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Lasers have been found to be effective as an adjunctive in periodontal therapy. The objective of the study was to compare the outcomes of non-surgical adjunctive use of 980-nm diode laser to that of conventional flap surgery in terms of clinical outcome measures and radiographic osseous defect depths. This study was designed as a double-blinded split-mouth randomised controlled clinical trial. A total of fifteen patients (30 quadrants) with generalised periodontitis stage III grade B were randomly assigned test group (diode laser) and control group (conventional flap surgery). Both test and control groups had 15 quadrants each. At 3 months, the probing pocket depth (PPD) was 3.46 ± 0.19 mm (test) and 4.20 ± 0.20 mm (control), with a statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.01). Similarly, at 6 months re-evaluation, PPD was 1.46 ± 0.12 mm (test) and 2.33 ± 0.13 mm (control) with a highly significant statistical difference (p = 0.001). Plaque index showed a difference between both test and control groups at baseline, 3 months and 6 months (p = 0.001) while gingival index, modified sulcular bleeding index and radiographic osseous defect depth showed a difference at 3 months and 6 months (p = 0.001). Within the study's limitations, 980-nm diode laser can result in significant improvements in the clinical and radiographic parameters and is very well tolerated by the subjects.

Background: Malignant tumours in the nose and paranasal sinuses are challenging problems in the head and neck tumours. They represent the area of greatest histological diversity in the body with every tissue type represented. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) is a rare neoplasm of the jaws and was first described by two separate groups of researchers, Hansen et al., and Waldron et al., in 1985Case presentation: We report case of a male with right maxillary tumour. The patient presented with painful swelling over right side of face with mucopurulent nasal discharge on applying pressure over the swelling. The histopathology of specimen taken during total maxillectomy confirmed the diagnosis.Conclusion: In most cases of maxillary sinus tumours, the medial spread into nasal cavity is seen primarily followed by the superior spread through the infra-orbital canal or the inferior spread ,as a result of which nasal blockage ,epistaxis, mass or hyposmia are the most common presenting symptoms along with dental symptoms. It is a diagnostic challenge and clinicians should be aware of similar association as it may result in delayed treatment with fatal consequences. Also, Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma is a rare malignant odontogenic neoplasm with benign looking histology. The acknowledgment of this rare tumour and its distinction from other clear cell neoplasms is crucial in establishing the appropriate therapeutic plan.

The study shows that positive changes in understanding organizational goals and expectations, performance, communication, interpersonal relationships, and other benefits appear to be associated with the application of management by objectives (MBO) within a university setting. (Author/WM)

Rapid advances in the treatment of breast cancer, especially in the form of hormone therapy have truly increased the hope of longer and better disease-free survival for these patients. Exemestane, a third generation aromatase inhibitor has been extensively evaluated in metastatic as well as adjuvant therapy of breast cancer. It has also been evaluated for its safety profile, especially on bone and lipids. Exemestane provides hope to the patients with breast cancer both in early and metastatic disease. This review analyzes all the aspects of exemestane therapy.

Maxillary dentigerous cysts although uncommon need to be considered in the differential diagnosis in children with painless facial swelling. We present a case of dentigerous cyst associated with maxillary deciduous canine and maxillary premolars manifesting as a unilateral swelling in canine region of the face. A ten-year-old boy came to oral and maxillofacial surgery unit with a painless left facial swelling. The local dentist had prescribed antibiotics for treatment for the facial swelling, but the swelling did not subside, and the parents brought the child to our unit in Zliten Dental College. After clinical examination and imaging, the diagnosis of dentigerous cyst was made. Caldwell-Luc approach was done, the cyst was enucleated, and primary closure was done. The patient was followed up for a period of two years and there was no evidence of any recurrence.