Chu, Matthias Peichl, Nicolas Vuichard, Alexander Knohl, Steven C. Wofsy, Michael L. Goulden, Vincenzo Magliulo, Antje Lucas-Moffat, Peter D. Blanken, Donatella Zona, Allison L. Dunn, Yanhong Tang, Marta Galvagno, Rachhpal S. Jassal, Jonas Ardö, Torbern Tagesson, Frederik Schrader, Ignacio Goded, Costantino Sirca, Shijie Han, Markus Hehn, Allen H. Goldstein, Bernard Heinesch, Christian Bernhofer, Yongtao He, Brent E. Ewers, Adam J. Liska, Michele Tomassucci, Virginie Moreaux, Denis Loustau, Agnès de Grandcourt, Tilden P. Meyers, Roberto Zampedri, Alessio Collalti, Sara H. Knox, Ayumi Kotani, Anatoly A. Gitelson, Andrew S. Kowalski, Walter C. Oechel, Lutz Merbold, Daniela Famulari, Pavel Sedlák, Asko Noormets, Juha Pekka Tuovinen, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Bert Gielen, Ivan Schroder, Earth Sciences, Earth and Climate, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences
Subjects: Data descriptor, Statistics and Probability, Code development, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pipeline (computing), Science, 0207 environmental engineering, Eddy covariance, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING, 02 engineering and technology, Library and Information Sciences, 01 natural sciences, Education, ddc:550, 020701 environmental engineering, Author Correction, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Information retrieval, Published Erratum, Substitution (logic), Statistics, Carbon cycle, Computer Science Applications, Environmental sciences, Earth sciences, Probability and Uncertainty, ddc:500, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Climate sciences, Downscaling, Information Systems
Abstract: The following authors were omitted from the original version of this Data Descriptor: Markus Reichstein and Nicolas Vuichard. Both contributed to the code development and N. Vuichard contributed to the processing of the ERA-Interim data downscaling. Furthermore, the contribution of the co-author Frank Tiedemann was re-evaluated relative to the colleague Corinna Rebmann, both working at the same sites, and based on this re-evaluation a substitution in the co-author list is implemented (with Rebmann replacing Tiedemann). Finally, two affiliations were listed incorrectly and are corrected here (entries 190 and 193). The author list and affiliations have been amended to address these omissions in both the HTML and PDF versions. © 2021, This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply.
Published: 2021

41. Nanoscale ZnS/TiO 2 composites: Preparation, characterization, and visible-light photocatalytic activity

Author: Xiaodan, Yu, Qingyin, Wu, Shicheng, Jiang, and Yihang, Guo
Published: 2006
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. Cooper minimum of high-order harmonic spectra from MgO crystal in an ultrashort laser pulse

Author: Ji-Gen Chen, Xiaoqin Xu, Shicheng Jiang, Xi Zhao, Yu-Jun Yang, and Yi-Ting Zhao
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Pulse (physics), Crystal, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Harmonic, High harmonic generation, Physics::Atomic Physics, Physics - Atomic and Molecular Clusters, High order, 010306 general physics, business, Electronic band structure, Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
Abstract: Cooper minimum structure of high-order harmonic spectra from atoms or molecules has been extensively studied. In this paper, we demonstrate that the crystal harmonic spectra from an ultrashort mid-infrared laser pulse also exhibit the Cooper minimum characteristic. Based on the accurate band dispersion and k-dependent transition dipole moment (TDM) from the first-principle calculations, it can be found that the harmonic spectra from MgO crystal along {\Gamma}-X direction present a dip structure in the plateau, which is originated from the valley of TDM by examining the distribution of the harmonic intensity at the k-space. The Cooper minimum feature in crystal HHG will pave a new way to retrieve the band information of solid materials by using HHG from the ultrashort mid-infrared laser pulse., Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2019

43. The role of transition dipole phase in atomic attosecond transient absorption from the multi-level model

Author: Weijie Hua, Ziwen Wang, Guanglu Yuan, Cheng Jin, Chao Yu, Ruifeng Lu, and Shicheng Jiang
Subjects: Attosecond, Phase (waves), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Theory and Modelling, Schrödinger equation, symbols.namesake, ARTICLES, 0103 physical sciences, Bound state, lcsh:QD901-999, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, Physics, Radiation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Dipole, Excited state, symbols, lcsh:Crystallography, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Ground state
Abstract: Based on a multilevel model considering enough bound electronic states of atoms, we theoretically study the role of the transition dipole phase (TDP) in the attosecond transient absorption (ATA) spectrum of helium in intense laser fields. By solving the stationary Schrödinger equation with B-spline basis sets, we first calculate the transition dipole moments with well-defined phases between the bound states. Using the modified multilevel model, we reveal that the TDP plays an important role in determining the spectral structures if two or more paths populate the excited states from the ground state. Our multilevel model with the accurate TDP is convenient to address the origin of atomic ATA spectral structures by freely removing or adding specific electronic states and has been justified by comparing with the ATA spectra via directly solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Hopefully, further incorporating macroscopic propagation into the model will provide indepth physical insights into experimental ATA spectra.
Published: 2019

44. Symmetry and Polarization of High-Order Harmonic Generation from Solids

Author: Shima Gholam-Mirzaei, Shicheng Jiang, Erin Crites, John E. Beetar, Ruifeng Lu, C. D. Lin, and Michael Chini
Published: 2019

45. Divergent forcing of water use efficiency from aridity in two meadows of the Mongolian Plateau

Author: Changliang Shao, Shicheng Jiang, Luping Qu, Jiquan Chen, Jingyan Chen, Fangyuan Zhao, and Gang Dong
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, Growing season, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Water conservation, Agronomy, Evapotranspiration, Environmental science, Ecosystem, Water-use efficiency, Leaf area index, 020701 environmental engineering, Water use, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Transpiration
Abstract: The future climate change predicts higher drought risks in deteriorating the functions and services of dryland ecosystems. Interpreting the sensitivity of ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) to aridity could provide important environmental implications to water conservation and carbon budgets of drylands. The effects of temporal aridity changes on WUE in semi-arid ecosystems, particularly in meadow steppes, have been poorly investigated. In this study, we used eddy-covariance data from two representative temperate meadows on Mongolian Plateau, Changling (2007-2015, China) and Bayan (2014-2018, Mongolia), to understand the inter- and intra-annual changes of WUE by evaporative fraction (EF), as well as the climatic and biotic controls on gross ecosystem production (GEP), evapotranspiration (ET) and partitioned evaporation (T) and transpiration (E). Results showed that the response of annual WUE to EF was positive in Changling meadow with dry atmosphere but insignificant in Bayan with cold climate; the contrasting WUEs were driven by divergent GEP and ET responses to EF in two meadows. Monthly T/ET increased linearly with EF in both meadows, but logarithmically with leaf area index (LAI). Bayan and Changling meadows had a similar instantaneous WUE (WUEp, GEP/T) that were insensitive to EF change. We also found that the frequency of growing season precipitation affected WUE at both sites. We conclude that contrasting GEP responses to EF determined the meadow WUE variations. The magnitude and changes in transpiration and evaporation provide further insights on the biophysical regulations (i.e., LAI) of ecosystem water use and WUEp. This study indicated that differences in ecosystem water yield, soil water status and sensitivities of GEP and ET partitioning jointly contributed to the divergent WUE at the two meadow steppes in this semi-arid region.
Published: 2021

46. Multi-wave mixing in the high harmonic regime: monitoring electronic dynamics

Author: Markus Kowalewski, Konstantin E. Dorfman, and Shicheng Jiang
Subjects: Physics, Photon, business.industry, Dephasing, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Computational physics, 010309 optics, Optics, Harmonics, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Harmonic, 0210 nano-technology, Ground state, business, Computer Science::Databases, Mixing (physics)
Abstract: It has been demonstrated that electronic coherences across many eV can be detected in pump-probe experiments involving high harmonic sources. An additional degree of control over the phase matching can be employed by investigating a more general class of multi-wave mixing. Non-collinear multi-wave mixing of high harmonics with energy (q1ω1 + q2ω2) can be selectively detected along the direction of (q1k1 + q2k2). Simulations based on a recently developed semi-perturbative approach show that only the specific harmonic signals with q1ω1 close to the energy difference between ground state and excited states are observable when the two input pulses are well separated in time. The coherent dynamics between different states can be selectively tracked by detecting the time-delay dependent signals with different q1k1, which can overcome the potential spectral congestion in real experiments. Additionally, such non-collinear geometry can be used to separate the dephasing induced decay and collision induced recovery behaviors of pump-probe high harmonic signal typically observed in the time-resolved high harmonic pump-probe signals.
Published: 2021

47. Non-climatic component provoked substantial spatiotemporal changes of carbon and water use efficiency on the Mongolian Plateau

Author: Shicheng Jiang, Jiquan Chen, Changliang Shao, Jingyan Chen, Yaoqi Zhang, Luping Qu, Xiaoping Xin, Fangyuan Zhao, Gang Dong, and Batkhishig Ochirbat
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Plateau, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Steppe, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Primary production, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Water balance, Evapotranspiration, Environmental science, Ecosystem, Physical geography, Water-use efficiency, Water use, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Understanding the joint impact of anthropologic and climatic changes on ecosystem function and dynamics is among the frontiers in global environmental change studies. Carbon and water balances are especially crucial to the sustainable ecosystem and functional returns in sensitive regions such as the Mongolian Plateau. In this study, the significance of non-climatic component (NCC) on carbon and water use efficiency (CUE and WUE) is quantified among the ecosystem types on the Mongolian Plateau. We mapped the spatial gradients of carbon/water balance and delineated the hotspots of NCC-driven CUE and WUE for 2000–2013 using gross and net primary production (GPP and NPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) products derived from the MODIS databases. Significantly higher CUE and WUE values were found in Mongolia (MG) than in Inner Mongolia (IM) due to both climatic forcing (CF) and NCC. NCC was found to dominate the changes in CUE and WUE in the steppes on the plateau by over 16% and 22%, respectively, but with spatially uneven distributions. NCC-driven WUE values were much higher than those driven by CF. The hotspots for NCC-driven CUE did not overlap with those of WUE, with CUE hotspots concentrated in the east of MG and northeast of IM; WUE hotspots were found in the central and Khangai regions of MG and eastern regions of IM. The NCC-driven CUE area in MG was from population growth and the industrial shares in gross domestic product, while the NCC-driven WUE area was due to livestock growth in MG but driven by the growth of cultivated lands in IM. In sum, we conclude that NCC provoked substantial spatiotemporal changes on carbon and water use. CF and NCC effects on carbon and water balance varied in space, by ecosystem type, and between the two political entities.
Published: 2020

48. Effect of interband polarization on a solid's high-order-harmonic generation just belowthe band gap

Author: Shicheng Jiang, Yu-Jun Yang, Yi-Ting Zhao, Ji-Gen Chen, and Xi Zhao
Subjects: Physics, Semiconductor Bloch equations, Condensed matter physics, business.industry, Linear polarization, Band gap, Transition dipole moment, Nonlinear optics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, Optics, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Harmonics, 0103 physical sciences, High harmonic generation, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: A series of theoretical and experimental results has proved that harmonics below/above the band gap are produced mainly by the intraband current/interband polarization for solids in strong mid-infrared laser pulses. However, which mechanism dominates the harmonic process is still debated. In this work, based on simulating high-order-harmonic generation from an MgO crystal in a linearly polarized mid-infrared laser by solving semiconductor Bloch equations, we demonstrate that harmonics just below the band gap originate from the interference between intraband and interband currents. Furthermore, it is found that intensities of harmonics just below the band gap are apparently enhanced with an increase in the incident laser’s strength. By analyzing the band dispersion and the transition dipole moment of the 001-cut MgO crystal, this can be attributed to the interband polarization between two conduction bands.
Published: 2020

49. Two-dimensional imaging of energy bands from crystal orientation dependent higher-order harmonic spectra in h−BN

Author: Ruifeng Lu, Chao Yu, Tong Wu, Guanglu Yuan, Shicheng Jiang, Ziwen Wang, and Cheng Jin
Subjects: Semiconductor Bloch equations, Materials science, Transition dipole moment, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Spectral line, law.invention, Crystal, law, 0103 physical sciences, Harmonic, High harmonic generation, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Anisotropy
Abstract: High-order harmonic generation (HHG) from hexagonal boron nitride is simulated by solving extended multiband semiconductor Bloch equations under strong laser fields. By changing the angle of the laser polarization with respect to the crystal orientation, we find that harmonic spectra present a double-plateau structure and HHG is dominantly emitted along \ensuremath{\Gamma}-M direction in the first plateau, but special anisotropic distribution is observed in the secondary plateau. In-depth analyses reveal that two plateaus originate from different pair of conduction band and valence band, and the shapes of band dispersion and transition dipole moment determine anisotropic harmonic emission in $h$-BN crystal. Furthermore, we show that band energies of high-lying unoccupied bands and low-lying occupied ones can be directly extracted from laser polarization dependent high harmonic spectra. This paves a way to image the two-dimensional band information of solid materials by using laser-induced HHG.
Published: 2018

50. Role of the Transition Dipole Amplitude and Phase on the Generation of Odd and Even High-Order Harmonics in Crystals

Author: Ruifeng Lu, Chi Lin, Shicheng Jiang, Hui Wei, Ji-Gen Chen, and Chao Yu
Subjects: Physics, Condensed matter physics, Transition dipole moment, Phase (waves), General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Crystal, Dipole, Amplitude, Harmonics, 0103 physical sciences, Harmonic, High harmonic generation, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Since the first observation of odd and even high-order harmonics generated from ZnO crystals in 2011, the dependence of the harmonic yields on the orientation of the laser polarization with respect to the crystal axis has never been properly interpreted. This failure has been traced to the lack of a correct account of the phase of the transition dipole moment between the valence band and the conduction band. Using a simple one-dimensional two-band model, here we demonstrate that the observed odd harmonics is directly related to the orientation dependence of the magnitude of the transition dipole, while even harmonics is directly related to the phase of the transition dipole. Our result points out the essential role of the complex transition dipole moment in understanding harmonic generation from solids that has long been overlooked so far.
Published: 2018

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