Search

Background: Evaluating patients who have sustained blunt abdominal trauma remains one of the most challenging and resource-intensive aspects of acute trauma care.6,7 The objective of this dissertation is to analyse the pattern of fatal abdominal injuries secondary to blunt force impact. Aim: The aim of this research is to analyze the pattern of fatal abdominal injuries secondary to blunt force impact Materials and Method: Detailed observations for 38 autopsies with evidence of fatal abdominal trauma during the period October 2014 to July 2016 were carried out. Routine information like age, sex, occupation brief facts of the cases collected from the inquest report. Clinical history like time of admission, and deaths and other relevant data was collected from the hospital case sheets and death summaries. Results: Analysis involves 38 autopsies with evidence of fatal abdominal trauma during the period October 2014 to July 2016. The most common age group involved was between 21-30 years of age comprising 26% of total 38 cases followed by the age group of 11-20 years comprising 21% of total cases. The most common cause of blunt fatal abdominal trauma was vehicular accident seen in 84% of cases. In 38 cases, it was found that 24 cases (63%) were dead on arrival. Amongst 32 vehicular accidents, a total of 21 pedestrians (66%) were killed in 38 fatal blunt abdominal trauma cases. Liver was the organ mainly affected in fatal blunt abdominal trauma followed by pelvic trauma and kidney. Haemorrhage accounted for the largest number of cases (94.74%). Conclusion: The present study emphasizes the need for adopting measures to prevent morbidity and mortality resulting from blunt abdominal trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bruxism is defined as a ‘repetitive jaw-muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible’ with ‘two distinct circadian manifestations; either occurring during sleep (sleep bruxism) or during wakefulness (awake bruxism).’ Bruxism may lead to masticatory muscle hypertrophy, tooth surface loss, fracture of restorations or teeth, hypersensitive or painful teeth and loss of periodontal support. A sample of 100 patients were selected for a questionnaire study to assess the knowledge ad awareness regarding bruxism and its management. The results showed that there was an overall lack of awareness in the population. Knowledge and awareness should thus be provided to the population to ascertain early treatment and less discomfort to the patients having signs and symptoms of bruxism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rehabilitation of a patient in the Kennedy class IV situation demands biomechanical balance and aesthetic improvement. The long-pan condition complicates the problem because of the unavailability of sufficient number of abutments to support the prosthesis. Conventional removable prosthesis and fixed partial denture are not advised for the same reason. This report describes a novel technique for the fabrication of a custom attachment to retain prosthesis. An acrylic resin removable partial denture (RPD) is retained by a custom attachment. The patrix part of the custom attachment is fabricated using molar bands, prefabricated circumferential clasp, and straight die pins. The matrix part of the attachment is constituted by the plastic sleeves of the straight die pins, which are embedded inside the tissue-fitting surface of the prosthesis. This article describes an inexpensive custom attachment for rehabilitating the long-span Kennedy class IV situation. The entire technique is reversible, inexpensive, and demands less skill compared to semi-recision and precision attachments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present in-vitro study was a scanning electron microscope (SEM) study conducted in primary teeth in order to evaluate the erosive potential of ten commonly used pediatric liquid medications (PLMs). Materials & Methods: 10 commonly used PLMs and 33 exfoliated or extracted primary teeth were collected. The 33 teeth were divided into two groups, the control group (n=3) and the study group (n=30). The endogenous pH of all the teeth was measured using a pH electrode meter. The control group teeth were immersed in artificial saliva for three different time intervals- 1 minute, 10 minutes and 8 hours. The study group teeth were also maintained for 1 minute, 10 minutes and 8 hours in various selected PLMs. The primary enamel surface (PES) changes were then observed under the SEM for all the teeth of both groups. Results: All the PLMs used in the study showed an erosive effect on the PES when viewed under SEM. Majority of the medications caused etched prism pattern followed by crater formation and sporadic rod ends in that order on PES. Conclusion: There is a need to educate parents and professionals about the association between dental erosion and PLMs which predisposes to dental caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and Objectives: To study the diagnostic accuracy of Diffusion tensor imaging technique in detection of cervical spondylotic myelopathy changes., Material and Method: Study population included 50 patients with symptoms of cervical myelopathy. The patients were evaluated based on symptoms using the European myelopathy scoring system and were divided into: Grade 1, including patients with mild symptoms; Grade 2, referring to patients with moderate symptoms and Grade 3, which included patients revealing severe symptoms. All the patients were investigated with a 1.5 T MRI unit acquiring DWI and DTI sequences. FA and ADC values from each spinal segment were analyzed in terms of Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation and Confidence Intervals. The comparison of values was done by ANOVA and post hoc analysis by bonferroni test. Comparison of accuracy of FA, ADC and T2WI in recognizing myelopathic changes was done by t-test. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to obtain a cut off value of FA and ADC for each spinal level to identify myelopathic change in the spinal cord., Results: The study revealed a significant difference in the mean FA and ADC value of stenotic and Non-stenotic segments. T2WI was highly significant (p = 0.000) in recognizing myelopathy changes in patients falling under Grade 2(moderate) and Grade 3(severe) according to European Myelopathy scoring system. Regarding patients under Grade 1 (mild) FA and ADC values showed significant difference compared to T2WI. The collective sensitivity in the identification of myelopathic changes was highest with FA (79%) as compared to ADC (71%) and T2WI (50%). ROC analysis was done to determine the cut off values of FA and ADC at each cervical spine segments. The proposed cut off, for FA and ADC at the level of C1-C2 is 0.68 and 0.92, C2-C3 is 0.65 and 1.03, C3-C4 is 0.63 and 1.01, C4-C5 0.61 and 0.98, At C5-C6 0.57 and 1.04, At C6-C7 0.56 and 0.96 respectively., Conclusion: FA and ADC values enhance the efficacy and accuracy of MRI in the diagnosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Hence diffusion tensor imaging can be used as a non-invasive modality to recognize spondylotic myelopathy changes even in the early stages, which can be helpful in deciding on appropriate timing of decompression surgery before the irreversible chronic changes set in.