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Background: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission causes significant distress that can hinder the successful transition into parenthood, child-parent relations, and child development. Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to understand parental psychological phenomena. Here we assessed the emotional response of parents of newborns during NICU admission. Methods: Two authors independently searched the PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Clinical Key, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between January 01, 2004, and December 31, 2021. The review followed Cochrane collaboration guidelines and the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) statement. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Stata software (version 16) was used to compute the results. Results: This review comprised 6,822 parents (5,083 mothers, 1,788 fathers; age range, 18–37 years) of NICU patients. The gestational ages and neonatal weights were 25.5–42 weeks and 750–2,920 g, respectively. The pooled prevalence of anxiety was higher among mothers (effect size [ES], 0.51; 95% confidence interval[CI], 0.41–0.61; and heterogeneity [I² ]=97.1%; P<0.001) than among fathers (ES, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.11–0.42; I² =96.6%; P<0.001). Further, the pooled prevalence of depression was higher among mothers (ES, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.24–0.38; I² =91.5%; P<0.001) than among fathers (ES, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03–0.22;I² =85.6%; P<0.001). Similarly, the pooled prevalence of stress was higher among mothers (ES, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.31–0.51; I² = 93.9%; P<0.001) than among fathers (ES, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.09–0.34;I² =85.2%; P<0.001). Conclusion: NICU admission is more stressful for mothers than fathers and can affect mental health and quality of life. Mothers reported a higher pooled prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression than fathers, possibly attributable to their feelings about birthing a sick child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic had greatly impacted health worldwide. The nationwide lockdown was imposed to contain the virus transmission, which indirectly affected health care utilization. Pediatric patients', as they are considered as a vulnerable group, parents faced a significant challenge to manage their children's surgical and medical care needs during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The study aims to explore the parental approach to health care facilities to meet children's surgical care needs during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A qualitative approach was adopted to fulfill the objective by conducting an in-depth interview using a semi-structured interview schedule among 26 parents of children with perioperative surgical care needs at a tertiary care hospital, eastern India. The digitally recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was employed to understand the parent's experience toward meeting children's surgical care needs during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic lockdown. QSR NVIVO software version 12 was used for data management. Results: The study found 3 themes related to parent's experience which include state of desperation (sub-themes: lockdown effect, ignorant to the health facility, phobic to coronavirus disease infection, and testing), state of assurance (sub-themes: telemedicine: accessibility, approachability, and applicability), and state of serenity (sub-themes: refrained from somatic symptoms and shouldering the responsibility). Conclusion: Despite various hurdles parents faced during the pandemic, telemedicine helped parents meet their children's surgical care needs. Framing guidance, protocols to deal with emergency and primary care delivery, and disseminating information on telemedicine facilities to grassroot level to the community can protect this vulnerable population in the upcoming surge of coronavirus disease 2019 waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The American Academy of Pediatrics had recommended that children younger than 2 years should avoid digital media. However, in the Indian context, it was less explored. Aims: The study aimed to determine the relationship between touch screen device (TSD) usage and sleep of infants, toddlers. Methodology: Using a cross-sectional design, 76 parents of infants and toddlers attending well-baby clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India were approached, and 57 parents who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were selected using a nonprobability convenient sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested validated tool including TSD usage pattern, the brief infant sleep questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean age of TSD usage was 15.6 ± 5.8 months with a mean duration of 65 ± 9.6 min/day. Mothers (51%) reported circumstances to offer TSD was feeding the child. There was a significant negative relationship between night sleep and TSD usage among children (r = −0.35, P < 0.01). Conclusions: TSD usage time significantly affects the nighttime duration of sleep of infants and toddlers. Parents to be educated on proper usage and ill effects of TSD to prevent sleep issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tobacco intake associated with fitness dangers, morbidity, and mortality has been growing. The prevalence of tobacco use and nicotine dependence is very high among housekeeping staff compared to the general population. Nicotine dependence is one of the major public health problems in developing and developed countries. Very few studies are conducted on nicotine dependence among housekeeping staff in hospitals. Objectives: The objectives of the study are: to assess the nicotine dependence among housekeeping staff of AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, and to find the association between nicotine dependence and demographic characteristics such as age, gender, education, job experience, duration of use, age of initiation, and last use. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess nicotine dependence among the housekeeping staff of AIIMS, Bhubaneswar. The information was collected using a demographic proforma, screening tool, nicotine dependence tool- (a) Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence- (FTND), and (b) Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence-smokeless tobacco (FTND-ST) by self-reporting. Result: Among 338 participants screened, 224 users showed nicotine dependence. Among 224 housekeeping staff, 58 users consume pan, 63 users use cigarettes, and 103 consume both (Pan and cigarette). Nicotine dependence is significantly associated with economic status and age of initiation and not significantly associated with demographic variables such as age, gender, education, marital status, religion, and job experience. Conclusion: The study concluded that hospital-led interventions are required to make behavioural changes and prevention of tobacco use among housekeeping staff to save their lives, protect their health, and beat tobacco consumption to support the National goal of 'Nasha Mukt Bharat'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chronically critically ill (CCI) patients often have high costs of care and poor outcomes. Disease management programs offering home care may reduce costs but needs buy-in from informal caregivers. An understanding of caregiver burden in this population is lacking. We aimed to study the caregiver burden, its change over time, and factors affecting it, in post-ICU tracheostomized patients. We compared the caregiver burden among CCI carers to that of palliative caregivers. Methods: Informal caregivers of thirty chronically critically ill tracheostomized patients (CGcci) were administered the Caregivers Burden Scale (CBS) tool at discharge, 2 and 4 weeks after discharge. A one-point assessment of burden was made in 30 caregivers of patients enrolled in Pain and Palliative care clinic (CGpc). Linear mixed models for repeated measures were used to analyze score of CGcci over time and compared to the burden in physical, psychologic, economic, time, and social domains between groups. Results: All 60 caregivers were young (33-35 years), predominantly male, and children of the patients. Both CGcci and CGpc had moderate burden score of 60.5 (14.7) vs 61.5 (13), respectively. Physical burden (11.5 vs 8) was greater in CGcci (p = 0.001) compared to psychologic domain (10 vs 12.5) in CGpc (p = 0.01). Burden score over all domains in CGcci decreased rapidly from 67.5 (8) to 55 (16.5) (p = 0.001) in the first month after discharge. Conclusion: Burden of care among caregivers of tracheostomized chronically critically ill patients is comparable to those of palliative caregivers and reduces significantly with time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Nurses are the backbone of any health system, providing quality care to the patients in the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. They are working as frontline warriors in this pandemic and giving their services in such challenging and difficult situations. Since nurses have high rates of exposure they are at risk of getting the SARS CoV-2 infection. The aim of the study is to explore the contributing factors for (COVID-19) infection among nurses working in COVID-2019 units. Background: Nurses are the backbone of any health system, providing quality care to the patients in this COVID pandemic. They are working as a frontline warrior in this COVID-19 pandemic and giving their services in such difficult situations. Nurses have direct patient contact which makes them at risk of getting an infection. Materials and Methods: A qualitative case series design was carried out using conventional thematic analysis through an inductive approach to explore the factors. Fourteen nurses who have turned COVID-19 positive within 7 days of their last working exposure to COVID units were interviewed using the maximum variation purposive sampling technique. Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines were used to report the study. Results: Nurses reported prolonged exposure to COVID-19 patients; challenges in the patient care environment, biological disequilibrium, and exposure to a non-COVID zone were the major factors contributing factors. Conclusion: It is necessary to make policies on regulating the adequate manpower (both number and gender adequacy) in various COVID units, training of every nurse, rotation of COVID duties among various teams, regular health checkups of nurses, and smart monitoring of COVID units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The impact of disruption to the care of non-coronavirus disease (COVID) patients (COVID collateral damage syndrome-CCDS) is largely unknown in resource-limited settings. We investigated CCDS as perceived by healthcare workers (HCWs) providing acute and critical care services in India. Materials and methods: A clinician and nurse codesigned and validated an internet-based survey, which was disseminated to HCWs using a multiple frame sampling technique. Results: Responses were received from 468 HCWs (completion rate 84%); at the time of the survey, 48% were working in critical care, 41% aged 30-40 years, and 53% represented public institutions. Respondents perceived a decrease in service utilization and disruption to time-sensitive acute interventions (60.1% and 40.8%, respectively), with fear of infection (score, 63.0; standard deviation (SD), 31.8) and restrictions due to lockdown (61.4; SD 32.5) being cited as the causes of service disruption. Being overwhelmed or lack of protective equipment was perceived to contribute less to CCDS. Insistence on COVID test results χ² (p = 0.02) and duty-avoidance (p < 0.01) was perceived as significant causes for CCDS by HCWs from private hospitals and those in leadership roles, respectively. Conclusions: Fear of infection and the effect of lockdown were perceived as important contributors to CCDS resulting in disruption to services and decreased service utilization. Perceptions were influenced by HCWs' role and hospital organizational structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient safety in healthcare includes the safety of both patients (clients) and healthcare providers. It emphasizes reporting, analysis and prevention of medical errors that often lead to adverse health events and thus it becomes one of the most important aspects needed in a hospital setting. Purpose: The study aimed to assess the perception of patient safety culture amongst healthcare personnel in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A descriptive research design was selected as an appropriate method; 380 participants were selected through convenience sampling technique, including physicians, nursing officers and other technical staff. The setting for the study was all departments of a tertiary care hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, a self-administered questionnaire, was used to assess the perception of patient safety culture. Results: The data were entered into SPSS version 20. The overall response rate in the present study was 84%. The average composite response rate was 57.37%. The dimension of 'teamwork within the unit', 'organisational learning' and 'feedback and communication error' showed the maximum positive responses 81.25%, 79.91% and 70.61%, respectively. Conclusion: Professional practice is a priority to promote patient safety culture amongst healthcare personnel. To have homogeneous patient safety culture amongst all healthcare professional, it is essential to increase awareness about patient safety amongst healthcare personnel and motivate them to participate in the service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AUTH Background: Pain associated with invasive medical procedures is a significant cause of anxiety for parents. This may increase children's anxiety, pain and fear. Aim: To determine the anxiety perceived by parents of children undergoing intravenous cannulation and the influence of parental anxiety on the intensity of pain experienced, and to explore the association between selected variables and anxiety perceived by parents. Method: A descriptive correlational approach was adopted and a purposive sample of 48 children and their parents was selected. The pilot study was conducted in the children's wards of a selected hospital in Mumbai, India, between August 2017 and January 2018. Parental anxiety was assessed using the short version of the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scales. Pain experienced by children was assessed using the Faces Pain Scale-Revised. Results: Mild anxiety was experienced by 6% (n=6) of parents, while 52% (n=25) had moderate to extreme anxiety. More than one third of the children (35%, n=17) reported moderate pain and 31% (n=15) reported severe pain. A positive correlation was found between pain and parental anxiety and between parental anxiety and age and birth order. Conclusion: Parental anxiety influences the perception of pain in children. Parents should be made aware of how their anxiety can affect children's pain experiences during medical procedures and take measures to reduce anxiety, such as relaxation, distraction and deep breathing. Children's nurses can help parents manage preprocedural anxiety to reduce the traumatic effect on children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The cost of critical illness treatment is generally recognized as expensive and increasing in India. Critical illness of the individual will affect the socioeconomic status of the individual and the family. The direct and indirect costs of intensive care and its impact on the socioeconomic status of critically ill patients and their families need to be estimated. The present study was carried out to evaluate the socioeconomic burden of critically ill patients admitted to ICUs in Eastern India. Methods A descriptive survey was conducted to measure the socioeconomic burden. One hundred fifteen critically ill patients and their family members were conveniently selected for the study. Critically ill patients admitted to ICUs and those who were bedridden for more than seven days along with anyone the family member, i.e., spouse, father, or mother, were included in the study to estimate the impact of long-term illness on the care providers in the family. Socio-demographic and socioeconomic burdens were analyzed through the interview method. Results Half (49.6%) of the critically ill patients were heads of the family, and their employment is the primary source of income for the family members. Most (60.9%) of the patients belonged to lower socioeconomic status. Critically ill patients spend a maximum (38169.6±3996.2) amount for pharmaceutical expenses. Eventually, the family members accompanying patients lost maximum working days because of the long length of hospital stay. Below upper-lower (p=0.046) class socioeconomic family, age less than 40 (p=0.018) years, and those families depending (p=0.003) on patients' income significantly reported higher socioeconomic burden. Conclusions Critical care hospitalization of patients increases the socioeconomic burden on the whole family, especially in lower-middle-income countries like India. It soberly affects younger age group patients with low socioeconomic status and families depending on the patient's income during their man days., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Gehlot et al.)