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Sepsis is a clinically common critical illness with high mortality rate. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), an acute inflammatory lung injury disease, is a common complication during the development of sepsis and can lead to a significant increase in the morbidity and mortality of sepsis patients. Timely diagnosis and early intervention are the keys to improving the prognosis of ARDS patients. However, due to the high heterogeneity of the disease, it is difficult to achieve breakthrough progress in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Currently, the main treatment is relatively conservative organ function support, but the mortality rate remains high. The international community advocates precise individualized treatment for sepsis-related ARDS patients, and progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of sepsis-related ARDS. Various new treatment methods have brought hope for improving the prognosis of patients. This article summarizes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, new diagnosis and treatment interventions of sepsis-related ARDS.

This study investigated the effect of combined thymosin α1 and vitamin C (Tα1 + VitC) on the immunological responses of septic rats. Five groups were designed. The septic model was established by the cecal ligation puncture (CLP) method. The sham group did not undergo CLP, the model group was given normal saline solution, the Tα1 group was given Tα1 (200 µg/kg), the VitC group was given VitC (200 mg/kg), and the Tα1 + VitC group was given Tα1 + VitC. Specimens for immunological analyses were collected at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h posttreatment in each group except for the sham group (only at 48 h). CD4 + CD25 + T cells in the peripheral blood and dendritic cell (DC) proportions in the spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-ß1), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were measured by ELISA. CD4 + CD25 + T cells and OX62 + DCs levels significantly increased in the model group and decreased in the Tα1 and/or VitC treatment groups. Similarly, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-ß1, and NF-κB significantly increased in the model group and decreased in the Tα1, VitC, and Tα1 + VitC groups, indicating that combined Tα1 and VitC therapy may help regulate the immunological state of patients with sepsis, thereby improving prognosis.

Based on the climatical daily meteorological data from May to August during 1979-2019, using the methods of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and multivariate empirical orthogonal function (MV-EOF), correlation analysis and synthetic analysis, the characteristics of the temporal and spatial evolution of atmospheric heat sources around the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the Bay of Bengal (BOB) are investigated, and their relationships with the rainstorm in eastern China are analyzed.It's found that MV-EOF can well show the relationship between the spatial distribution characteristics of different elements and their temporal evolution.The results reflect the close relationship between the thermal condition of TP and its surrounding areas, the summer monsoon circulation, and the rainstorm in eastern China.Correspondingly, the rainstorm events occur in Southeast China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, respectively. The spatial variation characteristics of the atmospheric heating in TP and surrounding areas show significant differences in the second and the third modes of MV-EOF, especially in the reversal of the thermal contrast between TP and BOB. The atmospheric heating in TP and BOB shows an opposite trend, which indicates that the sea-land thermal comparison between TP and BOB is likely to be one of the key factors leading to the occurrence of rainstorm events in different places in eastern China. The results of the synthetic analysis suggest a possible physical mechanism: When the atmospheric heating is weak over TP and strong over BOB, there is a strong ascending motion over BOB and its surrounding areas, which is conducive to the maintaining of South Asian high (SAH) and the northwestern Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) in southward position, and also conducive to the occurrence of cyclonic water vapor transportation circulation in Southeast China-South China Sea-Northwest Pacific. It weakens the southwesterly water vapor transportation, thus induces the continuous heavy precipitation in South China.After the increasing of the atmospheric heating over TP, the convergence and ascending motion of the lower atmosphere are strengthened, which attracts the SAH to move northward to TP, with an enhancement and eastward extension. The WPSH then lift northward, and the airflows around it convey more water vapor to West China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, resulting in heavy precipitation. The above results show that in the climate average state, the thermal contrast change of the TP and BOB can change the atmospheric vertical circulation through modulation, affect the location and intensity of the SAH and WPSH, and then change the water vapor transportation. It has an important impact on the spatiotemporal variation of the rainstorm events in the eastern China.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic increases the risk of adverse fetal outcomes during pregnancy. Maternal infection during pregnancy, particularly with cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis B and C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus can have detrimental effects on both mother and fetus, potentially leading to adverse outcomes such as spontaneous abortion or neonatal infection. However, the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection on the maternal–fetal interface remains poorly understood. In this study, we initially utilised immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical to investigate placental samples from pregnant women who were infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 during the first trimester. Our data indicate that infection in the first trimester induces an upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) levels at the maternal–fetal interface. Subsequently, single‐cell RNA sequencing and metabolomics sequencing analyses reveal alterations in maternal–fetal interface. Remarkably, immune cells exhibited low expression levels of HIF possibly associated with immune activation. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate a gradual reduction in transcriptome and metabolic changes as gestation progressed beyond 12–16 weeks compared to samples obtained at 6–8 weeks gestation. Overall, our study suggests that early‐stage SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during the first trimester leads to severe hypoxia and aberrant cell metabolism at the maternal–fetal interface which gradually resolves as pregnancy progresses. Nevertheless, these abnormal changes may have long‐term implications for maternal–fetal interface development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parent–child communication plays a crucial role in children's healthy growth. Nevertheless, there is currently a paucity of instruments designed to measure the quality of parent–child communication from a psychological perspective. Accordingly, based on the self psychology theory, this study has developed the Parent–Child Communication Quality Scale (PCCQS) to assess the quality of parent–child communication in terms of the extent to which children's psychological needs are met. A total of 1095 urban children (50.9% girls, M = 9.92, SD = 1.15) aged 8 to 12 years in eastern China were surveyed in this study. The measurement structure of the PCCQS was examined using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results of the CFA supported the second-order, four-factor structure of the PCCQS, with the 15-item PCCQS consisting of four factors (i.e., mirroring, idealization, empathy, and appropriate response). In conclusion, the PCCQS has good construct and criterion validity, as well as high internal consistency and split-half reliability. The scale is therefore a valuable tool for assessing the quality of parent–child communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the expression of eight subunits of chaperonin containing t-complex 1 (CCT) in thyroid cancer (TC) tissues and their correlation with TC staging, patient prognosis, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint expression, and chemotherapy drug sensitivity. Methods: Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used to analyze the expression of each CCT subunit in TC tissues and para-cancerous tissues as well as their relationship with the prognosis of TC patients. The biological function of each CCT subunit was analyzed by the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Data from the TCGA and TIMER2.0 databases were used to analyze the correlations between the expression of each CCT subunit and the tumor microenvironment, infiltration of immune cells, chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity, and immune checkpoint expression. Results: Database analysis showed high mRNA expression of CCT3, CCT7, and CCT8 and low mRNA expression of CCT1, CCT2, CCT5, and CCT6B in TC tissues (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001). CCT3, CCT6B, and CCT8 mRNA expression were correlated with T staging (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); CCT6B mRNA expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01); CCT5 mRNA expression was associated with distant metastasis (P < 0.05); and CCT6B may serve as an independent prognostic biomarker for overall survival (OS) in TC patients. CCT subunit expression was primarily enriched in signaling pathways such as graft rejection, complement, and interferongamma.Low expression groups of CCT subunits demonstrated significantly higher TC stromal score, immune infiltration score and composite score than the high expression groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 or P < 0.001), displaying a negative correlation between the expression of each CCT subunit and TC stromal, immune infiltration and composite scores (all P < 0.01). The mRNA expression of each CCT subunit was positively correlated with CD8+ T cell and macrophage infiltration (all P < 0.05), the mRNA expression of most CCT subunits (except CCT6B and CCT7) was positively correlated with neutrophil infiltration (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 or P < 0.001), whereas the mRNA expression of CCT3, 4, 7, and 8 was negatively correlated with CD4+ T-cell infiltration (all P < 0.05). Compared to the low-expression group, patients with high mRNA expression of most CCT subunit had significantly higher IC50 for chemotherapeutic agents such as sorafenib, levatinib, darafenib, trametinib, vandetanib, and cabozantinib (all P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 or P < 0.001). CCT subunit expression in TC tissues was significantly correlated with the expression of PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA4, CD80, and CD86 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 or P < 0.001). Conclusion: CCT complexes may promote TC development by affecting the tumor microenvironment thus impacting patient prognosis, potentially serving as a target for the diagnosis and immunotherapy of refractory TC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]