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Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has been postulated to have an off-target effect on lesions not in the tumor-ablative field, possibly through heightened immunologic response. In this study, we evaluated whether combination IRE and immunotherapy would lead to increased tumor necrosis and T cell recruitment to both the treated tumors and tumors outside the local ablative field. An in vitro cell-IRE model was established to evaluate the ability of T lymphocytes (EL4 cell and HH cells) migration in response to Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells (Hepa1-6 and HepG2) with IRE treatment. An orthotopic HCC mouse model was established by implantation of 1mm^3 sections of Hepa1-6 tumor tissues into the right and left lobes of the liver. The Hepa1-6 cells and HepG2 cells with IRE treatment increased the migration ability of EL4 cell and HH cells, specifically when they were pretreated with immunotherapeutic agents in vitro. In the orthotopic HCC mouse model, IRE+immunotherapy treatment enhanced the necrosis and subpopulation of infiltrated CD8 positive cells, but attenuated the tumor associated inflammatory cells in both IRE target tumor tissues and IRE off-target tumor tissues from the mice with 4 weeks of immunotherapy following IRE. This study provided the evidence that combination of IRE and immunotherapy enhances tumor necrosis and immune responses, not only in the IRE-treated tumor but also in the off-target tumor.

In recent years, 125I radioactive seed implantation has been greatly developed for the treatment of unresectable pancreatic cancer, and clinical practice shows that it has good therapeutic effects in relieving pain, controlling local tumor progression, and prolonging patients′ survival time. This article introduces the physical and biological features of 125I radioactive seeds and the advantages and disadvantages of implantation, as well as the therapeutic method, surgical safety, and clinical effects of 125I radioactive seed implantation in the treatment of unresectable pancreatic cancer. This article points out that it is an effective therapeutic method and should be widely applied in well-equipped hospitals.

ObjectiveTo investigate postoperative application of multidisciplinary treatment (MDT) in hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies based on the pathological results. MethodsThe clinical data of patients who were diagnosed as hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies who were diagnosed and treated with postoperative MDT in our hospital from Apirl 2014 to March 2015 were analyzed. MDT was performed by consultation for four to six patients once every other week. The postoperative comprehensive treatment strategy for each patient was discussed and determined by all experts in the consultation. The effect of postoperative treatment and prognosis was summarized . Results25 postoperative MDT consultations on hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies were held for 131 patients, including 53 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 7 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, one patient with mixed-type liver cancer, 3 patients with metastatic liver cancer, 2 patients with liver sarcoma, 29 patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, 22 patients with pancreatic cancer, 5 patients with gallbladder cancer, and 9 patients with periampullary cancer. After surgery, 38 patients received interventional treatment, 19 systemic chemotherapy, 15 radiotherapy, 17 cell biotherapy, and 5 molecularly targeted therapy. The case fatality rate was 2.29%（3/131）. ConclusionPostoperative MDT provides scientific and rational personalized comprehensive treatment for patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies, and improves medication compliance in patients, which holds promise for wide application.

Heat history monitor: Combination of the sublimation and adsorption processes of specific dyes can be used as a measure of accumulated heat exposure. Mass transfer from the sublimation layer to the adsorption layer strongly depends on temperature and results in a gradual color change in the adsorption layer. The total color change reflects the accumulated heat exposure.