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Two new iridoid glycosides, 2′-O-cis-coumaroylgardoside (1), and 6′-O-caffeoylioxide (2), were isolated from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis (HR-ESI-MS, NMR) and chemical methods. The anti-inflammatory activities of the isolates were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effects on PGE2 production in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, compounds 1 and 2 could reduce PGE2 levels in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 values of 121.4 and 83.38 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten cycloart-7-ene triterpenoid glycosides, including three new compounds (1–3), were isolated from the roots of Cimicifuga dahurica. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, chemical methods and comparison with literatures. In addition, the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the production of NO, as well as the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results showed that compounds 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 can reduce the release of NO in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, Western blot analysis indicated that the NO inhibitory effects relied on down-regulating the expression of iNOS, and partially associated with lowering the expression of COX-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new nitrogen-containing iridoid glycoside, named (7 R,3′R)-lonijapospiroside A (1), together with thirteen known iridoid glycosides, were isolated from the flower buds of Lonicera macranthoides. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. Among them, compounds 1-4 are four diastereoisomers, and their absolute configurations were accurately established by the NOE spectra as well as comparison of their experimental and calculated ECD spectra. The anti-inflammatory activities of all isolates were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effects on NO, IL-6, and TNF-α production in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compound 14 exhibited anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting IL-6 with an IC50 value of 54.70 μM, comparable to that of the positive control (hydrocortisone, IC50: 62.6 ± 1.7 μM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jin-Zhen oral liquid (JZOL), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription (TCMp), has extensively been used to treat acute bronchitis in children more than four hundred years in China. However, the current quality control standard of JZOL is inadequate, posing challenges for its internationalization. In this study, a Q-marker screening strategy based on multi-factor analysis was proposed to comprehensively evaluate anti-inflammatory Q-markers of Jin-Zhen oral liquid (JZOL). Firstly, the chemical profile and the pharmacokinetics properties of multiple components in JZOL were characterized by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS and UPLC-QqQ-MS. By integrating the measurable and absorbed components, twenty-two components with structures accurately defined, were selected as candidate Q-markers of JZOL. Following that, a network connecting 22 components and targets closely associated with bronchitis was established. Afterwards, a multi-factor analysis mode was developed to balance the components' multiple characteristics, and screen out the anti-inflammatory Q-markers in JZOL. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity evaluation was conducted by LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages to prove the representativeness of anti-inflammatory Q-markers in JZOL. As a result, a total of 92 components were characterized in JZOL and the pharmacokinetics properties of 11 bioactive components in vivo were further characterized. Then, an overlapping of 46 targets involved in the interactions of selected 22 candidate Q-markers and the regulation of bronchitis inflammation were collected. Subsequently, a multi-factor analysis was developed on 22 candidate anti-inflammatory Q-markers covering five factors, with the statistic KMO values of 0.645, and the P values of Bartlett's Test equal to 0.000. A total of seven ingredients (aloeemodin-8 -O - β - d -glucopyranoside, baicalin, chrysin-7- O - β - d -glucuronide, oroxylin A 7- O - β - d -glucuronide, wogonoside, chrysophanol-8 -O - β - d -glucopyranoside, and skullcapflavone II) were selected as Q-markers of JZOL, and the inhibitory effects of these candidate Q-markers on the secretion of inflammatory cytokes (NO, IL-6, IL-1β, and PGE 2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were evaluated and confirmed. This study not only offers a fresh approach to uncovering Q-markers in the quality control research of TCMps but also identifies the suitable anti-inflammatory Q-markers for JZOL for the first time, with the potential to serve as a reference for existing quality control standards of JZOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]