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3D concrete printing is a kind of construction method that takes concrete as processing material for extrusion forming. The material properties of concrete make it difficult to control the dimensional accuracy of printed parts, so there are always problems in forming quality of concrete printed parts. In this paper, the error sources of concrete printed parts are discussed firstly, and the forming quality of the printed parts material is analyzed in combination with GD&T system and concrete structure engineering construction quality acceptance specifications. Then, the factors affecting the forming quality are summarized. Finally, the optimization and improvement methods are proposed.

Endophytic fungi have the potential to enhance plant resistance to various stresses and promote the ecological adaptation of the hosts. To evaluate the effects of the riparian endophytes on rice seedlings to flooding tolerance, here we screened out two endophytes from the plant Myricaria laxiflora growing in the Yangtze River zone. Through morphological characteristics and rDNA ITS (internal transcriber region) sequence, the two strains were respectively identified as Aspergillus fumigatus and Chaetomium globosum. Metabolites derived from both fungi were capable of increasing tolerance to flooding. Systematic separation and purification coupled to bioassays revealed that two natural antioxidants, Z-N-4-hydroxystyryl formamide (NFA) and chaetoglobosin A (CheA), were effective for alleviating flooding stress. Both NFA and CheA inhibited the production of factors such as malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, ethanol dehydrogenase, and NADPH oxidase that are associated with oxidative stress induced by flooding. Gene expression analyses of NADPH oxidase families indicated that OsRbohB could be involved in conferring flooding tolerance mediated by the two natural antioxidants. These findings contribute to understanding the role of the natural antioxidants in riparian endophytic fungi, and providing a basis for improvement of flooding tolerance of rice and other crop plants through the antioxidants of the fungal endophytes.

The presence of sampling artifacts associated with collection of particles on glass or quartz fiber filters and gases on an adsorbent bed downstream has been identified by several researchers Al-though it is recognized that gas-and particle-phase measurements of organics are influenced by sampling artifacts, the effect of sampling artifacts on measurements of individual organic compounds is not well understood because of the complexity introduced by the interaction of the many species present including water vapor. Differences between apparent particle concentrations measured with the FA and the sum of Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor stages provide a good estimate of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) measurement uncertainties due to sampling artifacts. Thus, sampling artifacts can result in significant bias in the measurement of particle-phase concentrations of PAHs found predominantly in the gas phase and those evenly distributed between gas and particle phases. There is a convincing body of evidence that sampling artifacts bias measurement of particulate organic compounds.

The extraction, purification, structure and hepatoprotective activity of a homogenous polysaccharide (SPS60) from Sabia parviflora were investigated. SPS60 was screened after purification with Sephadex G-100 and showed the excellent hepatoprotective activity. Its structural characteristics were investigated by Time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS), PMP Pre-column derivatization-HPLC (PMP-HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The results showed that SPS60 possessed the molecular weight of 16900 Da and the monosaccharide component was glucose, as well as a 1 → 6 glycosidic bond. The results of atomic force microscopy (AFM) show that SPS60 is a blocky sphere in solution. Furthermore, the SPS60 could significantly improve the survival rate of LO2 hepatocytes which were damaged by CCl4. Therefore, SPS60 may be an active substance of S. parviflora as a local functional tea.

In order to establish the dynamic model of redundant robotic arm more accurately, this paper studies the identification method of the dynamic parameters of redundant robotic arm. A method of introducing the theory of spins based on the Newton-Euler dynamics equations, and using the Coulomb + viscous friction model to further derive the minimum parameter set through linearization is proposed. The method of offline identification of current measurement is used to realize the parameter identification of the robotic arm. The excitation trajectory is designed in the basic form of Fourier series. The non-linear optimization function is used to optimize the coefficient of the trajectory with the minimum number of conditions in the observation matrix as the goal Therefore, the available joint trajectories are obtained, and the obtained parameter set has high accuracy and can meet the needs of actual control. Finally, the method was experimentally tested by actual robot Walker, which verified the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Four new α-pyrone derivatives, xylariaopyrones A-D (1-4), together with four known compounds were isolated from the PDB broth of endophytic fungus xylariales sp. (HM-1). Their structures were identified by comprehensive analysis of NMR, MS and CD spectra. The absolute configurations of compounds B-D were determined by calculating their ECD spectra. Compound C (3) and D (4) was a pair of epimer with a ketal function group. The eight obtained metabolites were evaluated to four cancer cell lines, but they showed no significative data with IC50 > 50 μg/mL. And the antimicrobial assay results appeared that xylariaopyrones A-D displayed the inhibiting activity with MIC value ranging from 20.5 to 50.6 μg/mL. Finally, the results of brine shrimp inhibiting activity from eight compounds displayed different inhibiting ratio from 40% to 92%.

The huge economic loss of citrus fruit after harvest called for safe and efficient preservatives, as chemically synthesized agents threatened the environment and human health. Herein a biocontrol fungus Chaetomium globosum QY-1 near the orchard in riparian area was identified to have antimicrobial, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activity, which meets the requirements of an ideal preservative. Metabolite profiling based on bioassay-guided fractionation was carried out, and eight polyketones were determined by MS and NMR. The most abundant CheA exhibited strong inhibition to Penicillium digitatum, the main pathogen caused citrus fruit rot. Among these metabolites, Epicoccone and Epicoccolide B showed higher antioxidant activity, while Epicoccone and CheA had higher tyrosinase inhibitory activity. All the activities were close to or even better than the positive control (Vc; glutathione; Vc and arbutin; Bellkute), implying that the metabolites of C. globosum had comprehensive effects as natural preservatives.

Penicillium oxalicum has been used as a biocontrol fungus in agriculture for many years, but the antimicrobial substances are still uncertain. Herein, we isolated a linear peptide named Sanxiapeptin in the culture broth of Penicillium oxalicum SG-4 collecting from the Three Gorges riparian zone. Sanxiapeptin exhibited potent inhibitory effect on citrus green mold Penicillium digitatum, the main fungi responsible for postharvest decay. Sanxiapeptin was elucidated as composing of five amino acids, which were β-amino-α-methoxybutyric acid (Amoba), N-Me- l -Thr, d -Thr, N-Me- l -Val and l -Ser. By analyzing three chemically synthesized oligopeptides with similar structures, we found that the first amino acid of Amoba was crucial to the antifungal activity, as was the methylation of peptide bond. Sanxiapeptin may act as an antimicrobial agent by affecting the function of cell membranes or walls. The antimicrobial spectrum, safety and stability analysis supported that Sanxiapeptin was a promising antifungal agent for citrus preservation.

Energy and environmental problems are among the important factors restricting economic development. The development of green energy is an important measure to deal with energy and environmental problems, such as wind energy and photovoltaic. Energy Internet is an important mean to promote the transformation of the energy structure, improve energy efficiency and reduce pollution. In introduction, the energy Internet is put forward. Then the architecture and characteristics of energy Internet, such as integration, openness, intelligence and marketization of energy Internet are analyzed. Next, key technologies such as energy router, virtual power plant and network security technology are discussed. Finally, a few suggestions for the development of energy Internet are proposed, and hoped to promote the development of energy Internet.

The purposes of this study are to develop a healthy commute map indicating cleanest route in Taipei metropolitan area for any given journey and to evaluate the pollutant doses exposed in different commuting modes. In Taiwan, there are more than 13.6 million motorcycles and 7.7 million vehicles among the 23 million people. Exposure to traffic-related air pollutants can thus cause adverse health effects. Moreover, increasing the level of physical activity during commuting and longer distances will result in inhalation of more polluted air. In this study, we utilized air pollution monitoring data (CO, SO2, NO2, PM10, and PM2.5) from Taiwan EPA’s air quality monitoring stations in Taipei metropolitan area to estimate each pollutant exposure while commuting by different modes (motorcycling, bicycling, and walking). Spatial interpolation methods such as inverse distance weighting (IDW) were used to estimate each pollutant’s distribution in Taipei metropolitan area. Three routes were selected to represent the variety of different daily commuting pathways. The cleanest route choice was based upon Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the lowest cumulative pollutant exposure. The IDW interpolated values of CO, SO2, NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 ranged from 0.42–2.2 (ppm), 2.6–4.8 (ppb), 17.8–42.9 (ppb), 32.4–65.6 (μg/m3), and 14.2–38.9 (μg/m3), respectively. To compare with the IDW results, concentration of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1) along the motorcycle route was measured in real time. In conclusion, the results showed that the shortest commuting route for motorcyclists resulted in a much higher cumulative dose (PM2.5 3340.8 μg/m3) than the cleanest route (PM2.5 912.5 μg/m3). The mobile personal monitoring indicated that the motorcyclists inhaled significant high pollutants during commuting as a result of high-concentration exposure and short-duration peaks. The study could effectively present less polluted commuting routes for citizen health benefits.

Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a 8,000 nucleotide-long, spliced non-coding RNA, which has been reported to be deregulated in several tumors. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of MALAT1 in ovarian cancer has not been previously investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of MALAT1 inhibition on the tumorigenity of SKOV3 cells. First, stable MALAT1-knockdown ovarian cancer cells and control cells were established using lentivirus-mediated artificial micro RNA interference in order to investigate the effect of MALAT1 inhibition on cell viability, clonability, migration, invasion and apoptosis in vitro. In addition, the effect of MALAT1 on cell growth in nude mice was assessed. To identify the possible targets of MALAT1, total RNA was extracted from MALAT1-knockdown cells and control cells and a microarray analysis was performed. The results showed that MALAT1 inhibition significantly suppressed tumorigenity in vitro and in vivo (P

A novel, sensitive and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantification of chikusetsusaponin IVa (CHS-IVa) in rat plasma was established and validated. Plasma samples were pre-treated by precipitation of protein with acetonitrile and chromatographed on a Waters Symmetry C18 analytical column (4.6 × 50 mm, i.d., 3.5 μm) using a mobile phase consisting of methanol and water containing 0.05% formic acid (55:45, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The deprotonated molecular ions [M - H](-) were employed in electrospray negative ionization mode and selected reaction monitoring transitions were performed for detection. The calibration curves exhibited good linearity (r > 0.99) over the range of 0.5-1000 ng/mL for CHS-IVa. The recoveries of CHS-IVa were >92.5% and exhibited no severe matrix effect. This method was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic study of CHS-IVa in rats. For oral administration, the plasma concentrations of CHS-IVa increased to a peak value at 0.35 ± 0.14 h, followed by a gradual decrease to the lower limit of quantitation in 24 h. For intravenous administration, the plasma concentrations of CHS-IVa decreased quickly (t1/2 , 1.59 ± 0.25 h). The absolute bioavailability of CHS-IVa in rats was 8.63%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The approach to promoting the development of energy saving and emission reduction and clean energy is meaningful for modern power industry. Firstly, combined the advantages of clean energy emission reduction and the role of generation rights trading which optimize the allocation of resource, a scheme considering carbon trading to fully calculate the benefits of clean energy generation rights trading is proposed in this paper. Then, the carbon trading benefit is calculated, and a maximum social utility model considering carbon trading benefit is established. Combined with the characteristics of clean energy power generation, the model is improved to a clean energy generation rights trading model, and the quotation and matching order is optimized. Finally, results in case verify the correctness of the proposed model and the feasibility of the approach, which fully calculate the benefits of clean energy generation rights trading using carbon trading benefit-based generation rights trading.

In order to solve the problem of free surface processing of tool redundancy,the tool lack problem, and the demerit of low machining efficiency, etc., based on the iso-scallop method, based on the iso-scallop method, we put forward a kind of free surface NC machining tool path optimization algorithm,make the surface boundary discrete point set, which is generated by point set ring machining path, diagonal connection and then use the path of the adjacent curve, forming cutting tool machining line.finally, the calculation of step size and line spacing in machining path based on the iso-scallop method and the process of feeding direction is optimized. Proved by the simulation process, the algorithm is feasible and can effectively avoid tool redundancy and tool lack problems,concesquently, processing efficiency improved significantly.

Summary Background Several pioneering studies have provided evidence for the introduction of universal pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disease. However, whether the benefits of screening reported in studies from high-income countries would translate with similar success to low-income countries is unknown. We assessed the feasibility and reliability of pulse oximetry plus clinical assessment for detection of major congenital heart disease, especially critical congenital heart disease, in China. Methods We did a pilot study at three hospitals in Shanghai to assess the accuracy of pulse oximetry plus clinical assessment for detection of congenital heart disease. We made a data collection plan before recruitment. We then undertook a large, prospective, and multicentre screening study in which we screened all consecutive newborn babies (aged 6–72 h) born at 18 hospitals in China between Aug 1, 2011, and Nov 30, 2012. Newborn babies with positive screen results (either an abnormal pulse oximetry or abnormal clinical assessment) were referred for echocardiography within 24 h of screening. We identified false-negative results by clinical follow-up and parents' feedback. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios for pulse oximetry alone, and in combination with clinical assessment, for detection of major and critical congenital heart disease. Findings In the pilot study, 6785 consecutive newborn babies were screened; 46 of 49 (94%) cases of asymptomatic major congenital heart disease and eight of eight (100%) cases of asymptomatic critical disease were detected by pulse oximetry and clinical assessment. In the prospective multicentre study, we screened 122 738 consecutive newborn babies (120 707 asymptomatic and 2031 symptomatic), and detected congenital heart disease in 1071 (157 critical and 330 major). In asymptomatic newborn babies, the sensitivity of pulse oximetry plus clinical assessment was 93·2% (95% CI 87·9–96·2) for critical congenital heart disease and 90·2% (86·4–93·0) for major disease. The addition of pulse oximetry to clinical assessment improved sensitivity for detection of critical congenital heart disease from 77·4% (95% CI 70·0–83·4) to 93·2% (87·9–96·2). The false-positive rate for detection of critical disease was 2·7% (3298 of 120 392) for clinical assessment alone and 0·3% (394 of 120 561) for pulse oximetry alone. Interpretation Pulse oximetry plus clinical assessment is feasible and reliable for the detection of major congenital heart disease in newborn babies in China. This simple and accurate combined method should be used in maternity hospitals to screen for congenital heart disease. Funding Key Clinical Research Project sponsored by Ministry of Health, Shanghai Public Health Three-Year Action Plan sponsored by Shanghai Municipal Government, and National Basic Research Project of China.

Cervical cancer is currently the first or second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in developing countries. This study was conducted in order to determine whether neoadjuvant cisplatin and 5-flourouracil (NAPF) prior to surgery is superior to primary surgical treatment (PST) as a treatment option for patients with International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB2/IIA2 cervical cancer. A retrospective review of 195 patients with early-stage bulky cervical cancer was performed. The patients were divided into two groups, according to whether they received NAPF prior to surgery. The surgical profiles and complications, risk factors of recurrence and survival were compared between the groups. The response rate to NAPF was found to be 61.2%. There were no differences in operative time and intra-operative complications between the two groups, whereas the estimated blood loss in the NAPF and PST groups were 620.1±394.9 and 434.8±233.7 ml, respectively (P=0.000). When compared with PST, NAPF remarkably reduced tumor size (22.5 vs. 93.3%, P=0.000). Furthemore, the ratio of deep stromal invasion was significantly lower in responders to NAPF compared with that in non-responders (46.7 vs. 76.3%, respectively; P=0.004) and in the PST group (46.7 vs. 70.0%, respectively; P=0.004). No reduction of high-risk factors (HRFs) was observed. The NAPF group, even the responder subgroup, exhibited no significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to the PST group. In conclusion, despite the reduction of intermediate-risk factors (IRFs), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with the NAPF regimen prior to radical surgery (RS) did not improve the prognosis in patients with FIGO stage IB2/IIA2 cervical cancer.

Objective To study the drainage proportions from the corpora cavernosa in defrosted human cadavers, as the veins related to penile erection were recently depicted to comprise the deep dorsal vein (DDV), a pair of cavernous veins (CVs) and two pairs of para-arterial veins (PAVs), as opposed to a single DDV between Buck’s fascia and the tunica albuginea of the human penis. Materials and methods With no formalin fixation, 10 defrosted male human cadavers were used for this study. After injecting a 10% solution of colloid, and with the intracavernous pressure (ICP) fixed at 90 mmHg, the perfusion rate was recorded before and after the DDV, CVs and PAVs were removed, respectively. Finally, measurements were again recorded after penile arterial ligation. Cavernosography was used if required. Results The mean (range) perfusion rate for maintaining the ICP at 90 mmHg was 30.2 (15.5–90.8) mL/min, whereas the arterial perfusion rate was 2.8 (0.3–3.9) mL/min. The mean (range) drainage proportion of the corpora cavernosa was 60.5 (50.3–69.7)%, 11.9 (5.8–22.9)% and 11.4 (5.2–15.0)% via the DDV, CVs and PAVs, respectively. The remaining drainage proportion was 15.6 (14.1–18.1)%. This study shows the separate drainage contributions of the DDV, CVs and PAVs to the corpora cavernosa of the human penis. Conclusion We conclude that the venous drainage system of the corpora cavernosa is much more complex than the previous depictions of it, and the consequent focus on a single DDV. This also shows the independent role of each venous system.

Penile vascular surgery for treating erectile dysfunction (ED) is still regarded cautiously. Thus we reviewed relevant publications from the last decade, summarising evidence-based reports consistent with the pessimistic consensus and, by contrast, the optimistically viable options for vascular reconstruction for ED published after 2003. Recent studies support a revised model of the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa as a bi-layered structure with a 360° complete inner circular layer and a 300° incomplete outer longitudinal coat. Additional studies show a more sophisticated venous drainage system than previously understood, and most significantly, that the emissary veins can be easily occluded by the shearing action elicited by the inner and outer layers of the tunica albuginea. Pascal’s law has been shown to be a significant, if not the major, factor in erectile mechanics, with recent haemodynamic studies on fresh and defrosted human cadavers showing rigid erections despite the lack of endothelial activity. Reports on revascularisation surgery support its utility in treating arterial trauma in young males, and with localised arterial occlusive disease in the older man. Penile venous stripping surgery has been shown to be beneficial in correcting veno-occlusive dysfunction, with outstanding results. The traditional complications of irreversible penile numbness and deformity have been virtually eliminated, with the venous ligation technique superseding venous cautery. Penile vascular reconstructive surgery is viable if, and only if, the surgical handling is appropriate using a sound method. It should be a promising option in the near future.

With the development of Internet technology, E-government has become an important way for the governments in public information service and public management. This paper mainly expounded the technical background and the contribution of the data exchange platform in E-government system, discussed some problems that the current E-government is facing in the construction of data exchange platform, and then gave same solutions to the general architecture of data exchange platform technology

Production system modeling and simulation is an important technical course of industrial engineering education for undergraduate students. This paper presents an initial implementation of hybrid problem based learning (hPBL) method for the course, which combine problem-based learning (PBL) and lecture based learning (LBL) in teaching and learning process. The learning object and content of the course is introduced. An hPBL curriculum schedule is design for the course within a large classroom environment. The various open end problems of modeling and simulation are formulated for group collaborative learning. During learning procedure, the basic concepts and problem solving steps are introduced at the LBL classes, while the PBL classes focus on solving of selected problems. The hPBL greatly arouses the learning interest and improve the learning efficiency of students. The course is evaluated based on the students’ survey. The examination score of hPBL is analyzed and compared with pure LBL classes.

Buxus ichangensis is a rare shrub specifically distributed along the banks of the Yangtze River in Three Goreges Reservoir area. In order to bring a basis for population reconstruction and ex situ conservation, we surveyed the flood-tolerance capacity of B. ichangensis together with its close species, Buxus microphylla. The results showed that B. ichangensis plants were more tolerant to waterlogging stress. Through further investigation of the physiological responses of 2 Buxus species, we supposed a possible mechanism for flooding adaption that physiological factors, especially photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content and root livingness, were highly correlated with flooding-tolerance.

A four-season experiment was carried out in the North China Plain (NCP) to evaluate crop yield and water productivity of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under sprinkler and surface irrigation. Results show that leaf area index (LAI) of winter wheat was greater and active leaf area lasted for longer in the sprinkler than in the surface irrigated field. Above-ground biomass at harvest was 4 similar to 22.1% greater in the sprinkler than in the surface irrigated field, similarly the yield was greater by 11.5 similar to 50.9%. The greater yield was mainly due to the greater weight of 1000 kernels in the sprinkler irrigated field. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration (ET) was lower by 4 similar to 23%, water productivity (WP) was higher by 18 similar to 57% and irrigation water productivity (IWP) was higher by 21 similar to 81% in the sprinkler field than in the surface irrigated field. Statistical analysis of four-season data by using a generalized linear model showed that the sprinkler irrigation method significantly increased crop yield, WP and IWP, and significantly decreased crop ET. Crop WP and IWP were also significantly affected by climate conditions and agronomic practices. Therefore, the sprinkler irrigation method was recommended as an efficient and water-saving irrigation method for winter wheat cultivars in the North China Plain. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

To estimate the flight attitude angles of Guided Projectile rapidly and accurately to realize the precise control, angular motion equations and MEMS gyroscope measurements were used to build the state equation and the measurement equationcombined withthe ballistic priori knowledge. Based on the unscented kalman filter for nonlinear system, an approach of estimating the attitude angles of Guided Projectile was proposed. Taking a certain type of Guided Projectile as an example, the data of triaxial angular velocities with the measurement noise was considered as the output signal of MEMS gyros, and considered the calculated ballistic data as the ballistic priori knowledge. Through the approach proposed in this paper, the above were used to obtain the estimates for attitude angles. The results indicate that, it’s feasible to obtain the attitude angles by angular motion equations and gyros. On account of the actual random noise signal of gyros, the accuracy of the estimated attitude angles can meet the requirement of trajectory control system for Guided Projectile.

A simple and reliable ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry method (UPLC-TOF-MS) was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of the major bioactive constituents in Acanthopanax senticosus and its extract. The separation of five compounds was performed on a UPLCTM HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with gradient elution using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. All targeted compounds (syringin, chlorogenid acid, caffeic acid, eleutheroside E and isofraxidin) were baseline separated within 5.3 min in samples, which represented an approximate six-fold reduction in the analysis time in comparison to published HPLC method. Quantitation was carried out working in the V mode using the narrow widow extracted ion chromatograms (nwXICs) of each compound (extracted using a 20 mDa window). Furthermore, all calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.999) within the test ranges. The precision was evaluated by intra- and inter-day tests, which revealed relative standard deviation (RSD) values of less than 3.88%. The recoveries for the quantified compounds were between 96.3% and 103.7%, with RSD values below 2.89%. According to the literature, this study represents the first investigation of the simultaneous analysis of multiple components and the method can be applied to determine the amounts of the major compounds in Acanthopanax senticosus and its extract by UPLC-TOF-MS.

To enhance the product quality and production efficiency, we studied the kinetics of the microwave - vacuum drying of bleached shellac and optimized its technological process. Through the test, the drying curve, drying rate curve and drying constant of the bleached shellacs under different pressure were obtained and through the drying curve fitting, the drying model was obtained. And through the optimization test, the optimal conditions for the microwave - vacuum drying of bleached shellac were obtained, that is, pressure of 3000Pa, microwave power of 700W and drying time of 25min, then the products of color index of 0.9, water content of 0.0296 kg water / kg dry materials were obtained.

Schubert’s method for solving systems of sparse equations has achieved a great deal of computational success. In this paper, Schubert’s method was extended to multiple version, and the compact representation of multple Schubert’s updating matrix was derived. The compact representation could be used to efficiently implement limited memory methods for large problems.

To explore the relationship between body fat distribution, insulin resistance, islet β cell function and metabolic disorders in adult population.From February to November 2012, a total of 174 subjects aged 20-68 years were recruited. Their anthropometric parameters, blood biochemical indices and the results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin releasing test (IRT) were collected. Body fat distribution was measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).The values of trunk/total fat mass (T/B) and android/gynoid fat mass ratio (A/G) were positively correlated with blood pressure, blood lipid, plasma glucose, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Compared with the group of normal metabolism, the group of metabolic disorders had higher T/B and A/G (P0.05). After multiple stepwise regression analysis, the main influencing factors of lnHOMA-IR and lnHOMA-β were T/B and Grespectively.Logistic regression showed that A (OR = 3.01, 95%CI 1.86-8.17) was a risk factor for diabetes and A/G (OR = 2.71, 95%CI 1.75-6.56) a risk factor for dyslipidemia.Trunk and android fat deposition aggravates insulin resistance, metabolic disorders. And the main influencing factors of insulin resistance and islet β cell function are trunk and gynoid fat respectively. Android fat mass is a major risk factor for glycolipid metabolism.

The flower buds of Lonicera japonica are widely used in Chinese medicine due to the anti-inflammatory properties. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) may be one of the most critical components in L. japonica. Previous studies suggest that HQT gene play a very important role in the synthesis of CGA. In order to overexpress HQT gene specifically in the petals, we successfully isolated the full-length cDNA of HQT gene from L. japonica. Then from Lilium orential ‘Sorbonne’, we cloned an 896-bp promoter (PLoCHS) which can drive chalcone synthase gene (CHS) specifically expression in flowers. After sequencing and bioinformatical analysis, two constructs based on pCAMBIA2300 were obtained, one was a constituently expression vector driving HQT by 35S promoter, and the other fused HQT and PLoCHS promoter. In the further research, we will transform the constructs into L. japonica callus. This study provides a means of improving the CGA content in L. japonica flowers, and will be helpful in understanding the expression pattern of HQT related with CGA and development of the plants.

Background Congenital perineal mass is rare. Although there have been several reports describing male neonates with a perineal mass with urogenital anomalies, no similar cases have been reported in female infants. Case We present a case of a 17-month-old girl with a congenital, slowly enlarging perineal mass with cervovaginal duplication. Excision of the mass was performed and histopathogic examination revealed it to be a hamartoma. Conclusion Congenital perineal mass may be the result of urorectal septum outgrowth and it is likely to be associated with urogenital and/or anorectal anomalies.

Five sediment cores from a north−south transect of Lake Michigan were collected using box cores deployed from the RV Lake Guardian and from a submersible (Johnson Sea Link II, RV Seward Johnson). The sediments, analyzed for PAHs (n = 28) and 210Pb to obtain accumulation rates and inventories of PAHs, were used to determine the role of the atmosphere in contaminant loading to Lake Michigan. The accumulation of PAHs in the sediments increased dramatically around 1900, reached a plateau around 1930−1975, and decreased slightly in recent time. Surface sediment accumulation rates and inventories for ∑PAHs (n = 17 parent), corrected for sediment focusing with 210Pb, equaled 50−70 ng cm-2 yr-1 and 5000−7000 ng cm-2, respectively. The relative abundances of individual PAH compounds from Lake Michigan sediments, PM-10 aerosol of Chicago, and a coke oven signature are statistically similar establishing a linkage between combustion sources in the south, atmospheric deposition, and sediment accumulation. Further supp...

To investigate the potential role of adipocytes fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP)inhibitor to prevent pancreatic islet cells from cytotoxic injury by inflammatory cytokines released from macrophage.Co-culture system for RAW264.7 macrophage and MIN6 insulinoma cells was established through transwell combined with A-FABP inhibitor BMS309403 treatment for 48 h. Meanwhile, cultured RAW264.7 and MIN6 respectively were set up as controls. In the inhibitor group, BMS309403 preprocessing (5 µmol/L) was performed 2 h before co-culture. The expression of toll-like receptors(TLR)4 and A-FABP in RAW264.7 macrophages was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α levels in the supernatant were detected by ELISA, Glucose-stimulated insulin level was detected by insulin radioimmuno-assay kits for the function of islets.(1) The mRNA and protein levels of both TLR4 and A-FABP in RAW264.7 macrophages as well as the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α in the supernatant were significantly higher in co-culture group than in macrophages control group (P0.05). (2) Insulin secretion stimulated by high glucose was obviously decreased in co-culture group when compared with insulinoma cells control group [(16.0 ± 2.2) vs (41.1 ± 6.6) ng/ml, P0.05]. After the treatment with A-FABP inhibitor, the mRNA and protein levels of both TLR4 and A-FABP as well as the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α in the supernatant were significantly lower than in co-culture control (P0.05). However, insulin secretion stimulated by high glucose was significantly enhanced when compared with insulinoma cells control group [(31.4 ± 3.3) vs (16.0 ± 2.2) ng/ml, P0.05].This study demonstrated that co-culture of macrophage and islet cells can activate inflammation pathway, stimulate inflammatory cytokine release and decrease insulin secretion from islet cells. A-FABP inhibitor can protect islet cells from macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity and preserve its insulin secretory function.

In recent years, increased awareness of health issues and environmental protection, and the introduction of regulations regarding air quality, have created a demand for air quality monitoring technology. By combining wireless sensing technology and the ARIMA prediction model, an intelligent air quality monitoring system was constructed, which uses the ARIMA model to predict the carbon dioxide trend, thus providing capabilities beyond just monitoring. Experimental results show advantages of the proposed system; the prediction model, when historical data was collected at fifty-minute intervals, had a maximum error rate of 7.18% and a minimum error rate of 0.06%, showing promise for predicting future trends.

Adiponectin is an adipokine with insulin-sensitising and anti-atherogenic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate whether low adiponectin levels predict the impairment of endothelial function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients in an 8-year prospective study.In the prospective study, we enrolled 133 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients without subclinical atherosclerosis and gave them intensive therapy; the mean treatment period was 8 years. Intensive treatment was a stepwise implementation of behavior modification and pharmacological therapy targeting hyperglycaemia, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity. We measured baseline circulating adiponectin with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation by high-resolution vascular ultrasound. At year 8, 102 patients were reexamined for endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation.Sex-adjusted adiponectin level was positively correlated with endothelium-independent vasodilation both at baseline (r = 0.150, P = 0.043) and at year 8 (r = 0.339, P = 0.001), whereas no association was found between adiponectin and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. In a stepwise multivariate linear regression model, adiponectin was an independent predictor for impaired endothelium-independent vasodilation at year 8 (P = 0.001).Plasma adiponectin concentration was associated with endothelium-independent vasodilation and hypoadiponectinemia predicted the impairment of endothelium-independent vasodilation in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients under multifactorial intervention. These data support the causative link of impairment of endothelium-independent vasodilation with hypoadiponectinemia.

The purpose of this study is to build an indoor air quality monitoring system using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) technology. The main functions of system include (1) providing a continuous and long term air pollutant data collecting and monitoring, (2) to analyze and predict the trend of air quality, (3) to give the patients with respiratory diseases a real time warning message when system detect an abnormal air quality condition, and (4) pursue a feedback actions such as starting air-conditioning systems to improve the air quality. Our system has been deployed at 4 different areas in Taiwan and the relative accuracy is within the range (\(\leqq\) 10% standard gas) that defined in Taiwan.

The purpose of this study is to build an indoor air quality monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) technology. The main functions of the system include (1) remote parameter adjustment and firmware update mechanism for the sensors to enhance the flexibility and convenience of the system, (2) sensor nodes are designed by referring to the IEEE 1451.4 standard. This way, sensor nodes can automatically adjust and be plug and play, and (3) calibration method to strength the measurement value's sensitivity and accuracy. The experimental results show that transmission speed improves 30% than Trickle, transmission volume reduced to 42% of the original volume, updating task in 5*5 network topology can be executed 1.79 times and power consumption reduced to 30%. When baseline drifts, we can use the firmware update mechanism to adjust the reference value. The way can reduce error percentage from 15% to 7%.

To investigate the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the level of inflammation in volunteers with varying degrees of metabolic disorders and the effect of intervention by TLR4 monoclonal antibody.THP-1 cell line was cultured with 10% serum of volunteers with various degrees of metabolic disorders (each 10 cases) for 24, 48 h. TLR4 and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation protein were measured by Western blot. TLR4 mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. The expression of IL-1β and TNF-α were detected by ELISA.The TLR4 mRNA and protein, the level of NF-κB p65 phosphorylation protein in THP-1 cell line and IL-1β and TNF-α expression in culture supernatant in normal, simple obesity, obesity with hyperglycemia, obesity with hyperlipidemia, obesity with three metabolic disorders groups had statistical significance (P0.05). The TLR4 mRNA and protein, the level of NF-κB p65 phosphorylation protein and the IL-1β and TNF-α expression in obesity with three metabolic disorders group were higher than those in other group, and those were time-dependent (P0.05). TNF-α expression in normal, simple obesity, obesity with hyperglycemia, obesity with hyperlipidemia, obesity with three metabolic disorders group at 48 h were (222 ± 32), (246 ± 52), (322 ± 32), (322 ± 34) and(490 ± 83)ng/L, respectively, IL-1β (ng/L) were (94 ± 19), (133 ± 19), (174 ± 22), (180 ± 30), (279 ± 38) (P0.05).The activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway on THP-1 cell line which is cultured by serum with various degrees of metabolic disorders is different, with the increasing of severity of metabolic disorders, TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation levels also incr.