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Internal circulation（IC） denitrification reactor was designed on the basis of IC anaerobic reactor，and the engineering application was investigated for the reverse osmosis concentrated water treatment. The results showed that the IC denitrification reactor exhibited a rapid start and stable running. The effluent TN ranged from 1.89 mg/L to 14.0 mg/L with an average of 4.65 mg/L when the influent TN were from 18.7 mg/L to 39.0 mg/L with an average of 26.6 mg/L，which was lower than the required 15 mg/L by Standard B of Table1 in Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standards for the Yellow River Basin in Shanxi Province （DB 61/224-2018）. The effluent suspended solids mass concentration was lower with an average mass concentration of 18.6 mg/L，and the effluent COD of the subsequent recirculation biofilter was 35.4 mg/L，stably controlled below 50 mg/L，which showed a perfect comprehensive treatment effect. Moreover，the IC denitrification reactor had a small footprint，simple process，and a direct water treatment cost of 1.36 yuan/m3，which had significant economic benefits.

Lake ice phenology serves as a sensitive indicator of climate change in the lake-rich Northeast China. In this study, the freeze-up date (FUD), break-up date (BUD), and ice cover duration (ICD) of 31 lakes were extracted from a time series of the land water surface temperature (LWST) derived from the combined MOD11A1 and MYD11A1 products for the hydrological years 2001 to 2021. Our analysis showed a high correlation between the ice phenology measures derived by our study and those provided by hydrological records (R2 of 0.89) and public datasets (R2 > 0.7). There was a notable coherence in lake ice phenology in Northeast China, with a trend in later freeze-up (0.21 days/year) and earlier break-up (0.19 days/year) dates, resulting in shorter ice cover duration (0.50 days/year). The lake ice phenology of freshwater lakes exhibited a faster rate of change compared to saltwater lakes during the period from HY2001 to HY2020. We used redundancy analysis and correlation analysis to study the relationships between the LWST and lake ice phenology with various influencing factors, including lake properties, local climate factors, and atmospheric circulation. Solar radiation, latitude, and air temperature were found to be the primary factors. The FUD was more closely related to lake characteristics, while the BUD was linked to local climate factors. The large-scale oscillations were found to influence the changes in lake ice phenology via the coupled influence of air temperature and precipitation. The Antarctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation correlate more with LWST in winter, and the Arctic Oscillation correlates more with the ICD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveIn this study, an animal model of granulomatous lobular mastitis was constructed using human granulomatous lobular mastitis specimen homogenates and a suspension of complete Freund's adjuvant.MethodsTwenty-five rats with a history of maternity were randomly divided into five groups with five rats each: a blank control group, Freund's adjuvant group, normal mammary homogenate group, low-dose lesion homogenate group, and high-dose lesion homogenate group. In the lesion homogenization groups, rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant homogenate prepared from granulomatous mastitis patient tissues, and the third and fourth pair of mammary gland injections were administered to the rats at 0.2 mL in the high-dose group and 0.1 mL in the low-dose group. The normal mammary gland homogenate group was injected with normal mammary gland tissue homogenate from patients with granulomatous mastitis. The blank control group was injected with saline. The Freund's adjuvant group was injected with complete Freund's adjuvant. The histomorphological and pathophysiological characteristics of the mammary tissues were observed for 14 days after the completion of modeling, and the effects of the granulomatous lobular mastitis model were compared.ResultsThe morphological changes and physiopathological characteristics of granulomatous lobular mastitis in the high- and low-dose groups were significantly different when compared with the blank control, Freund's adjuvant, and normal breast homogenate groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionHuman granulomatous lobular mastitis specimen homogenates and suspensions of complete Freund's adjuvant for granulomatous lobular mastitis can successfully establish an animal model of the disease and lead to insights and new ideas for the etiology of the disease.