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We extend the Reshetikhin-Semenov-Tian-Shansky method to super case to define quantum affine superalgebra Uq (gl(1|1)) and super Yangian double DY(gl(1|1)); Use the Ding-Frenkel map to get their Drinfel’d realizations. The universal R-matrix of DY(gl(1|1)) is given.

We analyze the Gaussian and chiral supereigenvalue models in the Neveu-Schwarz sector. We show that their partition functions can be expressed as the infinite sums of the homogeneous operators acting on the elementary functions. In spite of the fact that the usual W-representations of these matrix models can not be provided here, we can still derive the compact expressions of the correlators in these two supereigenvalue models. Furthermore, the non-Gaussian (chiral) cases are also discussed., Comment: 23 pages. Revised version accepted for publication in JHEP

Using selected sepiolite (SEP) and biochar (BC) as contrasts, we investigated the effects of a new cross-linked modified chitin (CC) on the bioavailability of Pb and Cd in soils, the yield of rice, and the absorption and accumulation of Pb and Cd in different parts of rice plants in a field environment. We hope this study provides the basis for the application of this material to improve soil fertility, and a direction for further soil improvement studies. A field experiment was carried out in 2015-2016 on selected Pb- and Cd-contaminated rice fields in Linghai, Liaoning. The changes in soil pH and available Pb and Cd in the soil were analyzed after the rice was harvested(October 2016). The effects of different treatments on the growth traits and yield of rice, the absorption of Pb and Cd by rice roots, stems and leaves, and grains were compared. The results showed that adding 167-333 kg·hm

We investigate the colored Yang—Baxter equation. Based on a trigonometric solution of colored Yang—Baxter equation, we construct a colored quantum algebra. Moreover we discuss its algebraic Bethe ansatz state and highest wight representation.

Recent evidences have shown that macrophages are tightly related to pathological lymphangiogenesis. However, the effects which primitive macrophages take in embryonic lymphatic development remains unclear. Here, we postulate that the primitive macrophages may play an important role in initial embryonic lymphatic development. The possible mechanism: primitive macrophages induce BECs to transdifferentiate into LECs and initiate the budding, moreover, the lymph sacs are not only formed by LECs but also some scattered cells with macrophage characteristics preferentially located in the loose mesenchyme.

Based upon Cartan's geometric formulation of differential equations, Harrison and Estabrook proposed a geometric approach for the symmetries of differential equations. In this Letter, we extend Harrison and Estabrook's approach to analyze the symmetries of differential-difference equations. The discrete exterior differential technique is applied in our approach. The Lie symmetry of ( 2 + 1 ) -dimensional Toda equation is investigated by means of our approach.

The conformal space \frac M was introduced by Dirac in 1936. It is an algebraic manifold with a spin structure and possesses naturally an invariant Lorentz metric. By carefully studying the birational transformations of \frac M, we obtain explicitly the transition functions of the spin bundle over \frac M. Since the transition functions are closely related to the propagation in physics, we get a kind of solutions of the Dirac equation by integrals constructed from the propagation. Moreover, we prove that the invariant Lorentz metric together with one of such solutions satisfies the Einstein-Dirac combine equation

In this paper, we have considered the q deformation of the AKNS-D hierarchy, proved the bilinear identity and obtained the τ function of the q deformed AKNS-D hierarchy.

We analyse the multifractal structure of moments Gq in terms of a new variable X on data of 197Au, 32S and 16O induced interactions with emulsion nuclei and Monte Carlo generated samples. The dynamical properties of the produced particles are mapped onto multifractal spectra. We compare ln G in experimental data of 197Au, 32S and 16O with pure statistical fluctuations. It is shown that the stochasticity plays an important role for the G-moments.

A quantum dynamical $\check{R}$-matrix with spectral parameter is constructed by fusion procedure. This spin-1 $\check{R}$-matrix is connected with Lie algebra $so(3)$ and does not satisfy the condition of translation invariance.

We analyze the symmetries of the reflection equation for open XYZ model and find their solutions K± case by case. In the general open boundary conditions, the Lax pair for open one-dimensional XYZ spin-chain is given.

The in-plane normal state resistance Rn(T, H) in an overdoped La2−xSrxCuO4 crystal (x = 0.24) has been measured in magnetic fields up to 20 T parallel to the c-axis. The Rn(T) curves in constant fields show a quadratic behavior in a wide range of temperature above Tc(H). Some characteristic features in Rn(H) are observed. In the low-field region Rn(H) increases with increasing H, reaches a maximum and then decreases with further increasing H. Possible origins for the observed unusual Rn(T, H) behavior are discussed.

We obtain Drinfel'd's realization of quantum affine superalgebra $U_q\hat{(gl(1|1))}$ based on the super version of RS construction method and Gauss decomposition.

The complete charge distribution of products from Au nuclei fragmenting in nuclear emulsion at 10.7A GeV has been measured. Multiplicities of produced particles and particles associated with the target source are used to select peripheral and central events. A statistical analysis, based on event-by-event charge distributions, show that a population of subcritical, critical and supercritical events, i.e. a phase transition like behaviour, is observed among peripheral collisions.

In this paper, we discuss the bicovariant differential calculus on quantum Lorentz group, and provide corresponding de Rham complex and Maurer-Cartan formulae.

The anomalous behavior of 2-dimensional factorial moment in nucleus-nucleus collisions is studied in some detail using both mini-bias and central collision data of ^{16}O-, ^{32}S- and ^{197}Au-Em interactions from EMU01 experiment. The correct value for the effective Hurst exponent in the analysis of higher-dimensional factorial moment is found to be greater than unity, showing clearly the existence of superposition effect in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The anomalous behavior of 2-dimensional factorial moment in nucleus-nucleus collisions is studied in some detail using both mini-bias and central collision data of ~{16}O-, ~{32}S- and ~{197}Au-Em interactions from EMU01 experiment. The correct value for the effective Hurst exponent in the analysis of higher-dimensional factorial moment is found to be greater than unity, showing clearly the existence of superposition effect in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The anomalous behavior of 2-dimensional factorial moment in nucleus-nucleus collisions is studied in some detail using both mini-bias and central collision data of ~{16}O-, ~{32}S- and ~{197}Au-Em interactions from EMU01 experiment. The correct value for the effective Hurst exponent in the analysis of higher-dimensional factorial moment is found to be greater than unity, showing clearly the existence of superposition effect in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The anomalous behavior of 2-dimensional factorial moment in nucleus-nucleus collisions is studied in some detail using both mini-bias and central collision data of ~{16}O-, ~{32}S- and ~{197}Au-Em interactions from EMU01 experiment. The correct value for the effective Hurst exponent in the analysis of higher-dimensional factorial moment is found to be greater than unity, showing clearly the existence of superposition effect in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The anomalous behavior of 2-dimensional factorial moment in nucleus-nucleus collisions is studied in some detail using both mini-bias and central collision data of ~{16}O-, ~{32}S- and ~{197}Au-Em interactions from EMU01 experiment. The correct value for the effective Hurst exponent in the analysis of higher-dimensional factorial moment is found to be greater than unity, showing clearly the existence of superposition effect in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The anomalous behavior of 2-dimensional factorial moment in nucleus-nucleus collisions is studied in some detail using both mini-bias and central collision data of ~{16}O-, ~{32}S- and ~{197}Au-Em interactions from EMU01 experiment. The correct value for the effective Hurst exponent in the analysis of higher-dimensional factorial moment is found to be greater than unity, showing clearly the existence of superposition effect in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The anomalous behavior of 2-dimensional factorial moment in nucleus-nucleus collisions is studied in some detail using both mini-bias and central collision data of ~{16}O-, ~{32}S- and ~{197}Au-Em interactions from EMU01 experiment. The correct value for the effective Hurst exponent in the analysis of higher-dimensional factorial moment is found to be greater than unity, showing clearly the existence of superposition effect in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The anomalous behavior of 2-dimensional factorial moment in nucleus-nucleus collisions is studied in some detail using both mini-bias and central collision data of ~{16}O-, ~{32}S- and ~{197}Au-Em interactions from EMU01 experiment. The correct value for the effective Hurst exponent in the analysis of higher-dimensional factorial moment is found to be greater than unity, showing clearly the existence of superposition effect in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The anomalous behavior of 2-dimensional factorial moment in nucleus-nucleus collisions is studied in some detail using both mini-bias and central collision data of ~{16}O-, ~{32}S- and ~{197}Au-Em interactions from EMU01 experiment. The correct value for the effective Hurst exponent in the analysis of higher-dimensional factorial moment is found to be greater than unity, showing clearly the existence of superposition effect in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The anomalous behavior of 2-dimensional factorial moment in nucleus-nucleus collisions is studied in some detail using both mini-bias and central collision data of ^{16}O-, ^{32}S- and ^{197}Au-Em interactions from EMU01 experiment. The correct value for the effective Hurst exponent in the analysis of higher-dimensional factorial moment is found to be greater than unity, showing clearly the existence of superposition effect in nucleus-nucleus collisions.

On the basis of graded RTT formalism,the defining relation of the super-Yangian Y(gl(1|1)) is derived and its oscillator realization is constructed., 7 pages, latex, no figures, to appaer in the International Workshop on Frontiers in Quantum Field Theory,Urumqi,11-18,Augast,1996

Recent results from the EMU-01/12 collaboration are presented for 10.7 GeV/nucleon gold nuclei interactions in emulsion. The distributions of "bound" charge ( Zbound ,Z b3), multiplicity distributions, fragment correlations and fluctua- tions are discussed. The data are compared to similar results obtained on the ALADIN setup at 600 MeV/nucleon. It is shown that multifragmentation of gold nuclei at high and in- termediate energies has common features. It is also obtained that the IMFs have reduced multiplicity at high energies. The data are analyzed within the scope of the statistical model of multifragmentation. This model requires the fol- lowing predetermined model ingredients: mass, charge and excitation energy of nuclear residuals. The simple estimation method of these characteristics is proposed in the framework of the Glauber approach. It is shown that the multifragmentation model reproduces qualitatively the present data. A dramatic discrepancy between the predicted and experimental yield of two charged fragments is found. The evolution of transverse momentum of fragments as a function of Zbound is presented. It is shown that the model greatly underpredicts the transverse momentum of fragments. It is interpreted as evidence of a strong radial flow of spectator fragments.

Results on charged particle multiplicities, densities and fluctuations from central Pb+Pb interactions at 158 A GeV are presented and discussed.

In this note, we claim that we have obtained all nondegenerate eight-vertex-type solutions of colored Yang-Baxter equation with spectral and color parameters by several solution transformations and eight basic solutions with the help of Wu algorithm.

In this paper all eight-vertex type solutions of the coloured Yang - Baxter equation dependent on spectral as well as colour parameters are given. It is proved that they are composed of three groups of basic solutions, three groups of their degenerate forms and two groups of trivial solutions up to five solution transformations. Moreover, all non-trivial solutions can be classified into two types called Baxter type and free-fermion type.

In this paper, symmetries and spectral‐dependent six‐vertex‐type solutions of the colored Yang–Baxter equation are discussed. It is shown that each nondegenerate six‐vertex‐type solution of the colored Yang–Baxter equation is equivalent to one of the six basic solutions up to five solution transformations and all solutions can be classified into two types called the Baxter type and the free‐Fermion type.

In this note, we claim that we have obtained all nondegenerate solutions of Yang–Baxter equation with spectral parameter for square-lattice eight-vertex model without "zero-field" conditions by several solution transformations and six basic solutions with the help of Wu algorithm.

The relation between the infinite-dimensional 3-algebras and the dispersionless KdV hierarchy is investigated. Based on the infinite-dimensional 3-algebras, we derive two compatible Nambu Hamiltonian structures. Then the dispersionless KdV hierarchy follows from the Nambu-Poisson evolution equation given the suitable Hamiltonians. We find that the dispersionless KdV system is not only a bi-Hamiltonian system, but also a bi-Nambu-Hamiltonian system. Due to the Nambu-Poisson evolution equation involving two Hamiltonians, more intriguing relationships between these Hamiltonians are revealed. As an application, we investigate the system of polytropic gas equations and derive an integrable gas dynamics system in the framework of Nambu mechanics., 12 pages

In this paper, quantum subgroups and quantum co-set spaces including corresponding dififerential calculi are discussed.

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of TNF-α on rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and to assess feasibility of MSC transplantation to repair ischemic injury. In this study, adhesion molecules and cell specific surface markers on MSCs were measured after exposure to different concentrations of TNF-α. MSCs stimulated with varying concentrations of TNF-α were cultured with aortic endothelial cells, and the adhesion rate was measured. MSCs were then stimulated with an optimum concentration of TNF-α as determined in vitro, and injected intravenously into rats with ischemic hind limb injury. The number of MSCs in muscle samples from the ischemic area was counted. The results showed that (1) TNF-α induced a concentration-dependent increase in VCAM-1 expression in MSCs, whereas the expression of L-selectin, ICAM-1 and VLA-4 did not change significantly. Expression of MSC-specific antigens was unchanged. (2) MSCs pretreated with 10 ng/ml TNF-α showed significantly increased adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro, and accumulated to a greater extent in the areas of ischemic damage in rat hind limbs. We were able to conclude that TNF-α has no effect on expression of MSC-specific markers, but can increase the expression of VCAM-1 on rat MSCs. Suitable concentrations of TNF-α can promote MSC adhesion to endothelial cells and migration to damaged tissue.

The authors prove that the differential calculi on quantum groups of A-series given in this letter and in previous papers are *-calculi.

It is shown that the Beltrami equation has an infinite‐dimensional symmetry, namely the Beltrami algebra, on its solution spaces. The Beltrami algebra with central extension and its supersymmetric version are explicitly found.

We introduce the Beltrami gauge symmetry related to the Beltrami parametrization of the metrics and the Beltrami equations. We explore its role in 2d induced gravity and show that Polyakov's-SL(2R) and KPZ's residual symmetries are subsymmetries of the Beltrami gauge symmetry in the light-cone gauge. We also find that the 2d induced gravity with or without matter can be reformulated as Beltrami-Liouville field theories on Riemann surfaces of higher genus.

We construct the Beltrami algebra related to quasiconformal transformation on torus and its BRST formalism. The formalism shows the central charge of the Beltrami algebra is equal to 28, that is .

It is shown that the multi-pole Virasoro algebra on a Riemann sphere can be obtained from the operator product expansion of the stress-energy tensors in conformal field theory with a modified definition of the vacua and other states, and the BRST formalism of the algebra can also be constructed. The implications of the symmetry in string theory and in conformal theory are briefly mentioned.

The superconformal algebras of meromorphic vector fields with multipoles, the central extension and the relevant abelian differential of the third kind on the super-Riemann sphere are constructed. The background of our theory concerns with the interaction of closed superstrings.

The symmetries, especially those related to the $R$-transformation, of the reflection equation(RE) for two-component systems are analyzed. The classification of solutions to the RE for eight-, six- and seven-vertex type $R$-matrices is given. All solutions can be obtained from those corresponding to the standard $R$-matrices by $K$-transformation. For the free-Fermion models, the boundary matrices have property $tr K_+(0)=0$, and the free-Fermion type $R$-matrix with the same symmetry as that of Baxter type corresponds to the same form of $K_-$-matrix for the Baxter type. We present the Hamiltonians for the open spin systems connected with our solutions. In particular, the boundary Hamiltonian of seven-vertex models was obtained with a generalization to the Sklyanin's formalism., Comment: LaTeX, 16 pages

We extend the study on the algebraic structure of the $su(n)$ color Calogero-Sutherland models to the case of $gl(n|m)$ color CS model and show that the generators of the super-Yangian $Y(gl(n|m))$ can be obtained from two $gl(n|m)$ loop algebras. Also, a super $W_{\infty}$ algebra for the SUSY CS model is constructed., LaTeX, 13 pages

We extend Yangian double to super (or graded) case and give its Drinfel'd generators realization by Gauss decomposition., Comment: 6 pages, Latex, no figures

The corrosion behavior of a Ni3A1–1 5at%Fe alloy has been studied in air and melted salts, and also that of Ni3Al alloys contained series boron in melted salts. The first alloy has two oxidation rate constants. Its initial oxidation activity energy is 319 kJ / mol. There was much FeAl2O4 formed at 950°C, which possessed better oxidation resistance than NiFe2O4, therefore the alloy had the best oxidation resistance at 950°C. It also had better sulfidation resistance than 00Cr19NillTi stainless steel at 850°C, but the alloy was sulfidized seriously at 950°C. The sulfides were FeS2 at 850°C and A12S3, Ni2S3 at 950°C. There were different initial oxides formed, which were Fe3O4 at 850°C, and mixture oxides of NiO, NiMoO4, A12O3 and NiAl2O4 at 950°C , respectively. The Ni3Al alloys with boron contents from 0 to 3.7at% had better sulfidation resistance than the stainless steel at 850°C, and the alloy with 1.37at%B was the best. The sulfides were the same in the boron containing Ni3Al alloys which were Al2S3 and Ni7S6.

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni3Al-based composites reinforced with TiC particles have been investigated. The composites, which contained 2, 6, 10 vol.%TiC particulate reinforcement, were fabricated by solidification processing method. The matrix alloy selected for this study was the advanced nickel-aluminide (Ni-16Al-8Cr-1Zr-0.8Mo-0.04B at.%).The optical micrographs revealed that the carbides in the composites distributed uniformly in the martix and appeared as fairly equiaxed particles. SEM observation showed that the interface between TiC and matrix is quite smooth, sharp and free of any phase. The test results indicated that the hardness was increased with increasing volume fraction of TiC particles at ambient temperature, and the composites exhibited higher hardness after 1100°C × 8h heat treatment. The yield strength has been improved due to reinforcement by the TiC particles at ambient and elevated temperature, but their ductility was reduced obviously. From SEM fractography, it could be seen that tensile failure occurred at the matrix / particulate interface.