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Periodontal regeneration involves the composite action of cell, scaffolds and signaling molecules. There are numerous autologous sources of regenerative cells which are present close to the vicinity of the periodontally debilitated site, the primary one being the periodontal ligament stem cell, which is believed to have a key role in regeneration. Various methods can be harnessed to optimize and enhance the regenerative potential of PDLSCs such as the application of LASERs. In the last few years there have been various studies which have evaluated the effect of different types of LASERs on PDLSCs and the present review summarizes the photo-biomodulative activity of LASERs in general and its beneficial role in the stimulation of PDLSC specifically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laboratory pot grate sintering studies have been carried out to explore the NOx emission during coke combustion in the presence and absence of quick lime and quick lime with iron ore fines as coating material on coke breeze (LCCB & LICCB). Melt formation studies have been carried out to know the melt formation at different temperatures. The pot grate sinter test results showed that quick lime and quick lime with iron ore fines were catalytically active in promoting coke combustion and reduction in NOx emission and improving the sinter productivity & sinter properties. In sintering experiments sinter productivity, sinter strength and NOx reduction, improved with quick lime (LCCB: 0.49%) and quick lime with iron ore fines (LICCB: 0.49 + 0.49%) as coating material on coke breeze (LICCB). With increase in quick lime and quick lime with iron ore fines as adhering layer on coke breeze the wind box temperature increased up to 0.49% due to increase in coke combustion rate with the help of formed CaO.Fe2O3 melt layer and decreased the overall NOx emission by decreasing the oxygen concentration in gas film at the surface of the coke breeze. The effect was not significant with the addition of quick lime and quick lime with iron ore fines >0.49%. Calcium ferrite suppressed the formation of NOx. As the NOx emission decreases the oxygen concentration in the gas also decreased. From sintering experiments, it was found that −3 mm coke breeze is effective for reducing the NOx emission with LCCB and LICCB compared to −1 mm coke breeze. The finer size coke is considered to be difficult to reach higher temperatures of combustion. Through LCCB and LICCB decrease in NOx emission was 37% and 49% respectively. Coating with quick lime & iron ore fines on coke breeze as adhering material is the one of the effective methods to reduce the NOx emission compared to quick lime coating on coke breeze. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Cardiovascular diseases in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients are becoming increasingly detected in developing countries and pericardial effusion is one of the common problems amongst them. The relation of CD4 count is also important, as it correlates with the severity of cardiac involvement. The present study was therefore undertaken to determine the clinical profile of pericardial effusion in HIV patients and its correlation with CD4 count. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital from 2015 to 2017 and it included 500 HIV patients, 39 of whom had pericardial effusion. All patients were assessed clinically and had undergone electrocardiograph, echocardiography and CD4 count along with the routine investigations. The presence of pericardial effusion was determined by echocardiography. The pericardial fluid was analyzed for cells, biochemistry, Gram staining, AFB staining and cultures. An attempt was made to correlate the findings with CD4 count. Results: Out of 500 HIV-positive patients, 39 (7.8%) were found to have pericardial effusion. Majority were male (64.1%) and middle-aged (40-65 y/o) (59%). Most of the effusions (61.54%) were quantified as large and the most common etiology was tuberculous (41%). Twenty-one patients (53.85%) were in the subgroup of CD4 count <50 cells/µL and 16 of them had severe pericardial effusion. Sixty-four percent of the patients underwent pericardial drainage and the remaining were managed medically. Conclusions: In the present study, 7.8% of HIV-infected patients had pericardial effusion. Tuberculosis is the most common cause. The lower the CD4 count is, the larger the pericardial effusion will be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to examine the improvement in self-esteem of children 11-14 years old diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after participating in the "Support for Students Exposed to Trauma" (SSET) programme. Twenty children participated in the intervention programme. Children attended a Therapeutic Summer Camp (TSC) which included lessons from the SSET programme. The TSC was delivered weekly, one day per week for 5 hours, over a period of 5 weeks. Children's self-esteem scores before the intervention were compared with those obtained after the intervention and were analysed using a paired samples t-test. Findings showed pre-intervention average self-esteemscores for males were lower than for females, but post-intervention showed no significant difference between the scores of both sexes. Results from the paired samples t-test indicated that there were significant improvements in self-esteem scores following the SSET intervention programme - from 13.70 ± 4.014 to 24.45 ± 1.849, with an improvement of 10.750 (T(19) = -11.436, p = 0.000). From these findings, we concluded that the SSET programme demonstrated some efficacy for increasing children's self-esteem, and made the recommendation of applying similar intervention programmes to support children diagnosed with PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The incidence of ipsilateral neck of femur fracture with the shaft of femur going for non-union is not known. Management of this concomitant non-union can be a daunting task in terms of fixation strategy and its outcome., Case Report: In this article, we report a case of a 25-year-old male with ipsilateral neck of femur with shaft non-union. We have done open reduction and dual plating with bone grafting for the shaft of the femur followed by valgus subtrochanteric osteotomy with dynamic hip screw and impaction bone grafting for the neck of femur non-union., Conclusion: The main principle in treating the neck of femur non-union is biomechanical correction of shear forces into compression forces by valgus correction and impaction bone grafting aids fracture healing. Dual plating with bone grafting gives optimal results in shaft non-union., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: Nil, (Copyright: © Indian Orthopaedic Research Group.)

Introduction: Clavicle fractures and acromioclavicular (AC) joint disruptions are very common injuries. However, both injuries occurring simultaneously are very rare entities., Case Report: In this article, we report a case of 21-year-old gentleman with a history of road traffic accident with a right mid-shaft clavicle fracture. We planned for the right clavicle plating. Intraoperatively incidentally, we found that the patient is having type 4 rockwood AC joint disruption with complete posterior displacement and gross instability. We repaired it after plating the clavicle using Ethibond with intraosseous sutures and augmented with trans acromion k wire. Later, k wire was removed, and the patient regained full range of motion shoulder after subsequent follow-up and physiotherapy., Conclusion: Clavicle fractures with ipsilateral AC joint disruptions are very rare. Diagnosing the AC joint disruption and appropriate management is very essential to regain the shoulder function and outcome., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: Nil, (Copyright: © Indian Orthopaedic Research Group.)

Introduction: Distal femur fractures are high-velocity injuries which accounts for 7-10% of all femoral fractures of which 5-10% are open fractures. Despite advances in techniques and implants, treatment remains a challenge, in many situations due to increased risk of infection, non-union and loss of range of motion. Surgical management of such complex injury includes radical debridement with stabilization followed by management of gap non-union with appropriate techniques and restores the range of motion., Case Report: We present a case of 20-year-old man who had suffered multiple orthopedic trauma following accident. The patient had open comminuted fracture of the right distal femur, closed fracture of the same side tibia shaft, and right side closed both bone forearm shaft fracture. The patient was initially treated with debridement and knee-spanning limb reconstruction system (LRS). The patient developed infection and subsequently osteomyelitis of the distal femur shaft and gap non-union of 8 cm. The patient was operated for two-stage-induced membrane technique (IMT) and bone grafting using LRS followed by non-vascularized fibula strut grafting and plating. Quadriceps contracture was later on treated with quadricepsplasty to get good functional and radiological outcome., Conclusion: A case of open distal femur comminuted fracture with a very small distal fragment complicated with osteomyelitis and gap non-union. We have shown that the use of IMT followed by non-vascularized fibula strut grafting and plating along with quadricepsplasty can give a very good outcome., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: Nil, (Copyright: © Indian Orthopaedic Research Group.)