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Objectives: We aimed to establish a diagnostic model of endometriosis (EM) based on disulfidptosis‐related genes (DRGs). Materials and Methods: The mRNA expression data of EM were downloaded from the gene expression omnibus database and subjected to differential analysis, and co‐expression analysis was performed based on 10 disulfidptosis genes to acquire DRGs. The differentially expressed DRGs were subjected to biofunctional analysis. Lasso analysis and support vector machine‐recursive feature elimination (SVM‐RFE) analysis were employed to extract the intersection of feature genes as biomarkers, and the diagnostic values of biomarkers for EM were evaluated based on receiver operating characteristic curves. The correlations between biomarkers and the immune microenvironment were assessed by Pearson analysis of biomarkers and immune cell infiltration levels. Results: Transforming growth factor β stimulated protein clone 22 domain family member 4 (TSC22D4), and F‐box/SPRY domain‐containing protein 1 (FBXO45) worked as the diagnostic classifiers in EM, with an obvious decrease in FBXO45 expression and an evident increase in TSC22D4 expression. The areas under the curves of FBXO45 and TSC22D4 were 0.752 and 0.706, respectively, and the area of FBXO45 combined with TSC22D4 reached 0.865, suggesting that TSC22D4 and FBXO45 had high predictive values. The diagnostic markers were closely correlated with immune cell infiltration. Conclusion: The diagnostic markers constructed based on disulfidptosis are good predictors for EM, which have close correlations with EM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigates the serial multiple mediation of job stress and perceived behavioral control (PBC) in the relationship between social support and oral health behavior (OHB). Materials and Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted in Minhang District, Shanghai, China, between July and November 2021. 559 Employees from 10 community health centers were recruited. A five‐part survey was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, social support, job stress, PBC and OHB. Descriptive statistics, independent‐sample t‐test, Pearson's correlation analysis, ordinary least‐squares regression and the bootstrap method were used to analyze data. Results: Social support was found to impact OHB through three significant mediation pathways: the pathway through job stress (point estimate = 0.033; 95%BC CI [0.004, 0.089]), the pathway through PBC (point estimate = 0.283; 95%BC CI [0.174, 0.416]), and the serial multiple mediating pathway through first job stress and then PBC (point estimate = 0.006; 95%BC CI [0.001, 0.019]). Conclusion: This study indicates that job stress and PBC play a serial multiple‐mediator role in the relationship between social support and OHB. To ensure the effectiveness of social support intervention on OHB, workplace managers and employees should strengthen the motivators that could promote the reduction of job stress and the improvement of PBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis (EMS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of high incidence that causes serious reproductive consequences. High estrogen production is a consistently observed endocrine feature of EMS. The present study aims to probe the molecular mechanism of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) in the invasion and migration of ectopic endometrial stromal cells (Ect-ESCs) and provides a new rationale for EMS treatment. Eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues were collected from 41 EMS patients, and primary ESCs were separated. GPER, miR-16-5p, and miR-103a-3p levels in cells and tissues were determined by qRT-PCR or Western blot assay. Cell viability, proliferation, invasion, and migration were evaluated by CCK-8, colony formation, and Transwell assays. The upstream miRNAs of GPER were predicted by databases, and dual-luciferase assay was performed to validate the binding of miR-16-5p and miR-103a-3p to GPER 3'UTR. GPER was highly expressed in EMS tissues and Ect-ESCs. Inhibition of GPER mitigated the proliferation, invasion, and migration of Ect-ESCs. GPER was regulated by miR-16-5p and miR-103a-3p. Overexpression of miR-16-5p and miR-103a-3p negatively regulated GPER expression and inhibited the invasion and migration of Ect-ESC. In conclusion, GPER promoted the invasion and migration of Ect-ESCs, which can be reversed by upstream miR-16-5p and miR-103a-3p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Dynamic characteristics of refrigerant and lubricating oil were researched. • R290 LT-AWHP have different defrosting time with different oil. • Different oil has different change trend of oil sump physical properties. • μ ol is lower than the steady state value for a long time after defrosting. • Oil sump level drops a lot after the four-way valve reversed first time. The dynamic characteristics of refrigerant and lubricant in R290 rolling piston compressor used in LT-AWHP (ambient temperature (t a) of 7 ∼ −30 °C) are not clear at present. In this study, the changing characteristics of suction and discharge pressure and temperature, physical properties of oil sump (temperature, viscosity, solubility) and oil sump liquid level in the high pressure shell double-cylinder rolling piston compressor during defrosting cycle (steady state→ defrosting→ steady state) were experimentally researched in a R290 LT-AWHP with the rated power consumption of 1.9 kW using PAG40 and POE68 lubricants at t a of −12 and −20 °C. The results show that, the defrosting time and the change rule of oil sump physical properties are different when completely miscible oil and partially miscible oil used, but the defrosting time (about 3 – 5 min) is less than that of the R290 air to air heat pump (about 8 min). After defrosting, the fluid in the upside of compressor shell remains liquid and gas mixture for a long time, which would decrease total heating performance of the heat pump. After defrosting, oil sump viscosity is lower than the steady state value for a long time after discharge pressure is stabilized again. Within a period after the four-way valve reversing, the oil sump liquid level drops a lot, which may result in metal wear for insufficient oil supply on the side of sliding vane. This research would promote the improvement of defrosting process and provide guidance for the lubricant selection of R290 LT-AWHP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper solves the problem of block sparse vector recovery using the block ℓ1−αℓq$\ell _1-\alpha \ell _q$‐minimization model. Based on the block restricted isometry property (B‐RIP) condition, exact block sparse vector recovery result is obtained. The theoretical bound for the block ℓ1−αℓq$\ell _1-\alpha \ell _q$‐minimization model are also obtained when measurements are depraved by the noises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-speed circuit boards are created to meet the high-speed signal transmission requirements of 5G communication technology, but the non-polar resins, flat glass fibers, and multiple and hard fillers used for this purpose have posed new challenges to their micro-hole processing. The quality of micro-hole has always been a decisive factor in board performance. Therefore, this paper aims at proposing a new processing method for improving the micro-hole drilling quality of high-speed circuit boards. By establishing an ultrasonic-assisted drilling tool motion model, analyzing the changes in drilling method, material deformation, chip breakage, and chip removal during ultrasonic-assisted drilling of printed circuit boards, the influence mechanism on micro-hole quality during ultrasound-assisted drilling is studied prudently. Besides, an experimental platform for ultrasonic-assisted drilling is designed and built, and single-factor experiments for verification of ultrasonic effects, optimization of drilling parameters, and orthogonal experiments for ultrasonic-assisted drilling of high-speed circuit boards are conducted on this platform. The experimental results show that the loading of ultrasonic vibration has made an obvious improvement on several machining defects including hole wall roughness, entrance burr, and nail head in micro-hole drilling of high-speed circuit boards. In addition, the influence order of each processing parameter and a better combination of them are discovered, which provides a theoretical research basis and instructions for the improvement of micro-hole quality of high-speed circuit boards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• R290 vapor injection rotary compressor was used in low temperature heat pump. • Oil sump thermophysical properties and bearing oil film thickness were studied. • Experiments was conducted at ambient temperature of 7°C,-12°C, -20°C, -30°C. • Temperature and viscosity of oil sump have gradient, while solubility is uniform. • POE68 showed better performance than PAG40 in this study. Owing to the environmental friendly and low discharge temperature of propane (R290), R290 rotary compressor was proposed to use in low-temperature heat pump (ambient temperature of 7 ∼ -30°C). At present, research on lubricants of R290 rotary compressors used in low-temperature heat pumps is still lacking. Therefore, in this study, the oil sump thermophysical properties (temperature, solubility, and viscosity) of R290 rotary compressors used in low-temperature air-water heat pumps (LT-AWHP) and their influence on the oil film thickness of the bearings were studied experimentally and numerically. The study was conducted under different ambient temperatures (7, -12, -20, and -30°C) with different lubricants (PAG40 and POE68). The results show that under any condition, the oil sump solubility is uniform, and is close to the oil sump inlet saturation solubility (S oup-sat), while the viscosity in the oil sump outlet is higher than that in the oil sump inlet. Additionally, the oil film thickness and performance comparison show that POE68 is more suitable for low-temperature heat pumps than PAG40. We suggest that measures should be taken to decrease the oil sump viscosity under lower ambient temperatures and increase it under higher outlet water temperatures when using POE68. These results would provide guidelines for the choice of oil in the R290 rotary compressor for low-temperature heat pump and thus improving its performance and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the use of efficient and cost-effective methods to construct plasmonic surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates of high sensitivity, uniformity and reproducibility is still crucial to satisfy the practical application of SERS technology. In this paper, a localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) tunable flexible Ag@PDMS substrate was successfully constructed by the low-cost bio-template-stripping method and magnetron sputtering technology. The theory proves that the local electromagnetic field enhancement and "hot spot" distribution is adjustable by modifying the size of the optical cavity unit in the periodicity nanocavity array structure. Experimentally, using rhodamine 6G (R6G) as the target analyte, the SERS performance of optimal Ag@PDMS substrate (Ag film thickness for 315 nm) was researched in detail, which the minimum detection limit was 10−11 M and the enhancement factor was calculated as 8.03 × 108, indicating its high sensitivity. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was calculated as 10.38%, showing that the prepared substrate had excellent electromagnetic field enhancement uniformity. At last, the trace detection of Crystal violet (CV, LOD = 10−9 M) and the simultaneous detection of three common dyes (R6G, CV and Methylene blue (MB) mixture) were also realized. This result suggests that the SERS substrate has a good application prospect in the quantitative and qualitative detection of dye molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infects piglets and causes serious diarrhea as well as vomiting, dehydration, and death. The trimeric S protein plays a crucial role in the induction of neutralizing antibodies, and many neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against PEDV S protein have been developed. However, these mAbs exclusively target the S1 protein. In this study, we obtained a neutralizing mAb, 5F7, against the S2 protein of PEDV, and this mAb could neutralize new variant genotype 2 PEDV strains (LNCT2), as well as a genotype 1 PEDV strain (CV777), in vitro. The core sequence of the epitope was found in amino acid sequence 1261 aa~1337 aa. These findings confirm that the S2 protein possessed neutralizing epitopes and provided knowledge to aid further research on this virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a kind of RNA modification, which is related to the life activities of many organisms. Studying its distribution is very important to reveal its biological function. Previously, high-throughput sequencing was used to identify 5hmC, but it is expensive and inefficient. Therefore, machine learning is used to identify 5hmC sites. Here, we design a model called R5hmCFDV, which is mainly divided into feature representation, feature fusion and classification. (i) Pseudo dinucleotide composition, dinucleotide binary profile and frequency, natural vector and physicochemical property are used to extract features from four aspects: nucleotide composition, coding, natural language and physical and chemical properties. (ii) To strengthen the relevance of features, we construct a novel feature fusion method. Firstly, the attention mechanism is employed to process four single features, stitch them together and feed them to the convolution layer. After that, the output data are processed by BiGRU and BiLSTM, respectively. Finally, the features of these two parts are fused by the multiply function. (iii) We design the deep voting algorithm for classification by imitating the soft voting mechanism in the Python package. The base classifiers contain deep neural network (DNN), convolutional neural network (CNN) and improved gated recurrent unit (GRU). And then using the principle of soft voting, the corresponding weights are assigned to the predicted probabilities of the three classifiers. The predicted probability values are multiplied by the corresponding weights and then summed to obtain the final prediction results. We use 10-fold cross-validation to evaluate the model, and the evaluation indicators are significantly improved. The prediction accuracy of the two datasets is as high as 95.41% and 93.50%, respectively. It demonstrates the stronger competitiveness and generalization performance of our model. In addition, all datasets and source codes can be found at https://github.com/HongyanShi026/R5hmCFDV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The B-box proteins (BBXs) are a family of zinc-finger transcription factors with one/two B-Box domain(s) and play important roles in plant growth and development as well as stress responses. Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) is an important traditional medicinal and food supplement in China, and its genome has recently been released. However, comprehensive studies of BBX genes in Lycium species are lacking. In this study, 28 LbaBBX genes were identified and classified into five clades by a phylogeny analysis with BBX proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana and the LbaBBXs have similar protein motifs and gene structures. Promoter cis-regulatory element prediction revealed that LbaBBXs might be highly responsive to light, phytohormone, and stress conditions. A synteny analysis indicated that 23, 20, 8, and 5 LbaBBX genes were orthologous to Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum melongena, Capsicum annuum, and Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. The gene pairs encoding LbaBBX proteins evolved under strong purifying selection. In addition, the carotenoid content and expression patterns of selected LbaBBX genes were analyzed. LbaBBX2 and LbaBBX4 might play key roles in the regulation of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin biosynthesis. Overall, this study improves our understanding of LbaBBX gene family characteristics and identifies genes involved in the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in wolfberry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Back-drilling is a crucial technology for improving the signal integrity (SI) of high-speed printed circuit boards (PCBs) and plays a significant role in the growth of signal transmission to high frequencies and speeds. However, the performance of high-speed PCBs is greatly affected by hole plugging, the hole registration accuracy, and the via stub in back-drilling. Therefore, the key problems and technologies of back-drilling are investigated and summarized in this paper. First, the classification, the system components, and the features of back-drilling are presented. A summary of back-drilling effects on SI allows better understanding of the advantages of back-drilling in reducing the signal time delay, reflection, and resonance. The studies done by scholars to avoid plugged holes, to improve the hole registration accuracy, and to decrease the length of the via stub are also reviewed from the aspects of technological processes, machining parameters, back-drilling methods, and drilling machine accuracy. Finally, this paper provides some points of research that will help in the further study of the hole quality, hole registration accuracy, and stub control to enhance the performance of back-drilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro-holes are key components of printed circuit boards (PCBs) that enable the interconnections of different signal layers, and their surface quality is crucial to signal transmission performance. However, in the process of PCB micro-hole drilling, an overly high temperature can cause resin melting and the chips to stick to the tool, resulting in micro-hole quality problems such as plugging, burrs, and nail heads. Therefore, this paper studies the heat transfer trends and temperature distribution characteristics of PCBs in drilling processes. Based on the heat source method and finite difference method, a mathematical model of the PCB micro-hole drilling temperature was established first. Through experiments, the drilling force and temperature under different processing conditions were measured, and then, the heat distribution coefficients of a copper foil and an epoxy fiberglass cloth were obtained with a genetic algorithm. Next, the theoretical temperature of PCB drilling was calculated. Finally, the temperature model was verified by comparing the calculated and measured temperatures; the relative error was within 15.95%. The proposed mathematical model accurately describes the PCB micro-hole drilling temperature and provides technological support for improving the quality of micro-holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we present a plasmonic platform capable of the enhanced electric field (E-field) intensity, tunable LSPR effect, and trapping nanoparticles in different configurations of Ag triangular nanoplates. Our nanostructures equip the higher structural anisotropy (larger aspect ratio, 10:1), which localize surface plasmons in the gap region and possess the great factor of E-field enhancement (~850). Tunable near-field enhanced hotspots of Ag nanoplates support different resonant modes from 350 to 1200 nm, and the distribution of electric field and trapping potential well can also be manipulated. The hotspots for dimer enhance the optical force (~3.2 nN) on 30-nm polystyrene nanoparticles with a power density as low as 1 mW/μm2, which shows brilliant trapping characteristics. The tetramer with higher periodic symmetry provides a deep potential well (~ 1.3 × 10 3 kBT). It offers opportunities for the trapping and manipulating particles of nanoscale. And the nanogap structures pave a way for applications in surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface-enhanced infrared absorption tunable biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed to evaluate the anticancer effects of withaferin A against the human endometrial cancer via modulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling. The results of the present study revealed that withaferin A exerts a dose and time-dependent antiproliferative effects against the human KLE endometrial cancer cells with comparatively lower toxicity against the THESCs normal cells. The IC50 of withaferin A against the KLE endometrial cancer cells was found to 10 μM. The results showed that withaferin A induced apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest of the KLE cells which was associated with alteration of the apoptosis and cell cycle related proteins. In addition, the transwell assays showed that the migration and invasion of the KLE cells were inhibited by 53 and 40%, respectively. Finally, the effects of withaferin A were also examined on the TGF-β signalling pathway. The results showed that withaferin A blocked TGF-β-dependent Smad2 phosphorylation and expression of other TGF-β-related proteins in KLE cells. Summing up, the results suggest that withaferin A inhibits the proliferation of the human endometrial carcinoma via TGF-β signalling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed to evaluate the anticancer effects of withaferin A against the human endometrial cancer via modulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling. The results of the present study revealed that withaferin A exerts a dose and time-dependent antiproliferative effects against the human KLE endometrial cancer cells with comparatively lower toxicity against the THESCs normal cells. The IC50 of withaferin A against the KLE endometrial cancer cells was found to 10 μM. The results showed that withaferin A induced apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest of the KLE cells which was associated with alteration of the apoptosis and cell cycle related proteins. In addition, the transwell assays showed that the migration and invasion of the KLE cells were inhibited by 53 and 40%, respectively. Finally, the effects of withaferin A were also examined on the TGF-β signalling pathway. The results showed that withaferin A blocked TGF-β-dependent Smad2 phosphorylation and expression of other TGF-β-related proteins in KLE cells. Summing up, the results suggest that withaferin A inhibits the proliferation of the human endometrial carcinoma via TGF-β signalling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High frequency printed circuit board (PCB), as the significant support for 5G technology, has been receiving intense attention from the increasing number of scholars. Concerning precision fabrication of high frequency PCBs, micro hole drilling is deemed as one of the extremely crucial challenges. In this study, the coated drill bits' wear and micro hole quality were investigated through the drilling experiments of high frequency PCBs. Results showed that two kinds of coated drill bits exhibited well in terms of hole registration accuracy. Using diamond like carbon coated drill bits could obtain fewer burrs than drilled with diamond coated drill bits before drilling 200 holes, but the burr height increased very slowly with the increment of hole number when using diamond coated drill bits. Taking the combination of aluminum sheet and phenolic aldehyde board as the entry board was conducive to obtaining less burr, and the micro drill bits with helix angles of 40° and 42° were contributed to achieving less burr too. Additionally, decreasing the feed rate could lessen the hole blocking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A collection of bronze chariot-horses was discovered in the Yang'an Han tomb in Qionglai City, Sichuan Province. These bronzes was used as burial objects, symbolizing the high status of the tomb owner during his lifetime. To analyze the samples taken from the bronze chariot-horses, various scientific techniques were employed, including metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscope energy dispersive (SEM–EDS), multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS), and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) were used to analyze samples from the bronze chariot-horses. Unlike most Han bronzes made of leaded tin-bronze, the bronze chariot-horses were crafted using copper and tin, and their metallographic structure revealed that they were cast. The origin of the copper material used for the bronze chariot-horses differed noticeably from that of bronzes excavated in the Sichuan area from the late Warring States period and Western Han period. Historical documents and archaeological findings suggested that the owners of the bronze chariot-horses were possibly vassals. As the Sichuan region was governed by the central government of the Western Han Dynasty through the establishment of prefectures and counties rather than through the enfeoffment system, the presence of the bronze chariot-horses in Yang'an Han tomb may be related to the family of Liu Yue (刘越). The analysis of the lead isotope data indicated that the copper material likely originated from the southeastern Hebei and western Shandong, providing strong evidence for the link between the bronze chariot-horses and the family of Liu yue in terms of resource circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous structure composed of different active materials is an important strategy to improve the HER performance of catalysts, due to the synergistic effects on the interface. Here, we synthesized a Mo2C−MoP heterostructure by phosphating porous β‐Mo2C nanostructures with red phosphorus powder. XRD, Raman, XPS, SEM and TEM results suggested that Mo2C−MoP heterostructure with porous nanostructures were obtained on carbon cloth at 550 °C (MoCP‐550), which showed remarkable HER activity over a broad pH range. A low η10 of 51 mV and a small Tafel slope of 56.7 mV dec−1 was achieved in 1.0 M KOH, and a low η10 of 82 mV and a small Tafel slope of 49.8 mV dec−1 in 0.5 M H2SO4. MoCP‐550 also exhibited excellent electrocatalytic stability in both alkaline and acidic electrolytes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations identified that Mo2C−MoP heterostructure has more suitable H* adsorption free energy compared to pure Mo2C and pure MoP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A geometric model of the effective cutting edge in back-drilling was proposed for the first time. • The mechanical models without and with eccentricity effects in back-drilling was proposed for the first time. • The accuracy of the mechanical model was significantly high. • The mechanical model provided highly reliable theoretical support for the further study. The rapid development of fifth-generation (5 G) communication technology is placing greater demands on the performance of high-speed printed circuit boards (PCBs). Back-drilling plays a crucial role in achieving high-frequency and high-speed signal transmission and is a key technology for improving the signal integrity of high-speed PCBs. The thrust force is considered the main factor affecting hole quality when drilling PCBs. Accurately predicting the thrust force is essential for optimizing the back-drilling process. However, back-drilling thrust force is strongly coupled with eccentricity, presenting a significant challenge in predicting its accuracy. In this paper, an ideal state mechanical model (without eccentricity effects) and an actual state mechanical model (with eccentricity effects) are proposed for the first time to predict the thrust force when back-drilling high-speed printed circuit boards. First, a length model for the effective cutting edge in back-drilling is established for the first time based on back-drilling characteristics. The contact conditions and back-drilling mechanism between the materials (glass fiber-reinforced plastic, resin and copper) and the microdrill (tungsten carbide) are further analyzed in terms of the effective cutting edge and contact mechanics. Then, by considering the eccentricity effects, mechanical models under ideal and actual states are proposed for predicting the thrust forces when back-drilling high-speed PCBs. In addition, by setting different feed rates and spindle speeds and using 4 types of microdrills with different structural parameters, a back-drilling experiment is performed on high-speed PCBs to determine eccentric distances, actual thrust forces, and stub lengths. Compared with the actual thrust force, the maximum error of the ideal model is 8.03%, while the actual model has a better applicability with a maximum error of 5.51% and a minimum error of 1.33%. The experimental results indicate that the thrust force first decreases and then increases as the eccentric distance increases when the chisel edge is involved in the cut during back-drilling. Moreover, the stub length increases with increasing eccentricity and decreasing point angle, while the back-drilling diameter has a negligible effect. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus, is the predominant cause of severe enteropathogenic diarrhea in swine. A simple, rapid, specific, and sensitive method is critical for monitoring PEDV on pig farms. In this study, a simple and rapid lateral flow immunoassay detection system that integrates europium (Eu) (III) chelate microparticles was developed to identify PEDV in fecal swabs. This newly developed diagnostic sandwich immunoassay utilizes lateral flow test strips (LFTSs). The fluorescence peak heights of the test line (HT) and the control line (HC) were measured using a fluorescence strip reader, and the HT/HC ratio was used for quantitation. The limit of detection of PEDV with this LFTS was ??ten times the median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) per mL??. Fecal swab samples were used to determine the cutoff value. Field samples, various PEDV strains and other viruses were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Eu (III) chelate microparticle-based LFTSs, which were 97.8% and 100%, respectively, with a cutoff value of 0.05, as compared with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In samples from piglets experimentally infected with PEDV, the results were in high agreement with those obtained by RT-PCR. Epidemiological surveillance of PEDV using the LFTSs ??in areas threatened by African swine fever virus?? suggested that the PEDV positive rate on pig farms had significantly decreased, mainly due to the implementation of strict biosecurity measures. The results indicate that the Eu (III) chelate microparticle-based LFTS system is a rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for the identification of PEDV, indicating its suitability for epidemiological surveillance of PEDV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The reliability of R290 rotary compressor experimentally and numerically studied. • Study was conducted at ambient temperature (t a) 35°C, 46°C, 55°C, with SO, MO oil. • Oil sump viscosity decreases with the increase of t a , and solubility varies little. • Oil film thicknesses of bearings were analyzed at different t a. • The motor still works normally with condensing temperature 70°C. The R290 rotary compressor is suggested to use in split room air conditioners in hot climate areas for its higher efficiency, environmental-friendly, and lower discharge temperature. However the higher condensing temperature and pressure would result in reliability problems. In this paper the reliability of rotary compressor with R290&MO and R290&SO (mainly including the motor reliability; the oil sump viscosity, temperature and solubility; the oil film thickness of bearings) under the ambient temperature of 35 °C,46 °C,55 °C were studied experimentally and numerically. The results show that the motor temperature in R290 rotary compressor is lower than the allowable maximum temperature even under the condition of EXT/8 (condensing temperature = 70 °C). In addition, the oil sump viscosity of either synthetic oil (SO) or mineral oil (MO) decrease with the increase of ambient temperature (SO: from 4.7cp to 3.1cp; MO: from 2.2cp to 1.6cp), while under any condition, the solubility of SO (15%–16%) or MO (22%–25%) varies little. Besides, in the high ambient temperature (46 °Cand 55 °C), it is feasible to increase suction superheat to satisfy the proper viscosity when MO is used, while it is infeasible to SO. Influenced by oil viscosity and load, the oil film thickness of main bearing, sub bearing and eccentric bearing decrease with the increase of ambient temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) is a promising noble‐metal‐free electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), due to its structural and electronic merits, such as high conductivity, metallic band states and wide pH applicability. Here, a simple CVD process was developed for synthesis of a Mo2C on carbon cloth (Mo2C@CC) electrode with carbon cloth as carbon source and MoO3 as the Mo precursor. XRD, Raman, XPS and SEM results of Mo2C@CC with different amounts of MoO3 and growth temperatures suggested a two‐step synthetic mechanism, and porous Mo2C nanostructures were obtained on carbon cloth with 50 mg MoO3 at 850 °C (Mo2C‐850(50)). With the merits of unique porous nanostructures, a low overpotential of 72 mV at current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 52.8 mV dec−1 was achieved for Mo2C‐850(50) in 1.0 m KOH. The dual role of carbon cloth as electrode and carbon source resulted into intimate adhesion of Mo2C on carbon cloth, offering fast electron transfer at the interface. Cyclic voltammetry measurements for 5000 cycles revealed that Mo2C@CC had excellent electrochemical stability. This work provides a novel strategy for synthesizing Mo2C and other efficient carbide electrocatalysts for HER and other applications, such as supercapacitors and lithium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-frequency and high-speed printed circuit board (PCB) with lower transmission loss, higher heat resistance, and better processability play increasing significant roles in mobile communication technology. However, because the materials and micro drilling process of high-frequency and high-speed PCB are very different from the traditional printed board, there are still many of key techniques to be explored in the future study. In this paper, the characteristics of high-frequency and high-speed PCB were presented. Researches concerning the design and wear ability of micro drill, the analysis of micro drilling force and temperature, and the quality of micro holes were reviewed. Finally, several key techniques and challenges regarding materials and micro drilling were suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we have demonstrated that scanning polarization modulation microscopy (SPMM) provides a fast method for the identification of crystalline orientation of anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) materials. Using home-built 532 nm excited transmission SPMM, we identified the crystalline orientation of 2D orthorhombic black phosphorus, monoclinal 1T′-MoTe2, and triclinic ReS2 by measuring signals in only two incident polarization directions. So, it took just a few seconds to identify the crystalline orientation of anisotropic 2D materials. Our studies revealed that the SPMM method could be applied to arbitrary anisotropic 2D materials when selecting a suitable wavelength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study and obtain the influence of resin and filler properties of printed circuit board (PCB) on the drilling force during micro drilling.Design/methodology/approach Experiments were carried out to study the influence of PCB on micro-hole drilling force under high spindle speed. A drilling force measurement system was applied, and then, the influence of resin and filler properties of PCBs on the force was analyzed. The proportion of resin and filler in the PCB was defined as four levels, and the influence of PCBs based on the drilling force measurement was summarized.Findings The drilling force decreased with the decrease in the feed rate, and lower filler (16-30 per cent) and average resin (31-50 per cent) would have a positive impact on the drilling force. At the same time, the size of uniform and fine fillers would help to reduce the drilling force.Originality/value The drilling force measurement system was applied, and the influence of PCBs on force was analyzed, which could provide a reference value on the optimization of the drilling force during micro drilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gestures have long been recognized as an interaction technique that can provide a more natural, creative, and intuitive way to communicate with computers. However, some existing difficulties include the high probability that the same type of movement done at different speeds will be recognized as a different category of movement; cluttered, occluded, and low-resolution backgrounds; and the near-impossibility of fusing different types of features. To this end, we propose a novel framework for integrating different scales of RGB and motion skeletons to obtain higher recognition accuracy using multiple features. Specifically, we provide a network architecture that combines a three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3DCNN) and post-fusion to better embed different features. Also, we combine RGB and motion skeleton information at different scales to mitigate speed and background issues. Experiments on several gesture recognition public datasets show desirable results, validating the superiority of the proposed gesture recognition method. Finally, we do a human-computer interaction experiment to prove its practicality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hantaan virus (HTNV) is prevalent in Eurasia. It causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in regulating innate immunity. Among these, lncRNA negative regulator of interferon response (NRIR) was reported as an inhibitor of several interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes. Our results showed that: NRIR expression was upregulated by HTNV infection in a type I IFN-dependent manner. The expression of NRIR in CD14+ monocytes from HFRS patients in acute phase was significantly higher than that in convalescent phase and healthy controls. HTNV infection in some HTNV-compatible cells was promoted by NRIR. NRIR negatively regulated innate immunity, especially IFITM3 expression. Localized in the nucleus, NRIR bound with HNRNPC, and knockdown of HNRNPC significantly weakened the effect of NRIR in promoting HTNV infection and restored IFITM3 expression. These results indicated that NRIR regulates the innate immune response against HTNV infection possibly through its interaction with HNRNPC and its influence on IFITM3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is an emerging porcine intestinal coronavirus that can cause acute diarrhea, vomiting, rapid weight loss, and high mortality in newborn piglets. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) is a molecular mediator of innate antiviral immunity and converts cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC). Previous studies have reported that CH25H and 25HC have an antiviral effect against multiple viruses. However, the interplay between SADS-CoV infection and CH25H or 25HC is still uncertain. Here, we found that CH25H and its enzymatic product 25HC restrained SADS-CoV replication by blocking membrane fusion. Our results show that CH25H was upregulated by SADS-CoV infection in vitro and in vivo, and that it was an IFN-stimulated gene in porcine ileum epithelial cells. Moreover, CH25H and CH25H mutants lacking catalytic activity can inhibit SADS-CoV replication. Furthermore, 25HC significantly suppressed SADS-CoV infection by inhibiting virus entry. Notably, we confirmed that CH25H and 25HC blocked SADS-CoV spike protein-mediated membrane fusion. Our data provide a possible antiviral therapy against SADS-CoV and other conceivable emerging coronaviruses in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper was to study the influence of properties of printed circuit boards (PCBs) on the temperature during micro drilling and obtain the influential mechanism of PCBs based on temperature measurement.Design/methodology/approach Experiments were carried out to study the influence mechanism of PCB properties on micro hole drilling temperature under high spindle speed. The temperature measurement platform was applied, then the influence of components ratio of PCBs on the temperature of micro-drilling was analyzed by using comparative analysis method. The mass ratio of each kind of material in the PCB was defined as four levels and the influence mechanism of properties of PCBs based on temperature measurement was summarized.Findings Average filler and lower resin would have a positive impact on micro hole drilling temperature, and the smaller filler size and the even distribution would make it better.Originality/value An infrared temperature measurement platform was applied and influential mechanism of PCB properties on temperature was analyzed, which could provide the reference value on the optimization of temperature during micro drilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purposes of this paper are to study the characterization of drill bit breakage in printed circuit board (PCB) drilling process based on high-speed video analysis and to provide an important reference for micro drill bit breakage prediction.Design/methodology/approach Based on PCB drilling experiment, the high-speed camera was used to observe the micro drill breakage process and the chip removal process. The variation of chip in the drilling process was studied and one of the key reasons for the drill bit breakage was analysed. Finally, the swing angles’ feature during the breakage process of the micro drill was analysed and researched with the image processing tools of MATLAB.Findings The micro drill was prone to breakage mainly because of the blocked chips. The breakage process of the micro drill can be divided into the stage of stable chips evacuation, the stage of blocked chips and the stage of drill bit breakage. The radians of swing angles were basically in the range of ±0.01 when the drilling possess is normal. But when the radians of swing angles considerably exceeded the range of ±0.01, the micro drill bit may be fractured.Originality/value This paper presented the method to study the characterization of drill bit breakage in the PCB drilling process by using high-speed video analysis technology. Meanwhile, an effective suggestion about monitoring the radians of swing angles to predict the breakage of micro drill bit was also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has two genotypes, G1 and G2. To research the immunogenicity differences of PEDV G1 and G2 genotype strains and obtain a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb), we inoculated specific-pathogen-free BALB/c mice with a newly emerged strain, PEDV-LNCT2. After immunizations, cells from the spleen of the mice were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells. Following culturing and subcloning, a strain, 1B9, secreting neutralizing antibody, was obtained. The 1B9 mAb neutralized new variant genotype 2 PEDV strains (LNCT2, LNSY, and Hjms), but it did not neutralize a genotype 1 PEDV strain (CV777), in vitro . Results showed that the epitope recognized by the 1B9 mAb lies in the spike protein, and that it is a conformational epitope. These findings confirm that allelic differences in the PEDV S gene between the G1 and G2 genotype strains led to changes in the S protein and, thus, differences in its immunogenicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the movement characteristics of micro drill bit during entry period in printed circuit board (PCB) high-speed drilling and to present an effective method to conduct quantitative analysis of the wandering of drill bit based on high-speed video capturing.Design/methodology/approach Based on the high-speed camera technology, experiments are conducted to get a series of time sequence images and the wandering of micro drill tip and the radial run-out of drill body, and the max-deformation of drill bit are calculated by using a quantitative analysis method. Finally, the movement characteristics of micro drill bit during entry drilling period PCB high-speed drilling are evaluated.Findings With the increasing spindle speed, the radial run-out of drill body decreases gradually, whereas the wandering amplitude of the drill point gradually increases; micro drill bit itself has an ability of positioning deviation correction after contacting the entry sheet; the feed rate within a certain range could slightly worsen the deformation of drill tip at the instant of impingement.Research limitations/implications With the improvement of spindle speed, the camera’s shooting speed needed will increase accordingly, thus, the resolution of the pictures will decline, which always affects the analysis precision.Originality/value A series of effective methods to conduct quantitative analysis of the wandering micro drill bit by using high-speed camera technology is presented; a reference for the optimization of micro-hole drilling is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the fifth most common malignancy worldwide. The detailed mechanism of signal regulation for HCC progression is still not known, and the high motility of cancer cells is known as a core property for cancer progression maintenance. Annexin A2 (ANXA2), a calcium-dependent phospholipids binding protein is highly expressed in HCC. To study the roles the excessively expressed ANXA2 during the progression of HCC, we inhibited the ANXA2 expression in SMMC-7721 cells using RNAi, followed by the analysis of cell growth, apoptosis and cell motility. To explore the relationship between the cell behaviors and its structures, the microstructure changes were observed under fluorescence microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy and electron microscopy. Our findings demonstrated that down-regulation of ANXA2 results in decreased the cell proliferation and motility, enhanced apoptosis, suppressed cell pseudopodia/filopodia, inhibited expression of F-actin and β-tubulin, and inhibited or depolymerized Lamin B. The cell contact inhibition was also analyzed in the paper. Take together, our results indicate that ANXA2 plays an important role to enhance the malignant behaviors of HCC cells, and the enhancement is closely based on its remodeling to cell structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to calibrate the surface emissivity of micro drill bit and to investigate the effect of different drilling parameters on the temperature of micro drill bit in printed circuit board (PCB) micro drilling process.Design/methodology/approach The surface emissivity of micro drill bit was obtained by experiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied in this study to analysis the effect of different drilling parameters on the temperature of micro drill bit in PCB micro hole drilling. The most significant influencing factor on micro drill bit temperature was achieved by ANOVA.Findings First, the surface emissivity of cemented carbide rod decreased from 0.4 to 0.32 slowly with temperature in the range of 50-220°C. Second, the most significant influencing factor on the micro drill bit temperature was spindle speed among the drilling parameters including spindle speed, retract rate and infeed rate.Research limitations/implications In this paper, the influence of roughness of black coating, carbide rod and micro drill bit on the surface emissivity calibration and the temperature measurement was not considered.Originality/value A new simple method has been presented to calibrate the surface emissivity of micro drill bit. Through calibrating the surface emissivity of micro drill bit, the temperature of micro drill bit can be measured accurately by infrared thermometry. Analyzing the influences of different drilling parameters on the temperature of micro drill bit, the mechanism of drilling parameters on drilling temperature is achieved. The basis for the selection of drilling parameters to improve the hole quality is enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D printing technology overcomes the geometric constraints of parts manufacturing through directional layering, which has attracted significant attention from academia and industry. When printing an overhanging structure in the traditional printing process, it needs to create additional supporting structures. The supporting structures will increase additional printing time and material consumption and reduce the surface finish of the structure. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposed a five-axis non-supporting printing method based on point cloud data. This method segmented the multi-branch model to generate components by the concavity and convexity of adjacent voxels. Segmented overhanging of components by using the topological information that described by the skeleton. Based on the plane used for segmentation, the components were sliced at a suitable angle. Our algorithm was verified on a five-axis printer. The results show that this method saved the printing time by 22–36% and reduced material consumption by 20–30%. Simultaneously, it also reduced the structure surface roughness to a certain extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) have caused widespread concern. The identification of proteins associated with PEDV infection might provide insight into PEDV pathogenesis and facilitate the development of novel antiviral strategies. We analyzed the differential protein profile of PEDV-infected Vero E6 cells using mass spectrometry and an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification. A total of 126 proteins were identified that were differentially expressed between the PEDV-infected and mock-infected groups ( P < 0.05, quantitative ratio ≥1.2), among which the expression of 58 proteins was up-regulated and that of 68 proteins was down-regulated in the PEDV-infected Vero E6 cells, involving in integrin β2/β3, cystatin-C. The Gene Ontology analysis indicated that the molecular function of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) was primarily related to binding and catalytic activity, and that the biological functions in which the DEPs are involved included metabolism, organismal systems, cellular processes, genetic information processing, environmental information processing, and diseases. Among the disease-related functions, certain anti-viral pathways and proteins, such as the RIG-I-like receptor, Rap1, autophagy, mitogen-activated protein kinase, PI3K-Akt and Jak-STAT signaling pathways, and integrin β2/β3 and cystatin-C proteins, represented potential factors in PEDV infection. Our findings provide valuable insight into PEDV-Vero E6 cell interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nucleocapsid (N) protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) packages viral RNA genome to form a ribonucleoprotein complex. In addition to its function as a structural protein, N protein is involved in cell apoptosis or cell-cycle regulation. N protein possibly interacts with host factors to modulate cellular functions. To identify cellular proteins that interacted with N protein of TGEV, methods of GST pull-down and Co-IP were utilized to precipitate cellular proteins of swine testicular (ST). Bound cellular proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE. Analysis of interacting proteins by mass spectrometry allowed identification of 15 cellular protein bands representative of 12 cellular proteins including vimentin that bound to N protein. Furthermore, the function of vimentin cytoskeleton in ST cells during TGEV infection was examined. Vimentin cytoskeleton was required for virus replication. The present study thus provides protein-related information about interaction of TGEV N protein with host cell that should be useful for understanding host cell response to coronavirus pathogenesis infection and the underlying mechanism of coronavirus replication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a manufacture method for a sandwich structure Ultrasonic Motor (USM) and experiment. Two pieces of rotor clamped on a stator, and a stainless steel disk-spring is bonded on the hollow rotor disk to provide the press by a nut assembled on the shaft. The stator is made of a double-side Printed-Circuit Board (PCB) which is sawed out the ring in the center and connected on the board with three legs. On each side of the ring surface, there are electrodes connected at the same position via through hole. The three layer drive circuit for sine, cosine, and ground signal is connected on the board through each leg. There are many piezoelectric components (PZT) bonded between two electrodes and fill soldering tin on each electrode. Then PZT is welded on PCB by reflow soldering. Finally, rub the gibbous soldering tin down to the position of PZT surface makes sure the surface contacts with rotor evenly. The welding process can also be completed by Surface Mounted Technology (SMT). A prototype motor is manufactured by this method. Two B 03 model shapes of the stator are obtained by the finite element analysis and the optimal frequency of the motor is 56.375 kHz measured by impedance instrument. The theoretical analysis is conducted for the relationship between the revolving speed of the USM and thickness of stator ring, number of the travelling waves, PZT amplitude, frequency and the other parameters. The experiment result shows that the maximum revolving speed is 116RPM and the maximum torque is 25 N mm, when the actuate voltage is 200VAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to obtain the micro drill bit temperature field distribution in micro-drilling process and the temperature drop in retracting process with simulation software. Meanwhile, the key factors that affect the micro drill bit temperature will be obtained as well. The results can also be used to improve the accuracy in on-line drilling temperature measurement. Design/methodology/approach -- The purpose of this paper is to obtain the micro drill bit temperature field distribution in micro-drilling process and the temperature drop in retracting process with simulation software. Meanwhile, the key factors that affect the micro drill bit temperature will be obtained as well. The results can also be used to improve the accuracy in on-line drilling temperature measurement. Findings -- Micro drill bit high-temperature area mainly concentrates in the cutting edge and chisel edge. With the increase of spindle speed and feed speed, the micro drill bit highest temperature increased. The micro drill bit temperature drop rate reaches 20° in the micro-drilling retraction process with certain parameters. The micro drill bit highest temperature detected by an infrared camera is lower by 22° than that in real drilling. The simulation results can be used to guide the actual industrial production. Originality/value -- The simulation results can be applied to revise the temperature measurement by an infrared camera in the drilling process. Drilling experiments show that the simulation method is correct and has certain practical significance. The current temperature measurement method can satisfy most of the requirements of temperature measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to present a new method to optimize the micro drill bit based on finite element analysis, and analyze the performance of the asymmetric helix groove micro drill bit and provide a way to conduct the optimization of micro drill bits. Design/methodology/approach -- First, the stress and deform of the micro drills were analyzed in ANSYS. Second, the influence of helix angle, web thickness and ratio of flute to land on stiffness was explored. Combining the former two results, a better set of parameters were optimized. Third, the modal analysis and harmonic response analysis of the optimized micro drill bit were analyzed in ANSYS. Finally, an experiment was carried out to verify the performance of the asymmetric helix groove micro drill bit. Findings -- The stress and deform of the asymmetric helix groove micro drill bit are not symmetric. The rigidity is getting better with the web thickness increasing in the selected range; while, the rigidity is getting worse with the helix angle and ratio of flute to land increasing in the selected range. The natural frequencies of the optimized micro drill bit are far away from the excitation frequency, and the response displacement is very small under the excitation of the spindle. In the drilling experiment, the optimized micro drill bit performs well. Research limitations/implications -- In this paper, the diameter of the asymmetric helix groove micro drill bit was 0.3 mm and the cross-section shape was not considered. The future research work should consider different diameters and cross-section shapes. Originality/value -- Analyzing the influence of three main geometry parameters on the rigidity in ANSYS, a better set of parameters were optimized from the analysis results. The drilling experimental results show that this method is of great significance for obtaining the appropriate parameters of asymmetric helix groove micro drill bits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autophagy plays an important role in the infectious processes of diverse pathogens. For instance, cellular autophagy could be harnessed by viruses to facilitate replication. However, it is still uncertain about the interplay of autophagy and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) in cells. In this study, we reported that SADS-CoV infection could induce a complete autophagy process both in vitro and in vivo, and an inhibition of autophagy significantly decreased SADS-CoV production, thus suggesting that autophagy facilitated the replication of SADS-CoV. We found that ER stress and its downstream IRE1 pathway were indispensable in the processes of SADS-CoV-induced autophagy. We also demonstrated that IRE1-JNK-Beclin 1 signaling pathway, neither PERK-EIF2S1 nor ATF6 pathways, was essential during SADS-CoV-induced autophagy. Importantly, our work provided the first evidence that expression of SADS-CoV PLP2-TM protein induced autophagy through the IRE1-JNK-Beclin 1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the interaction of viral PLP2-TMF451-L490 domain and substrate-binding domain of GRP78 was identified to activate the IRE1-JNK-Beclin 1 signaling pathway, and thus resulting in autophagy, and in turn, enhancing SADS-CoV replication. Collectively, these results not only showed that autophagy promoted SADS-CoV replication in cultured cells, but also revealed that the molecular mechanism underlying SADS-CoV-induced autophagy in cells. Author summary: SADS-CoV, a novel bat-origin pathogen belonging to the family Alphacoronavirus, was confirmed to be the aetiological agent that caused mass death of piglets in southern China in 2017. Strikingly, since the outbreak of SADS-CoV, multiple studies have highlighted the risk of cross-species transmission due to its broad cell tropism. A better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms is expected to result in a more specific SADS-CoV prevention and control measures. As yet, the pathogenic mechanisms of SADS-CoV have so far not been characterized well. Here, we found that SADS-CoV infection induced a complete autophagy process in vitro and in vivo to facilitate virus propagation. Furthermore, it's indicated that ER stress and IRE1 pathway played indispensable functions in SADS-CoV-induced autophagy. Notably, we have provided first evidence that SADS-CoV PLP2-TMF451-L490 domain induced autophagy by interacting with substrate-binding domain of GRP78 to activate the IRE1-JNK-Beclin 1 signaling pathway. Overall, our study presented detailed mechanism of SADS-CoV-induced autophagy as well as a contribution for SADS-CoV pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Ti supported titanate nanotubes forest/Cu x O nanocubes (TNTF/CONC) was designed as catalytically active electrode for sensor fabrication. [•] TNTF/CONC exhibited dramatically enhanced catalytic activity toward glucose oxidation. [•] Significantly improved assay performances including ultrafast and sensitive current response, as well as good selectivity and extremely high stability were demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) modification is the basis of the translation of genetic information and the biological evolution. The study of its distribution in transcriptome is fundamentally crucial to reveal the biological significance of 5hmC. Biochemical experiments can use a variety of sequencing-based technologies to achieve high-throughput identification of 5hmC; however, they are labor-intensive, time-consuming, as well as expensive. Therefore, it is urgent to develop more effective and feasible computational methods. In this paper, a novel and powerful model called iR5hmcSC is designed for identifying 5hmC. Firstly, we extract the different features by K-mer, Pseudo Structure Status Composition and One-Hot encoding. Subsequently, the combination of chi-square test and logistic regression is utilized as the feature selection method to select the optimal feature sets. And then stacking learning, an ensemble learning method including random forest (RF), extra trees (EX), AdaBoost (Ada), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), and support vector machine (SVM), is used to recognize 5hmC and non-5hmC. Finally, 10-fold cross-validation test is performed to evaluate the model. The accuracy reaches 85.27% and 79.92% on benchmark dataset and independent dataset, respectively. The result is better than the state-of-the-art methods, which indicates that our model is a feasible tool to identify 5hmC. The datasets and source code are freely available at https://github.com/HongyanShi026/iR5hmcSC. [Display omitted] • A new model named iR5hmcSC was proposed to predict RNA 5hmC sites. • K-mer, Pseudo Structure Status Composition and One-Hot encoding are applied to extract features from the dataset. • A new method combining chi-square test and logistic regression is used to reduce the dimensions of data. • The stacking learning is adopted to classify the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Nanoporous carbon materials have attracted significant interests in the design of electrodes for electrocatalysis and biosensors. Here, three templated nanoporous carbons (TNCs) materials with substantial different specific surface area were designed and synthesized by a nanocasting method, in which mesoporous silicates and acid were used as template and catalyst, respectively. The TNCs were then used as electrode materials for simultaneous detection of dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) at physiological pH. The correlations between specific surface area, edge-plane defect sites in TNCs and their distinguishing ability towards AA, DA, and UA were investigated. For TNCs with substantial larger specific surface area and more defect sites, the oxidation peaks of AA, DA and UA were separated well and their oxidation currents increased remarkably. A highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of those biomolecules was achieved by designing TNCs1 with the largest specific surface area and the most defect sites as the electrode material. The sensitivity of AA, DA and UA at the sensor is 0.012, 4.031, 0.605μA/μM respectively. Results suggest that TNCs1 is promising in biomolecules simultaneous detection. This work may also be valuable for scientists who search for excellent carbon materials for biosensing and electrocatalysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to present a clear picture of the challenges of micro drill bit and the developments of novel micro-drill bits for flexible circuit boards, environmental-friendly printed circuit boards (PCBs), high aspect ratio drill bit and ultra-small micro drill bit, as well as the developments of geometry design of micro drill bit. Design/methodology/approach -- The paper details the developments trend and challenges of micro drill and PCBs first. Then the current research status of novel micro drill bits for flexible circuit boards, environmental-friendly PCBs, high aspect ratio drill bit, ultra-small micro drill bit are described. Finally, the developments of geometry design and drilling process are reviewed. Findings -- To achieve excellent performance for drilling flexible PCB, a large helical angle, large flute/land ratio and small web thickness that guarantee the sharp evacuation capability, are adopted in drill bit design. A small helix angle and an appropriate primary face angle are employed for drill bit to process environmental-friendly printed circuit boards. It is beneficial to implement big helix angle, small primary face angles and small point angles in the design of ultra-small micro drill bit. An optimum web thickness and step feed should be taken into consideration in high aspect ratio drill bits design. Originality/value -- The paper reviews different solutions of micro drill bits for the state-of-the-art PCB and the developments of geometry design of drill bit for printed circuit boards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fifth most important G genotype, G9 rotavirus, is recognized as an emerging genotype that is spreading around the world. Sequence analysis was completed of a rare group A rotavirus, strain G9P[23], that was designated rotavirus A pig/China/NMTL/2008/G9P[23] and abbreviated as NMTL. It was isolated from a piglet with diarrhea in China. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the VP7 gene clustered within the G9 lineage VId. The VP4 gene clustered within the rare P[23] genotype. NMTL is the first porcine G9 stain reported in China. Thus, to further characterize the evolutionary diversity of the NMTL strain, all gene segments were used to draw a phylogenetic tree. Based on the new classification system of rotaviruses, the NMTL sequence revealed a G9-P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1 genotype with close similarity to human Wa-like and porcine strains. The results showed that (i) NSP2 and NSP4 genes of NMTL exhibited higher genetic relatedness to human group A rotaviruses than to porcine strains, (ii) the VP2 and VP4 genes clustered with porcine and porcine-like human strains, and (iii) VP1 genes clustered apart from the Wa-like human and porcine clusters. In view of rotavirus evolution, this report provides additional evidence to support the notion that the human and porcine rotavirus genomes might be related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Porcine aminopeptidase N (pAPN) is a common cellular receptor for swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). To investigate single-chain fragment variable (scFv) repertoire against pAPN, the genes encoding the immunoglobulin light chain variable region (VL) and heavy chain variable region (VH) were amplified by reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using a series of degenerate primers from the spleen of BABL/c mice immunized with native pAPN. The VL and VH amplicons were combined randomly by a 12 amino acid flexible linker by splicing by overlap extension PCR (SOE-PCR), which produced the scFv gene repertoire. After ligation of the scFv gene repertoire into the T7Select10-3b vector, a mouse scFv phage library specific for pAPN was produced through in vitro packaging. The primary scFv library against pAPN contained 2.0×107 recombinant phage clones, and the titer of the amplified library was 3.6×109 pfu/mL. BstNI restriction analysis and DNA sequencing revealed that 28 phage clones from the primary pAPN scFv library showed excellent diversity. The effectiveness of the scFv library against pAPN was verified further by phage ELISA using the recombinant protein of the pAPN C subunit as coating antigen. The construction and evaluation of a murine scFv library against the common receptor pAPN of porcine coronaviruses TGEV and PEDV using the T7 phage display system are described. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]