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To achieve good performance of fault feature extraction for a rolling bearing, a new feature extraction method is presented in this paper based on local maximum synchrosqueezing transform (LMSST) and global fuzzy entropy (GFuzzyEn). First, targeting the time-varying features of the vibration signals of the rolling bearing, the LMSST algorithm, which is a newly developed time-frequency method and allows for adaptive mode decomposition, is used to preprocess the vibration signals into a number of mode components. Then, as a modification of FuzzyEn, GFuzzyEn is adopted to evaluate the complexity of these mode components. Compared to FuzzyEn, which focuses mainly on the local characteristics of the short-term physiological time series, the GFuzzyEn emphasizes the global characteristics of the signal considering that the bearing vibration signals' global fluctuation may change as the bearing works under various conditions. Finally, the fault features of the bearing vibration signals are extracted by combining the LMSST and the GFuzzyEn. The experimental analysis shows that the proposed LMSST-GFuzzyEn method can extract rich fault-related information from the bearing vibration data and can achieve good classification performance for rolling bearing fault diagnosis.

Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease that endangers human health. At present, chemical drugs used for osteoporosis have serious side effects. Therefore, it is valuable to search herbs with high safety and good curative effect in antiosteoporosis. Erzhi formula (EZF), an ancient classic compound, has been reported to have a beneficial effect in antiosteoporosis, but its mechanism is unclear. In this paper, the active compounds of EZF were found in Systems Pharmacology Database, and gene targets related to osteoporosis were obtained in GeneCards. The GO functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed by Metascape. The network of “components-targets-signal pathway” was constructed by Cytoscape. Next, molecular docking between the active components and hub genes related to the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was conducted by Autodock. In the verification experiment, the zebrafish induced by prednisolone (PNSL) was used to reproduce glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) model, and then the reversal effects of EZF were systematically evaluated according to the behavior, skull staining area, bone mineralization area (BMA), average optical density (AOD), and cumulative optical density (COD). Finally, it was shown that 24 components in EZF could regulate 39 common gene targets to exert antiosteoporosis effect. Besides, the main regulatory mechanisms of EZF were 4 signaling pathways: PI3K-Akt, JAK-STAT, AGE-RAGE, and cancer pathway. In PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, wedelolactone, dimethyl wedelolactone, specnuezhenide, ursolic acid, acacetin, beta-sitosterol, apigenin, and kaempferol can bind tightly with EGF, IL-2, and IL-4 genes. Compared with the model group, the moving distance, swimming speed, and cumulative swimming time of zebrafish in EZF group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the BMA and COD of zebrafish were significantly improved after the intervention of EZF (P<0.05). In summary, the 24 components of EZF exert their antiosteoporosis effects by regulating 39 related gene targets, among which the PI3K signaling pathway is crucial. EZF can promote bone formation and reversed GIOP through “multicomponent/multitarget/multipathway” and the medium dose of EZF may be the most suitable concentration for the treatment of GIOP in zebrafish model.

Panacis Quinquefolii Radix (PQR) is often illegally sulfur fumigated to extend shelf life and improve appearance, but existing regulations of detecting SOTo investigate the transformation pattern of chemical components and SCDs in SF-PQR, and to disclose the linkage between SCDs and SF-PQR nephrotoxicity.The extracts of PQR (before and after SF) were detected by the UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS method, and SCDs were screened as quality markers (Q-markers). The composition of sulfur combustion products was examined by ion chromatography to exploit the conversion mechanism of SCDs. After administration of PQR extracts to mice for two weeks, serum was collected for GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics study to mine for differential metabolites. The upstream genes were traced by network analysis to probe toxicity targets. Molecular docking was used to uncover the interactions between SCDs and the targets.Thirty-three compounds were identified and 11 SCDs of saponins were screened, including four SOSF-PQR caused kidney damage by affecting glycerolipid metabolism and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis. Eleven SCDs were potential nephrotoxic substances and Q-markers for identifying SF-PQR. This study is the first to systematically elucidate the mechanism of SF-PQR-related nephrotoxicity, providing a robust basis for the construction of new quality control standards and a global prohibition of sulfur fumigation.

This paper addresses the robust job-shop scheduling problems (RJSSP) with stochastic deteriorating processing times by considering the resilience of the production schedule. To deal with the disturbances caused by the processing time variations, the expected deviation between the realized makespan and the initial makespan is adopted to measure the robustness of a schedule. A surrogate model for robust scheduling is proposed, which can optimize both the schedule performance and robustness of RJSSP. Specifically, the computational burden of simulation is considered a deficiency for robustness evaluation under the disturbance of stochastic processing times. Therefore, a resilience-based surrogate robustness measure (SRM-R) is provided for the robustness estimation in the surrogate model. The proposed SRM-R considers the production resilience and can utilize the available information on stochastic deteriorating processing times and slack times in the schedule structure by analyzing the disturbance propagation of the correlated operations in the schedule. Finally, a multi-objective hybrid estimation of distribution algorithm is employed to obtain the Pareto optimal solutions of RJSSP. The simulation experiment results show that the presented SRM-R is effective and can provide the Pareto solutions with a lower computational burden. Furthermore, an RJSSP case derived from the manufacturing environment demonstrates that the proposed approach can generate satisfactory robust solutions with significantly improved computational efficiency.

Job shop scheduling problem (JSP) with random machine breakdowns (RMBs) is studied in this paper for the purpose of finding an efficient measure for assessing and minimizing the schedule risk to optimize the stability of the schedule makespan. A novel and comprehensive measure for schedule risk evaluation is proposed based on the internal relation among the total slack time, the probability and downtime of RMBs, and the makespan delay. Since it does not come with an exact solution, an analytical approximation method is developed for practical calculation. Based on this method, the genetic algorithm is used to minimize the schedule risk. Experiments of twenty-one benchmark JSPs with RMBs are provided. Results show that while both the analytical approximation method and the Monte Carlo simulation perform similarly in the optimization of the schedule risk, the former computes much faster than the latter. Thorough comparison is also made with the state-of-the-art surrogate robustness measures, which confirms the superiority of the proposed measure for schedule risk evaluation.

Two Epimedium-derived isomeric flavonoids, CIT and IT, had the therapeutic effect in osteopenic rats. However, it is difficult to expound their activity differences in anti-osteoporosis. This paper contrasted their anti-osteoporosis activity from the perspective of their affinity to OPG/RANKL protein targets. Molecular docking indicated that both of CIT and IT could interact with the hydrophobic pockets of OPG/RANKL, while CIT was easier and more stable to combine with RANKL. On the contrary, compared with CIT, IT was more inclined to combine with OPG and stay away from combining with RANKL. Subsequently, whether the interaction between isomeric flavonoids and OPG/RANKL targets promoted or suppressed bone resorption was undefined and which was validated by zebrafish embryo and ovariectomized rats in this paper. Compared with IT, the staining area and cumulative optical density of zebrafish skeleton were significantly increased after the treatment of CIT (0.1 μM, p < 0.05). Furthermore, CIT mainly reflected a more significant role in upregulating OPG (p < 0.05), downregulating RANKL (p < 0.05), reducing serum AKP and TRACP level (p < 0.05), enhancing bone biomechanical properties (p < 0.05), increasing bone mineral density (p < 0.05) and improving trabecular bone microarchitecture (p < 0.05) in osteoporotic rats. In conclusion, the combination of isomeric flavonoids (CIT/IT) and OPG/RANKL targets attenuated the excitation effects of OPG or RANKL on RANKL. Because CIT was more firmly combined with RANKL than IT, CIT had stronger anti-osteoporosis effect by inhibiting bone resorption.

Air traffic congestions for processing relief cargos under post-disaster relief scenarios are common, due to high transport demands within a short time. To enhance the resilience of relief operations at airport, an optimization problem of relief air cargo transportations involving aircraft sequencing and loading/unloading within a designated hangar is studied in this paper. The objective is minimizing the tardiness in fulfilling inbound and outbound relief cargos. A mixed-integer linear programming model is formulated, which incorporates aircraft sequencing and hangar parking planning. To resolve the practical problem efficiently, we propose a two-stage optimization approach, which reduces complexity in solving the original model by coordinating the decisions of aircraft landing and take-off schedule and cargo hangar parking arrangement through iterations. The efficiency of the proposed method is examined through the computational results. High-quality solutions can be obtained by the two-stage optimization method within a reasonable time for practical implementation, which enhances the responsiveness and resource utilization of airport operations management under disaster relief situations.

Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (GRER) has been used as a medicinal plant and dietary supplements for its beneficial effect in immunomodulatory effects. Sulfur fumigation (SF) processing was widely used in the storage and maintenance of Chinese medicine because of its convenience and cheapness. However, the disadvantage of SF has been reported, but the systematic study of SF on GRER was deficient. In this paper, the active ingredients, sulfur-fumigated products, immunomodulatory effect, and liver injury of SF-GRER were studied. After SF, the liquiritin decreased from 4.49 ± 0.03 mg/g to 3.94 ± 0.08 mg/g (P<0.01). Compared with the NSF-GRER group, the SF-GRER group showed a decreased immunoregulation in the thymus index, spleen index, and serum IL-6 and SOD levels (P<0.05). After 2 weeks of continuous intragastric administration of SF-GRER in healthy mice, the level of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) significantly increased (P<0.05) and the area of liver lesion significantly increased compared with the NSF-GRER (P<0.05) group. The sulfonated products (m/z, 631.13) corresponding to liquiritin apioside (m/z, 551.17) and isoliquiritin apioside (m/z, 551.17) were screened out in SF-GRER by using UPLC-Orbitrap-MS. The sulfonated products provided in this paper were discovered for the first time and could be powerfully applied for the identification of SF-GRER. SF destroyed the chemical composition of GRER, inhibited immunoregulation, and induced liver injury. The feasibility of this processing method needs to be reconsidered.

Ethnopharmacological relevance The influence of sulfur fumigation processing on chemical profile, pharmacological activity and safety of Chinese herbs has attracted great attention. Panacis Quinquefolii Radix (PQR) was more widely used as edible and medicinal than Ginseng because of its tonifying effect and characteristic of not getting inflamed. The disadvantage of sulfur fumigated (SF) Ginseng has been reported, but the systematic study of SF-PQR is deficient and urgently needed. Aim of the study To systematically describe the influence of sulfur fumigation on chemical profile, characteristic products, immunoregulation and liver and kidney injury of PQR. Materials and methods ICP-MS and HPLC-DAD were used to detect 11 inorganic elements and 3 ginsenosides, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to distinguish SF-PQR from non-sulfur fumigated (NSF)-PQR by combining the content changes of inorganic elements and ginsenosides. UPLC/Orbitrap-MS was applied to screen the characteristic products (m/z) after sulfur fumigation. For the effectiveness and safety, male KM mice were used to compare the immunomodulatory effects of NSF-PQR or SF-PQR under both healty and cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppressive conditions by net growth rate of body weight, thymus and spleen indices, serum IL-6, SOD, BUN, AST levels, and HE staining of liver and kidney. Results Sulfur fumigation processing significantly reduced the contents of ginsenosides Rb1, Re and Rg1 with the elevation of inorganic elements in 20 batches PQR. Based on the scatter distribution of PCA, SF-PQR and NSF-PQR can be distinguished. According to the Rt, Precursor ion (m/z) and Product ion (m/z) produced by UPLC/Orbit trap-MS, R1-SO3 (m/z, 1059.53), Re-SO3 (m/z, 1025.55), Rg1-SO3 (m/z, 878.47), Ro-SO3 (m/z, 1035.32), Rb1–SO3 (m/z, 1179.58), and Rk3-SO3 (m/z, 745.40) could be confirmed as important markers for identifying SF-PQR. The effect of SF-PQR on reversing immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide was significantly reduced (P Conclusion Sulfur fumigation processing not only reduced the immunomodulatory effect of PQR, but also brought the hidden danger in liver and kidney injury. The sulfonated products provided in this paper can be applied for the identification of SF-PQR accurately.

Steganography is a means of covert communication without revealing the occurrence and the real purpose of communication. The adaptive multirate wideband (AMR-WB) is a widely adapted format in mobile handsets and is also the recommended speech codec for VoLTE. In this paper, a novel AMR-WB speech steganography is proposed based on diameter-neighbor codebook partition algorithm. Different embedding capacity may be achieved by adjusting the iterative parameters during codebook division. The experimental results prove that the presented AMR-WB steganography may provide higher and flexible embedding capacity without inducing perceptible distortion compared with the state-of-the-art methods. With 48 iterations of cluster merging, twice the embedding capacity of complementary-neighbor-vertices-based embedding method may be obtained with a decrease of only around 2% in speech quality and much the same undetectability. Moreover, both the quality of stego speech and the security regarding statistical steganalysis are better than the recent speech steganography based on neighbor-index-division codebook partition.

This study focuses on surrogate measures (SMs) of robustness for the stochastic job shop scheduling problems (SJSSP) with uncertain processing times. The objective is to provide the robust predictive schedule to the decision makers. The mathematical model of SJSSP is formulated by considering the railway execution strategy, which defined that the starting time of each operation cannot be earlier than its predictive starting time. Robustness is defined as the expected relative deviation between the realized makespan and the predictive makespan. In view of the time-consuming characteristic of simulation-based robustness measure (RMsim), this paper puts forward new SMs and investigates their performance through simulations. By utilizing the structure of schedule and the available information of stochastic processing times, two SMs on the basis of minimizing the robustness degradation on the critical path and the non-critical path are suggested. For this purpose, a hybrid estimation of distribution algorithm (HEDA) is adopted to conduct the simulations. To analyze the performance of the presented SMs, two computational experiments are carried out. Specifically, the correlation analysis is firstly conducted by comparing the coefficient of determination between the presented SMs and the corresponding simulation-based robustness values with those of the existing SMs. Secondly, the effectiveness and the performance of the presented SMs are further validated by comparing with the simulation-based robustness measure under different uncertainty levels. The experimental results demonstrate that the presented SMs are not only effective for assessing the robustness of SJSSP no matter the uncertainty levels, but also require a tremendously lower computational burden than the simulation-based robustness measure.

In this study, the occurrence and sources of five cataloged antibiotics and metabolites were studied in Jiulongjiang River basin, south China. Nineteen antibiotics and 13 metabolites were detected in water samples from 16 river sampling sites, wastewater from 5 swine-raising facilities, and effluent from 5 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The results showed that 12 antibiotics and 6 metabolites were detected in river water samples. Sulfonamides (SAs) and their metabolites were detected at high concentrations (8.59-158.94 ng/L). Tetracyclines (TCs) and their metabolites were frequently detected in swine wastewater, and the maximum concentration was up to the level in milligram per liter. Macrolides (MLs) and β-lactams (β-Ls) were found in all WWTP effluent samples and some river samples, while they were never found in any of the swine wastewater samples. SAs and quinolones (QNs) were detected in all samples. Hierarchical cluster analysis of 16 surface water samples was applied to achieve the spatial distribution characteristics of antibiotics in the Jiulongjiang River. As a result, two categories were obviously obtained. Principal component analysis and redundancy analysis showed that TCs and SAs as well as their metabolites were the major antibiotics in Jiulongjiang River, and they mainly originated from swine wastewater, while the QNs, MLs, and β-Ls in the Jiulongjiang River came from WWTP effluent.