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Numerous routing protocols have recently been developed for ad hoc mobile networks. Routing protocols to date can be categorized as either `table-driven' or `on-demand'. Many of the proposed routing protocols take the on-demand approach because this does not require keeping lots of routing information. However, these kinds of protocols are not able to react fast enough to maintain routing. In this paper, we propose a new protocol to improve existing on-demand routing protocols by constructing multiple backup routes; when the network topology changed, the proposed protocol could transmit data packets dynamically through backup routes. We then developed an analytic model to estimate the reconnection probability of the proposed algorithm. We also examined the performance by simulating the protocol using ns2. The experimental results showed that the protocol had fewer control packages, lower routing packet overhead, and a higher receiving ratio than others.

The method of automatically generating generalized curvilinear meshes has many advantages and is beginning to be used in ocean simulations. This three-dimensional (3-D) coastal barotropic model in generalized curvilinear grids was developed to simulate theM2,S2,K1 andO1 tidal waves in the Bohai Sea, China. The numerical results agreeing with observations showed that the method is an effective tool for improving accuracy of simulations in shallow shelf seas, especially in the near coast region, if the pseudo effect there usually caused by rectangular grids can be removed.

In this study, the moving velocitiy of precursor solitons, of the flow in depressed region, and of the zero-crossing of the trailing wavetrain relative to the moving disturbance for single-layer flow over topography were theorecticaly determined in terms of the mass and energy conservation theorems, andwere examined with numerical calculations showing good agreement with theoretical results.

Theoretical mean wave resistance and regional division of the energy of single-layer flow over topography is studied at the near-resonant region in the weakly nonlinear, long wave limit. The theoretical mean wave resistance is determined in terms of the 1st and 2nd conservation laws of the fKdV equation. It is proved by the asymptotic mean method that the theoretical mean wave resistance depends only on the intensity and moving velocity of the topography. The theoretical results of this paper are in good agreement with numerical calculations. Comparisons between the theoretical and numerical results showed that the theory of the present paper holds for any small compact topography.

Theoretical mean wave resistance and regional division of the energy of single-layer flow over topography is studied at the near-resonant region in the weakly nonlinear, long wave limit. The theoretical mean wave resistance is determined in terms of the 1st and 2nd conservation laws of the fKdV equation. It is proved by the asymptotic mean method that the theoretical mean wave resistance depends only on the intensity and moving velocity of the topography. The theoretical results of this paper are in good agreement with numerical calculations. Comparisons between the theoretical and numerical results showed that the theory of the present paper holds for any small compact topography.